Causes and Effects of SuperstormsAssociated with the Magnetic Field in the Corona and the Heliosphere

J. Todd Hoeksema

Stanford University

Premonition of Activity

14 DaysBeforeCMP!

Observations of Regions 486 & 488

14D Before

Central Meridian

14D Later

Far Side

The Photosphere

The Magnetic Field

Another View of the Surface

The Coronal Response

Tom BridgmanNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio

The Heliospheric Field

The Heliospheric Field

Several Rotations

-3

-1

0

+1

+2

+6

Did the open field line connections change?

Thanks to Yang Liu at StanfordFor the following figures

12

Evolution of magnetic field in this period

Central meridian: CR2007_290** degree in Longitude (Sept. 4)

Central meridian: CR2008_290** degree in Longitude (Oct. 1)

Central meridian: CR2009_290**

degree in Longitude (Oct. 28)

Central meridian: CR2010_290** degree in Longitude (Nov. 25)

**Not usual 180 centering

13

Evolution of magnetic field in this period

Central meridian: CR2007_290 degree in Longitude (Sept. 4)

Central meridian: CR2008_290 degree in Longitude (Oct. 1)

Central meridian: CR2009_290 degree in Longitude (Oct. 28)

Central meridian: CR2010_290 degree in Longitude (Nov. 25)

Date

(mm/dd/yy)

Time

(UT)

Speed

(cone)

Accel.

(cone)

Flares

(Preliminary)

10/21/03 03:54 1853 -226.5 AR0484 C8/SF

10/28/03 11:30 2319 -135.8 AR0486 X17/4B

10/29/03 20:54 2093 -186.6 AR0486 X10/2B

11/02/03 17:30 2986 -193.3 AR0486 X8/2B

11/04/03 12:06 1020 -40.6 AR0486 C6

11/04/03 19:54 2996 -385.5 AR0486 X28/3B

11/07/03 15:54 2233 -85.0 AR0486

11/11/03 13:54 2436 -340.0 AR0498 M1/SF

11/18/03 08:50 1663 -69.2 AR0501 M3.9

11/18/03 09:50 2720 210.1 M4.5

14

AR0464 (0484, 0501) and large-scale magnetic fieldCR2007:290: Sept 4 CR2008:290: Oct 1

15

AR0486, AR0488 and large-scale magnetic fieldCR2008:290: Oct 1 CR2009:290: Oct 28

16

Extremely fast halo CMEs and active regions

Date(mm/dd/yy)

Time(UT)

Speed(cone)

Accel.(cone)

Flares(Preliminary)

10/21/03 03:54 1853 -226.5 AR0484 C8/SF

10/28/03 11:30 2319 -135.8 AR0486 X17/4B

10/29/03 20:54 2093 -186.6 AR0486 X10/2B

11/02/03 17:30 2986 -193.3 AR0486 X8/2B

11/04/03 12:06 1020 -40.6 AR0486 C6

11/04/03 19:54 2996 -385.5 AR0486 X28/3B

11/07/03 15:54 2233 -85.0 AR0486

11/11/03 13:54 2436 -340.0 AR0498 M1/SF

11/18/03 08:50 1663 -69.2 AR0501 M3.9

11/18/03 09:50 2720 210.1 M4.5

AR0464 (a.k.a. 0484, 0501) emerged within/close to an area with large-scale open magnetic field .

AR0486, together with AR0488, produced a big open field area after they emerged.

The active regions associated with these high speed halo CMEs are closely associated with sources of already open magnetic flux, except AR0498.

In this way the open magnetic field provides an avenue for CMEs to blow out.

?

17

AR0498 and large-scale magnetic fieldCR2009:160

18

Conclusions

• The photospheric field changed dramatically in CR 2009; October 2003

• Numerous dramatic high-speed CME’s blasted through the corona and heliosphere

• New flux emerged in such a way as to reinforce the existing structure

• New open flux regions had easy access to the heliosphere

• The ambient large-scale structure of the heliospheric current sheet changed very little!

• This is consistent with earlier results of Zhao & Hoeksema, JGR, 1996.