ixp innovation in ontario: leveraging network peering as value in collaboration oucc2014 april 28,...

IXP Innovation in Ontario: Leveraging Network Peering as Value in Collaboration

OUCC2014April 28, 2014

Michael StudnibergMinistry of Research and

InnovationMinistry of Economic

Development Trade and Employment

Randy LaFramboiseCentre for Smart Community

Innovation (CSCI) University of Windsor

Agenda• Introduction• Background • What is an IXP?• Benefits of Peering• IT Perspective• IXPs in Canada and around the World• IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions• A new IXP in Windsor • Other new IXPs in Ontario

2Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

Government of OntarioE-Business and Entrepreneurship

• Promote the adoption of e-business and access to ultra-fast broadband connectivity by Ontario’s small and medium enterprises.

• Enable them to improve their efficiencies, increase collaboration and market their goods to a global economy.


Government of OntarioBasic Broadband Programs


• Since 2007, Ontario invested $170 million and leveraged more than $300 million of private and federal funding to provide high-speed broadband service of at least 1.5 Megabits per second (Mbps)

• Broadband programs in Ontario:• Rural Connections• Building Broadband in Rural

and Northern Ontario• Eastern Ontario Regional

Network (EORN)• Northwestern Ontario

Broadband Expansion Initiative

• These will all be completed by the end of 2014

Canadian Context – Urban v. Rural


Close to 40% HH in

communities can get 100

Mbps

Close to 100% HH in

communities get over 1.5 Mbps, but

many rural HH rely on cellular.

Rural areas have much

slower speeds.

Source: CRTC Communications Monitoring Report 2013

Broadband Conduit CorridorsPercentage of customer connections that are fibre-to-the-home or fibre-to-the-building


Percentage of fibre connections – June 2013 - OECD broadband statistics [www.oecd.org/sti/ict/broadband]

• Canada ranks 24th on the list at 2%

• Canada is well behind other developed nations such as the USA and the UK

The Role of Government in Telecom

• Encourage and promote competition• Government is a large consumer of telecom services• Telecom infrastructure runs in government-owned

property through rights-of-way• Telecom is regulated by the federal government (CRTC)• Many telcos in Ontario are publically-owned• Broadband is increasingly viewed as an essential service• Government services are increasingly offered online• Government should ensure equitable access to ultra-fast

broadband


Centre for Smart Community Innovation - WEDnet

• WEDnet was created in November 1994 to create a high-speed communications infrastructure in the Windsor-Essex region

• By 1996, a consortium was formed that looked for similar interest in high-speed infrastructure. This was leveraged cooperatively, and today we have 10 Gigabit core throughput to ORION and by extension, CANARIE

• WEDnet is part of Connecting Windsor-Essex (CWE), and the Centre for Smart Community Innovation has been mandated to support the network and its related activities

• WEDnet today is a Regional Advanced Network (RAN) that depends on regional collaboration, both public and private sector, for Intelligent Community initiatives and innovation


CSCI – Communities and Internet

"Intelligent Communities leverage information and communications technology to improve the quality of life of their residents - in the delivery of education, health care and government services."[From http://www1.uwindsor.ca/csci/]

"Cisco defines the Internet of Everything (IoE) as bringing together people, process, data, and things to make networked connections more relevant and valuable than ever before-turning information into actions that create new capabilities, richer experiences, and unprecedented economic opportunity for businesses, individuals, and countries."[From http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/innov/IoE.html]


http://www1.uwindsor.ca/csci/

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/innov/IoE.html


Growth in Canadian Internet Traffic

Sources: 1. CRTC Report: Navigating

Convergence II: Charting Canadian Communications Change and Regulatory Implications. Convergence Policy, Policy Development and Research. August 2011

2. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2012-2017.

1 Petabyte (PB) = 1,000,000 Gigabytes

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20200

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

Year

Dat

a Vo

lum

e (P

B)

23% annual growth

• Exponential growth in traffic will require Ontario’s telcos to make on-going capital investments

What is an Internet Exchange Point?

• Neutral facility where multiple organizations can inter-connect their networks through a central switching fabric

• Share data with each other without using the public Internet• Directly sharing data is called ‘peering’• Peering is the alternative to ‘transit’


Who Peers at an IXP?

• Historically, most peers were ISPs or RANs• Now:

• digital media firms, broadcasters, software development companies including gaming companies, web hosting firms, content delivery networks, large enterprises, public sector organizations, and many more!


How Transit Works

13

ISP

ISP

Internet

$Small

Company

LargeEnterprise

Website Hosting

Company

$

$

$

$

All organizations

are in the same

city/region

Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

How Transit Works

14

Internet

$Small

Company

LargeEnterprise

Website Hosting

Company

$

$

$

$ISP

ISP


How Transit Works

• Traffic may go through other cities or even other countries

• Slow• Expensive

• You pay your ISP• Your ISP pays another ISP for access to the

global Internet• Shouldn’t local traffic stay local?


How Peering Works

16

IXP

Internet

$Small

Company

LargeEnterprise

Website Hosting

Company

$

$

$

$ISP

ISP


How Peering Works

• You join the IXP as a member and lease a circuit into the IXP facility

• You set up peering agreements with other members (bilateral agreements)

• Traffic destined for other peers goes through the IXP instead of the Internet


Peering vs Transit

• By peering, you lower the volume of traffic you send to the Internet via your ISP

• Your connection to the IXP is a fixed cost• You don’t pay the other members to peer

18

Small Company ISP

IXPMinistry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

Peering vs Transit

• The goal is to peer sufficient traffic such that the savings realized from peering are greater than the cost of IXP membership

19

Small Company ISP


Benefits of Peering

• Improved quality of service• Packets arrive at their destination faster• Less chance of encountering congested links

on the Internet• Important for streaming HD video and other

real-time services• Local Google, Akamai, Netflix caches


Benefits of Peering

• Redundancy


Source:

Benefits of Peering

• Redundancy



Benefits of Peering

Source: PCH for CIRA (2012) Toward Efficiencies in Canadian Internet Traffic Exchange

Benefits of Peering

• Transit group buying• Peers can band together to buy transit in bulk• Better transit unit price• Attract new ISPs to the city/region• Expected savings can be up to 50%

24

Source: Stanojevic, R, Castro, I, Gorinsky, S, CIPT: Using Tuangou to Reduce IP Transit Costs, ACM CoNext 2011, December 2011.


Benefits of Peering

• Economic development perspectives• Companies lower their operational expenses

• Re-invest into expansion and new employees• Attract new companies to the region• Bolster city’s reputation


IT Perspective

26

ISP 1’s PR ISP 2’s PR

ISP 3’s PR ISP 4’s PR

Ethernet switch

ISP 1

ISP 4ISP 3

ISP 2


IT Perspective

• Simple layer 2 architecture• Ethernet

• Though ATM, frame relay, etc., IXPs do exist• Layer 3 IXPs exist (router-centric)

• More work to setup and run• More expensive• More typical in for-profit ‘American model’ IXPs


• Redundancy• Double up everything, especially the switch!

IT Perspective

2828

ISP 1’s PRs ISP 2’s PRs


Ethernet switches


• Value-added services• Attract new peers, improve business case

IT Perspective

2929



Ethernet switches

DNSNTPetc.


IXPs around the World

30

Source: TeleGeography’s Internet Exchange Map: http://www.internetexchangemap.com/


IXPs around the World

• There are approximately 400 exchange points around the world

• Top 3:

31

Frankfurt600+ peers3,400 Gbps peak

Amsterdam650 peers2,700 Gbps peak

London515 peers2,000 Gbps peak


IXPs in Canada

• There are eight IXPs in Canada• Five are not-for-profit entities

32

Toronto100+ peers146 Gbps peak

Ottawa12 peers900 Mbps daily max


IXPs in Canada

• Three new IXPs have launched in the last year!

33

Winnipeg

YYCIXCalgary Montréal



IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions

• Internationally, IXPs have a long association with colleges and universities• This is not as common in North America

• Peering and research opportunities• Bring the world "closer", while bringing local resources closer

• Opportunities for the next generation of Internet leaders • The "Internet of Everything" means the participation of

everyone to truly succeed• Post-secondary institutions bring together new ideas with

exposure to what is working now


• Vienna Internet Exchange (VIX)• Provided and operated by the University of Vienna,

Austria• Redundant dual sites• The VIX Network Operations Center service is

exclusively provided by staff members of the University of Vienna Computer Center

• Norwegian Internet Exchange (NIX)• Owned and operated by the Centre for Information

Technology Services, University of Oslo



• Hong Kong Internet Exchange (HKIX)• Founded in 1995 by the Information Technology

Services Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong

• Its aim is to keep all HK’s traffic in HK• Singapore Open Exchange (SOX)

• Hosted by the National University of Singapore



• Malawi Internet Exchange (MIX)• Hosted at College of Medicine, University of Malawi• Malawi Internet Service Providers' Association

operates the IXP• The University was one of three co-founders


A New IXP in Windsor• MEDTE/MRI has been working with Windsor’s

CSCI• Windsor is a suitable location for a new IXP

• Windsor is a designated Intelligent Community (2011) by the Intelligent Community Forum

• Most of Windsor’s Internet traffic must travel through Toronto, even if its destination is also in Windsor

• Transit in the region is expensive compared to other urban areas• The region is transitioning away from its traditional manufacturing-

sector past


A New IXP in Windsor• An IXP in the Windsor-Essex region is the next logical

step in enabling enhanced communication and participating in a global economy.

• The "Internet of Everything" involves the participation of everybody.

• The two quotes from earlier have this in common...quality of life, collaboration, improving economic circumstance and services. But the only way it starts is by communication...and by having the framework to achieve it...

• Who should be involved? Anybody who leverages the Internet to do business!


A New IXP in Windsor• Presented to CWE board of directors and won

approval to proceed• Support from the local technology accelerator,

WEtech Alliance, a member of the ONE, and from the Windsor-Essex Small Business Centre

• Currently focused on raising awareness, outreach to industry, and securing funding for marketing and capital expenses



Draft for Discussion 41

Current & Potential Internet Exchange Points in OntarioFOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY

OTTIXOttawa

TORIXToronto

Sudbury-North Bay

To ChicagoTo

New York

London-Waterloo

St Catharines

Kingston

Orillia-Barrie

To Thunder

Bay

Windsor

QIXMontreal

Thank you!

Michael StudnibergSenior Analyst EngineerGovernment of Ontario(416) [email protected]

Randy LaFramboiseNetwork and Systems SpecialistCentre for Smart Community Innovation (CSCI) - ITSUniversity of [email protected]


ixp innovation in ontario: leveraging network peering as value in collaboration oucc2014 april 28,...

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