Dr. Iyad Feteih MBBch, FRCPC, DABRKing Fahd Hospital Jeddah (MOH)Consultant Interventional RadiologistHead of Radiology Departmentiyad.feteih@gmail.comINFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTERSWHAT IS OUT THERE?

LGMGunther tulip Antheor DILKeeper

6)FCP2002, 7) Mobin-Uddin8) Kimray-Greenfield9) Simon nitinol10) Titanium Greenfield

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HISTORIC PERSPECTIVES OF IVC INTERRUPTION

Armand Trousseau first proposed IVC interruption for the treatment of PE in 1865.IVC interruption with surgical ligation was first performed in 1893.Several surgical approaches were used up until the 1960s.

Armand Trousseau(1801-1867)

Mid 1940s: Ochsner, DeBakey, and ONeal performed IVC ligation procedures to prevent pulmonary emboli from the legs and pelvis.This method was associated with:High operative mortality rate (14%)Recurrent PE (6%) Chronic venous stasis (33%)

Michael DeBakey

The next innovation consisted of Compartmentalization of the IVC with sutures, staples, or clips (Miles, Moretz, and Adams-DeWeese Clips).

These methods still had significant issues:Operative mortality rates (12%)Recurrent PE (4%)IVC thrombosis

The next generation of IVC interruption involved Endoluminal methods.Mobin-Uddin umbrella (1967)

MOBIN-UDDIN UMBRELLA (1967) Constructed in the shape of an inverted umbrella from six stainless-steel struts covered with a thin heparin-impregnated fenestrated silastic membrane. Inserted by venotomy with the apex pointing inferiorly.Jugular insertion route only.

MOBIN-UDDIN UMBRELLA No longer availableThe device was limited due to:Migration (0.4%)Significant incidence of IVC thrombosis (60%)Caused significant flow disturbances and pressure gradients.

Ann. Surg. June 1977

GREENFIELD FILTER (1973)The next advance came in 1973, with the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter.The Greenfield filter became the device by which other devices are compared.

Greenfield IVC filterLazar J. Greenfield

GREENFIELD FILTER (1973)Conical filterInserted via venotomy (sheath OD, 29.5 F) The original design is no longer commercially available. The first percutaneous insertion in 1984.

IVC FILTERS

The Ideal IVC FilterNon-thrombogenicBiocompatibleInfinite implant lifetimeHigh filtering efficiencyNo impedance of flowSecure fixation within IVCLow access site thrombosis

Ease of percutaneous insertionSmall caliber delivery systemRelease mechanism simple and controlledAmenable to repositioningMR imaging compatibilityLow costRetrievability

Inle Lake, Mayanmar (Burma)Inthe (Son of the lake)leg rowerfisherman

IVC FILTERS - CE MARKED

COMPANY NAMEIVC FILTER NAMEALNALN IVC FilterArgon Medical Devices, Inc.OptionArgon Medical Devices, Inc.Option EliteBard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.RecoveryBard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.Recovery G2Cook MedicalCelectCook MedicalGunther TulipCook MedicalBirds Nest Cordis CorporationOptEaseCordis CorporationTrapEaseCrux Biomedical, Inc (Volcano)Crux Vena Cava Filter

IVC FILTERS FDA APPROVED

COMPANY NAMEIVC FILTER NAMEALNALN IVC FilterArgon Medical Devices, Inc.OptionArgon Medical Devices, Inc.Option EliteB. Braun Interventional SystemsVena Tech LPB. Braun Interventional SystemsVena Tech LGMBard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.EclipseBard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.MeridianBard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.Simon NitinolBoston Scientific CorporationStainless Steel OTW Greenfield Filter (SGF)Boston Scientific CorporationTitanium Greenfield Filter (TGF)Cook MedicalCelectCook MedicalGunther TulipCook MedicalBirds Nest Cordis CorporationOptEaseCordis CorporationTrapEaseCrux Biomedical, Inc (Volcano)Crux Vena Cava Filter

BARD PV

BARDRetrievable IVC Filters:Recovery (2003): first IVC filter in the USA to receive a retrieval indicationG2 (2005): Approved for permanent placementG2 Express (2008): Retrieval hookG2 X (2009): Enhanced delivery systemEclipse (2010): an electropolished version of the G2 X FilterDenali (2013): The newest IVC filter from Bard. Permanent IVC Filters:Simon Nitinol (1990)

RECOVERY G2 (2005)BARD PV

RECOVERY G2 (2005)BARD PVFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2005 (P), 2008 (R) / YesRetrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28Max. Deployed Length (mm): --Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Femoral/JugularRetrieval Approach: Jugular

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RECOVERY G2 (2005)BARD PVIt is an updated version of the Recovery filter, which was taken off the market in 2005 due to problems with fracturing and migration, and incorporates thicker fixation hooks and a wider leg span. One study found a 95% retrieval success rate, with median indwell time of 144 days and the longest indwell time 300 days. However, a 2010 study found a 12% fracture rate of the G2 filter.

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RECOVERY G2 (2005)BARD PVHigh rates of tilting and migration have also been identified. It is likely that complications such as these prompted the FDA to issue a safety alert regarding adverse events in retrievable filters in general.

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G2 EXPRESS (2008) & G2 X (2009)BARD PVA variant of the G2 FilterThe G2X, has an apical hook allowing for retrieval using an endovascular snare. The G2 Express Filter name was changed to the G2 X Filter with the introduction of new delivery systems

RECOVERY G2 X / EXPRESS (2009)BARD PVFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2009 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28Max. Deployed Length (mm): 47Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Femoral/JugularRetrieval Approach: Jugular

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Eclipse Filter is an electropolished version of the G2 X Filter

ECLIPSE (2010)BARD PV

BARD PVFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2010 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28Max. Deployed Length (mm): 47Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7 Femoral; 10 JugularMaterial: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Femoral/JugularRetrieval Approach: Jugular

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Titanium AnchorsDesigned to resist caudal migration

MERIDIAN (2011)BARD PV

ECLIPSEBARD PVFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2010 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28Max. Deployed Length (mm): 47Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7 Femoral; 10 JugularMaterial: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Femoral/JugularRetrieval Approach: Jugular

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DENALI (2013)BARD PV

DENALIBARD PVFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2013 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28Max. Deployed Length (mm): 51Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 8.4Material: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral Retrieval Approach: Jugular

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DENALIBARD PV*

Staggered Leg Lengths4 Legs Cranial hookPenetration limiter

2 Longer Legs Caudal anchorPenetration limiter

Electropolished one-piece nitinol filter bodyNew anchors help prevent cranial and caudal migrationUnique penetration limiters help limit penetration

THE DENALI CLINICAL STUDY

A single-arm, prospective, multi-center clinical study was conducted to assess the safety of the Denali Filter as both a permanent and retrievable device. One hundred seventy five (175) patients (107 males, 68 females) were enrolled at 20 investigational sites across the United States. The mean age was 56.7 15.8 years (range 18 89 years). Eighty six (86) patients had their filter successfully retrieved.

Denali Study Report

THE DENALI CLINICAL STUDYComplications RatesDenali Study Report

Recurrent PE2/1751.1% Caval Occlusion0/1290% Filter Fracture0/1290% Cranial Migration 0/1280% Caudal Migration 0/1280% Filter Penetration at placement3/1751.7% Filter Penetration at retrieval2/882.3% Filter Tilt at placement0/1750% Filter Tilt at retrieval0/880%

THE DENALI CLINICAL STUDYRetrieval Details

Number of Filter Retrieval attempts88 Number of Successful retrieval86 Retrieval Success Rate97.7% Mean Indwell time132.6 days Maximum Indwell time454 days Mean Retrieval Procedure Time17.1 minutes

VOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)

CRUX (2013) VOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)FDA Approval / CE Mark: 2013 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 17-28Max. Deployed Length (mm): Depends on IVC Diam.Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 9Material: NitinolDesign: HelicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral Retrieval Approach: Jugular/Femoral Retrieval Window:

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Crux Biomedical, was founded by Dr. Thomas Fogarty, a surgeon, a famous medical device inventor and noted winegrower.Inventor of the Fogarty embolectomy catheter (1969).He has acquired over 63 surgical instrumentation patents over the past 40 years.

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)FDA approval in 2013Self-centering-no-tilt Symmetrical double helical designCenters filter automatically in vessel lumenBi-directional deployment and retrieval, thus twice the retrieval options of other filters.

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)

Atraumatic design - Tissue anchor lengths optimized for effective vessel fixationTrans-luminal filtration design provides filtration across the lumen of the vesselControlled filter placement via preloaded, low profile, over-the-wire delivery system

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)The safety and effectiveness of the Crux vena cava filter was evaluated in the RETRIEVE 2, 3 and 4 pivotal clinical trials, which enrolled 125 patients at high risk for pulmonary embolism across 22 global sites including the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Belgium.Results demonstrated high rates of both successful filter deployment (98%) and retrieval (98%).

CRUXVOLCANO (CRUX BIOMEDICAL)Mean time for filter deployment: 5 minutesMean time for filter retrieval: 7 minutesFemoral access:85% of deployment cases70% of retrieval cases.Results also showed high rates of safety and effectiveness, with 0% embolization, migration (>2cm per SIR guidelines) and filter fracture or filter tilting, and no device-related adverse events requiring intervention reported.

COOK MEDICAL

Worlds first optional filterBest suited for shorter-term retrieval94% probability of successful retrieval at 12 weeksContraindicated if IVC ID measures >30mmSecure fixationBarbed anchors are designed to achieve strong caval fixation

GNTHER TULIP (2000) COOK MEDICALSmouse HB, Rosenthal D, Thuong VH, et al. Long-term retrieval success rate profile for the Gnther Tulip vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20(7):871-877. www.cookmedical.com

GNTHER TULIP (2000)COOK MEDICALFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2000 (P), 2003 (R) / Yes (1992)Retrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 30Max. Deployed Length (mm): 50Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: ConiChromeDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/FemoralRetrieval Approach: JugularRetrieval Window: Open?

*www.cookmedical.com

Long retrieval windowAt up to 51 weeks, the Celects probability of successful retrieval is 100%Contraindicated in vena cava measuring >30mm &

CELECT COOK MEDICALFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2007 (P), 2008 (R) / YesRetrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 30Max. Deployed Length (mm): 48Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: ConiChromeDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/FemoralRetrieval Approach: JugularRetrieval Window: 51 weeks (open)

*www.cookmedical.com

CELECT PLATINUM COOK MEDICALwww.cookmedical.com

CELECT PLATINUM COOK MEDICALFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2013 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 30Max. Deployed Length (mm): 48Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: ConiChrome / PlatinumDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/FemoralRetrieval Approach: JugularRetrieval Window: Open?

*www.cookmedical.com

Similar features as CelectBetter trackability & accurate placement with flexible tip on femoral introducerMore visible due to markers recognize tilt in AP and Lateral view

CELECT PLATINUM COOK MEDICALwww.cookmedical.com

NAVALIGN DELIVERY:Provides procedural assurance.7-Fr introducer Hemostasis valveRadiopaque tips; decrease the amount of contrast & fluoroscopy time

COOK MEDICALwww.cookmedical.com

CORDIS*

OPTEASE (2000)CORDIS

OPTEASE (2000)CORDISFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2000 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 30Max. Deployed Length (mm): --Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 6Material: NitinolDesign: Double BasketInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral/BrachialRetrieval Approach: Femoral onlyRetrieval Window: 23 days

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OPTEASE (2000)CORDISA 2009 study found a retrieval success rate of 93% but with a mean interval of 11 days. Some studies have suggested a higher rate of IVC thrombosis due to the double-basket design; overall rates range from 0 to 12.5%. The retrieval window as indicated by the manufacturer is relatively short at 23 days.

FDA approved for permanent use in 2002 and retrievable use in 2004.CE marked.

OPTEASE (2000)CORDISRecent Class I RecallDate Recall Initiated: March 29, 2013The recall covered 33,000 units distributed in the United States between 05/06/2010 and 04/02/2013.Reason for Recall: Labeling correction to provide clarification and additional information to minimize likelihood of implanting the filter backwards.

ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUX

ALN VENA CAVA FILTER (1997)ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUXwww.aln2b.com

ALN VENA CAVA FILTER (1997)ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUXFDA Approval / CE Mark: 2008 / 1997 Retrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28 (FDA), 32 (Europe)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 55Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: 316L Stainless SteelDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral/BrachialRetrieval Approach: JugularRetrieval Window: Open

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ALN VENA CAVA FILTER ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUXThe ALN company was founded in 1997 by Alain Nigon3 different approaches for insertion: jugular, brachial and femoralConical filter with 6 short legs to ensure IVC wall fixation and 3 longer, centering legs, to avoid filter tilt.

www.aln2b.com

ALN VENA CAVA FILTER ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUXStainless Steel MRI CompatibleNo welding points No fracturesLoaded in its filter holder and presented in its final spatial form No problems of non-opening of the filter once releasedEasy and safe introductionALN retrieval kit (cone) for retrieval

www.aln2b.com

ALN VENA CAVA FILTER ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUXExtraction Kitwww.aln2b.comFilter Holder

ALN VENA CAVA FILTER ALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUX1999: Started marketing an Extraction Kit, making the ALN IVC filter OptionalMore than 7000retrievals of ALN filters performed No limitations on retrieval windowA 2008 study recorded a retrieval success rate of 99% after a mean interval of 93 daysTo date there are documented retrievals after 40 months afterimplantation

www.aln2b.com

Recently introducedIt can be removed using one of the ALN retrieval kits or using a Snare (jugular approach only)

ALN VENA CAVA FILTER WITH HOOKALN IMPLANTS CHIRUGICAUXwww.aln2b.com

RAFAEL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES

SAFEFLORAFAEL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES

SAFEFLORAFAEL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES FDA Approval / CE Marked: May 2009 (P) / 2004Retrievable / Permanent: RetrievableIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 15-27Max. Deployed Length (mm): Introducer Catheter ID (Fr):Material:Design: Cylindrical?Insertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral Retrieval Approach: Femoral

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SAFEFLORAFAEL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES Designed by Elehanam Bruckheimer.SafeFlo is unique in that it provides an alternative anchoring mechanism to the standard linear "legs and hooks" or "box and hooks" designs of existing filters currently available on the market. CE Mark approval: 2004 (P & R)FDA approval: 2009 (P only)

SAFEFLORAFAEL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES The SafeFlo filter offers the following advantages:Versatility and Control:

The SafeFlo filter can be fully deployed and then collapsed back into its delivery sheath and redeployed in a different position from both the femoral and jugular approaches prior to active detachment from the delivery system.

SAFEFLORAFAEL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES Vessel Friendly:Fixation is by diffuse pressure on the full circumference of the vessel wall provided by the rings of the anchoring platformThe lack of hooks is thought to allow for an extended retrieval window.Sizes: Small (IVC diam. 15-19mm)Medium (IVC diam. 19-22mm)Large (IVC diam. 22-27mm)

ARGON MEDICAL(Rex Medical)

OPTION (2009)ARGON MEDICALwww.argonmedical.com

OPTION (2009)ARGON MEDICALFDA Approval / CE Mark: June 8, 2009 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 32 (30 in USA)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 56.5Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 6.5Material: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/FemoralRetrieval Approach: JugularRetrieval Window: Open (Recommended 175 days)

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OPTION (2009)ARGON MEDICALA 2010 study recorded a retrieval success rate of 92% with mean interval of 67 days. The maximum recommended retrieval window is 175 days.

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OPTION ELITE (2014)ARGON MEDICALwww.argonmedical.com

OPTION ELITE (2014)ARGON MEDICALFDA Approval / CE Mark: January 2014Retrievable / Permanent: Retrievable Indicated IVC Diam. (mm): 32 (30 in USA)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 56.5Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 6.5Material: NitinolDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral (OTW)Retrieval Approach: JugularRetrieval Window:

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OPTION ELITEARGON MEDICALDesigned by Rex MedicalThe first retrievable vena cava filter approved for Over-The-Wire (OTW) DeliveryEnhanced retention anchor patternModified apex for ease of snaringImproved kink resistance and pushability of the low profile (6.5FR OD) delivery sheathSafety: Color-coded filter introduction cartridge

www.argonmedical.com

PERMANENT IVC FILTERS

PERMANENT IVC FILTERSPermanent/Non-retrievable IVC filters.Mainly used in patients who have short life-expectancy (elderly, terminally diseased, untreatable metastatic malignancies, etc.).

SIMON NITINOL (1990)BARD PV

SIMON NITINOL (1990)BARD PVFDA Approval / CE Mark: 1990 / 1998Retrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28Max. Deployed Length (mm): --Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 7Material: NitinolDesign: Bi-level ConicalInsertion Approach: Femoral/Jugular/Antecubital

SIMON NITINOL (1990)BARD PVFirst nitinol filter on the market. It has a similar design to the G2 The main difference is that the upper level is composed of loops of wire rather than struts. It has a good record with low rates of recurrent PE and few major complications.

TRAPEASE (2000)CORDIS

TRAPEASECORDISFDA Approval / CE Marked: 2000 / Retrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 30Max. Deployed Length (mm): --Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 6Material: NitinolDesign: Double basketInsertion Approach: Femoral/ Jugular/Antecubital

TRAPEASECORDISHas a similar design to the OptEaseOne difference is the provision of proximal and distal hooks designed to prevent migration in either the caudal or cephalad directionsIt has a low rate of filter thrombosis.

GIANTURCO-ROEHM BIRD'S NEST FILTER (1982)COOK MEDICAL

GIANTURCO-ROEHM BIRD'S NEST FILTERCOOK MEDICALFDA Approval / CE Marked: 1982 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 40Max. Deployed Length (mm): 80Introducer Catheter ID (Fr): 12Material: 304L Stainless SteelDesign: Varying unique designInsertion Approach: Femoral/Jugular

GIANTURCO-ROEHM BIRD'S NEST FILTERCOOK MEDICALHas a unique design with two V-shaped struts supporting a random tangle of very fine wires. It is made of biocompatible 304L stainless steel which results in marked MR susceptibility artifact.It is the only filter that can be used in megacavas (up to 40mm diameter); made possible by the 60mm span of the struts.

GIANTURCO-ROEHM BIRD'S NEST FILTERCOOK MEDICALPlacement is technically more complex than most filters.The wires may prolapse on insertion and for this reason it should not be placed in a suprarenal location to avoid prolapse into the heart. It requires a 12 F delivery system.

VENA TECH LGM (1982) B. BRAUN

VENA TECH LGM B. BRAUNFDA Approval / CE Marked: 1989 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28 (FDA)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 38Introducer Catheter ID/OD (Fr): 10Material: Phynox, a non-ferromagnetic alloy Design: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral

VENA TECH LP (2001) B. BRAUN

VENA TECH LP B. BRAUNFDA Approval / CE Marked: 2001/ YesRetrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28 (FDA), 35 (CE)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 43Introducer Catheter ID/OD (Fr): 7Material: Phynox, a non-ferromagnetic alloy Design: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral/Brachial

VENA TECH LP B. BRAUNAntecubital Introducer Sheath System:A 96 cm Introducer system allows filter delivery through the right or left antecubital veinIntroducer Sheath remains kink-free up to 55 degree angulationRadiopaque tip is highly visible for accurate placement

TITANIUM GREENFIELD - TGF (1989)BOSTON SCIENTIFIC

TITANIUM GREENFIELD - TGF (1989)BOSTON SCIENTIFICFDA Approval / CE Marked: 1989 / YesRetrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28 (FDA)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 50Introducer Catheter ID/OD (Fr): 12Material: Beta III Titanium Alloy Design: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral

STAINLESS STEEL OTW GREENFIELDSGF (1995) BOSTON SCIENTIFIC

STAINLESS STEEL OTW GREENFIELD-SGF BOSTON SCIENTIFICFDA Approval / CE Marked: 1995/ YesRetrievable / Permanent: PermanentIndicated IVC Diam. (mm): 28 (FDA)Max. Deployed Length (mm): 50Introducer Catheter ID/OD (Fr): 12Material: 316 L Surgical Stainless SteelDesign: ConicalInsertion Approach: Jugular/Femoral

MMPI Drug-Eluting IVC Filters

MMPI Drug-Eluting IVC FiltersThe major causes of filters retrieval failure were intimal overgrowth and severely tilted filter with apex embedded into the caval wall. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in neointimal hyperplasia. It is documented that neointimal hyperplasia can be reduced by inhibiting MMP activity and hence smooth muscle cell migration. MMP inhibitors (MMPI) can potently inhibit the activity of MMPs.

Xiao L., Wang M. MMPI drug-eluting IVC filter decreases adhesion between caval wall and filter. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Mar;65(2):159-61.

MMPI Drug-Eluting IVC FiltersThe hypothesis is that a drug-eluting filters which contains MMPI may inhibit IVC neointimal hyperplasia and decrease the adhesion between vascular wall and filter struts. This may improve the long-term prognosis of venous thromboembolism patients.

Xiao L., Wang M. MMPI drug-eluting IVC filter decreases adhesion between caval wall and filter. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Mar;65(2):159-61.

SUMMARYThere are numerous IVC filters available in the US, European and international markets.All of these filters have gone through studies and trials demonstrating their efficacy in preventing pulmonary embolism with reduced risk of complications.Continued R&D in this area is focusing on producing devices that are easier to deal with by the interventionist and safer for the patients.

iyad.feteih@gmail.com

THANK YOU!

LGMGunther tulip Antheor DILKeeper

6)FCP2002, 7) Mobin-Uddin8) Kimray-Greenfield9) Simon nitinol10) Titanium Greenfield