DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUGS ACTIONS CONTRAINDICATION INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS

GENERIC NAME

(Chlorampenicol)

BRAND NAME

(Chloromycetin Sodium

Sumlinate)

CLASSIFICATION:

( antibiotic used to treat a

variety of bacterial

infections)

 a bacteriostatic drug

that stops bacterial

growth by inhibiting

protein synthesis.

Chloramphenicol

prevents protein

chain elongation by

inhibiting

the peptidyl

transferase activity

of the

bacterial ribosome.

Chloramphenicol is

contraindicated if another

drug can be used instead

due to its potential to cause

bone marrow depression.

Not recommended for use with

Tylan, azithromycin or

erythromycin, as they may be

antagonistic with

chloramphenicol.

Acetaminophen will elevate

chloramphenicol levels.

Chloramphenicol has the

potential to antagonize

bactericidal activity of the

penicillins and

aminoglycosides.

To treat serious

infections due to

organisms resistant to

other less toxic

antibiotics, or when its

penetration into the site

of infection is clinically

superior to other

antibiotics. Those

bacteria sensitive to this

drug include clostridium,

chlamydia, mycoplasma,

and salmonella.

This medication may cause

stomach upset, diarrhea ,headache

nausea, and vomiting which should

disappear in a few days as your

body adjusts to the medication. If

these symptoms persist or become

severe, inform your doctor. Notify

your doctor immediately if you

experience: fever, fatigue, sore

throat, unusual bleeding or

bruising, abdominal pain bloating,

vision changes or eye pain,

tingling of the hands or feet.

DRUG STUDY

Rifampin may decrease serum

chloramphenicol levels. 38

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUGS ACTIONSCONTRAINDICATION

INDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS

GENERIC NAME(Ranitidine)

BRAND NAME(Zantac)

CLASSIFICATION:(Anti-ulcer agents)

Inhibits the action

of histamine at the

H2 receptor site

located primarily in

gastric parietal cells,

resulting in

inhibition of gastric

acid secretion.

• In addition,

ranitidine bismuth

citrate has some

antibacterial action

against H. pylori.

Hypersensitivity, Cross-

sensitivity may occur; some

oral liquids contain alcohol and

should be avoided in patients

with known intolerance.

Treatment and

prevention of heartburn,

acid indigestion, and sour

stomach.

• CNS:

Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness,

hallucinations, headache

• CV:

Arrhythmias

• GI:

Altered taste, black tongue,

constipation, dark stools, diarrhea,

drug-induced hepatitis, nausea

• GU:

Decreased sperm count, impotence

• ENDO:

Gynecomastia

• HEMAT:

Agranulocytosis, Aplastic Anemia,

neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

39

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUGS ACTIONSCONTRAINDICATION

INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS

GENERIC NAME:(Manitol)

BRAND NAME:(Osmirol)

CLASSIFICATION:(Osmotic diuretic)

Increases osmotic

pressure of plasma

in glomerular

filtrate, inhibiting

tubular reabsorption

of water

andelectrolytes

(including sodium

and potassium).

These actions

enhance water flow

from various

tissuesand ultimately

decrease intracranial

and intraocular

pressures

Active intracranial bleeding

(except during craniotomy),

anuria secondary to severe renal

disease,progressive heart

failure, pulmonary congestion,

renal damage, or renal

dysfunction after

mannitoltherapy begins, severe

pulmonary congestion or

pulmonary edema, and severe

dehydration.

Test dose for marked

oliguria or suspected

inadequate renal

function, prevent acute

renal failure

duringcardiovascular and

other surgeries, acute

renal failure, to reduce

intracranial pressure and

brain mass,reduce

intraocular pressure, to

promote dieresis in drug

toxicity, irrigation during

transurethralresection of

prostate

CNS: dizziness, headache, seizures

CV: chest pain, hypotension,

hypertension,

tachycardia, thrombophlebitis,

heart failure, vascularoverload

EENT: blurred vision, rhinitisGI:

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry

mouthGU: polyuria, urinary

retention, osmotic

nephrosisMetabolic: dehydration,

water intoxication,

hypernatremia, hyponatremia,

hypovolemia,

hypokalemia,hyperkalemia,

metabolic acidosis.

40

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUGS ACTIONS CONTRAINDICATION INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS

GENERIC NAME:

(Dexamethasone)

BRANDNAME:

(Dexasone)

CLASSIFICATION:

(Corticosteroid,

Glucocorticoid, Hormone )

Is a synthetic

glucocorticoid

which decreases

inflammation by

inhibiting the

migration of

leukocytes and

reversal of increased

capillary

permeability. It

suppresses normal

immune response

Existing

gastrointestinal ulceration

Cushing's syndrome

Severe forms of heart

insufficiency

Severe hypertension

Uncontrolled diabetes

mellitus

Systemic tuberculosis

Severe systemic viral,

bacterial, and fungal

infections

Pre-existing wide

angle glaucoma

Osteoporosis

Hypercalcemia

associated with cancer

Short-term

management of

various inflammatory

and allergic

disorders, such as

rheumatoid arthritis,

collagen diseases

(SLE), dermatologic

diseases

(pemphigus), status

asthmaticus, and

autoimmune

disorders

Hematologic

disorders:

Thrombocytopenic

Hypersensitivity; active untreated

infections; ophthalmic use in viral,

fungal disease of the eye.

41

42

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION INDICATION SIDE EFFECT

Penicillin G Procaine

CLASSIFICATION:(Antibiotic)

 is bound to serum

protein. The drug

is distributed

throughout the

body tissues in

widely varying

amounts. Highest

levels are found in

the kidneys with

lesser amounts in

the liver, skin, and

intestines.

Penicillin G

penetrates into all

other tissues to a

lesser degree with

a very small level

found in the

A previous hypersensitivity

reaction to any penicillin is a

contraindication.

 is indicated in the

treatment of

moderately severe

infections in both

adults and pediatric

patients due to

penicillin-G-

susceptible

microorganisms that

are susceptible to the

low and persistent

serum levels

common to this

particular dosage

form in the

indications listed

below. Therapy

should be guided by

 is a substance of low toxicity

but does possess a significant

index of sensitization. The

following hypersensitivity

reactions associated with use

of penicillin have been

reported: Skin rashes, ranging

from maculopapular eruptions

to exfoliative dermatitis;

urticaria; serum-sicknesslike

reactions, including chills,

fever, edema, arthralgia, and

prostration. 

DRUG STUDY

cerebrospinal

fluid. With normal

kidney function,

the drug is

excreted rapidly by

tubular excretion.

In neonates and

young infants and

in individuals with

impaired kidney

functions,

excretion is

considerably

delayed.

bacteriological

studies (including

susceptibility tests)

and by clinical

response. 

43

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUG ACTION

CONTRAINDICATION

INDICATION SIDE EFFECT

GENERIC NAME:(Paracetamol)

BRAND NAME:(Paracetamol)

CLASSIFICATION(Analgesic and antipyretic drug)

Paracetamol

reduces the

synthesis of

prostaglandins

which are

responsible for the

mediation of pain

and fever.

Paracetamol is contraindicated

in hypersensitivity, analgesic

nephropathy, renal and

hepatic impairment.

Paracetamol has

analgesic and

antipyretic action

with weak anti-

inflammatory action.

It is commonly used

in fever and in mild

to moderate pain.

A rash

hypotension

(low blood

pressure) when

given in

hospital by

infusion (a

continuous drip

of medicine

into a vein in

your arm) 

liver and

kidney damage,

when taken at

higher-than-

recommended

doses

(overdose)

44

45

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION INDICATION SIDE EFFECT

GENERIC NAME:

(Diazepam)

BRAND NAME:

(Valium)

CLASSIFICATION:

Antianxiety agents,

anticonvulsants,

sedative/hyptonics,

skeletal muscle relaxants

(centrally acting)

Depress the CNS,

probably by potentiating

GABA, an inhibitory

neurotransmitter.

- Produces

skeletal muscle relaxation

by inhibiting spinal

polysynaptic afferent

pathways.

- Has anticonvul-sant

properties due to

enhanced presynaptic

inhibi-tion.Therapeutic

effects:

(1) Relief of Anxiety

(2) Sedation

(3) Amnesia

(4)

Skeletal muscle relaxant

(5) Decreased seizure

- Hypersensitivity

- Cross-sensitivity with other

benzodiazepines may occurs

- Comatose patients

- Pre-existing CNS depression

- Uncontrolled severe painUse

cautiously in:

1) Hepatic dysfunction

2) Severe renal impairment

3) History of suicide attempt

or drug dependence

Adjunct in the

management of:

1) Anxiety

2) Preoperative sedation

3) Conscious sedation

- Provides light

anesthesia and

anterograde amnesia

- Treatment of status

epilepticus/ uncontrolled

seizures

-

Skeletal muscle relaxant

- Management of the

symptoms of alcohol

withdrawal

- CNS:

1) dizziness

2) drowsiness

3) lethargy

4) hangover

5) headache

6) depression

- EENT:

1) blurred vision

- RESP:

1) respiratory

depression

- CV:

1) hypotension

- GI:

1) constipation

2) diarrhea

3) nausea

4) vomiting

- DERM: 46

DRUG STUDY

activity 1) rashes

- LOCAL:

1) pain (IM)

2) phlebitis (IV)

3) venous

thrombosis

- MISC:

1) physical &

psychological

depen-dence

2)tolerance

47

DRUG STUDY