jakarta flood donor presentation
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Jakarta Floods
Hongjoo HahmWorld Bank
JanJaap BrinkmanDeltares - Delft Hydraulics
The World Bank
Jakarta flood management
• Part 1: The basics - Spatial Planning• Part 2: The flood of February 2007• Part 3: No-regret measures• Part 4: Tide and High tide floods• Part 5: Water specialist center, short-term actions• Part 6: Actions and financing structure
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Part 1
The basics: Spatial planning
“We live in a changing world”
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Total urban area % (java-bali spatial plan)2000 - 2025
Total urban area % (java-bali spatial plan)
2000 - 2025
It is really happeningIt is really happeningLanduse, JabodetabekLanduse, Jabodetabek19921992
20022002
Perubahan Penutup/Penggunaan Lahan di Daerah Puncak dan sekitarnyaMenggunakan Data Inderaja Landsat-TM
30-07-1992 17-09-2001U
G. Pangrango G. Pangrango
It is really happeningUrban area, G. Pangrango
1992 - 2001
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tugu
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
time (hours)
rainfall
(mm)
Land-use & Rainfall runoff
(Katulampa)
0
400
0
0.9
m3/s
m3/s
Fast runoffUrban
Slow runoffNon-Urban
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Part 2
Flood February 2007
Hydrology
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Daily rainfall Feb 2
Feb 1; 07:00 –
Feb 2; 07:00
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Daily rainfall Feb 4
Feb 3; 07:00 –
Feb 4; 07:00
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Inflow Ciliwung Febr 2007Katu Lampa - Manggarai
Banjir 31/01 - 06/02, 2007
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 144
m3
/s
Inflow 17
Inflow 16
Inflow 15
Inflow 14
Inflow 13
Inflow 12
Inflow 11
Inflow 10
Inflow 9
Inflow 8
Inflow 7
Inflow 6
Inflow 5
Inflow 4
Inflow 3
Inflow 2
Katu Lampa
1
23
5
67
8 9
10
1312
14 15
11
16
4
17
6
Katu Lampa
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Flood February 2007
Hydraulics & Flood extent
Unique
• “Complete upstream-downstream flood modelling framework now available for all major drainage including all 13 rivers”
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West Banjir canal
Part 3
No-regret ST Measures
Rehabilitation“Restore original-available
design capacity”-Dredging
-Dike improvement
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1 August 2007
C: River Embankment Rehabilitation
1. Confirmation of Scope of Works
West Banjir Canal – Longitudinal Section
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1 August 2007
C: River Embankment Rehabilitation
1. Confirmation of Scope of Works
Cengkareng Floodway – Longitudinal Section
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A: Urgent Maintenance Dredging
1. Scope of Works
National Importance
West banjir canaldesign
No-regret ST Measures
“East-Banjir Canal”
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• Stepwise approach:
A. Cipinang-Sunter-Buaran-Cakung(With increased Cipinang-Sunter capacity)
B. Finish EBC-NE stretchC. Optimize Manggarai gateD. Connect with Ciliwung
WBC EBC
Cakung
Sunter
Cipinang
Manggarai
Ciliwung
Increase capacity
Increase capacity
No-regret ST Measures
EBC-CAK-CIL-Manggarai Simulation 2007
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Existing – flood 2007
EBC-CAK-CIL-Manggarai
Part 4
Tidal analysisHigh Tide floods
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Animation of tide in South China Sea
Animation of tide in western Java Sea
Spring tide analysis
• Prediction based on analysed tidal constituents Tanjung Priok
• Only spring tides are plotted
• Upper plot: 18.6 year cycle caused by eliptical orbit moon
• Lower plot: semi-annual cycle presumably caused by interaction diurnal and semi-diurnal spring-neap cycle
Astronomic tide
Sea level anomaly
Flood event June 2007
• Increase in water level due to MSLA
• Spring tide (at semi-annual high)
flooding reported at June 14, ~10.00 pmFebruary 2007, not exceptional
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Future high spring tides
Next semi-annual high spring tide: October 29, November 26, December 24 -2007, January 21
Following semi-annual high spring tide: June 4, 2008
Month with the highest average MSLA!
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November 26, 2007
Subsidence
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1980
2003
Land-use change
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Pluit 1989, 2007, 2025(Positive view)
240 cm
Pasar Ikan cm
Nov 1989 Nov 2007 Nov 2025
Nov 26, 2007
190 cm Oct 29, 2007
140 cm
215220
225
subsidence
40-60 cm
40-60 cm
Climate changeSea level rise
subsidence
Critical level 2007
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240 cm
Pasar Ikan cm
Nov 1989 Nov 2007 Nov 2025
Nov 26, 2007
190 cm Oct 29, 2007
140 cm
215220
225
subsidence
40-60 cm
40-60 cm
Climate changeSea level rise
subsidence
2025:
80-100 cm increase
18.6 year cycle
Pluit 1989, 2007, 2025(Positive view)
Critical level 2007
Sea level Nov 26
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High tide floods 2007: “Signs of a sinking Jakarta”
Pluit 1989-2007 2007-2025 TotalSea level rise 4-6 cm 4-6 cm 8-12 cmSubsidence 40-60 cm 40-60 cm 80-120 cm
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Jadebotabek Water Resources
Management Study (JWRMS,1994)
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Part 5
“Strong knowledge base”
“Short-term action”
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Flood HazardMapping
• Still a lot of confusion!! – Who is right? – Who is going to solve this?– Who dares to make decision?
• One storey from specialists required!
• “Water knowledge center” for DKI - Jabodetabek
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Part 5
Actions and Financing mechanism
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ACTION PLAN
• Short Term:
– Dredging / East Banjir Canal / Manggarai Gate
– Stop Ground Water Extraction (industrial)– Early Warning System– Strict Building Codes
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ACTION PLAN
• Medium Term:
– Bulk Water Supply– Stop Ground Water Extraction (household)– Solid Waste Management– Low Income Housing / Slum Improvement
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ACTION PLAN
• Long Term:
– Water Quality– Water Retention Basin / Catchment Area /
Sea Defense– Land Use and Spatial Planning
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Jakarta Floods
Hongjoo HahmWorld Bank
JanJaap BrinkmanDeltares – Delft Hdraulics
Thank you!
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