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Religion is a force for unity and we cannot make it a cause of conict Mr. Gandhi

East Antarctica Glacier Totten: warm ocean water melting it

Microsoft HoloLens

Doomsday Clock is a symbolic clock face, representing a countdown to possible technically-related global catastrophe (e.g. nuclear war or climate change). The closer the Clock is set to

midnight, the closer the scientists believe the world is to global disaster.

Micro Finance Institutions (Microcredit and o!erty"

Studies held in 4 continents show no evidence of microcredit success in alleviating

poverty, women empowerment. ro!t making side of microcredit seem to trump

poverty alleviation

Ti#er Census ro$ect Ti#er%&tatus of Ti#ers in India re'ort )*+, (M-EF"

Measures such as e"tension of rotected #rea $oundaries, setting up of %iger

rotection force, community participation had led to the increase of tigers $y &'(

$etween )'*' and )'*4+ *'-)))-. /or further increase, need to promote

voluntary relocation of the forest dwellers, crack down on hunting, patrols for

.poaching activities eg0 1erala eriyar %iger Reserve made forest dwellers partners

in management and supplemented tourism with peppergrowing, honey processing

among adivasi S2Gs

3onservation eorts increasingly focus on source populations sites where 5)6

$reeding females can $e hosted in a landscape with 5 6' female tigers which en7oy

protection. 3onservation of the source population holds the key for increasing

num$ers in the future

3oncerns include increased mananimal conict, poaching, encroachment into

protected and ecosensitive areas

.TCA a/ard to eriyar reser!e

&G0T Super Giant fast 8ray %ransients, a type of $inary star a pair of stars

revolving around each other in which one is a $ig $right star and the other a highly

condensed dark companion 9neutrino star or a $lack hole: which attracts mass from

the $right star and in this process, the dark star emits "rays

&/ine Flu H+.+ 1irus9;ational 3entre for

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/ree diagnosis and treatment in all Govt and rivate hospitals

Swine /lu included in #rogyasree

%oll free *'4 for information

I2C.0 orpoise, toad, >ndonesian Rhino to $ecome e"tinct in *' years. Me"ico to

use drone for conservation of porpoise the smallest of dolphin family

Al#orit3m Tradin#

ro7ect to develop ?? rivers nationwide as water highways

4orld Economic -utlook 5e'ort: India to 6eat C3ina in #ro/t3 in

)*+7 IMF

Glo$al growth will receive $oost from fall in oil prices $ut it will $e oset $y factors

like investment weakness+ >ndia 93hina: will grow at -.6( in )'*- 9-.&(:, 6.@(

9.4(: in )'*4

2nited .ations 4orld Economic &ituation and ros'ects re'ort

4orld 8ank re'ort on Ine9uality: 2r6anisation reducin# Ine9uality -dds

of esca'in# 'o!erty in India 2;& same

Aetween )''4'6 and )''?*', 4'( of poor went a$ove the poverty line and

a$out **( of poor, vulnera$le moved into the middle class

Aut *4( of nonpoor group also slipped $ack into poverty in the same period

>n >ndia, ur$anising is reducing ineBuality and not increasing it as is

commonly understood+ Cr$aniDation, nonfarm 7o$s are oering mo$ility

&u'er6u#s0 anti$ioticresistant $acteria+ Aacteria that grow resistant to drugs

infect humans and defy conventional medicines+

Coal India Limited Disin!estment Eolatility in the share price and strike threat

from SC sta led to scaling down of disinvestment plans+ Govt gave the assurance

to unions to end their strike that it will not privatiDe coal >ndia

Frdinance on 3oal

Govt promulgated ordinance for reallocation of )'4 coal $locks cancelled $y the S3

in #ugust )'*4

e%I-: rimary re!i!al market /ill confer all round 6eneF 9primary market: >nitial u$lic Fer for raising capital

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Oan )'*'0 policy launched with a mission of )'''' M of solar power $y )'))

Fcto$er )'*&0 ndia for the pro7ects that the O;;SM awards+ this is to push

indigenous use of technology and also $ecause CS su$sidiDed solar products

threaten >ndian manufacturers and accusation is dumping of cheap outdatedtechnology on >ndia $y the CS.

/e$ )'*40 CS challenged >ndiaKs solar policy at %F where the rules prohi$it

discrimination against imported goods+

Sep )'*40 %F set up a panel to decide

to make it improve its operational e=ciency and !nancial

management

%o improve management of food grains $y /3>

%o suggest measures to reorient the role of /3> in MS operations, storage

and distri$ution of food grains and food security systems of the country

Measures for integrating supply chains of food grains, costeective ways of

storage and transportation of food grains

F$7ectives with which /3> was created

Set up in *?-6 under the /ood 3orporation #ct of *?-4 in the $ackground of ma7orshort supply of grain, esp wheat+ GF> was importing wheat under P4@' and

country did not have that much fore" to pay for the imports+ Selfsu=ciency in

grains was the most pressing o$7ective, and so 2QE seeds of wheat were imported

from Me"ico. #gricultural rices 3ommission 9#3: was created in *?-6 to

recommend remunerative prices to farmers, and /3> was mandated with three $asic

o$7ectives0

F$7ective

to provide eective price support

to farmers

to procure and supply grains to

only -( of total farmers in the country

have gained from selling wheat andpaddy directly to any procurement

agency 9;SSF, 'th round, )'*))'*&:+

%hus, the $ene!ts of procurement have

not gone to larger num$er of farmers

$eyond a few states

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Countries Ca'itals cities laces in .e/s

GroDny 3apital of 3hechenya, Russia 9north 3aucasus region:

;iger ;iamey

#fghanistan Oalala$ad

Qemen Sanaa

>ndonesia Sur$haya

3am$odia #ngkorwat temple comple"

.atural alliesare normally $irds of the same feather, while strategic partners are

often Ustrange $edfellowsK. ;atural allies 9think of #merica and Aritain during the

Second orld ar: share common political and cultural valuesVthey may $elieve in

democracy or authoritarianism+ they may uphold li$eral capitalism or socialism orstate corporatism+ they may share common historical and cultural traditions+ their

societal values may $e more or less similar+ they may practice the same religion+

and so on.

&trate#ic 'artners9think of #merica and the Soviet Cnion during the Second

orld ar: may share none of these similarities. ;otwithstanding this dierence,

what makes two countries either natural allies or strategic partners is the common

security challenge that they $oth face at a particular 7uncture in history and more

importantly their decision to come together and pool their resources to deal with

this challenge 9think of #merica, Aritain and the Soviet Cnion coming together to

deal with the /ascist challenge during the Second orld ar:.

Af#3anistan

Cndergoing two types of transition0 %he fragility of the transitions raises the

likelihood of insta$ility.

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C3ina

)+stCentury Maritime &ilk 5oad

%ranscontinental initiative of Aei7ing from Qunnan province 9shares $orders withMyanmar, Paos, Eietnam:+

Rail corridors $etween 1unming, Qunnan capital and Myanmar 91yaukphyu

port city also the starting point of 3hinaMyanmar oil and gas pipeline:,

%hailand through Paos to avoid Malacca strait

3hina steps up drive to include #frica as one of the pillars of MSR

lans to construct modern standard gauge rail link $etween Mom$asa port

and ;airo$i, capital of 1enya to connect hinterland of Hast #frica with

>ndian Fcean

lans to eventually connect Mom$asa to Mala$a, est 1enya and then

1ampala 9Cganda:, 1igali 9Rwanda:, Ou$a 9S. Sudan:

*) deep ports with along the #frican 3oast line

ill $ene!t %hai rice e"porters

&out3 C3ina &ea Dis'ute das3 line

&enkaku Islands

&ilk 5oad Economic 8elt

Geo%'olitics 6e3ind t3e emer#ence of terror

%ali$an0 raised $y the 3># to !ght Soviet invasion in #fghanistan, *??+

captured power in #fghanistan after its western handlers left and the 3old

ar ended. 3ivil war and deal $rokering ensued among the several %ali$an

leaders

#lWaeda0 oated $y Fsama $in Paden, initially a %ali$an recruit+ forced to

forge partnership with %ali$an post ?** to resist #merican invasion of

#fghanistan

%he war with CS fragmented $oth %ali$an and #l Waeda and each splinter

practises deadlier violence to distinguish itself from the competitors

>S>S0 1nown as #lWaeda in >raB9#W>:, $egan !ghting CS occupation of >raB,

merged with other resistance groups to form MS3 Mu7ahedeen Shura3ouncil and emerged as >S>S under the leader ship of #$u Aakr #l Aaghdadi.

%hus, >S>S was $orn in protest against #merican intervention in >raB and

$roadened its scope to Syria during the protests against resident #ssad

Aoko 2aram 9estern Hducation is /or$idden:, a moderate >slamic Group

came a$out in *??'s in ;igeria in the aftermath of Aiafran ar where Govt of

;igeria supported $y the est and oil companies $rutally suppressed Aiafra

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people. Aoko 2aram started as a movement to criticiDe corruption in the oil

wealthy Govt and $ecame a provider for the poor in the ;H ;igeria. >t

eventually $ecame radical and militant

%hus, these groups started as resistance movements to resist foreign invasion, $ad

governance, despotic regimes, ineBualities made persistent $y the glo$al economicregime and create more ideal states. >n the ideal of creating a new State, these

groups have scant regard for human rights and to them religious e"tremism is the

only readily availa$le response 9communism has $een discredited already and does

not !nd resonance in societies with strong religious and ethnic sentiments and thus

the fall$ack ideology of re$ellion is mostly religion $ased. %hus, the need of the hour

is to challenge the current economic system that $reeds ineBuality and encourages

neomercantilism where est has encouraged despots to preserve economic

interests and undertaken military invasions to cement control over economic and

natural resources.

Mus3arraf Four oint Formula )**7:

SelfGovernance

ndia and akistan

Ooint management of 1ashmir >ndia, ak, two 1ashmirs

.e'al Constitution

2&%Cu6a Ties (+%resent"

/ollowing /idel 3astroKs ascent to power, C.S.3u$a ties have endured a nuclear

crisis 93u$an Missile 3risis,*?-* following Aay of igs invasiona $otched 3>#

attempt to overthrow the regime:, a longlasting C.S. economic em$argo 9e"port

import restrictions:, and ongoing political hostilities 9prisoners and arrest of CS#>ndiaCS relations went from $eing Iestranged democraciesJ to $eing Inatural

alliesJ in the last years of )'thcentury and in the )*stcentury, the relation is

descri$ed as natural glo$al partners. >n $etween, >ndia saw sanctions after the May

*??@ nuclear tests and were only lifted $y )'''.

.uclear Deal is done

Reg Section *9$:, >ndian side e"plained its plans to set up an insurance pool

with a limit of rs. *6'' crore 9as per the Pia$ility #ct:, half of which is to $e

contri$uted $y the suppliers, operator 9;3>P: and the remaining half from

the G>3 of >ndia and four other insurance companies 9Section *$ says

the plant operators V in >ndiaKs case, the pu$lic sector ;3>P V

can claim compensation from their eBuipment suppliers if the

accident resulted as a result of IeBuipment or material with

patent or latent defectsJ: lia$ility e"tended to suppliers incontravention of the International Convention on Supplementar! Compensation %his would take up the premium costs which can $e factored in the overall

costs

Fn Sec 4-, >ndia will provide a memorandum that suppliers will not $e lia$le

to tort claims. So, multiple lia$ility claims will not $e applica$le. %hus,

recourse for lia$ility will only $e under the Pia$ility #ct which is now limited in

amount.

Section 4- makes $oth suppliers and operators lia$le to $e

sued $y accident victims, over and a$ove the Rs*,6'''crore

cap#llows nuclear contracts to $e signed $etween CS !rms and >ndia

/our nuclear regimes0 ;SG, M%3R, assenaar #rrangement, #ustralian Group

=oint &trate#ic 1ision for en#a#ement in Indian -cean 5e#ion and

Asia%aci

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Defence Frame/ork act si#ned defence 'artners3i' rene/ed for

+* years

DTTI % Defence Trade Tec3nolo#ical Initiati!e )*+) (3el's u'#rade

domestic defence and e@'and manufacturin# sector in India % Modi"

CS is the largest weapons supplier of >ndia 9replacing Russia: and >ndia is the

worldKs largest weapons importer. >ndia increased its / from )- to 4?( in defence.

3oproduce 4 path!nder pro7ects Raven miniC#E+ rollon, rollo

surveillance intelligence of 3*&'O Super 2ercules transport aircraft, mo$ile

electric hy$rid power source, uniform integrated protection ensem$le

increment) 9chemical, $iological warfare protection gear for soldiers:.

Study cooperation on aircraft carriers, 7et engine technology

Cpgrade 7oint military and naval e"ercises

Economy

;o agreements

Restart discussions on Ailateral >nvestment %reaty

Mechanisms to work through dierences on >R, Social Security #greement

9Ailateral %otaliDation #greement:

India%2& &trate#ic Issues

Rise of 3hina0 CS and >ndia should not try to confront or contain 3hina $utshape the environment within which 3hina pursues legitimate am$itions so

that 3hinaKs Buest for status does not threaten its neigh$ourhood and the CS.

#fak0 /uture of #fghanistan and the deteriorating condition of akistan

3ounterterror cooperation0 3ommon threat from %errorism $ut diering views

ndia needs to strengthen capa$ilities in

these !elds in its defence moderniDation+ >ndoCS ndia committed to reducing car$on emission intensity $y )')6( of

)'' levels $y )')'

Hconomic cooperation and >nvestment

o >mpediments include inadeBuate infrastructure, ta", land, la$our, >R

o ;uclear agreement, )''6

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o 2ightech immigration to the CS and social security totaliDation

o Harly passage of GS to facilitate e"ports to CS

o Ailateral >nvestment %reaty

F$ama in his state of Cnion address referred to % 9%rans aci!c artnership:,

%#%>9%ran #tlantic %rade and >nvestment artnership: in which >ndia is not a part

and ta" code reforms that reward investments in #merica. %his may result in CS

investors pulling $ack funds destined for >ndia.

Trident .uclear ro#ramme &cotland 2> .uclear sea%6ased

missile

India &ri Lanka

>ndia voted against SP twice at the C;2R3 and a$stained once on the post

war political and human rights issues relating to the %amil minority 3oncern a$out the 3hinese su$marine that docked in 3olom$o twice in a

span of two months in )'*4

SP and >ndia need to ma"imiDe the advantages of their geographic pro"imity

and ageold $onds to further common economic and strategic interests

>ndia e"pects early settlement of the %amil Buestion, upgrade the /%# to 3H#

3omprehensive Hconomic artnership #greement and revise the draft

defence cooperation pact !nalised in )''& especially in the conte"t of

maritime security cooperation in the >ndian Fcean region

Terrorism Islam Multiculturalism Ideolo#y and Terror

>slam is not the driving force $ehind the violent organiDations and is a merely a

fa$ric in which ineBuality, alienation, marginaliDation are em$edded. %he thesis that

tries to esta$lish a link $etween >slamist terrorism and the prevalence of medieval

laws in some Muslim societies is thus not correct. >rrespective of violent e"tremism,

reformation of Muslim laws will go on. slamic civiliDations are incompati$le+ that est is li$eral, ruleoriented and law

a$iding while >slamic 3iviliDation is aggressive, e"pansionist glo$al force with a

proclivity to violence and warfare:.

#c to 2untington, multiculturalism is a failed and doomed ideal and he warned

against Muslim immigration to the est. %hus, the emphasis on race that prevailed

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Slow and ine=cient in investigating crimes even if it so, holding those

responsi$le for 2R violations is necessary

>srael considers 2amas a terrorist org and so it considers the move of >33

a$surd >33 would investigate $oth >srael and 2amas as it is meant to

investigate any person who may have committed war crimes during the

conict

5ole of ICC

Green Climate Fund

Green Car6on Fund

43at is soft 'o/er Is India a soft 'o/er

Track II talks

EC8 to make a last ditc3 eBort to re!i!e Euro economy (8ond%6uyin#/ort3 7* 6illion Euro7 6illion" to ad$ust inJation

WH is Govt $ond$uying program that pumps in money into the market+ >nterest

rates will come down+ cheap credit to stimulate more loans, consumer spending,

investment, revive growth.

Huropean 3entral Aank announced $ond$uying program from !nancial institutions

to the tune *.* trillion euros over *@ months till Sep )'*- or until there is a

sustained ad7ustment in the path of ination 9ination level rise to near )(:.

mpact on >ndiaHMH

3apital inows will drive up asset prices, ination

Eolatility in currency, economy

Kemen (&anaa" Shiite re$els, 2outhi 9suspected to $e supported $y Shia>ran:

took hold of residential palace following which resident Mansour 2adi resigned

India%&audi Ara6ia (&unni dominated"

1ing #$dullahKs visit to >ndia in )''- as a chief guest on Repu$lic day followed $y

ndia with

akistan.

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>ndia maintains signi!cant economic ties with Saudi

Aiggest supplier of oil

>ndia accounts for **( of Saudi e"ports and ( of its imports

Remittances from >ndians in Saudi is su$stantial

4a33a6is and &ala

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%his time the Maoist arty performed dismally and the ma7ority was a coalition.

3onvened in Oan )'*4, the second 3# assem$ly also failed.

3ontentious >ssues

/ederalism dividing the country in to the num$er of states+ $asis for the division

ethnic, regional groups or administrative convenience. %hus, it is linked to the issue

of eBuality and identity in a diverse nation

Inau#ural sittin# of t3e Constituent Assem6ly: Decem6er +,7&ac3idananda &in3a ro!isional C3airman of t3e CA

ension reforms%F5DA Act )*+ ension Fund 5e#ulatory and

De!elo'ment Aut3ority .& .ational ension &c3eme

Mandated to develop, promote and regulate the pension industry. ;S is the

scheme envisioned to take care of the retirement needs of the people. >t is the

lowest cost pension providers in the orld $ut ;S, unlike H/, / does not en7oy

HHH status 9H"empt from income ta" on the money deposited in the scheme under

section @'3, e"empt from the income ta" on returninterest, e"empt from income

ta" on money from withdrawalmaturity:. ;S has four variants0

3entral Govt employees 9e"cept armed forces:

State

Cnorganised sector Swavalam$an, introduced in )'*'

rivate industry

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Swavalam$an scheme will $e part of M Oan >. >n this scheme,

3entral Govt makes a contri$ution of *''' for every account holder if a minimum of

rs.*''' is deposited till )'*-*.

8CCI functionin#

S3 rules cricket administrationa pu$lic function+ A33> does not come under State

under #rticle *) which means a pu$lic $ody 9a private $ody discharging pu$lic

functions $ut is not a State+ how to $alance accounta$ility and right to privacy:.

%his 7udgement advances accounta$ility in all the sports $odies of the country

#ccounta$ility of A33> 93ricket #ssociation of Aihar 3ase:0

>n >ndia, pu$lic $odies are accounta$le under the Oudicial review as per

3onstitutional #rticles &) and ))- under which the S3 and the 23 can issue writs.

Cnder #rticle &), any aggrieved party can directly approach the S3 for grievance

only against the State while under ))-, a person can approach 23 for a writ against

any person or organiDation.

S3 ruled that State under #rticle *), is those $odies created $y statute, en7oy law

making powers and are dominated $y the Govt !nancially, administratively and

functionally. %hus, A33> is ruled out to $e a State. >n a Xee %ele!lms limited 3ase,

)''6 6Oudge $ench of S3 held that the A33> was not an instrumentality of the State

and thus not su$7ect to most of the /R guaranteed $y the 3onstitution. %hus, the

petitioners aggrieved $y any decision of the A33> cannot directly approach the S3.

%hus, accounta$ility under Oudicial Review against A33> can $e $rought a$out

through #rticle ))-. 2ere, only those authorities that perform overwhelming pu$lic

functions are $rought under the writ 7urisdiction of 23. Aut they will not $e $ound $y

the /R such as the right to eBuality $ut $y statutory and other constitutional rights,

reasona$leness and fairness in administration

Del3i HC: all ;GFs are entitled to their opinion and it could not $e taken that they

are acting against national interest 7ust $ecause they are not in agreement with

GovtKs views

.ational &olar olicy Timeline=a/a3arlal .e3ru .ational &olar

Mission.e/ 5ene/a6le Ener#y olicy (Min of ne/ and rene/a6leener#y"

C-TA Ci#arettes and -t3er To6acco 'roducts Act )**

amendment (ro3i6ition of ad!ertisement re#ulation of trade and

commerce 'roduction su''ly and distri6ution"

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rohi$its the use of name or $rand of to$acco products for marketing other

goods, services, events 9indirect advertising is a case of $randsharing which

the 2F framework convention on to$acco control prohi$its easy to

implement

Aans the pointofsale display of to$acco products at the entrance or inside a

shop to keep them out of pu$lic view + display normally $ypasses $an onto$acco advertising and fuels impulse $uying di=cult to implement as

products are sold at innumera$le small shops

Aans the sale of products to anyone under )* yrs hard to enforce for reason

a$ove

Aans sale of products in the loose to ensure that users are forced to see the

pictorial warnings on the package e"pected to have impact especially on

$idi users who constitute @6( of all to$acco consumed in >ndia

resident does 'lain s'eakin# a#ain

%he most powerful e"ample of >ndiaKs soft power lies in our de!nition of therelationship $etween faith and polity, especially in an international

environment where so many countries are sinking into the morass of

theocratic violence

resident on arliament and olicy makin#

resident reminded the Govt of the constitutional restrictionslimitations on

the resort to the ordinance route0 Frdinances can $e promulgated only to

meet e"igencies and under compelling circumstances #lso, the resident spoke against the tendency to use disruption as a means

of parliamentary intervention. Fpposition parties o$struct proceedings to

e"tract assurance or concessions. Such an o$structionist tactics along with

o$stinacy of the Govt lead to legislative impasse and promulgation of

ordinance. %he availa$ility of residential power and the $elief in Ooint session

of $oth 2ouses to compensate the lack of ma7ority in the Cpper 2ouse leads

the Govt to try to avoid constructive engagement with the opposition.

=oint &ession no solution to end 5& lo#$am resident ('i6:'arliament and 'olicy%makin#"

4 laws passed $y 7oint session since *?6)+ # noisy minority cannot $e allowed to

gag a patient ma7ority

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#rticle *'@ does not stipulate any limit on the num$er or freBuency of 7oint sittings+

;um$er of sittings has shrunk from - during the !rst PS session to &6 in the *6 th

session.

History of -rdinance Makin# rationale for kee'in# Constitutional

De6ates

.e/s: 5& C3aos may stymie $oint session on -rdinances

Frdinance promulgated $y the resident ua *)& on the advice of Cnion 3a$inet

-rdinances and Article +*

Grounds for the resident to notify a 7oint session

Fne 2ouse passes the Aill $ut other re7ects it

Fne 2ouse passes a Aill $ut - months lapse without the other 2ouse passing

it Fne 2ouses passes a Aill, other passes it with amendments that the other

2ouse disagrees with and there is a deadlock

%$ud#e 6enc3 of &C on re%'romul#atin# -rdinance (D;C; 4ad3/a !s &tate

of 8i3ar +7"

>t is the constitutional duty of the pu$lic to approach the courts against re

promulgation of ordinances on a massive scale as a routine measure as 3itiDens

interested in the preservation and promotion of constitutional functioning of the

administration of the country. %here must not $e an Frdinance Ra7 in the country.

.;. Ahagwati, 3O>

Frdinance cannot $e repromulgated in the middle of a session

S3 can ad7udicate if repromulgation su$verted the democratic processes and

su$7ect people to laws made $y the e"ecutive and not the parliament.

>t will $e a coloura$le e"ercise of power for the Government to ignore the

Pegislature and to repromulgate the Frdinance and thus to continue to regulate the

life and li$erty of the citiDens through Frdinance made $y the H"ecutive. Such a

stratagem would $e repugnant to the constitutional scheme, as it would ena$le the

H"ecutive to transgress its constitutional limitation in the matter of law making in an

emergent situation and to covertly and indirectly arrogate to itself the law making

function of the Pegislation.

.e/s: Fe/er Constitutional Matters in &C

( of 7udgements passed $y S3 in )'*4 dealt with su$stantial constitutional

matters 9need 6 or more7udge $enches to decide these:. %his points to

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growing proportion of routine appeals in S3 workload as against core

constitutional matters

&'ecial Lea!e etitions the 3onstitution of >ndia, under article *&-, gives

the Supreme 3ourt the power to grant special permission or leave to an

aggrieved party to appeal against an order passed in any of the lower courts

or tri$unals in >ndia. %his leave is granted when the case involves a Buestionof law relevant to the general pu$lic as well. >f the court grants leave, the

case is then converted into a civil appeal and will $e argued afresh in the

Supreme 3ourt. %he court can rescind or revoke the earlier 7udgement,

modify it or stick $y it. %he court can also send the case $ack to the relevant

lower court for fresh ad7udication in light of principles laid down $y it or on

account of any issues missed out $y the lower court. #ccording to article *4*

of the >ndian 3onstitution, the Supreme 3ourtKs 7udgement is declared as law

of the land and is $inding on all courts in >ndia. %he petitioner usually gets ?'

days from the date of receiving the !nal copy of the 7udgement of the court

or relevant tri$unal to !le an SP. Aut the court may $e e"i$le on thisdeadline.

T3e ne/ name of lannin# I8T3e Hindu (in su''ort of .ITI"

/or institutional reforms in governance 9in the conte"t of increased corruption,

technology to reduce misadventures and improve transparency:, dynamic policy

shifts

Mission

%hrough its commitment to a cooperative federalism, promotion of citiDen

engagement, egalitarian access to opportunity, participative and adaptivegovernance and increasing use of technology, the ;>%> #ayog will seek to provide a

critical directional and strategic input into the development process. %his, along

with $eing the incu$ator of ideas for development, will $e the core mission of ;>%>

#ayog.

;>%> aayog, a think to provide directional and strategic inputs to development

process, key elements of policy+ helps foster shared vision of national development,

cooperative federalism 9strong States make a strong naton:

develop mechanisms to formulate credi$le plans to the village level and

aggregate these progressively at higher levels of government special attention to the sections of society that may $e at risk of not

$ene!tting adeBuately from economic progress

create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial supportsystem through

a colla$orative community of national and international e"perts, practitioners

and partners

ill monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes

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/ocus on technology upgradation and capacity $uilding

-6$ecti!es

Seeks to esta$lish an administrative paradigm in which Govt is an enabler

and not the provider of !rst and last resort 9in the conte"t of developed

industry and services sector, role of Govt as a player has to $e reduced and it

should shift to policy making, regulation:

Move away from food securityto a mi" of agricultural production and

ensuring returns for the farmer

Hnsure >ndia is a player in the global debateson glo$al commons 9in the

conte"t of glo$al village that we reside in:

Hnsure economically vi$rant middle-classremains engaged and its potential

is used

Cse urbanizationas an opportunity to provide wholesome and secure

ha$itat thro the use of technology

>ncorporate the geopolitical and geoeconomical strength of NRI communityto $roaden their participation $eyond !nancial support eg0 technology and

management e"pertise

romote transparency Cse technology to reduce opacity and scope for

misadventure in governance

Peverage >ndiaKs scienti!c, entrepreneurial, intellectualhuman capital thro

appropriate policy initiatives

To ensure, on areas that are specifically referred to it, that the interests of national

security are incorporated in economic strategy and policy.

C3allen#es of India

Hlimination poverty

Redress ineBualities 9gender, economic, caste: to give every element of

society especially weaker segments like the Scheduled 3astes and

Scheduled %ri$es the a$ility to inuence the choices the country and

government make in setting the national agenda

>ntegrates villages into development process

Support small $usinesses that generate employment olicy making must

focus on providing necessary support to this sector in terms of skill and

knowledge upgrades and access to !nancial capital and relevant technology

Safeguard envt and ecological assets ensure that development does not

sully the Buality of life of the present and future generations

Peverage demographic dividend

Com'osition

Ca6inet 5esolution on .ITI Aayo# (.eed

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Mahatma Gandhihad said0 I3onstant development is the law of life, and a man

who always tries to maintain his dogmas in order to appear consistent drives

himself into a false positionJ+ ;>%> aayog to reect the current sociopolitical

conte"t, to adapt to new challenges

/rom $eing preoccupied with survival, our aspirations have soared and today weseek elimination, rather than alleviation, of poverty

>n the conte"t of strengthening of >ndian nationhood, emergence of political

pluralism, presence of diversity, onesiDe!tsall approach, often inherent in central

planning has the potential of creating needless tensions and undermining the

harmony needed for national eort 9n the conte"t of good governance and not 7ust pu$lic governance citiDen

participation, private entities that deliver pu$lic service

Government will continue to set policies+ pillars of eective governance

roactive, propeople, participative, inclusive, empowerment, transparency

and eBual opportunity

'lannin# Commission History s3ortcomin#s ac3ie!ements com'osition

3entreState one way ow of policy and so replace it with continuingpartnership of States

Slow and tardy implementation replace with $etter interministry and

centrestate coordination

Enforcement Directorate

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T3e Indian Honours &ystem

%he >ndian honour system is $roadly classi!ed in !ve types Peadership 9Gandhi

peace priDe+ >ndira priDe:, Piterature, 3ivilian, atriotic, and articular 9#r7una, Ra7iv

1hel Ratna, ndian literature

remchand fellowship

#nandcoomarswamy fellowship

%ranslation awards

3ivilian #wards

Aharat Ratna highest civilian+ in any field of human endeavour, to anyone

irrespective of race, se+,occupation, position ma+ yr adma #wards announced on repu$lic day

o adma Ei$hushan e"ceptional, distinguished service+ )ndhighest

civilian awardo adma Ahushan distinguished service of a higher order

o adma Shree distinguished service

>ndian Military decorations

artime Gallantry

o aram vir chakra highest military award

o

Maha vir chakrao Eir 3hakra

eacetime Gallantry

o #shok 3hakra

o 1irti

o Shaurya

artimeeacetime Service and Gallantry

artime

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eacetime ndiaKs largest ;GFrun annual survey+ C;>3H/ set up Aom$ay

Hducation >nitiative in Mum$ai eventually led to the formation of ratham, an

indep charity in *??4

Fveremphasis on curriculum geared to outcomes e"am results at the

e"pense of a process of learning oriented to mastery of concepts & rd graders una$le to read te"ts from lower grade. upils from higher classes

una$le to perform simple divisionsu$straction

Pack of healthy pupilteacher ration+ R%H #ct stipulates &'0* ratio

>ndia is consistently close to universal enrolment in -*4 years for -

consecutive years

>3a' anc3ayats on Honor >illin#s

Fppose honour killings and suggest they can $e ended through discussions+

strict punishment for those involved in honour killings and help to those

against the practice Fppose dowry system in the State 92aryana: social $oycott and strict

punishment for those who accept it

Central 8oard of Film Certinformation and Aroadcasting regulates the pu$lic

e"hi$ition of !lms under the 3inematograph #ct, *?6) 9governs the restrictions to

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the freedom of e"pression in !lms:. /ilms can $e pu$licly e"hi$ited in >ndia only

after they receive 3A/3 certi!cation. %he Aoard consists of nono=cial mem$ers

and a 3hairman 9all of whom are appointed $y 3entral Government: and functions

with headBuarters at Mum$ai. #t present !lms are certi!ed under 4 categories

C Cnrestricted u$lic e"hi$ition C# Cnrestricted u$lic e"hi$ition with a word of caution that parental

discretion in reBuired for children under *)

# Restricted to adults

S restricted to any special class of persons

=ustice Mud#al Committeeset up in )'*& to update the 3inematograph #ct,

*?6)

;ew categories of under *) and under *6 in censor certi!cation

#llow any mem$er of pu$lic who has grievance to approach the /ilm

3erti!cation #ppellate %ri$unal 9/3#%:. 3urrently, only !lm makers canapproach /3#%. So, the num$er of appeals in courts pile up wasting the

resources of the 7udicial system

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female foeticide, growing se" ratio pro$lem, gender$ased violence points to the

scourge of gender $ias in >ndian society. >n a survey conducted $y Pok foundation

and Cniv of ennsylvania, the results showed the prevalence of son preference

across >ndian society with little variance across income class, education levels,

ruralur$an areas. Son preference is manifest evidence of gender $ias in the early

years of childhood. Fther forms of $ias include social control that women facethrough their lives eg0 suita$le occupations, suita$le marriage partners, on what

women wear. #ttitude on what women wear were however dependent on income,

ur$aniDation, education. Hconomic growth does not appear to remove the

incentives for having fewer daughters. %he need of the hour is to delegitimise

gender $ias and address the norms and structures such as patriarchy.

4omen Em'o/erment T3eme of 5e'u6lic Day

ermanent Commission for 4omen 3an#in#

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AMD #ge related macular degeneration causes $lindness and is linked to

microscopic spheres of calcium phosphate

Disease and Culture IAei7ing PineageJ is a deadly, anti$iotic resistant strain of

myco$acterium %A that emerged in #sia -''' years ago and coincides with

$eginning of rice farming in 3hinaKs QangtDe river with the conseBuent settling

down. %he grouping of people made it easier for the respiratory pathogen to spread.

Geolo#ical Time &cale Ant3ro'ocene =ournals uarternary International

and Ant3ro'ocene 5e!ie/

heAnthropocene is an informal geologic chronological termfor the

proposed epoch that began when human activities had a significant global impact on

the 2arth3s ecos!stems he idea behind Anthropocene regards the influence of human behavior on the

2arth3s atmosphere in recent centuries as so significant as to constitute a new

geological epoch for its lithosphere he Anthropocene has no precise start date but based on atmospheric evidence ma!

be considered to start with the Industrial Revolution 0late eighteenth centur!14

though a recent research sa!s that the starting point could be the 5iroshima nuclear

e6plosion

2umanity has $ecome a planetaryscale geological force and caused theHarth to cross 4? planetary $oundaries climate change, loss of $iosphere

integrity, landsystem change, altered $iogeochemical cycles 9phosphorous

and nitrogen: highlighting the need to delink economic growth from

environmental impact

#nthropocene is pinned down to Ouly *- *?46, the day !rst nuclear $om$

e"ploded in #lamogordo, ;ew Me"ico which along with 2iroshima, ;agasaki

$om$s and other $om$s detonated till *?@@ led to markers across the glo$e

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in the form of radio nuclides with the release of radioactive isotopes, spread

worldwide 9found in all continents and in polar ice on $oth poles: and entered

the sedimentary record 9Meteorite impact of Qucatan peninsula marked the

$oundary of 3retaceous aleocene epochs:

hysical and 3hemical markers esp in deposits of rock strata and their fossil

contents are vital tools in de!ning epochal $oundaries as they signalsu$stantial changes in the Harth system

#tomic $om$ signalled the IGreat #ccelerationJ the phase of massive

economic growth and environmental changes post )+ G# spurred glo$al

average surface temperature increase of '.? 3, atmospheric concentration of

the G2G 3F), ;)F, 324 well a$ove the ma"imum o$served in 2olocene,

$iodiversity loss approaching mass e"tinction rates