JAN, 1861EconomicSeizure of Federal Forts and Arsenals

Social 3 9 10 11 19 26DE not MS FL AL GA LASecede St of West

Political 12 27 29 Seward Seward KS Conciliation Speech Unionist admitted Ltr

NORTH – Change of attitude – seizures and Star of the West

SOUTH – Shift to secession – Star of the West and Anderson’s move to Sumter

JAN 9, 1861 – Star of the West & The Citadel Cadets

From Harper’s Weekly, JAN 26, 1861

Citadel cadets firing on the Star of the West

Jan 9, 1861

Big Red Now on display at The Citadel, Charleston

William Stewart SimkinsAs a Citadel Cadet, 1861

U of TX law professor, 1899-1929

University of Texas Board Rechristens Dorm Named After Klan Organizer

AUSTIN, Texas (July 15, 2010, Associated Press) -- A University of Texas residence hall named after a Ku Klux Klan organizer is getting a new identity.

The school's Board of Regents unanimously decided today that Simkins Residence Hall -- named for William Stewart Simkins, who taught at the School of Law for 30 years -- will instead be called Creekside Residence Hall.

Secession in the Gulf States

DEC 20, 1860 – South CarolinaJAN 9, 1861 – Mississippi

JAN 10, 1861 – FloridaJAN 11, 1861 – AlabamaJAN 19, 1861 – Georgia

JAN 26, 1861 – LouisianaFEB 23, 1861 – Texas

Alabama SecessionJanuary 11, 1861

61 X 39 Yea Nay

Republic of Winston

1st AL Cavalry USV

Secession in Georgia – January 19, 1861Howell Cobb Alexander Stephens

-“Razor-thin vote possibly manipulated by Gov Joe Brown- Mountain counties along TN border threatened to secede.- Counties along FL border become hideouts for deserters.

167 X 129

Yea Nay

FEB, 1861Economic Seizure of Federal Forts and Arsenals

Social1 11 15 18 22 23Lincoln Lvs Lee Conf Lincoln TXPosition Sprngfld Recalled Inaug Baltimore LincolnSpeech in DC

Political 1 11 27Border St Non-inter VA PeaceConventions Guarantee Conference Adjourns

NORTH – Waits. Attitudes toward def of Fed property harden.

SOUTH – Attitudes on secession harden listening to Republicans

Confederate Inauguration

FEB 18, 1861

Jefferson Davis

Alexander Stephens

The Bonny Blue Flag

The Stars and Bars

Lincoln vs Seward

“I can’t let Seward take the first trick.”

A Lincoln

MAR, 1861 Economic 1 21Confederate Tariff Morrill Tariff

Social 1 5 11 19 28Cab Mtg Reinf Confed Fox to Fox Forts Const Chas rtns

Political 2 4 6 8 27 28 29Seward 36 th Douglas Conf Rept on Scott ReprovUltimat Cong defends Comm Unanimity Evac Sumter Corwin Lincoln

NORTH – Lincoln realizes South is serious.

SOUTH – Wait and see.

Lincoln’s Inauguration MAR 4, 1861

“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the

institution of slavery in the states where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no

inclination to do so.”

A Lincoln, 1st Inaugural

March 3, 1861

Lincoln’s Republican Position

“My official duty is to save the Union and is not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I

would do it – and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it.”

Letter to Horace Greeley, August 1862

ART. 13. No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.

March 2, 1861

The Corwin Amendment -the “Ghost” 13th Amendment

“Attempting to conquer the seceded states will entail a 2-3 year war that will require a massive army, incur tremendous loss of life

on both sides and cost at least a quarter-billion dollars. And the result will be 15

devastated provinces not to be brought into harmony with their conquerors but to be held

for generations by heavy garrisons – at an expense quadruple the net duties or taxes it

would be possible to extract from them – followed by a Protector or Emperor.”

GEN Winfield Scott, MAR 3, 1861 in a letter to Lincoln

Every law, or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be

expressed in the title

Confederate Constitution – MAR 11, 1861

No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in negro

slaves shall be passed [by Congress]

Line item veto – could be over-ridden by 2/3rds vote

Single 6 year presidential term

1 – Morrill Tariff in effect

APR, 1861Economic

Social 1 4 6 10 12 14 15Anderson Linc Chas Fleet Sumter Sumter 75K1 week ords batts sails attacked evac volunteers reprov fire

Political 4 6 18 20Lincoln Notifies Lee offered LeeMeets SC of Fed Army goesGuvs Reprov South

NORTH/SOUTH – Wait for the inevitable.

Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861

The 75K Call for Volunteers

Why 75K??

The exact number of arms confiscated by the Disunionists from Southern

forts and armories.

MAY, 1861

Economic

Social

Political 6 20 23 AR NC VA secedes secedes secedes

Both sides see a short war.

SecessionDEC 20, 1860 – South Carolina

JAN 9, 1861 – MississippiJAN 10, 1861 – Florida

JAN 11, 1861 – AlabamaJAN 19, 1861 – Georgia

JAN 26, 1861 – LouisianaFEB 23, 1861 – Texas

MAY 6, 1861 - ArkansasMAY 23, 1861 – Virginia

MAY 20, 1861 – North CarolinaJUN 8, 1861 – TennesseeOCT 31, 1861 – MissouriNOV 20, 1861 - Kentucky

The Slide Into War – Essential Questions

What were the causes of secession?

How did secession happen?

How would history have been altered if SC had not seceded?