j - washington · received washington state supreme court _.- mar 2 7 2015 ~ c9f ronald r....

69
Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 27 2015 C9f Ronald R. Carpenter -"'< C /V q_ / 'I d.. CJerk 0' ----._) u ?R t: M E. __ a u -r o . Cou 1<./ o,= A YJ/ -1/-]l: t: ME. C 001<.. I OF THJZ 5-rAI;E or- \J A:SH;;VGtlof\1 7< fC:5 Po/11 D I:C.f\1 7 v G£oFFRICY J?. )_AvJoo;v J BY: 'fFRtt..'/K. ?R-o /).X. -tt 33 'i 'i /-lrc,G.H7S WrtsR.. PC< 'Box c;Lo'-{9 . _ AJRWA'f H£JGHr5 1 t/A

Upload: others

Post on 19-May-2020

6 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

Received Washington State Supreme Court

_.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter

-"'< C /V q_ / 'I d.. CJerk 0' ----._) u ?R t: M E. __ a u ~ -r o . ___,_'---J_r......;o<""----~--=o'-----

Cou 1<./ o,= A ?PEA~S 1\/o~ ~1/7 YJ/ -1/-]l:

-~ u?~ t: ME. C 001<.. I

OF THJZ 5-rAI;E or- \J A:SH;;VGtlof\1

7< fC:5 Po/11 D I:C.f\1 7

v G£oFFRICY J?. )_AvJoo;v J

BY: C,~t-o 'fFRtt..'/K. ~Av.Jso,J; ?R-o :5~ /).X. -tt 33 'i 'i d-~ A'~WA'f /-lrc,G.H7S GR.R~C.TJoJ-Js WrtsR.. PC< 'Box c;Lo'-{9 . _

AJRWA'f H£JGHr51t/A 9900/-;}£)1{~

Page 2: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

A. IN TR 0 DUG T I 0 ;/#I • p • ~ • .. •• j_

B. -.J_ v ic.N -r 1 TY a F Pre -r' -r 1 a ;v ;c. R ., 11 ... 3

C • CouR -r oF· A P Pk.A t..,'5 })1cCl51 01-..J. ~~ , 3

0. I:ssu£5~R8:5~~~nc.D, ~ 4 41 ~ ~ .. 3

, 5 r A 71~ I'll ic/\l r oF T;-J ~~ C A 0 t;: " ~~ ~ • Cf

. :5 uM MARY or:: TJ-JE: ARc; UM ~/\II.,.~ 15 G, /i RG uM E tJ T, • a • ~ A • D ~ ~ 1 S

. c 0 AI C /.__U :5 I 0 AI , ~ e "' .. • "' • ~ d_ {g

• I

Page 3: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

~..1.-...1...-J.~~~~~~~~ 3'1 Ce us. lv

~~;;..L...!.L.!.J.......____~~""-t..:> I 3 3 :5 p C r ;;J a 7 tr) ,;;;;.2 ~ a /9

~-'-++-L~'--1--~~ I ;;J 7 };Jv A P P. I ::2 5) J 3 7 . /~

~-'-4--1-~~~...........L-.· ) I~ ? ~j N :1J 91) 9 (., CJ7

.,.__,.:::...~~~~~~-~7 I 31 \/Jiv ;J cJ J! & d.) lJ & 9 83

. ~ - - i) 4t' 1JN APP~ 5~3) 539 (U)v.3 JCJg?) ..... If 'd4J;l5

f'--oo'-'---'-'-L.~~~=-) J 3 7 tJ H A p p ~ '1 J D ( 7) J v. ;)_

~ . II

Page 4: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

~~ ~) ??83 /{,

(DJv. i ()._oo'j). ~ ~ 0 '-1 /'If IN'N APP. 910 <J/7

Oll-J

D1 v. 3 fC1 ?8) •• -=~ J 9 0 l.J NAP?. 7 d-01 7a5

)CJ

/0/lJN'dd 5~Le)517 '7

E J/11 ~)1\/~d <jl~ 111 CJ3

(pill·; /'793 ). ~ .~ ?a JdN' AFP. d"'~~ ;;;.c;r

6- - ;, (,;wos) • •• - 153 l-JN d.d 705-' Jd.O ;;)3

' . . Ill

Page 5: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

U5

A'R-11 c~FC.. j oic:crto;v 3, . ;

A R TJc_J.Jt. .. :!.. 0 tc .. e-rto 1v 5 • , .

ARIJCJ..-~ j c5£C//Ot'-./ j;;(_ I ~ p

A R -r ;c.~~ 1 S1ce--r to AI ~.;z , • (;'

R c \AI <j ( q J ' () I 0 ~ c. •

R c_ \J CJ A . ;;;. '?. o a o . .. ~

7A.44,//5. 4 ~

c w g /\ I 5 J_/ ~ T. :5 JC 9 ~ , " ~

C\J A/9, (;;0, OLJO , ~ «

I

/V

5

Page 6: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

£A IJOL/ (b) I f •

R PC 3, 3 -41 ~ #

\;)AtJff//'fG,(o/\1 AAvv.SJ /975. j0T Ex. 51665., Cfl~ :J& 0) PAG IE. g'3 '1 , .. C> 023

v

Page 7: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

TH;:s CA6£ CiEA/T£RS o/-1 r;-J;;:. 1-Ac.r

11-/AT P£/!TIDAI£1{ ~A\N'oo!V' £/1//£7<.£0 AND

£X/!£D \N'O/V'I EN~ RE:5TJ?OOJV'l5 CJ;y 71-1?..££. (3) ;5EPAT<.ATIC AND DI5/JNCI OCCA5!DI'/5, , /;--;1.5 .J o;= C:au t<-5£. J ;:5 T/7£ ((£"--£ PNAI'I-r 11¥'

!fl£ RooM J):

'})o£ s A M/'\J...JC.. oR F £/V\~k.IC:. )s Em.~ANCff.. AND/

()R 'PK.ES~AIC~ /AI A pu~Ek..'f ruoL.IC. Kt..STR-00/v'\

OF THE. OP?o~JIIC 01~-X /ES!IH?:>l-1~/H A CI<JN\tc..

OK !HC J3A-515 or:: A CRI M/ Nit'-- C HAi<--C,fC. j.i=

TH 1-\ -r -p,f.R.Sor/).5 5TA7u5 A 5 A M£1"\~ic.IZ ot: rttlC.

P UOL. It.- I-lA 5 /Y'IC \I£ K. 13£ic/'l J?£v D A if- D J)JC.SP 1 /fC.

A 1'1 Y /IV !e£?- 1~1--l Ctc 5 or:- W'R O;v C-. Do 1 ;._f G, CJ 1<..

A 7TtE fV\ p -r tc. 0 \AIR. oN {:., D o u--i G,

-,- ~-

/ 1!-Jii OrArr£ CA..R-A'f.."-.'1 f3£LJ~IVJEv)/.HA/ A-A w :5o;-../ 11J ,AS bU JJ. ... Iy o ,-:::: VOY,E"UR.J5/VI AAI D

A-rTk./'1\ ?-JICD VO'flE-DRl:Sf\1\.J AN'D /HA/):5 vJHiCR.ff..

I r 5HOU ;_,o ;-JAvi~ /C/'-IDIC.p.

_L -:vsr £AD J /J-/;c 5 IA712 £).._;~ \1 A lie o Hl:5

A /..._l.__iZ.C, £ D AC/.:5 0 F v Q y £0 .\(__15M AAl 0 A 7/£M ?11~1)

v o Y R u ~ • s M -r o :Bu ~ct. M R Y,; 11-1 IE -r._ fc 5 'Y CJ P iz. AJ 1 AI (}..,

cc PA .N o oR A \s D o"X ) ) tJ F A B.s u12. D 1 TY A N o OPENING TH£ DOOK TO AR'BITRARY F-NFO~C..JcMfi.NT OF TH£ l3u'"KG.L.A'KY -:5/ATUI.K.

/Hitr \NOUJ...."D /Ziv£VA712 £V!C'J.Y CR-JM ~ O'K.

\..... AN!'!CI ?Aro-i<-Y CRI/V\ E. CoMM ITT!Et:J IN' A pust...JC 8U11-DJAIG -ro A 8URC..,J..Af-Y;; -rHu5

0..-·

Page 8: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

vJ;E;E P;.N c; 1/\lro eo/'/5.71 ru-r;o/'1 AlJ... Y Pi<. or£c/£D {}_o;Vouc-r, I Hl5 ;sAN ,;S'SP£CJAt..) . ._y S L. J P? E R 'i" LJ L-.0 P E,

~£. CJV£i<.REACHII'IC. £Xi:;JAAI:510N AS A PPL.J £f) ro TJ-/1.5 CAZ5e CA.ZA.-5 ;N'7D

CJ U£:s·r;o,A/ THE C!.ON5 /J rurJo;..JAJJ T'l oF i3uiH

/HIE. :l3Ui<Gt.J+Ry· :5/ATUT/C AND VOY!EURIS!Vl

6/A rur£;

A DDJ/1 o/11 AJ..~·Y") TrJ£ &u x_-r or: AP?ICAiv5

VJotvA/ICD P£r;r;o;v/CR.)5 :RIGH-r ro -oJT<Iec-r

A P PEA 1-..... BY R U iC Cli /'/' c, /-II ;5 :5 v P P J.... ic /VI teN -rA A..-

5AG,J A Co/'.1//.A!UAT!oi"'J t.NHJCH NonF;£r~ ;ttl~ ouP-T oF IH£ AIATURfE A/1/'D OCC--Ui<.l\.iC.;VCJE or­

THo~£. ;:;suES J])iC.AiT;i=-;;Eo ;./\1 Hl5 ?I<JMA R.Y 6 A c'J J/1/ I TH 0 (.) r \,A/ ff I c. 1:1 D J K iC-C T R iC. v J It \/j I;/ A 5

) 1'1 co JV1. PL.. E T£. ..

/ HtZ ;V\AJOf<..ll'( OF /If/C. Cour<--r aF4PPI~AJ..5 t=F 1 RM ED ~A v./.:5o;V?:s c::5;x CoNv tC!Io/\15 A!VD

£/II IE ,N C1-c. /-1 0'--DIN'~ 7J-1 A I [( V OY IE URIS fV1 I 5

A CRJM lc AGA 11'1.51 A PiC?...Sorl AND 77-JAT ~'Ut-J-ICI R-I'IT ~ V J DFiNCic. :5 UPPO R.l$ /HIE

BuR G,h.A R Y AN o v a '( £ uR 1:5 IV\ co"' v 1 c--r 1 oN' 5., ))

7Ht.5 CouJ<.T 6HOULD aRANT J<.iCVJ£vJ 23£CAu5E !HE Cou~<.r ot= A PPIEA0 ERK.IcD /N Rf:JtEC!Jr./~ PETJ/10/\IJC 1<...).5 5UPPJ.-..R.fV\EN/A-L

6'Ac, \f,ot..lt7/N~ Hts l<.JthH' rootRiCcr APPJcA~ To C.L..ARI FY TH£ CDt.fsnrv-r/oAIAt-- qu£5-r;oAIS

-;;2-

Page 9: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

B~ L)RNTt rY a F H.z-, rtoNF"K..

Gea;=-J-R.t:::.Y Ko B£R.T ).___AvJ:5DN) :5 R..7 'R~5 PK.CIFUl--..kY ASKS 77115/-/~ol?...ABLIE.Gou;z .. -r

To ACCJEP! J<.iCv J~'vl OF- THIE VJVJ51oNX

COURT oF= 14PPJ=c_At..5 D£Ct5J o;._f AFFJI<.JVlJAic~ ~ ~~

TJ-hc WNVIC//ON 7)/C.SI~NAI£0 IN /--'AR.T C 0 F TI-l 1 S ? £II rIo ;J.

7H li. 7), v 1 s; o /v X Cou ;<- 1 {);-=. A PP tA 0

AFFif!..M rco ~E CoAlY JC/Jo/'1' oF ?£/J/;o/1/IER.

G£o~J=i<. I(.Y 'f)ol>FcR:-r /.._A-woo;v; JJ<, o-N DICCEM5€K.

301 d-oJ'-1~ A C:oPY oi= 77-IIE. DIEGISJo/\1 /S /Jv Trl£ A PP £1'1 j:;)J X AT PAG /CS AJ ~ A3Jf'

\J /Tj P£71 T!O/JicR.. )_Av../6otv):5 Sxr& jl-L.t...:..!..J~~~-1..:1.· ..J.. AN o Aer;cb '' 1 ,c;,~co od d;J ~ IGJ-IT -ro DrR£c/ APPEA~ vto~A-r£D VvHIC;,.J THE

\..... (.) u ?- -r Oi=- A p p ~AI-5 F'-J £ RC (2__1.'-y R ~J £CI /C. D II I :5

uP P J..Jc ,vl EN' TA-L c5 A~ .

-3-

Page 10: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

\~H/cRJ;:: mrc c.SrAT;E.. CI-JARGtc o PET; r,o h/ £R... v../ 1T1-1 /=i~<.s T Al'lo :5£col'lo D£G;z,-c,~ E U'F..~ J...A?-.. y ?JZ f£_ u I CA //EO ()AI v 0 YIC Rl :5 ;yt A P/0

ECJUAUY A7TJ£1V\P/!CO VOY~Ufl-l5JV\ :.

L THIC. )~S/1//\Ic;ro/\1' 3rAr£ 23ui(.G>J..ARY :5TATunz) XCkl 'lA, 5~ ... leT :JfCc;, OV!~K.BR.OA-P AND v 0 I D )- 0 R v A b L) iC N' li:.5 5

;;{. c ArJ 'j3 uRGzUR" l3K. ?~iCD lCA/If.D 0 N A P£'(2..~oA}~ AkJ...iCC!--dcD U;JI.._AvJFu~ r/{£SicA/Ck /N

A (lpURic..~-..'i :PUoL....l c;) 'l;uJJ.-._D;.,vc, 7J£t-//'l£o AS

.5UC-H p'{ 01AIUIE ]jC)J /}0, lf.e 0. 0,;2.0 AP/0

]C \J 1/9 le f) I 0"/ () IF /-:11.5 OR H£iZ 5/ATUS

A5 A JV\i.MB£~ oi::;; THE. CL?uo~.._.~c.:__)) HAs A!.£1!£~ 13£re,J R£vo I< ED Co;v-r !<1\f.-y -ro ]SCJ6/ 9. 9/. OJ 0

3. c AAI 13 U'"RC::,£...A'K'I J3;f.. '?RitDl CA T'lc D O;J

Vo'/£U!--.ISM J3C. rJ CJA. 44. 115 As AL(C.RJMR.

AC-,AIN0T A ?£l<-.'{)ON ))

Jf. cAN. 'B u~C~lA R. y 23£. J>R E. D 1 C A TIED C'J 1.../

Arr£MP71E:(~ \loY rc:u~l sM uNo ~R.. BC.\AI 9A, d r. t?JO A.S A c(C1<./M E.. AG.AIN6T A ?£/<:50/\1 ))

AAI 0 \AI 1-l £ R..fi... /1-I/E'R..k:_ /:) /\10 C( \1 I c. Tl M ))

(oR P~R:SO!'i) TO £STA13L...I~H A Ul'fjT CJF

Pt<. 0 5 E C.UII 01-.f

Page 11: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

-AS APPA.../ JZ.D TO 'PET;riO/V£1<.)5 CAr.S€ AND Do£ 5 IT V;uA.-ATE 'DUIC. ?ROCtS3

A!VP ~=c;uA~.v PRDTECTiolll UlvDrcR. nf£ L ![!vB rE£AIUI A.MEN'Dtv'l FAIT; or= f/-1£!) :J, o/\16 T1 rurJOJ..J AND ABrJCb tF 1 t5£CD;)_,;v(;)

3 AAio /0< o;= TH£ ;:5rAr£ CoA/:5/;rur;[)/'1

~, l:Jo£_.5 rfl£ 8uK.ct...A~Y S;i4rur~;:;. cfW££? INTO C!OI'I6TIIU770ivAUY 1--;:;ROTECT;=i)

(2o IV D uc I I AI VI 0 A.-A /10 ;J 0 ;=: TJ-1/E. £R5 T.

AAio FouRy/CF'Nn-J AJV1~NDJVtrc.Nr:5 OF

THE. 'U.5. Co;V5/JTUTJu;J AAID . .Ar<.-riC:."-E 1 >"'JFC.·rtocJ 5 OF T;-IIC c57AI£ CoN'5rrrur;o;J AN() ,Z£ Av' IE o -p ~AI A'?. B liRA R 'I £.N;=oRCtc.MfEN7

'1. Is TJ-IIf. )JMH/'Js.c.ro/J 5rAr!E. Vo'( £uP-. tSM 5TAIU /jc J CJI\1 ,9A. 1/tf. II?_ A ~RUV\Jc AC-.AuJjT A Plc?-.5o;\)

d. I::s /HrE. l/av £ur-.tsM c5TA !u-r,c_

--- I

o V£R 'BRC2/HJ AA/o \/0/ D t- DR VAUf., /EA/!CSS ;r- IHtE P£1<-SON \/J;r:vJ;Ev IS !=Uf...A-Y C/.JJrH£DJ

I /J A p u 13 ~ J c p ;.._A c. I~ A 1\1 D 0 N /.._ y v J E WIS I) //v /HIE.tR. !E-Y£.5 /3RJEFI....Y,

Vo£5 /;-liE_ Vof£U~l5JV\ 'Oit'rTu//C.

VI 0 ).,_ A I£. .£ CJ U A J..... ?R o /tC. C I I o ;J A5 A P? t... J E 0 To PIEIITtoNIE.A )s C-A5lf_

·-5-

Page 12: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

\A I H £ R.f. p £II /10 N /£ R J 5 T;?) At...... w A 5

CoM ?~~'X A f\1 0 /\1 U AN CAE D J C 0 U f\1 :5 iC 1.... W A 5

IN£F~£cr1 v£. /4;ND p;c_/1/IO/vJC..K.. Ec;u,voc,AAA-'f ;SJ...JC. .. CI£o ro PRocAc/t..D PRo c5f..:

~ A:s P£/1 T!DNIG~ /~.AIIJ/A.-lED TD

D J FF !E'RIEAII C!-O.N F~l C ,-- .F R if../2 Co UN :5£ t....

wAS PIE IJTIO/'IJ~f<.. /CNTI /J ... IZ...O /o /If£

5AME. KE.50u~~C.-1~5 A5 PROF£S5Jod!+L

W u 1'/ 6 £ t.._ /./1/ \AI J-1 1 eH To ~DE F tEN D .A GA I IV S T

A ~-._1F£ S£Aii£NC£ V£:SPJI£ B;C"I/"10

I AI C A 'R C it.:¥-A /tED ,4 .5 A ? R. £.-Tx I A '-'--1) t/AJ!'I!C-£

V 1 o p;r., -rt r; OJ-.! 1E JZ H AV£ A CotJr5r;!UT/(xvA~ R) c. HI ro 1 r~-r .£Rvt £ w A6.4. W;rAJ£.5:5Jc s

7RIOR ·;o -rR 1 AL..... AA/J) NOT A .:5/c.J....JtC..I a ~ FR. w DUIC TO 73 UT> C-,£-1 A¥...'/ c 0/·i 5/?-.AI/11 15

J./. LJ As P £1111 ol'l IC R.. 15 /--lzt> r A No

S, ><TH A MEND M ,;: "'T J? /61-1/5 UJvDE.."R. Til£

U. ::J. Cort67 1/U/tuA/ AAID .. -lLR .. Tt tJ...t 1 ,.:.) f C L I <2 rJ cA ~ 6 F /1--/ ;'f_ tJ A-.5 J-J I IV' C., I 0 tV" 5r A TtE..

Co"' 6 r 1 -r u r1 o 1v v 1 o "- 4 1 ,e.. o

-l_o-

Page 13: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

i~ B ~lAs 'PE!JTJDJv£r.. £;vTJI~Eo ro A /A.i... OF PAR(!CU l..-A~j /N TH!5 /'v1UJ...{!?A-Ic.

AC:r5 AlvD Ak-!ERNA7tv£ Mf2AN5 C.ASit..

'''}) \;)AS PICIITIONlfR.. £NT/Tt-IED To A r£1/{JCH IN'Sr~UC{JON AND JuR'(

!;iN AN 1 f'/1 1 rv ?u K-5 u Al'/r ro ,SrA r,;: 11

£TRtctt1

/{)J \;);v' ;;>J 5{,1_;;) 577 (/9f~)

\1\/J-J IS Rfi. Til£, ::) TA T£ ~ H A RGt ED

p,~1JTIONtc~ W!T~-A~AUk.:r AS,AN £A-E/'11£NI L 01- 1-/ 7<5r UteG!<JT:-tc /:5uRG.L.fi 12.. Y ~

····~-

I WA5 PJS-r; r;o;v;:c;R.. E/'ITJTivkf:J ro A

0 ~LF- D R.l=£ /V5/C. /NS!l<UC-/ID/V

;;;, D, o TH£ 5r~trtE 6;-;;Fr rH£ 1Jux1~1~N' OF PJ<Oot=- ro jJJEIJ//ON £f<.. \Airl£/'-1 /filE,

{!___ouR. I Fa TZBA DIE /_A wso 1'-1 FRO 1'1 A RG U I 1'-1~ .:5 iCt.. F- DI~FENS JE..

p/J) TilE c5rAr£ EN'GAC..,t~ IN

PRDSitCrJTO~I At...- MISCD;J DUCt \;/HEN I 7:

\/, OA,A /£0 ,!?PC 3,3 (q) (t) AND (hi)

-7-

Page 14: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

-BY (JJ//Y'I£f..F;~RI/'J(h Wllrl AND/Ot<.

1<£Fu:5JtJGt -ro PRoVJDiZ. oK. FACit..ITA/1.:

,{_A v/.5 oNJ:5 /NT£ R. VI It W.:5 WITH S o.NI I~ 5 TAT1c )..s \tJt7iV£ss;Es) A No (a) PP--ov 1 DIED

FA~1c /NFoR.tvl 1\TtoAI ·ro Trl£ couR -r W H ICI'I .AS KR D A t)o ur IT

/(~ o w //\1 c-./.... Y jJ i< o VI D It D FA J.....j £ /+ Nl)

U /\1 C.D R.Ro oo\Vt7/C:D 'IOtf (b) ICVIDI:C/\ICE.. J

TH€ ON'"-Y £VtDRf\lc,c_ or- A 5/CXuA-L.... /VA7UR.l~ ?R.tc-SFCA//iEP.J AND FAJ~J-.::.0 OR. K fC_ i~- u 5 IC. 0 I T 5 p u T y / {) c {) R R it. c._ T T t-f I~ R rc,c_o R u

l.. 3, )1Ao fZ. /VIATRRIA-h, ~ljf5TA/~;\1JcN'/5 P URI NC-, Civ05//\IG A R@.. Ui\1\ EN IS ro /Z;o J.._:JT If- R. /HAT £ v ;;::; £/l/C.iE J A 1\1 oN'c~ orri£R

/HINC.;S

w H~R~ P£/lltor.f/CJ<. R [Cfi..l\fic .. 0 A

:5/cN 7' k.r..~ ere. ,12/'1 1-l AN'C EMI~Nt 0 N £ ACH- or~

!1-lti: 13uRG.L-.A~Y CoA/V JC..!IO;~JS :

\1\1 ,fj(.£. TI-1/L J u R.Y /,r./ZSTK..UC!/0/V s 1 /Vl P1<-o? feR.. 1 AI co /1..// A 1 AI 1 /'..;c.., i= At.... :51?:-

//'It=-oR IV\ Art o/\1 J? R. LA I tEo -ro (( v 1 c. r1 1vt

?RrcSitAJ -r)) Ar-../0 t(/N\/AS!Orl o;: Pi<_,vAcX))

A-No ~ u~y AA/5\/JJ~RiE 'D /A/ /HIE A FFJRMAII VIE.

-~-

Page 15: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

\;/HR/~E 'PE/17/0NJ2~ RRC-EIVE.D AtJ IND£1"£1<.JVIJI'IA71E )__IF£ c5;EI'//£/'JC;c:

L-JAs ,...(A w.o oN >s cY FF £ r1 o lc.~ .5L.oR.t...

/M'PR.o7£f<..~Y 'bA5fcD o/'1 Co/'ISJDISRA-rtoAI OF Two (;;;) ?R 1 o\<... CON V tC I 10!VS TH A 7

W!ERIE U/'JCOf\/5/ITU"TIONAI...... 0/'1 /1-/IEII?...

'A fC.SP~c/1 v 1E FA crc:

~. \;)AS /-115 5£/'J/IC-/'-fC!i. J3ASJ72 D OJ-I /1-/ tc IvA vJ AAIO FAC-7 S oF /J-115 C Ao E.

V f\/ Co!'/ :5/t/U T lOA! AL...... A!VD CJ-... £A "J<.J..._y lc XCF--SS-1 VfE.

lA/As p JEJ" tlto/\1 ;-c: R '.s TR 1 A 1..... 5o 1<it. pl-.., 1-:c. -r1:; W 1/1--l (2 O;v S!IIU Tl o,~J A'-)

PR oc.r:c.. pu RA'L Atfo PK- ~Ju n} c; AL..... IC RR.oR.s r ;-/A T I r 1? iE.N iJ /c R I"E D Tl-ltc k AI T I R f2 TK. I A L.. PRo e it:SS Fu 1'1 DAM fU\1 r A J.j ... y ul'l ;::A 1 R .

£ s.::STAr£Mt=NT oF Ttt£. CAs&.

IH/j CASE BEChAAI lN' HJ!.AI P£1/TIOA/£1<..

LA/AS (!..J-IARG.FC-o BY 5·EcoNo A!Vli~:./\IDRJ=>

\...... /NFOR../V\A/ION \A/JT/-1 Ci<.JME-5 RiEM-r£0 /0

/1-IR.iSE l.3) 5JEPA RA/te AAID VJ5TJ;VC/ £Vf2/\ITS

- q-

Page 16: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

77-1 AI \;J !CRf2 AA..f.__ Ti( Jlc D /QG, IS THICK t, (J) MAy 171 d-OI~j (.J) J ul'!lf. :11 d-OJ;;<.; AAio J utJ/c 191 d-Oidv AFTJ~R jV\ (}T/ON l-iND J-1£ARJN<::;) /H£ TJ..IA~ C-ouR-r Rlc.Fu:5£o lor.5£..JicR 77-/IE.Cou!Vr.s,

( RP I 1-IJ/-.J.OJ:;;.) 51., -f..<; g) ' I H/E K V£ J-/15 A R~ S u MIV\ A'?..l'Z.. rc_ o A .s FOi.j._O vJ 5 :

£AwSol'l !CN/12-K.fc>:> /HR. Pur<JCJ.....Y PUB!....JC

1-fDSPI!AJ.... Trli?..Ot..;bH 1 rs Pv 5;.___1 c ,{oADJI\IG;

Dock /H£/11 P~oc~~O~D J VJA ?Uol....JCACC-1~55 TO

"-(1-IR. IV\ AlA/ A.O(;B'( AND pu6J-..1 C /<.iCSTR.00/1/\S 14

fvAw:5o;v TJ-11ZA/ EI-/7/C.Rl~D AND /Z)/.17£.0 Tt-l£

Puf.. f_J ..... Y PL) oi._; c .i.A Pi£.:5 1

ftl\1 o MFC.II/>5 RooMs

5R.-v £f-Ai-._ It tV' .cs ovR- R Tt-t!C couR..S E OF APfwXJIVI-1-1£/.... y Fou K (t.j) 1-fouR..S /N Pt..AJAI VJ!CW Of: THIC ?UBLjC

A!Vo T!+!E. Jtosrp;r!tt.._).5 //..///CR.NA'-6 £Cu~rTY CAN\ £-RA5. 7 Jf£Rif.. WA5 N PVRJN'~ Ti-lt5 /NC-1 D;~/'11 (r~M PH A:515 ADD£DJ 7?P C). J-;;;.1 d-013; 5~0 Ar.;;23} ('J<? ;< /-J~-11_; 9-013; /Sf! Ex.; ~~), Alv'D ,IV)~' 'RoN' 1>vR~\45 J TH£ JAAl rroR.. THAT £;V Co u."-1 '/£RE-D I._Aw joN .A~ . .SO /5N7RvZ 1c 0

THIC /__APJ £5 I RooM Al'lo 1<.rcMAJI'I reo FOR. A

5JG.NJFJC-ArJ!/1Mic. 'PE{<..\0 \) PUI<.PDR./JNC. T_Q

~~v~A"' (R? ;( /-J1-d-oJ3) 335 A'~; 7<?~ __ /-17-"'0/.3;-:t,~ct ~Xi-IJ8;rd.f.o DVD5-J7-J.)_)

BAi,ALfS AND ,;\/o&..tc- JL>/1/R. ~1 ClOI ~-

-._f.Q-

Page 17: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

p u R.f(J._ y p u 'l>L...J c.. j_ AD) if_ 5 I i<. 0 D ;V\ 0/v'C.Jf..] TH /G.

Ou?--.A-rto,-J oF 'WHJC/-i VIAS A?P?-oXiMAr£t..Y 3 ,III\J/'/UTk..5 (J<~;;z j-j~--17J Sl0/3J JS8' ~Xfi;J.3JT ;;<;( PVD {;-~-};; . .) \~-11z1~ ~Av,/50N WAS ,/IV.SJDi;_

THE 6otLL. >/A/.5/D E. THI;: R£.5Tf<OOM AIVO

STAAio;/\IG. A r 1-1 ;s FULJ.,_ .H£ 1 a H -r c; 1= At../Vl o0 r uJ}((~) 1=££/ :5/X(~) /NCI-It~S) _.(AW.50A/ f\t1AD£ ((JCYIC Co;-1/AGrl) wrr-J-1 TrfE At..i..-EGED VIG/JAfl

J3 Jf.- FO'K.tC. Cj U I Gt< L Y {(D UC KJ~-.J C21 )) l3JCJ-1 1/11 D /1-IIC.

.51 Ai...l.._ DooR..

·7 ;£ A I....LR.G,i~.() VIC II ;vl 7) J D N 0 r N D /;Cit:.

AIYYTHING-1 ovr oF IHIC o?...D;!VAF-i lN'H/Jv£ US;,!'/~

Tl-iiE. Rk.STi<.OOfV\ ANo WA.:i 1.N THrc PVBl-1C i\R1~A

01~ 11-/£ R£Sri<.oo MJ AFI!C R. /-lAVlN~ WA6Ht~D H£!< HA;JOS.J '\/\1;-IIC;V 71-1/c ((I~YE CoN'IACT'J) OCCUR£ D

AIVo :5H£. / /V\M f<:- 'Dl AllclvY A..icF T /H IG KICS!!<OO/V1 A Fr,r:~ THAT~ (K p ;2 /-J?-;;o;3;~ (}. 7a Ar /-/d j (;.275 AI /-Jg')

3. 1-/A &R' 0 (_)(J /--loue,rA& -~u ;-/g. /1. ao 1 d. r >

£AvJ5o/ll ;'E;I/-J£RJ~D IHIZ. ?(}RJzA.Y puol..>c. Hos~; IAL... /HROuG,H 1 rs ..5/~CONO FA..OO R.. Pucl..JC £1'/IJ<..AJJ CJc .. (NO/ T;-JIC PU BI.._J c A-0/tD/AIG; DOCK

iiN-rR.A!'ICif:. (£11\PHASI 5 AODIZo)), /-/£ JCN//C-i<Jc u lrAID ic.XJIIZIJ /f-f.1Z: PUR.fCL..y ?UoJ...Jc ~ADJ£..5 I

J<ESTRO{)f'l\ ONCE ON 71-11.5 OCCAS!o ;../J T!-1£ PLIAATIDN

OF vJ HI CI-A t(Asr£o A PP1<-ox' MAr/C. J... y 30u-;r:co;vDS. (1( P ~ I-/{, -17; ,:;)0/.;)J 15'! I~XHtb1 r dJ7; D V D iP-19 -;;;;.) ArYDJTtoNAJ-.LYJ TNtzRrc. WAS No VICt'lM, 01v /HI~

--_1 _i-

Page 18: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

/-IAR.R\50/1 0£CURlT'f OFFICiCR)CHA'Rk~S /\/ACE .. ) \JIHJJ.../C. ICSCoR .. T!NG. /_AwSo/\1 To Til£

)_oBBY AR17:-A J /..N\PF.:t~l"\ \55AEi...y· ,ACeo5r/E"D

I__AwsoAI.I Attv/o /N ~Av/;so/'1~ A7T£/'I\Pr ro R~~l)FF j\1\R. NAc,~-c_'s AuVAf\JC£:5) JVlR. NAcFS

//I.J u RR D H/1'1\ 5i"t-J....F~ (.I--r SJ-IoUA-D B ii .N'or~Zo -n-IAI /H12!<R.. IS /V'O /) V D Doc. UM R..IVIATIOA/ Oi=

I HIE CL 125c o R/)J AI'! D ACr 1 o;v 5 .Z.£A o; ;v ~ u? ro NAcE s /JV'.JUR..l £5.1 lJur /H£R...fc SHoUJ.._D HAVIc

13 iC E;-1 A AID j_ AW .5o 1v 0 P ic;J J.... Y A 1\1 D CO/v'r /Y' VA U Y C>BJEC-1/Co /0 /1-1£ IV\ lSSJI'I~ DISCoV£R.f A!VD ) /5

V5 If.. AS ;AI CO IV\ Pl E 112: IN/-/11.. rc. FOR/VI Aj.,J..._ Y R£9ulC-S/JAIC:., /T AMo//(h OTHIE!Z 1)JSCOVICRY)

vJ 1-1 1C1~ M OTto/11 VIAS D/cJJ 11cr::>. (R? I /-c;J/-'lo ~~ i -7) 03Jfc_C/1Co To AT /f..t j J<p J-4-d.Of3

1 Cj5 ))

AtJ..., 3 INCJ PJcNT5 Rre-su~--..-r1c..D JN TilE .5 TA /1c Ci-1 A RG1;J C, PEIJ/lOf\1/iR, lN 1 TJ..I CJ;v;C (J} Coull! OJ~ bu R.C-.k.A F. Y lrl TH£ F;~ST DICC~K..tcic) 7vJ o (d.) CourJ/5 oF 73uRG.,J...AR'( //V /Hie <51CCoNo

1)1C.G R.K-~) Q;v;c_ ( \) CouiV r oF ,hl.;J~5A UJ.:t' /AI /1112:.

6~Co;vo ])1~G-.R.£E..J U/VlC:CJ) Cou.Nf' o;-= VotlfUKTSIIIl)

I Wo (d.) Cou/111:5 oF A 7/,E.M?/iEo Vo'l' 1~u~ IS IV\ AN o 6EV£f..Al-... 6PiCCI AI-...... AJ....J..._fC'bA'IIDNS ~

A -r 77-ft~ c;t_ oS1c or: II<' AJ-...J Tff/C JuK. Y \.rlAS ?P\fC.51Zt"7£0 /r/Jc. /NS/I<UC:-rlo/vS 1-=ot<..

tEACH OF /HI~ CfiAJZC....,fCO COul'//5 AND :5PicCJA-J.-,._

-jd._-

Page 19: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

\!tcRDJC! r-of'N\5. I HI~ CouRI Ri~Ar-:J rEAcJ-l CD UiJ/ /J'-1 /If£ //\1!=-ol<.ll\ AIPO.N TD /;-lrc JuR)j //\1 C "- U D //\10., L5? fCC 1 A h.. C J ~C U M S T A-AI C1~) rH It r (( Tll~e VIC II IV\ oF /rile 13Uf<..(;:t..,A~Y wAs Pl<.rcsJENT JN ;;-~,z Bu11... p;AJG, oR 'Rit.<SJwie.A/c{~ \A/H!Cd 77-/i~

CRr tl\k. WAS Co_M.NIJ7fk:-P J COJV'I~AR.-'( ro RC W CJ. 91./ A. 535 (3) (u). Al'lo Fu?.TH£R IVt OK if.. J

!H.£ OFF~NoiC. //v'l../0~ VfCO AAI /NVAS!Orl OF

?~\vAGY Co!'l-r?.A7J..Y TD R~\J 9. 9J../ A, 535 (3)(p) ..

--pEl lit OA/ ;C:J( WA 5 ACl.Cf U J Tl£ 0 CJJ-=

As~ Au~! f/V IHIZ 6l~Co/'lo P E8 R~t~ A/\10 CO!'IVJCIJeO

OH A-t.,.~v on-tcR. co rJ f'l-t5, A \YD t -rtoA!At,).., y TlflC.

Jui<-Y l't/\/ovJ;cRfC.p ayJE5n /o .,E'ACH 01.:/tiE

;5 P £C1 AL- V ICR.tH C. 15 ..

rplZIJ Tl 0 ,Ntr_ ,<.._ A PP ]SA h_j~ "\:) H 1.5 COl\} v / c T 10/'.j

A;yD r;-J£ Cou,zT A5S/~N/f.D Coui'ISl~k_. Hclt/!ONISR_

At.....5o FtA-1co AN !IV COM ?Jrvi·7...-rrc :?A~~ _AAio ~ FoA-~ow-VP .5uP?J-.iCMfC.rJ-rAL._:SAc~. 7H£ Uuf?-r. 0!= fiPPk.AJ....S. ACCICP-r.RoJ ;--1 J...~ o ANa R.~VI It.vJR.-~0-~-~- ~~­'f£11-rluAI/Z:K~ Pf!.J MAR"/ 5 A c(_) 1< tcj ft.C-r£ Q /-/15 ~--~---·-- --

uu?f>t-.K.N\J~/1.1/Iti-... .5AG, As ut.JTJ/-.A.Fv~Y :J D.J;:.NLJCD ______ _

Hl:5 M orJo/'11 ;-oR._ lc"Xr!ENs; DAI or: 7/.Nl E ro ;~lk£. _ ·---~~--·~­

-rHJZ c5UPPI-. E ;v\ ICN'IA't-.. c5Ac;: AtJD A FI-11<--IVI E. 0 --~- -

HIS Co;V\IIC/IorJ,

rpRIOR /o /4rFi?..tv\ANC-~ OF /fiS

eo~ vIC/ /OIJ D'f TH£ CouR--r OF AP?~A~S) i3-IJ {ION~R.. F=JIJCO A P€-1! /lOA/ FDR- RI':-V/ISW ---·· ..

oF A/'/ //\11/c.i?...l.-.ocu-ro i<.. Y D IcC 1 SJ o t'-/ BY 77-/ E

-/3-

Page 20: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

CouRT oF A ??RAt....S j;J TH~ 0'uPR~M\~ CouR..T 0~ WASHING/or.J Kl-cqurt:srJf\I'G, -rt-1~ CouR..·-r To

R~v RSJt:.. rl+c PrcCJ5Jo,v Pr~.NY 1/\1~ 77-11£ .£Xnc/llstotv DF 11 fl\\2. ANo Cot~!\ PEk.- TrliC Uui?-T o~ AP?~;tt..S To /l'fct.._UDfE AND C-o:V:5J DJCR... )_Awoo/'./).5

6 u ppJ...,.i~M ~~rt!At.... ZSA G 'PUR' N c"> R rev 1 rc w ot-1-IIS DIR.\cc-r APPEAL-, A:s oF rHE DAT1C" oF /H1s [-pRoPo:Ji~\)J ?E-rJrtoJv FoR.. R~v tFC-vJ ryA-r jV\ D/1 o/\1 IS 511 t...L p;=c 1'/DI N C"-1 /A/ 77-JlE,

0u PR rEtv\lc.. Co v~ -r,

TH/c. ;VlAja ~1-ry OF TH;~ Couf.-T aF APPEALS

j\F{=J I-M1C.o )_A wso1v>s 5 Jt. (&;) CoJvVJC-r;orJS

;-;o;._ 'i)/ /\1 r:J_, TI-l A r cc VoYic u R 15M 1 s A c. R 1 ""~~ AGAitvST A PiL'?-5ot.J AND THAT SUFFIC;Erir

/C VIOlE NC/c oJ rPOIZ-IS /i-:JE 3l.)'"KGL..A f<Y AND

VOflfUR\5tv\ Co,vVIC/tOIVS~ 7/-I;S CouR.r 6HoU'-D

~R.A/\1-r R . .rc.v 1 rev/ i3~ccAvS £: ) THI2 C.ou'LI oF AtPPK"At...S 1<. ti:J ECTIO/V Ot= THIE.

5u'PfJt....f../V\trJIAt.....5AG y../li!CH ~P-o'IJ/;)£o //-/;~ NAI<..J?-fC.. AtJD OC.WRAI'lC~ OF TH£ ISSUE-S DE.NJfi-0

PfC.YJ<nOAI/CR- /N£ FvJ..L 8!E./.J!SFJT OF /-iiS

Co;l/'511/ur;o;'fl+t. ... J<tC.Hr lo CuMPL...i"f:.Tt:C.. J<~C.oR.b ot=­

'R\~\1 lkv../ j Q) 7/-J;s CA-5/E. CAJ..J.._S 1/1/TO c;vr£s;;o;v /fll=..

eo~-~ :5 n ru11 oN 11 /.....) ry oF rH 1t- s v,R. G J...A- ,<.. 1 A-No '/ OY Fr. UR 15M 3 r A '/UT/2 (5) /I-lA I F 0~/Y\ EP /t-1 tS

BASiS oF )._Av/So/'1)5 CDIVV IC/I0;../5 j AND

3) TJi1E.. RJcJV\Atllll!'i c. 15sut~s Vtot..A r;-so Plc/JTtoNtt.t? .. /s C:.OIVS/;IU/Io/vAA- RIGHTS A-1\ID /MP~1 C...A/£5 THIS

;=-ul'/ o A IV\ fC.N rAt... FA J ~;1/R.SS CJt=- Pt~r;noJI/R.iZJ5 T!<J A~,

-/A/-

Page 21: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

F c:SU/V\MARY OF Tdl~ .AJS<;()JVl£1\/T

R-r;r;oH;=."-'.:5 E.NTJI<£ TR.I/H ... - WAs

FU;vJJAfV'fE.NTA.U....Y U.Ni=AJK.., ;tllANY o1= rrf£

Jo:SLIISS RA JS/CP 11-1 Ti-11.5 f"Px.oPo:s£. n] PE-riTto.H \tJ £·R£ I IJ;E,A/IIFJ£0 AND PR£c5JZ/'/T£D f3 Y

CouN'oJc "-- ~ BRII~F(s) J P£TITJO/V£12 15 5A G Al'lo

6 VPPJ...£/Ylt2/'IIAL :5 AG.

/ H £ C {)v .R r o,:: A ?P £.At... s 1 R EJ £ c r /u /J o ;=

TJIIC 5U?PJ..£/VlEN!At... 5AG TJEA/IJCO PEIIT/OIV£1<...

THk FVA.k 3/i,II//E F! I 01.:: li 15 CO/Vc5TI (c.J/)0/~Atv

i<16HT ro V;K.£c! J<£\1;/CW A!Vv /1-1£ Cou1..-r o~ A P?£.A~5 If .RR ~~ o 1/V AFFrR!VI f/'1{; ?£-rt 7/o;vt2 R-)s

C-o/1/VJC!Io/>1 OJ-I /r/12". BASis ur ,A-N' //VCOMPt.....ET£

?t1E\/ ;~w.

FuR !H£ R-/VIOR..1'2:.J A/V\o;.J~ OTHIER... IS() u1E-S

/<AJ~iE.DJ /ri£ 13ut<-6t...A~Y AI'ID VoY£UKJStv\

6T/l!UT£(5) OJV' W!-1 ICH ~j"J£TtiiO/VIE- R... S 1DJ\I VICrlo/1 WAs BA<5£D ;c5 U!l(!o;vST/T7/7?0AIAI-,

G, ,41<GtJM!ZrJX.

.. &.)fi.CJ'IQN oF THIC ,:St)?PJ,...EMWrtrl rSAG

?rc!J/IOt-..1 fiR.._; )All rrlour DuPJ...lCAI';/\Id J

/NCDiZPoR~5 13Y i< ~i=tC-'R.IcP/CE IN ITS /Ep/{tRJt..TY . AvJSo/iS . r/E-r/rto/\.1 FoR_ R,t..v /JC..W ofC .AN'

#-;-~~ RA..o cu-r oR y }:) ;c C-1 :s 1 o;".J ~~ 1 '-"-- p£.tlp;tl Gz

-/5-

Page 22: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

(j_ ')1\ ~ C K. J IV\ J AI At..._ PiC t-=£;1./ D A;{ T / S

Co;·./571 ru-r1o;t1 AU Y £/VTITA-12 o To A \ 1< iC.CoR D

OF SUFFICifEN/ COM?L...iCTJEA/£..55 1 /u PiE.<MJT

£FF£Cn Vk: A PP£J .. J.jt/JC !3/CV I !Sv.f OF //1.5 Oi?- !f£i!. C~A I M 5, )) ,:S rA 7£ \1 z&TocJ"J / &5 \tiN' A pp, ~f.R~J (fg3 (;)OJ~) C!!TJ/\1('~5-rtlr& vlHoMA.2JI'J()

\J 1-1 APP. {)CJ (; J .a 9¥ (I 9 q3) (9CID!;Aic, CaerrcDa. ;c

V ()NIL/?D /) TA 7/£:5, 3 9~ ()5 4 /13~ 1./Jfi.( (!9~;)..J ),

7H,c CouRr oF Af'P£A~S JJiCCitsJo.N ro R ic..)R- c r P£11 r;o;v JSR. )s .5 v??J..__J~ M £/II //+tv S'AC, v £ f'.i 1 ;:c D H 1 m F u Jvk. 1< E, v 1 rc w c; .N D 1 R tc Cj

APP£ AI-, -7 !-1£K.J£: FoR"-.} /J-1£ Cou?.-1 oF /-IPPICA-t..,5 1

DIZ..C..l::SJo/'1 AFFI.K/V\J.NG, ,/__Aw5o;..t75 Co.Nv;cno/1/

Hou~o 8fC VACA7~£0 J Rrc/'1\AJI./Di£0 /0 THIS

C'ou f?-1 ot= APP !Cit-.i-....S A-All:> /-115 A r~IEA 1-v PRoPrc(<..I-Y p, £V j If_ v./ It D I Orz IN' /HIE Al--rrc RNA /!ViE. AND /N 771£ //V//ZR.E&r oF J uD JC.JA~ £Co;votv1 Y; P£-r;r;o/1/lcK. R£sP;~c!~LJj,j..__Y Rrcc;utcST:5 A PE ;Vovo REVIEW /AI THI5 f/oN'ORA 5L~ 5 ui=>R~fV\ ~ CoLJRT •

. Tit,=. Bu'KG.L.A f-Y orA-rur/c.. XCid <JA,52 £ r <5 £9 , ; 5 /II or 5 u F Ftc._ 1 rE-t¥ r ~....- Y C.J-.. J2 A- ·K- / o P12oV Jp;~ /Vo/JC.k.. OF· P~oSCR! f:lh:: .. O c_a,{Duc.l

I ;V A tpu'R ~ y PuB 1...1 c B u ' 1._ n '/V C-z J r o //\1 (..t._ vo if-

Page 23: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

-pu-g ~~:: .. t...Y ·-puBl.>C xrc5-rRoo/V\S WH1~/V: (!) Plc!J!Jo;vJcR ).:s /lvVI rA-r;o/'1 ro ;E/Vr;c.x.. As A M lE.N\BER. oF TJ-1£ ?uBI--IC.. I-lAD /\/k: V£R l3~e£,A/ 'Ai~Vo~<./cD j (2) PiCTJnoNJci<. l/V'As N£111El'- A5KtcD

-ro A.k.AvR.J ANo (3) /t-1£ :5-rAr!E. Pxt:5~/'/r;;.o DJit.itC.-1 fC.i.JJDiC/\!(!jE THAI /VJ£N ARE A~w'JcO

7j0 E~;~R. ~R _!-EM~I/'1 //1151!}£ TH~ Pv~;(JC A.-AD I ft. 5 }?~?:5; RooM(.s) AT ~c..AtH 01- /H1:::.

JNCI D;E.N-r A.ocAr;o/vS EA0£D o.N A~rc)

0CCUPAIJOJV Af\ID //Y/EIV'/10/V'~J WJ-IJCH /5A:S

,AK._o liRA R.Y A.S 8fi,0JAI~ £;CIE/v'5£ To E./'fr/ER Of< Rk!V\1\)1\1 ON (1' AC I~ _5/E!UAL_ 0RlJE.IIIAT101f J-IA JR. ~1 BoDY TY;J::..) ~rc_, .. ,

Pur A1'1orH.£.R WAY) ~Awoo/\1>5 /CNT/£7<1/'Ic; A;Jp f<E/V\AIN!I'iG /N TritE ?UR.£). ___ y ?vBt--.J c_ /.,AD J £.5 1 R 85 TR oo f\1\ /f??AF. ful-r ).._ Y v 1 OI.._A -rr~ o 5 oM rc hAw J B ur

1 f\'l R., PvRRo ws

lC/\17/iR. lAIC., AN'D P.. JcMAJAII f\1(2, DID /'101) ;c.vtEA~ rr~o uG.H rHr-y W£~<£ Bo-rH.) oN' oN' IE (J) OCCASIOJ..!J /IV /HiZ EXACr 511/VlE j_AvJ£5 1

REsrRoo!v'\ /fr /HtE 15-XACT 5AMJC 71/tiJ~. 5ucJ-1 1)J.J PA'RAI£ rRJEAI/'Il~NT /?'AS ;EX POS£1) A-N' OV £R nRoA D c5TA/ul£. _; 0 ?£,A/1ED IIi£ Doo t<...

7o ARB 11 I~ A R"( ~Ail::o RCEN1J-.:NT A IV' D I 6

//IICON:51S·T£AIT W JIH r£D£'KAL...- AA/o 5rA/£ A.-AvJ,

/;.;.;;z_ A M'B JC, UtiY IN 7!-112 ,BuK.~LA?..Y ;5'1~t-rur~ ARJSE5 /rl /rile JJ£FJIV//Iol-/, RCbl ~ ............... ~~~..:5T,AI£S /1v ;<IC~!C.VAII!/i=>AR.!;

-;7-

Page 24: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

rt A A;c £ .1'1 ;5 R.. c; 'fZ p ·R. 1 v 1 )-_.£ G iC To ;c AI ''~~ i<.. o K

Jl<..~MA.JI'/ 1/\1 A 3UIJ....f)J/'IG. VIHtCd _IS C>.rYt....Y

? A R I j...._ Y 0 P ~N TO /J-11~ Pu BL.-.1 C I 5 No T A I~.JCJCN3F-:..

OR f K\ \11 ~IC .. lh E. /e> £1\/T/Ei<. oR RICM A-11\1 /N 77-JAI

PAKI oi= A BvJJ....DJ.N'c; v/HICN IS /v'OT o?£.N To

7H£ P uo'-JC.., ))

];-;;S 8RJA!c;s /o /VI!ND !Wo (~) 6J6;'1;r-;CA;Nr

FOIN/S;

J. · l"/ H/i I 15 A C(i..IC/c.NS!E )) / N TJ-1 £ ?tJ73t...IC

BuJJ...DJ;~VC"-> Co//r /cX-r?; \,J flo ISSviZS TI-lls

Lc /....1 tif-/1/t:Jl~ )) ? ; lJ H A r :5 rA r£ Aa£N'Cf A IV' D

J'TADf\~PJZ~Q CRtT~t.A ARk. U;)~o -ro C~f..,AI'!-r' L\. J)? I

;5 U C- 1-f A- 1 C EN S€. • j IC T C, " • ) A 1'1 o

c 7HtER.1r:. IS A DJ5"'///JCrlo;~v 13i~.rw/C£AI LC .. 'PA~/}.._Y o?!Zt-1 -ro Tt·/IE PulJL.JC)) AND ({ 01>/cl{

/o ?flrf<T oF TJ-1£ Pv'bL i c.))

a-v . . } I P.I<I~Y OP/~.N To /Ill( PU73Lte) -/NiJ;Cflo/lE-5

A f.-rcA'S r;-JAI ARC CJFF 1-vJM 115 70/1-/£ /iiNrlf2JG /V 0 M A 77ft.. R Trl£ f !CYZ"00N )5 Pt-JYS JCfr )...._

or<..... 5 a c.' AI-~ C.t-\ A RAt-riC 12..1 sr JC.S) v.JH JC. R. If.. A 5!

ao Plt./1..1 To PAR-r OF JHIZ PuoLJC))_ I ND/(2 ATIE:5

.:50 M ~ O'D.JECIII./ £ DJSIJ/IlC..I/u;l /3 £/ld/c£/1.1

M /iMB~R5 ot= TfliE. PUBLIC) 5UC-I-I AS A Co.rJC-1-c~r) \tJHlZt<.£ PA1D APMl55JoA! PRoV1DR-S Pi<.IVIt...Ec~ED

AcC.KSS, A .Nr)J tc.vrcfl/ /HIJr ;s Nor .BASic. D CJ/1/

AI\L Y 5UBJ rcc-rNif. p;-IY5J CAL.., ol<- soc 1 AJ-.._

Page 25: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

C I-JARAC-!£RJ311~'5J A..£:51 /I VJO~AIH /HE Co!'16/J lu TIDAl,

.JH£ Uj, 5u?i<EMf: CouV--.-r HA'S~AID! LC (J fC N IE R I C l3 u R& t-.A fZ Y ) 5 UN)._ A W F U J.._, - £;v 71< Y £;..__/Z/V\1-c;JT £xcL-uo,~s AI'IY CAj£ /N' wl-f,c_H A P£R,So;J £N'T;f:R.5 Px.t:Ml.S iES 0?£/'1 To 7/-1£

PuBkt C...J AID /V1 A7TIER. /-11~ INT£#1.~ 7JI£ C:,J'itJ lf-R \C C RIM IE. 'R 1~9 VIR. \tS 'B~ICA J<J/\IG AAIO )

£!YI£'fl.J/'IC, oR JlMl~R. (.)/'Jj__AvJFU"- AC/JVITY.)

~~u...-..&..l.~......._....loL-~S~, ) I 33 5. C r ;;J;J 7 ~/ d-d- 9;:;. (;;;o J3)

Cl \/\/ASH! 1\/G /O/v A.A vJ Do i-:-_ 5 /VOT ?i<.DV' IPi::­/HA! /CA/rl<.Y OR Rf..ft/\Aif\/1/'IC; /A/ A BUold£.55 OPEN /o '/!-IE fJUJ3LJC-- 15 filc.NDFcR'ti:::-0 UJJA.AvJfUj_ ;BY THJE J.) ;f.FtcN DA- N'T)5 I Ill/EN r ro CoM /V1 J I A

Rl IY\E~ )) c:SV..}Ttr v A&"-£Ai..; /:J7 WN. A'?P /d5) /37 N, d'll7JJv.:f. ;.}005) {!_J/1/v~ c:Sz:A-z:£ V.

Ill ~fER 9D tdN APP, 'JC}O) 7d15 {DJ'I3 1198)~ (() ..<.A v.IFUt-_ JCA!Ii<Y.J /E\/iEA/ 01\lk. /-JCCOI'II PANIIcD

BY N£FARI OLJ"S /N/E/'IT.) 1:5/VOT i3Y j/0/U....F A f:3 Uf<.G,~A K '(, U ,A/ LAwl=u~-... P ~IC.o E/'LC/c. A!'IO CRJM Jt-/At---- //.//J~I'Ir f\1\us-r CoiiVCIDi:C. /-OJ<- A f3 URG.l..-.A R Y 7a "C-Cu R., )) 1.d_

·7 I 15 U;JCt....IEAR v/HA1Coi'I:5T!Tu-T£0

I...__Aw5o;J 76 U1/A.AvJFU"' lcA/T.i?.Y oa_ fl..JtiV\A;rJ;rJG

Ut!__J..AWFVt..._ PR.iCJfi:.NCJf. /CL£Mfi//r) /N TJt/5 CA6E.~ ·;If£ R te:e.o R 0 1<.. it. F ~ ~CI5 SFC v !CRA J.... ross ro I ~J T1 E:5.; W A5 IT: ( /J 1Avi5<:YV:S kNr!CY Tf/J2oU6H TJ-IE. PUBL 1 c__ ~o AD/ N c; PocK oF /-/1trv2 1So1v 1-lo~PJ//t'-

~ /9-

Page 26: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

DUR J 1'1 G., TH!C. j\~ AY /7 .J;}. 01 ;:;_ /;ve!-1 D£AIT VIHIC((c

/1-J FC-I<. Fe. vJ A cS /V o /) u ~ ?J<.o C-£5 5 :5 J 6 A/ /J O:SiiCD_; IF I I \//A 5 ? JZ I V A-T i2 ~ ( cA J l-1; S £.AITIC_Y //\1/ o THE ·pu-a~1 e_ /.._A_TJJ R-o1 )Roo M rt r leA-CH o i=- Tff£ 3 1 /vc:_, D fCf\lr .zoeA r;oA/5 j (3) ;-.; 1 s RFMALrJJrJ c., /1V5tDIE.. THIC PUBLIC j_ADik5

17ZoO/V\ AT

;:=.Ac..J-1 c)/=- THE .J....ocA/Jo7'.!5 )' Af\lo I OR ( t.J) /-11:5 f<.£MAJ!YJI'JC~ WJTH;/'1 Tf-1£ ?uoL..JC Ho5PIIrt-1-A Jv 0 73 0 OJ<\ :51 or<. );:. AFT£ R. I= X I rJ /V ~ Tl-1 /2.

puB k I c., /A 0 JIE;S I ?< 0 0 M (5) •

Ir ;s AJ...:5o uAICL£AR. V/J-tA r

FR-A..Or/Y CRJ JV\ IN AJ..... AC I \AlAS CLW 1/r./ £:5:5£0 J)

BY ,/V}R, f\/ACE.. DN Ju,vrc. /'1.1 d-Ol~ AUIHoRI"Z-II'IQ.

If I IV\ /o U51E. PH Y.S JCA L... ~oKCI~. //V fV\ A J-<;.J.N C-, A Ct!rLR:..rJ):5 ARRrt.ol /VJCC-,AT//J~ JA )JJ6o;v Js

0/CJ.... ~ -OtcF£dSR. TH /CoRY.

77-JR:.- RiCe oRp 'R fC. F~~C/ S 7i-1 AT J\1\ rtf'./ AR.~ AJ.....t..ov.JF-o /N THF.:. \.tloMfC/'JJ0 XiE5TRO(JJV\ (s)

15A5F-D Ol'/ //VrER AJ,JAJ AG,r=. Af\lo occu?Aitor{; Y£ T j__Av-/a-0/'J)o JCAII((Y WA 5 UAI t-.A W FUJ.....

Q : [AJR£.. 11-1-£ R t=c.. c:Jo JV\ ~ M ~ AL w 1-1 o P o lf A VJc

A _ f?R.I )/JJ....;£... C- 12. /o £AIr Jf: iZ 11-1 AT \AI o-M E/'J 1:5

R 1t.S rRoo M ?

-0<. 0-

Page 27: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

A; 0-\J ~A A/ JTO"K c J...J~- AtJ s -rt-/Jc /<.£57 f2.o of'l\ S ~ ~ ~ jF /Hif.RE. 15 A MAA/ J)o;/\JC" Tli£.

C 1-._/E AAJ /Al c;J TJ!_5AI /-/IE ~ 0£:5 /A/ Tl-f!C

RES/ROOM. _l..F A SMAJ....t.... CH/J....P \rJITH

/J-J~JR. 'PARE/VI o-R A 13ABY Tf-/.Ar IS /VlA-~1~

A/'JD Tl-lic ~~ /V\ 0 M TA- K ~5 THIZM J IVTO TI-JE..

p.. I~ I R 0 0 M • • .. [-a H iC y \No-v L C> J-1 A v R._

PR\\IJ"-/CC-zE- To Go IN 7il£fl..E.

(R'P~ !-J7-~oi3) ~>tLJ-:J. fv)

G1; [A]Il.£. TJ-1£.. RE: ArJY /Vl IE 11../ THAT D6 HAV£..

P£ RJv\ u55; oAf -ro Go /N TH£ \N'O/Vl.1~1'1 >5

R fr: :s TR-oo M ?

A: [1-G!VY OF THR. y.JORI<.JrJC, 5TAFF-­

MAII'IT£NANCfE} JV\Y5£CLJRI1Y T£fLN\ d •.

/H£ £AIV1P..ONMR..NTAL 5fc-R.\IJC~-r__5J THR..

Pre o P ~~ WHo C-A-1-c AN Tl+lc HOSPt //tl-,

(R~;;). /-1?-;;;o 1 3) 33o A r 1 o) {:5MJII-1)

--r/trc.. :5 rA TicS 1AI tTAJIZ ss 1'1 R, K oAt

BuRRo \IJ S.; l;./ H () ,N\ ICT P£11 r ION IE Q. IN TI-l rc. .Ru.~ l..Li £AaJ£5 1 RrcSTJZoo M TR 571Ft fC o : tlT WAS C"'-fCAtJ;f')G THE. PUBI-.. J(__ 'Rfi.S/;<.ooMS-.~. I \N'As G,o1AIG, /Jvro rHJE 1..-/0MJ~/\1)5 RiCSTRoDM

~ , ~ J_ \AIE/\11 I AI A/\10 PRJJ~CJZ,"C'D ff.-0 To SIA R I

N\ y D.A J /..._ y tOUI/N£. ~ )) CJ<Pd. I -17-;;J0/3, 335 . J ((._ / A T ~ ) , " ill j_ A W 5o t.J :5 A I D I-I£ W A 5 J u 5 I

J< ))._ "' N C--, f/ IV\ lc ' ) ) M A I d 3

-;) 1-

Page 28: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

tl(I]T 6HDUJ-_1J BfC C"'-/cA R TtfAI H£ U 1\1 J,._A 'WFU"-J.. \(. v./£AIT //\ITO /Ilk.. \NOME-IV

1:5

R E:STROO M. )) (k.'P ;( /-;}Lj-;)013} 55~ AT !OJ) /tAl 0 ICXPJ.._AIAI 1/\1 ~ /D /ritE. J U?.... Y cC /;-J AT )5

WI-IAr 13uR<!,MRY 1:5 ""'./-oR ExAMPL..I~ OM1L-0/\I lc (;o;AJ~ /N70 bA'i<..TfC~A-)5 J

l3AR.Tic.J..j,_)5 ::5TO'Ri~ .... 7H£R!i5 5£PARAT!E ARE AS / .N 73/Vi<. I£ .1._/,._ J :5 • • .. 5o M E CJ N £.

Cou~D HAVE !H£ I/YT£>vT roao /N'/a /"1115. PJ-JAJ!<MA~£ur,cA;._ AJ<.ICA WITH //IIT£NT TO 61£Ak /HIEI<JS, ))(RP d j-cJ4-~0J3) 55& AT 1)

l.. Lv PRooJcCV///1/G T!-llc/;v:JTANT

t!AoF-J TH£ 5;Ar.E £:55/E/V'//At...A..Y /\lllo5TA/£D

rJ-/~ A_AW) (!._;-IA/\1{],/ED TH£ /\1F2ANING or-7;-Jr.:- A:-A lN' AA!t:J 8A(5£D ICA/ F[) ]<.Cic_ /VllcN T

ON ARDIIRA RY CRt/JEJ< JA.@

Ir 0HoUlD Bic Nort=c:o /t-IA! /N Sw-ric. \1 Boyp) /37 LJ1v APP. 910 (d007~ft1R 1)oyi)

\.N'As A CLcus-raP;AA.I>) Ca/\1\/JCr~-o or::­VoYEU~t5MJ V</H1C:.W /-vR/1-1-121<. J/.-LU.5r.t<A-rJ2S

TI-IAT //'V\PJ..t£0 ~1/V\ITS; ~IC.STRICT'I0/'15 OR.

Au-rHoi<..IZATtDJI./5 ro E/'1/IER /#Vi3J......JC...

{3 U I 'J...... D I AI (!, 5 B A ~ 12. D o ~v 0 C. C. UP A-II 0 A/ 0 K

'-.... AIYY 0/J-f£ R. 6 U 6 J EC-r IV if. Ci<. \ T !CRI A 15

A'Ro t-tt<.ARY A JJ D t-:::-fC(2 .. :114J2. ~1<-0UI{ D Fo(L )4SU:s£ ..

Page 29: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

t--1-----; 13 (} RG. bAR'{ CR I ME ?)q, A I t{S/ A:=Fi:JZ s 0 AI

. ~ICR.k Is A 1Cotllj);.._,c_.t I tV \,.A.sH;;Vc;ru--1

~Aw As ~ L"IHAr LoAJoTJrunc:s A Cn.,MJF. Ac-..A;N.JT A P~Er<.so/\1

/1-1 ;c. Coug-r a;= /-1 ?Pte AJ-.. s ~J'C-1-J teD CJ/V JTA ra: \1 c5NIEuV12NJ /l./9 {;/A/ d-d 9/~ 9/~ (aD03) /N /loA-DIN~ THAT VoY!CifRJSM 15 A CRIN\ rc A(},AJAIST A ?ERsorJ sur=Ft CJlf-I'IT To

E'KV£ AS ,A 'PRICD ICA/£ C R J M~ To 13LJRG. 1-.AJ(Y.

L/o vJ/tv/ci<.) /N A/'IAA..YZJ/1.1 c:; /HE UIVJr CJt::

P.t~ot;l<C..u/io/V ,.CoR Ao BBl:CiZYj THI:S /-JoA/o7<tFi3J...E. DUf..T /-/£~vD /HAr (_{_[T)HlE .l_;Z{].,JS/....A/Ul!..~ 1-1-A-s

P£1-/NJ~O ~ #• ACRJIV\£ AC-;A;tJr5T TI-lle P£?...5oM)J - --.D-r /53 \;J,v :ld 70~ 7dob-oo5).

6 /AIC£ 130/1-1 11 o'BB£0<.'1 A.ND :BuR~~-,ARY 6 TAT u r;c :5 W ic R. 1~ 1C ,_;A C.-7 IC 0 A I /If IE c5 A JV\ E //.It'\ li::__)

Vu'R. I rJ G, T/f£ SAM \C.,,{_;~@, IS 1-..ATIV R o £:55 I O/{)

~~~~~~~~ 1~?5 :/. 57 Ex. :5£6:5,; Cl-1. ;)~OJ PAGE 8'3'1J THlE. VIZrl/\11/loAI

P1?-KCcP/S5 Bur /S //V' ACCoRD Wtll-1 TJ-IIZ DiCFII.JJ/IONS FJRST APPIEARA/1/Clr:, /N BMc.K~ l.A vJ 1) JC/101\/,AR.Y /AI /99 9_; 5NJZ DDfiA/) /.lf9 WAf ~d AT 9()'5A/J.,(.5._At:IDFC-RS1 j, "DISSJ~NTI/'IJ}.,) "'oJ :5vt rR v J3 A §,.tl IE IT.; I 3 r LJ A/ :;;) d .Lf Ct;). I ~ ~ 9

LllJ9q),)) .J..cL... / Hus; /V£1THt-cR VoY.tCuP-15 M Na'R A71!EM'PT£o t/oY/cv~ISM c:_AN. ~~t_Co/'J'SJ'DK'K.fi'_b

~ A ~ R l IV\ c. A c-.. A-I"' 5 I A ? IC I~S 0 rJ A s A PR.t2o1CA/E ,FoR.. 13VKC~kA R.Y.J Af\,)o TI-llE C~-tNf?..G£5

Page 30: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

r!:JF B URC. i..-A1-Y :SHOUkD ~lc 1:>1"SM 15 S /c D vJ JT!-f

? R lt:-J \J D \ c~ J A AJ 0 ;"ESP £CI A t.J... Y vJ J-1 iE f.. R., Tlf rc:K- F... WA5 No VJCIJM (oR PE~5oNJ //V rwo (;J..) OF

If/£ THRi £ (3) lr/C;DfcNT5,

~~· Vayt=o1( ljM LJr~coNoTJ -rur;o;v' At-,.

:5 TA rrc \1 Gz &A-f. /~7 !,Jtv ~cl J! 10; J..Jd3 (~OOJ.) 1-f~J...O /HAT ((\~cSN/NC.To/\1 S VOYICU~t~M 5TATUrtEJ 7<C\J 9A'. 4'1. 115 OOICS Nor APP~Y TD

AC/t0/\1:5 /"AK£N //\1 }JUR.fC~Y PUB2._JC ?/.....,ACreS,))

A No (Cfij/-1£. :5· TATur£] PJ<osc¥.,-ot{SJ /1--llC.. Ac r A 0 1 r A F F 1C.C -rs /E" A c H v 'c r 1 fVl J AI or J u 5 T THIC • C.Ov'R-S it. oF C.o;vouc.-r, )) :5rATR \I ])IAZ.-

~~lo...LI..-__....7 I~ P \,},.v A pp. 9 J 11

917 (D 1v. i aoo 'iJ

TH12 CouRT ot~ A P?;~_At....5 Focus£'0 ot'l cc\1,/c.\Ai)) A-l'lotc P~A-c~)) tN'HJS~,:c, orv!E H~t-s A

'Ric AS o;v A~l.l-c. 1-:c.~Pt-c_CI All o f\1 Ot= P'R.-1 VAC Y • )._Avl5orJ CLVJiE-vJJcO A.S, i3Y()~Y£ Co/vTA<:I))

W !-11 J,._ft. 6Hic \IJA-5 lr/ TJ-/;C. PUBJ......JC A RiCA or= T/1/E. ______ _

P.u o k.t c.. R e. s -r r<. o o M A /\1 o A , 5~ (( v llE w £ •) ) )

. AwS oAf W 1-11 J...ic /-1 1C W' AS / A/,5 1 j) 1E TH IC 6 TA/..1-.--:~ ____ . {f_13A6/i0 OAf WIJJi't..LY AC-C..Fr..PTI:C.O :50C-Iftb./\IORM::,-_____ -

/l-Ilt. ARt~A \NJTlil/\1 A;J CJcc..u·PlfC.P TOIJ.....~T

,JTAl....l- 15 PRof> ~R.l-._.Y CHA 'KAC.I!CR.J<-~D A5 (1 PR.lV ATf~, )) ,JrArii y BtrRnt=~ '-/~ J;}AJ APP. _ 5o31 589 (DJ'J. 3 1qr7) ..

'll IOJ.N £. H AS.NO_!<.;ZA50N.A?JL::~ .. -, -· '--- ~·---------- . -·- -

---------·--·-

Page 31: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

~XPiCCIA/ION OF PRIVAC-Y /A/ 0/\/£)5,""'

FAc, ~~-.... CHA'RACIJc/f<:-J5TJcs, ( 2NJT£q :5 TAVr.s v tj I D U, ,5. :/.1 /if {197 3) ( No r~£/ZSOA/

• • ~ CAN ~ iC. A?J O/V /t-31-.. Y rc.xP FCC. T /H Ar 1-/;;s f- AC- f2. \PI J A.A. 81~ A MY .5 TiC R Y Tu Tfl,t._ IN' o Rh.-D, I)))

- - - ~If;) VN APP. 5J'1) 530 (\)I v, j_ d. OI~J

IAJ C:5rA r£ v 13JFBi~ir&J Iff l;);v APP. 58"3J 59 0- 9CJ.. (D 1 v 3 /9 ~7), " ~ L( [ij H1C. CLou R.T.~ c ¢)

c~ouAJ OJ TI-l AT 73trR~l7 \S. 1) 1 D 1\/ or J-1 A V fC A J-..!CG,J/iMA!i2 C>l<.. "RILASON' A~Lk. lt..XPkCIA/IorJ ot=

r:fR\ vAC V c5J /VC it_ Ti-1/C.. TD;.L..ICT WAS V /aU AJ.J... Y AC-c...Jc,S:515krc. To AI'IYOI\I!C.. £1'/r;e-i<.;!VG, /!-Ire

J<.ii.Srf..ooM Arlo IH£. ~ • ;VIc -rHo D oF ODS lcRVA77oN'

WA5 NoT CA.ANDIC6TIA/E. oR5uRRfC?TITtous,

IN TI-IJE" /NS/AAI!CAt3Jc1 /t:l/fi£R....

/._A\;J:So/iii-IA-D /HIE GRkA!ICR-!iXT~~crA-r,o/\1 Oi=

pP.._,vAC-Y oR A/£J/HJC1<.. /._Awsor.~ NOR A.5, /-140 ANY IZXPFCCIAT/ON OF n1vACY~ £1/f1cf<.. WAY Vor£ut<•5M FA1o A.No RiCN'DR.R-S TH£

orATUTic \/01 P For<. VAG Urc.NIE-SS 6;AJC!t:>

!f OllAI 1 rH s TA/'f o;.AJS 1 IV\ P Ro?iCK.. I NF!CK.t!'IC.JC-:5) A-A'vt/:5oA/ )5 V 1/C "vJI/'1{!., \N AS /lllcJIHlciZ

U R R £ f? Tl T I o U 5 fi/ U K C A_ A/\1 D/c S TIN 1C .J AI b t<. \tJAS IT FoR c5iE.XU~k G,RA Tt FICAitoAI~

fHrc'i?-iCFOK'tf.. ?711c t/oV.£uRJ5M Ci;JvVJCT /ON'

:5HOUJ. .. 5) BE-VAC/ATTC-0 A-ND DJ5 M ISSi~O wITH

'PR \2..) u \) \C-~ AS Uf\/C. 0/V 5T; lUI/ON l"r-'- II

-85-

Page 32: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

TH;c REMA;tJ;tJ(h ;;:;-suFCs IN THio

[P~oPooi~-o PrciJnoAj] W£K1:C A~0-Rte.S5i~o ;~ rpiET!/IuAi£R

1S 5A<:; A-!'io 5uP~/---.~rV\tcN'TA-~ :fAG

13ur w .t'R..i:_ Nor AWRo~R 1 AlE .I...- 'l AtpepR lCS~ ~~0 8::,¢ 7/-1£ CouRT oi= A P?kAJ-...5 BA-a lEe> ol'/ rtf£ /NCOM.'Pt....~ 7£ Rtt:COR'D ACCEPT/CO .Fo Q_ 1<..£V JEW.

TI-l uS; \l;oJ-.AIJ/'!Ch )_~vlsorJ'>s Co.NSTJ rurtorl A-.L._

F-1 ~HI TO V}'?..ff_CirK£V 1£v./ 0 r-- A COM tJ)...fLT£

1}<. ~CoR f), ?;[II T}(YN£(L 7< liSP Ji crFVL..I- Y /? 'ii.CJ u£STS

NDT!Ctc AJ\Io O?Po!i<.IUNI/Y To PRESJU\17

u U ?PL. fc_ M fe_A// A'- /3R. I lC. F J /'I G, t5H OU k_ '0 Tl-f/C.

CouRT 72ECfUJrj(.£ 1r //\1 D£TIC'K!Vl ;AJ;Nc.,

\NJ-f£TH/Cf<- OR- ,/\lo-r To A-CCIEP7 J<!CvJ!C v./,

tt A ~AvJ 1s ov£R. Br<oAo 1F ;r\swfE,=:PS \JiiJTH;/\1 J T:S ?J<oH 1 EJTtoAisl A 0V5STA/II/JA';..._

.N'l ouAIT o,-= Co/11~/truno;VAJ.._/.-.-Y ~KD7!ECTico (!__o/'J DlJ(!_ -r. (CJ Til TIIJN 'OMM ITFCO J )r':5rA TIC){

~ -= /73 \Af'1v ;)d /J ~ (d-oll) ANo (lLT)Hk.. 'Du ~ ?J(. CX2-tc. ss cu \.} s E .0 /-::: -r HIE FouR zl-::: K.AI IH

jo..L-J.~~...;...I.L.~.QoG...,__ ro /H IC UN JTFc o S r 1t r £ :5

CoA/.5/JTVIID/'1 1<E~ lJ1Rfc5 5-r.A-rvr~eS T7J ?Roy /Dr~ oF: n-1rc Co/1/Ducr /Jf«: Y Pt.o5C..Rt at,

Oi= j A-C:..K AI VI 1....1-...ff 4 05 ( f<:j7J.J {_c:_JTA-/io.WS O.MNI )/~~) ))

~'-L-L..L~~~~....,. I~ o "v) /If t9 d I) ~ ( 8 oo 7)

-d/.p-

Page 33: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

C( Tf-1 IE R J G, H T o 1- ,E F;-ECI 1 VIE Coul\/c5;cl._

A!Vo TH£ 7< J Gt-1 7 oF A E v 1£ vJ A-K.1.::.

FUN 0 Af'/\~1\//Ai- TO J AND I ;l/i?A.-1 (._I -r 7 AI__; ANY /Vl EA;v /AI G, 1-==u~.- A1 o D /c K./'1 Co.NCJE PI o,::-

0 Ro feR ED J..; 8£ RT'I .. JJ SrArtf v A ,;VJ.::> Jft,f ),,j /'J :Jd 11

1 <f {; (;;;;o, D)

7/t;S CouR/ c5Hou;.._D GRANT ~~\I I £ W 8 It C A LJ.5 J;:: :

. 0-1£ ...(A\N'..:5 A6 //viiE'KPRIETFiO A?<F- UI'I­

CiJ;J511 rt;no/11 ltlv AAIO CR.t.ATIE ABSu'Ko RE5UL75j :1. -rf.t-;c R£ 15 A Co!IFJ..ICT /.AI LAW Ac5 TO WlfA/

~0 NOTI rur;~S A CR.. II"\~ A G Allv'S7 A Prcl<so;..j;

,/_AvJjo/ll \N'AS T.J£.N;;C..O j-/;.5 CoN'c5T/7V7IO/V"AJ.._

J< 1 &H76) ro : (Q,) /Er-;::::JcC r;v£ APP£itAT£ R rc v, ,(.. w; (b) \1/' rN /ES5 / /v rJER v, ~~ I.N'6 J' ( c::) f?-;-t=£c. r1 v;E cou!lls~t ~ AH o I oR RizsouRcrc.s To V£FJcND 1-I//V\jJ~_I .... )- A5 v;c;oR-o OSL.Y A5 ll~iC :5 rAr;c Pi~o5£C-ui;Zo HIM;' Ad 1) (d) EvERY ;S5 U£ //'li3EIWJciCN

/_ A vJ 6 o t-J \IV AS P R fCJ u D I c iC o i3 Y THo sF­/o:5u£5 R rcJJDtER. 1 1'1 a, /fiE ;S;.J-r;RlE TRIA~.-

P iZ oc.. E.:S5 F u;J D A /'II rt/'1 1 /t J.A_ Y UN i:: ,A 1 J<... •

!6oP{~CIFUI..J._'/ oUoM l //;cO /!-IJS dO 'R\J D~Y 0 F· JV1 ARC.\-\ , C) 0 I 5

-d 7-

Page 34: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

APPENDIX d..

Page 35: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

FILED COURT OF APPEALS

DIVISION II

201~ DEC 30 AH 9: 43

STATE OF WASHINGTON

BY ~TY

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION II

STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 44744-4-II

Respondent,

v.

GEOFFREY ROBERT LAWSON, PART PUBLISHED OPINION

Appellant.

JOHANSON, C.J.- A jury found Geoffrey Lawson guilty of one count of first degree

burglary, two counts of second degree burglary, two counts of attempted voyeurism, and one count

of voyeurism. Lawson appeals, alleging that there was insufficient evidence to support the

burglary and the voyeurism convictions. Lawson contends alternatively that his burglary

convictions must be reversed because voyeurism does not constitute "a crime against a person or

property" that the burglary statute requires. In the published portion of the opinion, we hold that

voyeurism is a crime against a person and that sufficient evidence supports the burglary and

voyeurism convictions. We address Lawson's remaining claims in the unpublished portion of this

opinion. We affirm his convictions.

Page 36: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

FACTS

I. BACKGROUND

In May 2012, Harrison Medical Center employee Ron Burrows entered one of the women's

restrooms and began to sanitize the stall areas. As he opened the stall door, Lawson emerged and

ran off despite Burrows's efforts to catch him. Harrison security manager Leon Smith identified

Lawson from a security video that showed Lawson entering the hospital through the loading dock

area. The video also showed Lawson entering and exiting the women's restroom over

approximately four hours.

In June 2012, security officer J.K. was in the same women's restroom at Harrison when

someone attempted to open the stall door. Startled, J.K. observed men's dress ~hoes underneath

the door. J.K. viewed security video and determined by the man's pants and shoes that he was the

same person who tried to enter the stall while she used the restroom. Meanwhile, other security

officers confirmed that the suspicious man was Lawson, who had returned to Harrison a second

time. Security Supervisor Charles Nace and Officer Dakota Muir contacted Lawson, but he

resisted, causing Nace to fall to the floor with an injury.

Also in June 2012, A.S. used the women's restroom in a Barnes and Noble store. After

washing her hands, A.S. saw a man peering into the main bathroom area over the stall door adjacent

to the one she had used. According to A.S., the man, who she later identified as Lawson, quickly

ducked, but A.S. could see him through a gap in the stall doors. A.S. reported the incident to

Barnes and Noble employees. Assistant store manager Amy King reviewed a store security video.

The video showed Lawson surreptitiously entering the clearly marked women's restroom.

2

Page 37: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

II. PROCEDURE

The State charged Lawson by second amended information with one count of first degree

burglary, two counts of second degree burglary, one count of second degree assault, one count of

voyeurism, and two counts of attempted voyeurism. The jury returned guilty verdicts on each

charge except for second degree assault.

ANALYSIS

INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OF BURGLARY AND VOYEURISM

Lawson asserts that the State failed to introduce sufficient evidence to prove the Barnes

and Noble voyeurism charge and each of the burglary charges. We hold that there was sufficient

evidence to prove that Lawson viewed another person in a place where she had a reasonable

expectation of privacy and that a rational jury could have found that he committed assault while

in or in irrimediate flight from a building in which he was not lawfully entitled to remain. Thus,

we conclude that sufficient evidence supports Lawson's voyeurism and burglary convictions.

A. STANDARD OF REVIEW

To determine whether evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction, we review the evidence

in the light most favorable to the State. State v. Homan, 181 Wn.2d 102, 105,330 P.3d 182 (2014)

(citing State v. Engel, 166 Wn.2d 572, 576, 210 P.3d 1007 (2009)). The relevant question is

'"whether any rational fact finder could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a

reasonable doubt."' State v. Drum, 168 Wn.2d 23, 34-35,225 P.3d 237 (2010) (quoting State v.

Wentz, 149 Wn.2d 342, 347,68 P.3d 282 (2003)). In claiming insufficient evidence, the defendant

necessarily admits the truth ofthe State's evidence and all reasonable inferences that can be drawn

from it. Drum, 168 Wn.2d at 35 (citing State v. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068

3

Page 38: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

(1992)). We interpret the evidence "'most strongly against the defendant."' Homan, 181 Wn.2d

at 106 (quoting Salinas, 119 Wn.2d at 201). We consider both circumstantial and direct evidence

as equally reliable and defer to the trier of fact on issues of conflicting testimony, witness

credibility, and the persuasiveness ofthe evidence. State v. Thomas, 150 Wn.2d 821, 874-75, 83

P.3d 970 (2004).

B. VOYEURISM: REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN THE RESTROOM

Lawson contends that the State presented insufficient evidence that at Barnes and Noble

he viewed another person in a place where she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy

because he viewed A.S. when she stood by the sink in the restroom. Lawson attempts to draw a

distinction between the private toilet stall and the other areas of the restroom where there would

be no expectation of privacy. We hold that a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy inside

a restroom.

Under RCW 9A.44.115(2)(a), a person commits the crime of voyeurism if he knowingly

views another person in a place where that person would have a reasonable expectation of privacy.

For purposes of the crime of voyeurism, RCW 9A.44.115(1) states,

(c) "Place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy" means:

(i) A place where a reasonable person would believe that he or she could disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that his or her undressing was being photographed or filmed by another; or

(ii) A place where one may reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or surveillance;

(d) "Surveillance" means secret observation of the activities of another person for the purpose of spying upon and invading the privacy of the person.

Lawson's argum~nt is inconsistent with this statutory definition as our courts have construed it.

4

Page 39: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-A-II

In State v. Glas, 147 Wn.2d 410, 415, 54 P.3d 147 (2002), our Supreme Court considered

which places a person would '"reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or

surveillance."' (Quoting RCW 9A.44.115(1)(b)(ii).) The Glas court provided examples of

locations where subsection RCW 9A.44.115(l)(c)(ii) would apply. 147 Wn.2d at 416. These

locations include places where a person may not normally disrobe, but if he or she did, he or she

would expect a certain level of privacy as they would in a person's bedroom, bathroom, or a locker

room where someone may undress in front of others. Glas, 147 Wn.2d at416. It would also apply

to places where someone may not normally disrobe, but would nonetheless expect another not to

intrude, either casually or hostilely. Glas, 147 Wn.2d at 416. Our Supreme Court distinguished

these kinds of places from purely public locations, such as the shopping mall or the Seattle Center.

Glas, 147 Wn.2d at 414.

Here, it is undisputed that AS. viewed Lawson by peeking over the restroom stall door in

a place that was clearly delineated for use by women only. Although the women's restroom was

inside an otherwise public building and while a person might not usually disrobe inside the

common area, one expects privacy in a restroom. Glas, 147 Wn.2d at 416. Specifically, a woman

using a women's restroom expects a certain degree of privacy from surveillance or from intrusions,

either casual or hostile, py members of the opposite sex. Accordingly, we hold that the State

presented evidence sufficient for a rational trier of fact to have found that Lawson committed

voyeurism by viewing A.S. in a place where she reasonably expected to be safe from casual or

5

Page 40: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

hostile intrusion or surveillance and, therefore, where she had a reasonable expectation of privacy. 1

Therefore, we affirm Lawson's voyeurism conviction.

C. BURGLARY: A CRIME AGAINST PERSONS OR PROPERTY

Lawson next argues that the evidence is insufficient to support the second degree burglary

convictions because voyeurism is not "a crime against a person or property," which is a

prerequisite to a burglary conviction.2 This argument fails. Lawson relies on State v. Devitt, 152

Wn. App. 907, 912-13, 218 P.3d 647 (2009), where Division Three of this court held that

obstructing the police was not a crime against persons or property for the purpose of a conviction

for second degree burglary. There, the court reached its conclusion in part because the crime at

issue was not listed among several others as a crime against a person under RCW 9.94A.411, a

provision of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1981 (SRA), ch. 9.94A RCW, that governs

prosecutorial standards. But our Supreme Court's decision in State v. Snedden, 149 Wn.2d 914,

73 P.3d 995 (2003), offers a more apt comparison.

In Snedden, our Supreme Court held that indecent exposure was a .crime against a person

and therefore could serve as the predicate crime for second degree burglary. 149 Wn.2d at 919.

There, the court considered the same argument Lawson advances now, that the subject crime was

1 Lawson also argues that the evidence was insufficient to support the voyeurism conviction because there is no evidence that Lawson viewed A.S.'s intimate areas during the Barnes and Noble incident. But viewing a person's intimate areas is merely one of two alternative means of committing voyeurism. The State did not need to prove that its evidence supported the intimate areas alternative because it only argued the reasonable expectation of privacy means.

2 A person is guilty of second degree burglary if, with intent to commit a crime against a person or property therein, he or she enters or remains unlawfully in a building other than a vehicle or dwelling. RCW 9A.52.030(1).

6

Page 41: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

not one "against a person" because it did not appear among the list of such crimes within RCW

9.94A.411. Snedden, 149 Wn.2d at 922. The Snedden court found this unpersuasive. The court

found that RCW 9.94A.411 lists crimes for the purpose of establishing a list of prosecuting

standards and, as such, serves a wholly different purpose than the second degree burglary statute.

Snedden, 149 Wn.2d at 922. Additionally, the court concluded that this list was not applicable in

context because it was enacted several years after the second degree burglary statute and, therefore,

the list could not have been considered by the legislature when adopting the burglary statute.

Snedden, 149 Wn.2d at 922. And furthermore, the SRA list and second degree burglary statutes

are contained in separate chapters of the criminal code, which supports the notion that the

legislature did not intend the SRA list to be used as an interpretive device in other chapters of the

code. Snedden, 149 Wn.2d at 922.

Additionally, the language of the voyeurism statute itself lends credence to the position

that voyeurism is a "crime against a person." A person commits voyeurism when he or she either

views another person without that person's knowledge in a place where he or she has a reasonable

expectation of privacy or when that person views the intimate areas of another person. RCW

9A.44.115(2)(a)-(b ) .

. Accordingly, we hold that voyeurism is a crime against a person and, therefore, can serve

as the predicate crime for second degree burglary. We hold further that the State presented

sufficient evidence for a rational trier of fact to conclude that Lawson is guilty ofthe second degree

burglaries because he entered the women's restroom with the intent to commit a crime against a

person or property. Therefore, we affirm Lawson's second degree burglary conviction.

7

Page 42: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

D. BURGLARY: lMMEDIATEFLIGHT

Finally, Lawson argues that the evidence was insufficient to support his first degree

burglary conviction because it requires proof that the accused "in entering or while in the building

or in immediate flight therefrom, the actor or another participant in the crime ... (b) assaults any

person. RCW 9A.52.020(1). Lawson maintains that he was not in "immediate flight" from the

restroom at Harrison because he was stopped by security officer Nace elsewhere in the building

and because there was no testimony that Lawson appeared to be fleeing from the scene.

Lawson ignores the statute's language that provides that he can be guilty of frrst degree

burglary if he assaults someone "while in the building." Nace first encountered Lawson outside

the restroom that Lawson had entered previously. Nace and another officer took Lawson by each

arm to escort him towards the lobby when Lawson began to struggle to try to get away. Lawson

was shoving, pushing, pulling, and trying to free his arms. At some point during the struggle,

Lawson either kneed Nace or kicked Nace in the knee, causing Nace to fall in pain. Viewe~ in a

light most favorable to the State; this is sufficient evidence for a rational trier of fact to conclude

that the State proved that Lawson assaulted Nace "while in the building or in immediate flight

therefrom." RCW 9A.52.020(1). We hold that Lawson's claim fails for this reason.

In conclusion, we hold that sufficient evidence supports Lawson's voyeurism, second

degree burglary, and first degree burglary convictions. We address Lawson's remaining claims in

the unpublished portion of this opinion. We affirm his convictions.

A majority of the panel having determined that only the foregoing portion ofthis opinion

will be printed in the Washington Appellate Reports and that the remainder shall be filed for public

record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040, it is so ordered.

8

Page 43: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

Lawson also argues that ( 1) his constitutional right to notice of the charges against him was

violated, (2) the trial court abused its discretion by denying Lawson's motion for a bill of

particulars, (3) he was denied his right to a unanimous jury verdict, (4) the trial court erred by

admitting improper propensity evidence under ER 404(b), (5) the sentencing court failed to

properly determine his offender score and standard range, and (6) the trial court erred by ordering

repayment of expenses incurred by the State in prosecuting the alleged crimes as a legal financial

obligation (LFO). Lawson also filed a statement of additional grounds (SAG) in which he alleges

several additional errors. We hold that the first five arguments lack merit, that Lawson's argument

regarding his LFOs is not properly preserved for review, and that Lawson's SAG issues either lack

merit or are not properly before this court. Accordingly, we affirm Lawson's convictions.

ADDITIONAL FACTS

I. INFORMATION AND BILL OF PARTICULARS

The charging document included the relevant dates and county of the alleged crimes, along

with details identifying victims of the voyeurism charges, but otherwise the State relied on the

statutory language to describe each offense. Lawson did not challenge the information's adequacy

before or during his trial.

But Lawson filed a bill of particulars motion before trial, requesting several additional

pieces of information, including whether the State was relying on an unlawful entry or an unlawful

remaining theory, whether there was a victim associated with the May 17 incident at Harrison, and

where A.S. was located during the Barnes and Noble incident that would give rise to a reasonable

expectation of privacy among others. The State clarified which location was associated with each

9

Page 44: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

date and each charge. The trial court then denied Lawson's motion, ruling that all other

information necessary to notify Lawson had been provided through the discovery process.

II. ADMISSION OF ER 404(B) EVIDENCE

Also before trial, the State moved to admit several instances of Lawson's prior misconduct

involving either convictions or allegations of voyeurism or attempted voyeurism. Over Lawson's

objection, the trial court ruled that several incidents of prior misconduct were admissible under ER

404(b ). The following evidence was admitted at trial.

In 2008, R.A.-B. entered the women's restroom inside a Seattle church. When R.A.-B.

turned to flush the toilet, she noticed a mirror underneath the stall divider. She saw that it was a

man, whom she identified as Lawson, in the adjacent stall with his pants down, "kind oftouching

[himself]." 2 Report of Proceedings (RP) at 165. After Lawson was apprehended, witnesses

showed police officers several items they had removed from Lawson, including the mirror,

women's shoes, and women's pantyhose. Eventually, Lawson pleaded guilty to one count of

voyeurism.

In 2010, C.H. used the women's restroom at a Bremerton church. As she left the restroom,

C. H.'s sister told C.H. that she saw a man inside one of the stalls. Both women went back into the

restroom where they saw Lawson, through a gap, standing on the toilet. Lawson left the stall,

claiming that he had mistakenly used the women's restroom. Lawson later pleaded guilty to one

count of attempted voyeurism.

10

Page 45: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

In 2011, Q.H. and P.H. were with their mother, Shannon,3 at her office. Q.H. and P.H.

went to use the women's restroom. P.H. looked behind her to make sure no one was looking at

her when she saw a man's face through the crack in the stalls. Q.H. recalled seeing black women's

high heeled shoes and black leggings in the stall next to her. When her daughters explained that

they had seen a man in the women's restroom, Shannon and her coworker confronted the man,

whom they identified as Lawson, outside the restroom, but Lawson was able to exit through a

stairwell. Shannon positively identified Lawson through a photomontage and he later pleaded

guilty to one count of voyeurism for the incident.

The trial court ruled that these instances of prior misconduct were admissible under the

exception for common scheme or plan because the prior acts were markedly similar and shared a

concurrence of common features with the charged crimes. The trial court concluded further that

the misconduct was relevant and admissible under the exception for motive because it directly

showed a motive to enter or remain unlawfully for the purpose of sexual gratification.

Additionally, the trial court ruled that the prior misconduct was also relevant to show a lack of

accident or mistake.

Following trial and finding Lawson guilty of all charges except the second degree assault

charge, the jury also answered "yes" on special verdict forms when asked whether the crimes

involved sexual motivation, whether a victim was present during the commission of some of the

crimes and, if so, whether the crimes involved an invasion of the victim's privacy.

3 We refer to Shannon by her first name for the sake of confidentiality.

11

Page 46: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

Before the sentencing hearing, the State filed two copies of prior judgment and sentence

documents as proof of Lawson's previous voyeurism convictions. The sentencing court used these

exhibits in conjunction with the State's sentencing memorandum to calculate Lawson's offender

score and standard range. Lawson objected to the presentence report, but not to the State's

calculation of his offender score. The court then sentenced Lawson to 176 months. Lawson

appeals.

ANALYSIS

I. ADEQUACY OF CHARGING INFORMATION

Lawson contends that the State violated his right to notice under the state and federal

constitutions because the charging document was factually inadequate. We hold that the charging

document was constitutionally adequate because the State is entitled to charge a defendant using

the language of the statute when the crime is a statutory offense.

A. STANDARD OF REVIEW AND RULES OF LAW

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides in part, "In all criminal

prosecutions, the accused shall ... be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation." Article

I, section 22 of the Washington State Constitution provides in part, "In criminal prosecutions the

accused shall have the right ... to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him."

We review a challenge to the sufficiency of a charging document de novo. State v. Zillyette,

178 Wn.2d 153, 158, 307 P.3d 712 (2013) (citing State v. Siers, 174 Wn.2d 269,273-74,274 P.3d

358 (2012)). A charging document must allege '"[a]ll essential elements of a crime,"' statutory or

otherwise to provide a defendant with sufficient notice of the nature and cause of the accusation

against him. Zillyette, 178 Wn.2d at 158 (quoting State v. Kjorsvik, 117 Wn.2d 93, 97, 812 P.2d

12

Page 47: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

86 (1991); U.S. CONST. amend. VI; WASH. CONST. art. I, § 22. To satisfy this requirement, the

information must allege (1) "every element of the charged offense" and (2) "particular facts

supporting them." State v. Nonog, 169 Wn.2d220, 226,237 P.3d250 (2010) (citing State v. Leach,

113 Wn.2d 679, 688, 782 P.2d 552 (1989)); see also State v. Simms, 171 Wn.2d 244, 250, 250

P.3d 107 (2011). The primary purpose of the rule is to give the defendant sufficient notice of his

charges so he can prepare an adequate defense. State v. Tandecki, 153 Wn.2d 842, 846, 109 P.3d

398 (2005). Where the information's sufficiency is challenged for the first time on appeal, we

construe the document liberally in favor of validity. Zillyette, 178 Wn.2d at 161 (citing Kjorsvik,

117 Wn.2d at 1 05).

We also distinguish between charging documents that are constitutionally deficient and

those that are merely "vague.~' Leach, 113 Wn.2d at 686. A constitutionally deficient information

is subject to dismissal for failure to state an offense on the face of the charging document by

omitting allegations of the essential elements constituting the offense charged. 4 Leach, 113 Wn.2d

at 686-87. An information that states each statutory element of a crime, but is vague as to some

other significant matter, may be corrected under a bill of particulars. Leach, 113 Wn.2d at 687.

B. INFORMATION NOT CONSTITUTIONALLY DEFICIENT

The State charged Lawson with first and second degree burglary and voyeurism under

RCW 9A.52.020(1), .030(1), and RCW 9A.44.115(2).

The information alleged in relevant part,

On or about May 17, 2012, in the County of Kitsap, State of Washington, the above-named Defendant, with intent to commit a crime against a person or

4 Accord Nonog, 169 Wn.2d at 226 ("Failure to allege each element means that the information is insufficient to charge a crime, and so must be dismissed.").

13

Page 48: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

property therein, entered or remained unlawfully in a building; contrary to the Revised Code of Washington 9A.52.030(1) [Count I].

On or about June 2, 2012, in the County ofKitsap, State of Washington, the above-named Defendant, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, did knowingly view, photograph, or film (a) another person, to wit: AKS, 06/10/1986, without that person's knowledge and consent while the person was in a place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy; and/or (b) the intimate areas of another person, to wit: AKS, 06/10/1986, without that person's knowledge and consent under circumstances where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy, whether in a public or private place; contrary to the Revised Code of Washington 9A.44.115(2) and Laws of 2003, Chapter 213. [Count IV].

Clerk's Papers (CP) at 1-5.

Frequently, charging information is challenged as deficient for its failure to allege essential

legal elements of a charged crime. But here, Lawson asserts that the information was

constitutionally inadequate because it failed to sufficiently allege the facts underlying each element

of the offenses and because the charging document merely "parroted" the language of each statute.

He does not claim that he was unaware of the nature of the charges against him. Instead, Lawson

relies on the following language from Leach, where the court said that

the "essential elements" rule requires that a charging document allege facts supporting every element of the offense, in addition to adequately identifying the crime charged. This is not quite the same as a requirement to "state every statutory element of" the crime charged.

113 Wn.2d at 689. But Lawson's argument is not convincing because the Leach court also

reaffirmed a longstanding rule that an information may rely on the language of a statute if the

statute defines the offense with certainty:

In an information ... for a statutory offense, it is sufficient to charge in the language of the statute if the statute defines the crime sufficiently to apprise an accused person with reasonable certainty of the nature of the accusation.

113 Wn.2d at 686 (citing State v. Grant, 89 Wn.2d 678, 686, 5,75 P.2d 210 (1978)). . I

14

Page 49: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

And Leach "does not impose any additional requirement that the State allege facts beyond

those that sufficiently support the elements of the crime charged or that the State describe the facts

with great specificity." State v. Winings, 126 Wn. App. 75, 85, 107 P.3d 141 (2005) (citing Leach,

113 Wn.2d at 688). Moreover, even if a charging document does fail to allege specific facts, this

failure may render the charging document vague, but it does not render it constitutionally deficient.

State v. Laramie, 141 Wn. App. 332, 340, 169 P.3d 859 (2007).

Here, construed liberally, the information provided Lawson with sufficient notice of the

charges against him. Specifically, the information alleged that on May 17, June 2, and June 19,

2012, Lawson (1) entered or remained in a building, (2) unlawfully, and (3) with intent to commit

a crime against a person or property. It further alleged that on June 2, 2012, Lawson (1) knowingly

viewed, filmed, or photographed, (2) another person, (3) without that person's knowledge, (4) in

a place where the other person had a reasonable expectation of privacy, or (5) viewed the intimate

areas of another person. Accordingly, we hold that the information adequately apprised Lawson

about the nature of the charges and that it was therefore constitutionally sufficient. But because

Lawson requested a bill of particulars, we next address whether the information was vague to the

extent that the trial court abused its discretion by denying Lawson's motion for the same.

II. BILL OF PARTICULARS

Lawson argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his motion for a bill

of particulars because the trial court's denial infringed upon his right to demand the nature and

cause of the accusations against him. We disagree because no bill of particulars is required where

the information called for has been provided either in the charging document or in some other

satisfactory form.

15

Page 50: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

A. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Whether or not to grant a request for a bill of particulars is a matter left to the discretion of

the trial court. State v. Noltie, 116 Wn.2d 831, 845, 809 P .2d 190 (1991 ); CrR 2.1 (c). 5 Discretion

is abused when it is exercised on untenable grounds or for untenable reasons. State v. Dobbs, 180

Wn.2d 1, 10, 320 P.3d 705 (2014) (citing State v. Powell, 126 Wn.2d 244, 258, 893 P.2d 615

(1995)).

A criminal defendant has "a constitutional right to be informed of the nature and cause of

the accusation against him" to enable him to prepare a defense. State v. Bergeron, 105 Wn.2d 1,

18, 711 P.2d 1000 (1985) (citing U.S. CONST. amend. VI; CONST. art. I,§ 22 (amend. 10)). The

purpose of a bill of particulars is to "amplify or clarify particular matters essential to the defense."

State v. Holt, 104 Wn.2d 315, 321, 704 P.2d 1189 (1985). But no bill of particulars is required if

the particulars are already in the charging document or if the information called for has been

provided by the government in some other satisfactory form. Nollie, 116 Wn.2d at 845.

B. DENIAL OFLA WSON'S MOTION

Before trial began, Lawson filed a motion for a bill of particulars alleging that he needed

several specific pieces of information to rriount his defense. Lawson argued that he was entitled

to additional information from the State including whether the State was relying on unlawful entry

or unlawful remaining, and whether it was relying on an intended crime against a person or against

property for purposes of the burglary charge. Lawson also suggested that he needed to know what

5 CrR 2.1 (c) provides, "Bill of Particulars. The court may direct the filing of a bill of particulars. A motion for a bill of particulars may be made before arraignment or within 10 days after arraignment or at such later time as the court may permit."

16

Page 51: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

alleged acts constituted his "common scheme or plan" for purposes of the ER 404(b) evidence the

State intended to use against him. CP at 322. At the hearing on his motion, Lawson argued that

he was entitled to the "specific date and time of the offense, its location, the name of the

complainant and the victim, and the means by which [he] allegedly committed the offense." RP

(Jan. 4, 20 13) at 84.

But Lawson was not entitled to a bill of particulars because the vast majority of this

information had been.made.readily available to Lawson in the charging document and through the

discovery process. Lawson did not dispute the State's contention that Lawson had been provided

full discove~y and did not present any argument to the contrary.6 The charging document already

contained the date, location (by county), and the name and birthdate of any victim involved.

Additionally, the trial court required the State to supplement the charging document by describing

which building was associated with the charge on each of the dates in question. Subsequently, the

trial court ruled that the rest of the information to which Lawson was entitled had already been

provided through the discovery process. Lawson did not object to the court's ruling.

And finally, the State was not required to disclose which alternative means of burglary it

sought to pursue to prove Lawson's guilt. Rather, "[w]hen a statute provides that a crime may be

committed in alternative ways or by alternative means, the information may charge one or all of

6 The statements of probable cause and investigation reports were attached to the first amended information (amended to add the Barnes and Noble incident). These attachments contained narratives relating to each incident that described the facts and the parties involved in detail. Although the State proceeded to trial on the second amended information, the only purpose of the final amendment was to correct a clerical error related to the date of one of the incidents. Additionally, the State asserted that it had essentially provided Lawson with the testimony of every witness because "[i]t's in the reports" and "their testimony will be consistent with that." RP (Dec. 3, 2012) at 9.

17

Page 52: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

the alternatives, provided the alternatives are not repugnant to one another." State v. Bray, 52 Wn.

App. 30, 34, 756 P.2d 1332 (1988). Here, the State opted to include each ofthe alternative means

in the information. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court properly denied Lawson's motion for

a bill of particulars because any particular information to which Lawson was entitled appeared in

the information or was made available in another satisfactory form, namely, the discovery process.

Noltie, 116 Wn.2d at 844. Lawson's claim fails.

Ill. UNANIMOUS JURY VERDICT

Lawson contends that his right to a unanimous jury verdict was infringed both by the trial

court's failure to provide a unanimity instruction when the State relied on multiple acts to prove

one offense and also when the court instructed the jury on alternative means that were not each

supported by the evidence. 7 We hold that no unanimity instruction was required because the

multiple acts that gave rise to the first degree burglary charge constituted a continuing course of

conduct, because the State elected and pursued only one means of committing burglary, and

because the State elected and pursued only one of two alternative means of committing voyeurism.

A. MULTIPLE ACTS

Here, Lawson contends that the second degree burglary conviction violated his right to a

unanimous jury verdict because the State introduced evidence both of Lawson's entrance to

Harrison through the loading dock as well as Lawson's entrance into the women's restroom.

Lawson argues that a Petrich instruction should have been given because it was unclear upon

7 Lawson did request a State v. Petrich instruction, but his argument was related ·to alternative means not "multiple acts." 101 Wn.2d 566, 683 P.2d 173 (1984). But this issue asserts a manifest constitutional error and may be raised for the first time on appeal. State v. Bobenhouse, 166 Wn.2d 881, 893, 214 P.3d 907 (2009).

18

Page 53: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

which act the jury voted to convict. We construe Lawson's entrance into Harrison and his ,

subsequent entrance into the women's restrooms as a continuing course of conduct.

We review the adequacy of jury instructions de novo. State v. Pirtle, 127 Wn.2d 628, 656,

904 P.2d 245 (1995), cert. denied, 518 U.S. 1026 (1996). Our state constitution requires that in a

criminal prosecution, an impartial jury render a unanimous verdict. CONST. art. I, §§ 21, 22; State

v. Ortega-Martinez, 124 Wn.2d 702, 707, 881 P.2d231 (1994); State v. Stephens, 93 Wn.2d 186,

190, 607 P.2d 304 (1980). Washington jurisprudence has produced two distinct lines of analysis

regarding the jury unanimity requirement. The review standard for whether the failure to provide

a unanimity instruction was error hinges on whether we are dealing with an alternative means case

or a multiple acts case. State v. Bobenhouse, 166 Wn.2d 881, 892, 214 P.3d 907 (2009). When

the State presents evidence of multiple acts that couid each form the basis for one charged crime,

the State must choose which of the acts it relied on or the court must give a Petrich instruction to

the jury, requiring them to agree on a specific criminal act.8 State v. Coleman, 159 Wn.2d 509,

511, 150 P.3d 1126 (2007).

But the necessity for a unanimity instruction does not arise where the evidence indicates a

"continuing course of conduct." State v. Locke, 175 Wn. App. 779, 803, 307 P.3d 771 (2013),

review denied, 179 Wn.2d 1021 (2014). To determine whether there is a continuing course of

conduct, we evaluate the facts in a commonsense manner considering the time separating the

criminal acts and whether the criminal acts involved the same parties, location, and ultimate

purpose. State v. Brown, 159 Wn. App. 1, 14, 248 P .3d 518 (20 1 0), review denied, 171 Wn.2d

8 Petrich, 101 Wn.2d at 572-73.

19

Page 54: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

1 015 (20 11 ). Evidence that a defendant engaged in a series of actions intended to secure the same

objective supports the characterization of those actions as a continuing course of conduct rather

than as several distinct acts. State v. Fiallo-Lopez, 78 Wn. App. 717, 724, 899 P.2d 1294 (1995).

Considering the facts in a commonsense manner compels the conclusion that Lawson

entered Harrison and the women's restroom therein as part of a continuing course of conduct for

the purpose of committing voyeurism. The separate acts were close in time and were committed

at the same location. Assuming, without deciding, that entry through the private loading dock area

was a criminal act, Lawson's entry into Harrison was accomplished to further his ultimate purpose

of gaining access to the women's restrooms. Lawson could not have reached his intended

destination without first entering the main building itself. We hold that no unanimity instruction

was required because Lawson's multiple acts were intended to secure the Sai?e objective, to enter

the women's restroom with the intent to commit voyeurism.

B. ALTERNATIVE MEANS

Lawson also argues that his right to a unanimous jury verdict was violated because the

State failed to produce substantial evidence supporting each ofthe alternative means of the alleged

crimes. Whether substantial evidence exists to support each alternative means of the crimes

charged is a matter we need not address because the State argued and presented evidence to the

jury only as to one means for both the burglary and voyeurism charges.

Our analysis regarding a challenge to the unanimity requirement in an alternative means

case differs slightly from a challenge involving multiple acts. When a jury is instructed as to more

than one means of committing a criminal offense, our courts safeguard a defendant's constitutional

right to a unanimous verdict by affirming a conviction only when (1) substantial evidence supports

20

Page 55: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

each alternative means on which evidence or argument was presented, or (2) evidence and

argument is presented on only one means. State v. Witherspoon, 171 Wn. App. 271,285,286 P.3d

996 (2012) (quoting State v. Lobe, 140 Wn. App. 897,905, 167 P.3d 627 (2007)),_aff'd, 180 Wn.2d

875, 329 P.3d 888 (2014).

1. BURGLARY CHARGES

Second degree burglary can be committed by alternative means: either by unlawfully .

entering a building or unlawfully remaining in a building. RCW 9A.52.030. Lawson asserts that

-the State did not introduce substantial evidence to support the "unlawful entry" means. We hold

that Lawson's claim fails because, notwithstanding whether there exists enough evidence to

support the unlawful entry means, the State only presented evidence and argument on the unlawful

remaining means.9

For purposes of the burglary charges, the trial court's "to-convict" instruction provides,

A person commits the crime of burglary in the second degree when he or she enters or remains unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime against a person or property therein.

A person enters or remains unlawfully in a building when he or she is not then licensed, invited, or otherwise privileged to so enter or remain.

A license or privilege to enter or remain in a building which is only partly open to the public is not a license or privilege to enter or remain in that part of the building which is not open to the public[.]

"Unlawful remaining" occurs when (1) a person has lawfully entered a building pursuant to license, invitation or privilege; (2) the invitation, license or privilege is expressly or impliedly limited; (3) the person's conduct violates such limits; and (4) the person's conduct is accompanied by intent to commit a crime in the building.

9 At one point, the State claimed that it was proceeding under both an unlawful entry and an unlawful remaining theory. But the State did so during a colloquy with the trial court, outside the presence of the jury. Before the jury, the State only argued the unlawful remaining theory.

21

Page 56: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

CP at 517.

While the instruction obviously refers to unlawful entry, the record establishes that the .

State only argued the unlawful remaining theory before the jury. In closing argument, the

prosecutor discussed the elements of the "to-convict" instructions on the burglary charges. He

said,

Let's start with the first part, entered or remained unlawfully. The unlawful remaining, the State's burden to prove_ if a person lawfully enters a building purs:uant to license, privilege, or invitation. Start with that. It's Harrison Hospital. It's not in dispute. Most people, general public, can come into Harrison Hospital.

Number 2, the invitation, license, or privilege is expressly or impliedly limited. There's a sign on the door that says women's restroom. It expressly states who can go into that area. Much like an employee only sign, this tells you who is permitted to go in that area. Impliedly, culturally, our society knows, from a young age, women. This sign means women. The bathrooms are divided for a sense of privacy. The person's conduct violates such limits. You saw him go into the women's restroom. You heard from Mr. Burrows, who found him in the women's restroom in the handicapped stall. And his conduct is accompanied by an intentto commit a crime in the building.

4 RP at 559-60.

The State's theory throughout the duration of trial was that Lawson exceeded the scope of

any license or privilege he may have had inside Harrison when he went into the women's restroom

and remained there for extended periods of time. The State never argued or implied that the

restroom itself should be considered a separate building. And it is clear from closing argument

that the legality of Lawson's entry into Harrison itself was not in dispute. Moreover, the prosecutor

went element by element through the definition for unlawful remaining, arguing to the jury that

the State's evidence established each. Accordingly, "'[t]here [wa]s no danger that the jury based

its guilty verdict on the unsupported alternative means."' Witherspoon, 171 Wn. App. at 287 (first

22

Page 57: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

alteration in original) (quoting Lobe, 140 Wn. App. at 909 (Hunt, J., dissenting)). We hold that no

unanimity instruction was required for this reason.

2. VOYEURISM CHARGE

There are two means by which Lawson ·could have committed voyeurism: viewing another

person in a place where that person had a reasonable expectation of privacy, or viewing the

intimate areas of another person without that person's knowledge. RCW 9A.44.115(2)(a)-(b).

Lawson argues that the trial court should have given a unanimity instruction because the State

failed to present substantial evidence to support the "intimate areas" means of committing

voyeurism. We disagree.

Although viewing intimate areas may be an alternative means of committing voyeurism,

there is no mention of "intimate areas" anywhere in the trial court's instructions to the jury. The

court's "to-convict" instruction read,

A person commits the crime of voyeurism when, for the purposes of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, the person knowingly views a second person without the second person's knowledge and consent, and while the second person is being viewed, the second person is in a place where he or she would have a reasonable expectation of privacy.

CP at 527. This instruction contains only the expectation of privacy means. The instruction then

provides definitions for "[v]iew" and "[a] place where a person would have a reasonable

expectation of privacy." CP at 527.

The State also did not attempt to introduce any evidence which purported to establish that

Lawson viewed any victim's intimate areas. And in closing, the prosecutor argued only that

Lawson viewed A.S. (the victim of the Barnes and Noble incident) while she was in the restroom,

a place where she reasonably expected privacy, free from casual or hostile intrusion or

23

Page 58: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

surveillance. Accordingly, like the burglary convictions, "'[t]here [wa]s no danger that the jury

based its guilty verdict on the unsupported alternative means."' Witherspoon, 171 Wn. App. at

287 (first alteration in original) (quoting Lobe, 140 Wn. App. at 909 (Hunt, J., dissenting)). We

so hold.

IV. ER 404(B) EVIDENCE

We turn next to Lawson's argument that the trial court misinterpreted ER 404(b) and

violated Lawson's Fourteenth Amend.ment right to due process by admitting improper propensity

evidence. We hold that the trial court correctly interpreted ER 404(b) and did not abuse its

discretion by admitting the evidence of Lawson's prior misconduct under recognized exceptions

to the general rule.

A. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the trial court's interpretation ofER 404(b) de novo as a matter oflaw. State

v. Foxhoven, 161 Wn.2d 168,174, 163 P.3d 786 (2007). Ifthe trial court interprets ER 404(b)

correctly, we review the trial court's ruling to admit or exclude evidence of misconduct for an

abuse of discretion. Foxhoven, 161 Wn.2d at 174. A trial court abuses its discretion where it fails

to abide by the rule's requirements. Foxhoven, 161 Wn.2d at 174.

Generally, evidence of a defendant's prior misconduct is inadmissible to demonstrate the

accused's propensity to commit the crime charged. ER 404(b) 10; State v. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d 727,

10 ER 404(b) provides, Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character ofa person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.

24

Page 59: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

744, 202 P.3d 937 (2009). But ER 404(b) allows the introduction of prior misconduct for other

purposes like demonstrating motive or intent, common scheme or plan, or lack of mistake or

accident. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 744 n.2. And we readER 404(b) in conjunction withER 403: ER

403 requires the trial court to exercise its discretion in excluding relevant evidence that would be

unfairly prejudicial.

Prior to the admission of misconduct evidence, the court must (1) find by a preponderance

of the evidence the misconduct actually occurred, (2) identify the purpose of admitting the

evidence, (3) determine the relevance of the evidence to prove an element of the crime, and ( 4)

weigh the probative value against the prejudicial effect of the evidence. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 745

(citing State v. Lough, 125 Wn.2d 847, 853, 889 P.2d 487 (1995); Foxhoven, 161 Wn.2d at 175).

Doubtful cases must be resolved in favor of exclusion. State v. Thang, 145 Wn.2d 630, 642, 41

P.3d 1159 (2002).

B. EVIDENCE OF PRIOR MISCONDUCT PROPERLY ADMITIED

In support of his assertion that the trial court misinterpreted ER 404(b) and abused its

discretion by admitting the prior misconduct, Lawson cites the procedure employed by the court

in Fisher. There, the State charged Timothy Fisher with crimes stemming from the sexual abuse

ofhis former step-daughter. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 733. Before trial, the State sought to introduce

evidence that Fisher physically abused his former step-children in order to explain the children's

fear of Fisher as the cause ofthe step-daughter's lengthy delay in reporting the abuse. Fisher, 165

Wn.2d at 734. The trial court determined that the physical abuse evidence would be admissible

25

Page 60: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

under ER 404(b), albeit conditionally. 11 165 Wn.2d at 734. The court recognized the highly

prejudicial nature of the physical abuse evidence and accordingly conditioned admissibility on the

defense's opening of the door. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 734. Only if the defense raised the delay in

reporting as an issue could the State introduce the evidence. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 734, 746.

Our Supreme Court held that the trial court's ruling was proper and concluded that the

ruling made sense given the fact that Fisher was not on trial for or charged with physical abuse

and the physical abuse only became relevant if the defense inquired into the delayed reporting.

Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 746. Here, Lawson urges us to hold that the trial court erred by failing to

similarly condition the admissibility of Lawson's prior misconduct on whether he raised certain

issues. Specifically, Lawson argues that because he never asserted that his entry into the women's

restroom was an accident and because he never challenged the sexual gratification aspect of the

charge, that the trial court should not have admitted any evidence of those issues. But unlike

Fisher, Lawson was on trial for voyeurism and therefore it was proper for the trial court to admit

evidence regarding prior instances of voyeurism or attempted voyeurism as lorig as ER 404(b)

exceptions applied and the trial court properly weighed the potential prejudice of the evidence

against its probative value. Contrary to Lawson's view, the Fisher court did not rule that a court

must conditionER 404(b) evidence on the defense's broaching certain topics, only that such an

approach made sense on the facts of that case.

Here, during the ER 404(b) hearing, the trial court properly applied the rule and carefully

considered whether exceptions applied based on the facts before it. The trial court found that each

11 These rulings were separate and distinct from rulings concerning Fisher's abuse of his current step-children at the time of trial. The Fisher court concluded that the trial court had abused its discretion by admitting evidence regarding the current step-children. Fisher, 165 Wn.2d at 750.

26

Page 61: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

instance of prior misconduct that it ruled admissible had occurred by a preponderance of the

evidence. The trial court then found that each ofthe prior instances showed motive and Lawson's

common scheme.

As to each admissible instance of prior misconduct, the trial court also found that the

evidence was relevant and that the probative value of the evidence outweighed its prejudicial

effect. The trial court also memorialized its rulings in detailed findings of fact and conclusions of

law. The fact that the trial court refused to admit some of the prior misconduct because the alleged

instances were either too remote in time, too dissimilar, or too prejudicial bolsters the position that

the trial court did not haphazardly admit the evidence before properly considering the applicable

factors set forth by our courts. Furthermore, the trial court consistently provided limiting

instructions each time an ER 404(b) witness testified, imploring the jury only to consider the

evidence for the limited purposes for which it ruled the prior misconduct admissible. Accordingly,

we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by admitting evidence of prior misconduct

under ER 404(b).

V. OFFENDER SCORE AND SENTENCING RANGE

We turn to Lawson's argument that his sentence must be vacated when the sentencing court

failed to properly determine his offender score and sentencing range. We hold that the sentencing

court properly determined Lawson's offender score and standard range because the State proved

Lawson's criminal history by a preponderance of the evidence.

A trial court must conduct a sentencing hearing before imposing a sentence on a convicted

defendant. RCW 9.94A.500(1). A defendant's offender score affects the sentencing range and is

generally calculated by adding together the defendant's current offenses and the prior convictions.

27

Page 62: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

RCW 9.94A.589(l)(a). It is well established that the State has the burden to prove prior

convictions at sentencing by a preponderance of the evidence. State v. Hunley, 175 Wn.2d 901,

909-10, 287 P.3d 584 (2012) (citing State v. Ford, 137 Wn.2d 472,479-80, 973 P.2d 452 (1999)).

"The best evidence of a prior conviction is a certified copy of the judgment." Ford, 13 7 Wn.2d at

480.

Lawson's argument that the State provided evidence of only one prior conviction for

voyeurism is unpersuasive. Attached to its sentencing memorandum, the State provided copies of

judgment and sentence documents that established that Lawson had two prior convictions for

. voyeurism. The State and the trial court relied on no more· than these two previous convictions

and the convictions Lawson now appeals in calculating his offender score. Therefore, the trial

court relied on no more information than that which was admitted by the plea agreement, or

admitted, acknowledged, or proved in a trial or at the time of sentencing. RCW 9.94A.530(2). We

hold that Lawson's claim fails.

VI. LEGAL FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS

Finally, Lawson argues for the first time on appeal that the sentencing court lacked the

statutory authority to order him to pay the cost of court-appointed attorney fees when he

represented himself throughout the trial. Lawson argues further that the trial court erred by

ordering him to pay costs and fees without first inquiring as to his present or future ability to satisfy

those obligations. We decline to exercise our discretion to review this issue raised for the first

time on appeal. RAP 2.5(a); State v. Blazina, 174 Wn. App. 906, 911, 301 P.3d 492, review

28

Page 63: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

granted, 178 Wn.2d 1010 (2013). We hold that Lawson failed to properly preserve the issue for

review. 12

VII. STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS

Lawson filed a SAG in which he alleges several additional errors. We hold that these

claims likewise fail. 13

A. ACCESS TO THE COURTS

Lawson asserts that he was subjected to "overwhelmingly oppressive interference" and

denied access to the courts. SAG at 15. Lawson claims that the trial court did not give him

adequate time to prepare, restricted his ability to interview witnesses, and did not provide him with

adequate resources. We hold that Lawson was not denied access to the court.

Article I, section 22 affords a pretrial detainee, who has exercised his constitutiomil right

to represent himself, a right of reasonable access to State-provided resources that will enable him

to prepare a meaningful pro se defense. What measures are necessary or appropriate to constitute

reasonable access lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Silva, 107 Wn. App.

605, 622-23, 27 P.3d 663 (2001).

12 Regarding Lawson's claim that he should not be required to pay court-appointed attorney fees because he proceeded pro se, we note that he did have a court-appointed attorney representing him from June 2012 until November 2012.

13 We already addressed Lawson's argument that his sentence was unconstitutional because his offender score was improperly calculated. This claim was raised and addressed as part of Lawson's opening brief. Likewise, we decline to address Lawson's argument regarding the cumulative error doctrine because the cumulative error doctrine does not warrant reversal where this court finds that there has been no error. Lawson also appears to make an equal protection argument based on membership in a suspect class as "black and male." SAG at 30. But he fails to inform this court as to the nature and occurrence ofthe alleged error. RAP 10.10(c).

29

Page 64: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

In Silva, Silva did not have physical access to a law library; rather, he was given copies of

cases and legal publications he requested by citation. 107 Wn. App. at 623. The trial court did

not assign Silva an investigator, nor was he always given advance notice to prepare for interviews.

Silva, 107 Wn. App. at 624. Contrary to Silva's assertion that the State provided insufficient

recourses, Division One of this court found that Silva's access to legal material, pencils and paper,

copying services, inmate's telephone, ability to serve subpoenas through the sheriffs office,

witness interviews, and postage, among other things, constituted reasonable tools necessary to

prepare a meaningful pro se defense. Silva, 107 Wn. App. at 625-26.

Here, Lawson opted to represent himself notwithstanding the trial court's suggestion to the

contrary. Lawson was then appointed an investigator to arrange and conduct interviews, which

the prosecutor expressly stated would be accommodated and made available at the State's office.

The trial court granted continuances to allow Lawson to prepare. Lawson was provided with

copies of the State's exhibits, with pencils, paper, access to the jail law library, the inmate's

telephone, the use of the sheriffs office to serve subpoenas, and to postage. Accordingly, as in

Silva, Lawson was provided with the tools that our State constitution requires as necessary to

prepare a meaningful pro se defense. 107 Wn. App. at 625-26. Lawson's claim fails.

B. BURGLARY STATUTE

1. OVERBREADTH

Lawson argues that the burglary statutes under which he was convicted are

unconstitutionally overbroad and are also void for vagueness. Regarding his claim thatch. 9A.52

RCW is overbroad, Lawson asserts that the statute effectively criminalized his lawful protest

against the City of Bremerton for its "deprivation of his property right to water." SAG at 25.

30

Page 65: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

. Lawson argues further that the statute is overbroad because it is not unlawful for a member of the

public to use restroom facilities designated for the opposite sex.

We review de novo a trial court's interpretation of constitutional provisions and legislative

enactments. State v. Imme/t, 173 Wn.2d 1, 6, 267 P.3d 305 (2011). Generally, legislative

enactments are presumed to be constitutional. Immelt, 173 Wn.2d at 6. "'A law is overbroad if it

sweeps within its prohibitions constitutionally protected free speech activities.'" State v. Bradford,

175 Wn. App. 912, 922, 308 P.3d 736 (2013) (quoting City ofSeattle v. Huff, 111 Wn.2d 923, 925,

767 P.2d 572 (1989)), review denied, 179 Wn.2d 1010 (2014).

But the statute, by its own language, is not unconstitutionally overbroad because it

necessarily exempts lawful conduct and the First Amendment does not purport to protect criminal

activity. To be guilty of burglary in any degree, a person must (1) unlawfully enter or remain, (2)

with the intent to commit a crime, (3) against a person or property. Lawson's argument is

unavailing because if his version of the events were believed, the State could not have proved the

elements of a burglary beyond a reasonable doubt. Regardless of the legality of using a restroom

meant for members of the opposite sex, Lawson would not have been guilty of burglary had he

entered the women's restroom for the purpose of a constitutionally protected, lawful demonstration

of some kind. Instead, the State's evidence showed that Lawson entered the women's restrooms

with the intent to commit voyeurism, which is not constitutionally protected free speech or

conduct. Lawson's claim fails.

2. VAGUENESS

Lawson contends that the burglary statute was unconstitutionally vague. But Lawson

makes no argument related to principles of vagueness. Instead, he argues that proof of intent to

31

Page 66: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

commit a crime does not establish unlawful entry and vice versa. Lawson fails to inform this court

as to the nature and occurrence ofhis vagueness challenge. RAP lO.lO(c).

C. "VINDICTIVE PROSECUTION"

Lawson contends that the State engaged in "vindictive" prosecution because the State

applied different "charging standards" to him as it did to other "similarly situated" criminal

defendants in Kitsap County. SAG at 9. Lawson suggests that the State's decision to prosecute

him in this manner, because he is African American and because he is a male, signifies the "re­

emergence of unconstitutional 'Jim Crow' laws." SAG at 9.

But Lawson cites no authority to support the proposition that the State must consider

"similarly situated" criminal defendants when it determines which crimes it will charge. Most

importantly, there is no evidence nor are there facts existing in the record to support this contention

or any contention that the State engaged in racial or gender discrimination by charging him as it

did. And if a defendant wishes to raise issues on appeal that require evidence or facts not in the

existing trial record, the appropriate means of doing so is through a personal restraint petition

(PRP). State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322,335,899 P.2d 1251 (1995). We hold Lawson's claim

fails for this reason.

D. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

Lawson argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel during the portion of the

proceedings where he was represented because his appointed counsel failed to sufficiently

investigate Lawson's case, resulting in lost access to exculpatory evidence, and because counsel

failed to request the presence of witnesses at the ER 404(b) hearing.

32

Page 67: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

Lawson offers no authority to support his claim that witnesses must be present during a

pretrial hearing regarding the admissibility of ER 404(b) evidence. Furthermore, whether

Lawson's appointed counsel sufficiently investigated his case again relies on evidence and facts

outside the record before this court. Accordingly, this issue is properly raised in a PRP.

McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 335.

E. PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT

Lawson appears to contend that the State committed prosecutorial misconduct because the

State presented false and misleading evidence of sexual impropriety and because the prosecutor

committed misconduct in closing argument by suggesting to the jury that Lawson was witnessed

"touching himself in front of an. 11-year old girl." SAG at 32. We hold that no misconduct

occurred because the "false evidence" was witness testimony and the State merely mentioned the

same testimony in closing argument.

To establish prosecutorial misconduct, Lawson has the burden of establishing that the

challenged conduct was both improper and prejudicial. State v. Cheatam, 150 Wn.2d 626, 652,

81 P.3d 830 (2003). If a defendant fails to object to misconduct at trial, he fails to preserve the

issue unless he establishes that the misconduct was so flagrant and ill-intentioned that it caused an

enduring prejudice that could not have been cured with an instruction to the jury. State v.

Thorgerson, 172 Wn.2d 438, 442, 258 P.3d 43 (2011). The focus of this inquiry is more on

whether the resulting prejudice could have been cured, rather than the flagrant or ill-intentioned

nature ofthe remark. State v. Emery, 174 Wn.2d 741, 762,278 P.3d 653 (2012).

Here, the "false and misleading" evidence to which Lawson refers appears to be testimony

from R.A.-B., the victim of the Seattle church incident. R.A.-B. testified that she saw Lawson in

33

Page 68: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

No. 44744-4-II

the adjacent stall with his pants down, "kind oftouching [himself]." 2 RP at 165. Lawson contests·

the veracity of this testimony because R.A.-B. stated that she only saw Lawson pulling his pants

up during a defense interview related to that case. But the fact that R.A.-B.'s testimony during

Lawson's trial was not identical to statements she made years earlier does not mean that her

statements were untrue. Even were that the case, Lawson fails to show how perjury by a witness

would support a prosecutorial misconduct claim. R.A.-B. testified under oath. There is nothing

in the record to suggest the State presented "false evidence."

Lawson also claims for the first time on appeal that the State committed prosecutorial

misconduct in closing argument when the prosecutor said, "And in the prior cases, he's viewing

little girls in the women's restroom ... and he's touching himself." 4 RP at 586. Lawson argues

that these are "material misstatements." But Lawson failed to object below and his claim fails

because the prosecutor did not make any improper argument. The evidence demonstrated that

Lawson did view two young girls while in the women's restroom on one occasion. And, as

mentioned, there was testimony that he had been seen touching himself. Lawson's prosecutorial

misconduct claim fails.

Affirmed.

We concur:

34

Page 69: J - Washington · Received Washington State Supreme Court _.- MAR 2 7 2015 ~ C9f Ronald R. Carpenter ----._) -"'< u ?R t: M E. C __ a u ~ -r /V o .___,_'---J_r.....;o

Received Washington State Supreme Court

MAR 2 7 2015

/1 M Ronald R. Carpenter l _,-/cRT/ FICATE OF _A JLNC.._ Clerk

I C£~/tFY Tl-/1\{ ON/If£ 7JAT!E 731~1,_0\AI T DICP06J TtED 0;1112 {() TRUf. AI'IO {!QK.Rt-.:.CT

OR lG.JI'/A"- oF THIE /-tJ/._A-0 'v../Jd~ 'DoCuM R-A/I(SJ:

. /V1 o-r;o;u I oR. l_n-A VIC To F11..£ AAI 0v£R-fv £/'I C. 11-1 ~E -r 1 r ro.r../

. ·pRo Po S Jc o PiC I/ T1 o/11 /-o i< X iC V 1 12: W

/AI TritE J;Volrrur;o;l/,/i!L MAJJ......t5YSTR.Ail o~

A 11< WAY /-/tE 161-J r5 ci)'Kf.?.EC-/101'/ 5 CIE/'17"/CJZ/ ?.. 0. 73ox.cJot./9; Ao~-W'AY H£tG.Hrs 1 LJA.~ f'900I­!J0'-/9 PuR5UA f./1 ro a?- 3¥ I AAI f) /Vl AD~ ARt<. A/\/ c; !CM Fil'l/5 FoR ]J0:5TAG £ MAl t_.i~ D To:

7&e- 5 UP?.. E-M fi:_ Co<fl.-r OF \;)Ac5HIIv(-; To..../ /£M?l-...\;;_ OF JuS(JCK:

?, 0. box .II 0 I d-9 OLVMflA \.JA 9f50~-09d-~

I

-I; GxoFF'i<ICY rx. l!tvv'SONJ C/Ci<.I!FY (orz.. DtiCt...A~\2.) u.NofC.a_ Pti.wAt...iY or- P£f<J u~<.-'f U "' 0 ~~ 7?/1C,. A...A 'w"5 0 F THIC 5rA 7iC: OF

~ A.SrltdG"!o/'1 /h'AI /rl/~ ~oR.1£ GOII'IIG 1$ /i<Vfi..

A-1-10 CD1< ~fCC. r.

E)<. k c U{/C 0 Tr/1 5 d 3 R \) p A y 0 F JV1 A K.C..I-\ J ~ 0} 5 /1'1 ,A1~w AY j-/JCJGH/51 tJ ASH lNG ro 1-/

71 /EOFFR.Rf • MvJSotY

poC.-~±33Y 1d-'( -_j-