jan 2007 doc.: ieee 802.15-07/0533r0 hiroshi harada (nict), rick roberts (intel)slide 1submission...
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Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 1Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [CM MATLAB Release 1.0 Support Document]Date Submitted: [Nov 2007]Source: [Rick Roberts] Company [Intel, Corp], E-Mail:[[email protected]]Source: [Hiroshi Harada, Ryuhei Funada, Hirokazu Sawada ] Company [NICT], E-Mail:[[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]]
Re: []
Abstract: [This document supports release 1.0 of the Matlab CM code.] behavior
Purpose: []
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 2Submission
This document “documents” the version 1.0 release of the MATLAB CM code.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 3Submission
Channel Model Environment
CM1 Residential LOS TSV & SV
CM2 Residential NLOS TSV & SV
CM3 Office LOS TSV
CM4 Office NLOS TSV
CM5 Library LOS SV
CM6 Library NLOS SV
CM7 N/A
CM8 N/A
CM9 Desktop LOS TSV & SV
CM10 Corridor LOS SV
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 4Submission
Overloaded Channel Models
Model Environment
CM1.1 TSV - TX: 360, RX: 15
CM1.2 TSV - TX: 60, RX: 15
CM1.3 TSV - TX: 30, RX: 15
CM1.4 TSV - TX: 15, RX: 15
CM1.5 SV - TX: 360, RX: 15
Model Environment
CM3.1 TSV - TX: 30, RX: 30
CM3.2 TSV - TX: 60, RX: 60
Model Environment
CM9.1 TSV - TX: 30, RX: 30
CM9.2 TSV - TX: 60, RX: 60
CM9.3 SV - TX: 360, RX: 21 dBi
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 5Submission
Pertinent Definitionssource: 15-06-0400-01-003c
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 6Submission
AoA
ToA
1
2
LOS
Fig 1: Graphical representation of the CIR as a function of TOA and AOA.
Source: 15-06-0195-03-003c
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 7Submission
Small Scale Parameterization
( ) , , ,0 0
, ( ) ( );lKL
k l l k l l k ll k
h Tt f a d t t d f w= =
= - - - Q -å å
( ) , , ,0 0
, ( , ) ( ) ( );lKL
LOS k l l k l l k ll k
h Tt f a d t f a d t t d f w= =
= + - - - Q -å å
2
1 21 1 2 2 0
1 1
4( ) expd
LOS t r t r
LOS t r
h hPL d G G G G j
d d
PLG G
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 8Submission
Small Scale Parameterization (2)
1 1( | ) exp ( ) , 0l l l lp T T T T l
, ( 1), , ( 1),( | ) exp ( ) , 0k l k l k l k lp k
1
1( | ) , 0
2l lp l
2 2, ,
1( ) exp / 2
2k l k lp
, ,
1( ) exp 2 /
2k l k lp
2 21( ) exp ln / 2
2l r r
r
p r rr
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 9Submission
The complete list of parameters used in this report can be summarized as follows: 1. PL0, PL at 1m distance 2. n, PL exponent 3. s shadowing standard deviation 4. , inter-cluster (cluster) arrival rate 5. , intra-cluster (ray) arrival rate 6. , inter-cluster (cluster) decay rate 7. , intra-cluster (ray) decay rate 8. c, cluster lognormal standard deviation 9. r, ray lognormal standard deviation 10. , angle spread 11. L , average number of clusters 12. d, Tx-Rx separation, h1, Tx height, h2 Rx height, GT, Tx gain, GR, Rx gain, K, Rician
factor, , average power of the first ray of the first cluster (for combined two path and S-V model)
Source: 15-06-0195-03-003c
} These first 3 parameters are stored in the data base but not used in the simulation.Is shadowing part of the link budget or should it be included in the simulation?
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 10Submission
Configuration of the code
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 11Submission
Start
Set channel model number (cm_num), the number of channel realizations (num_channels), center frequency (fc [Hz]),
minimum time resolution (Ts [ns]), and types of antenna pattern (ant_type)
Call function to obtain parameters for TSV channel model
call functions to generate N continuous impulse responses
Done
Plot out the impulse responses, and calculate RMS delay spreads and K factors
Save N discrete impulse responses and some of parameters
Call functions to resample the continuous impulse responses
TSV or SV
Call function to obtain parameters for SV channel model
call functions to generate N continuous impulse responses
SVTSV
Save N continuous impulse responses and some of parameters
(1)
(2) (3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 12Submission
TSV Code Support
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 13Submission
Overview of TSV model
Relative Amplitude
,,,S-V model response
0
Cluster Rician factor (K)
Time of Arrival
ray Rician factor (k)
Amplitude of each ray exponentially decays by the order of e -t
: Amplitude of each cluster exponentially decays by the order of e-t/
Each cluster arrives according to the exponential distribution with average value of 1/
Each ray arrives according to the exponential distribution with average value of 1/
Statistical two-path response (LOS desktop model)Fixed impulse response (Other models)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 14Submission
Definition of TSV model
Two-path parameters (4) S-V parameters (7)
tenvironmen LOS/NLOSOther : 0
)2 angle(incident
tenvironmen Desktop LOS : 1
t coefficien Reflection:
Rx andTx between distance of Average
Rx ofHeight :Uniform
Tx ofHeight :Uniform
Rx andTx between Distance:Uniform
0
0
0
d
2
1
h
h
d Rx ofgain Antenna:,
Tx ofgain Antenna:,
Gr
Gt
mll
L
l
M
mmllml
l
Tttth ,
1
0
1
0,,
Antenna parameters (2)
2,0Uniform,,0,
,
, ,1
0
2
ml
mll
ml mllrmkT Gee
0,exp|
0,exp|
1,1,
11
mp
lTTTTp
mllmll
llll
Two-path response Arrival rate: Poisson process
CIR:(Complex impulse response) PLd: Path loss of the first impulse response
t: time[ns] ・ Delta function l = cluster number, m = ray number in l-th cluster, L = total number of clusters; Ml = total number of rays in the l-th cluster; Tl = arrival time of the first ray of the l-th cluster; l,m = delay of the m-th ray within the l-th cluster
relative to the firs path arrival time, Tl; 0 = Average power of the first ray of the first clusterl Uniform[0,2∝ arrival angle of the first ray within the l-th clusterl,m = arrival angle of the m-th ray within the l-th cluster relative to the first path arrival angle, lrefrect):2 direct,:(1 and ofnumber Path riti GG
1
0
1
0,,,
2,
2
,0L
l
M
mmllrmllmllml
l
GTt
K
Rician factor (2)
on)distributi (Laplace
cluster ray within of spread Angle:
deviation standard lognormal:
deviation standard lognormal:
rate arrival:/1
factordecay :
rate arrival:/1
factordecay :
2
1
ray
cluster
ray
ray
cluster
cluster
clustereach in effect Rician ray :k
ddf
rtrtd PL
d
hhjGGGG
d
21
0221110
22explog20]dB[
0100 log10]dB[
d
dndPLPL dddd NLOS
fd A
ddPL
0
100
4log20]dB[
ANLOS: Constant attenuation for NLOS
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 15Submission
Summary of available TSV channel modelsby MATLAB
LOS NLOS
Residential CM1 Available CM2 Available(LOS component extraction)
Office CM3 Available CM4 Available
Desktop CM9 Available N/A
Library CM10 N/A
Measurement and analysis to obtain TSV channel model parameters are finished by NICT. MATLAB code is now available using analyzed parameters.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 16Submission
Channel Model Parameters for TSV modelParameter CM1.1 CM1.2 CM1.3 CM1.4 CM3.1 CM3.2 CM4.1 CM4.2
Λ [1/ns] 0.191 0.194 0.144 0.045 0.041 0.027 0.032 0.028
λ [1/ns] 1.22 0.90 1.17 0.93 0.971 0.293 3.45 0.76
Γ [ns] 4.46 8.98 21.5 12.6 49.8 38.8 109.2 134
γ [ns] 6.25 9.17 4.35 4.98 45.2 64.9 67.9 59.0
σ cluster 6.28 6.63 3.71 7.34 6.60 8.04 3.24 4.37
σ ray 13.0 9.83 7.31 6.11 11.3 7.95 5.54 6.66
σ φ 49.8 119 46.2 107 102 66.4 60.2 22.2
Δk [dB] 18.8 17.4 11.9 4.60 21.9 11.4 19 19.2
Ω(d) [dB] -88.7 -108 -111 -110.7 -3.27d
-85.8
-0.303d
-90.3
-109 -107.2
nd 2 2 2 2 2 2 3.35 3.35
ANLOS 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.56@3m 5.56@3m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 17Submission
Channel Model Parameters for TSV model (cont’)
Parameter CM7.1 CM7.2
Λ [1/ns] 0.037 0.047
λ [1/ns] 0.641 0.373
Γ [ns] 21.1 22.3
γ [ns] 8.85 17.2
σ cluster 3.01 7.27
σ ray 7.69 4.42
σ φ 34.6 38.1
Δk [dB] 11 17.2
Ω(d) [dB] 4.44d
-105.4
3.46d
-98.4
nd 2 2
ANLOS 0 0
Parameter CM7.1 CM7.2
h1 Uniform dist.
Range: 0-0.3
Uniform dist.
Range: 0-0.3
h2 Uniform dist.
Range: 0-0.3
Uniform dist.
Range: 0-0.3
d Uniform dist.
Range: d±0.3
Uniform dist.
Range: d±0.3
Gt1 ※ ※
Gr1 ※ ※
Gt2 ※ ※
Gr2 ※ ※
※Antenna gain are calculated by reference antenna model.
(Ref. Doc. No. 06-0474)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 18Submission
tg3c_tsv_results_disp.m (to show some figures)
Function calls in TSV channel model MATLAB code
tg3c_tsv_eval_r6.m (Main script M-file in TSV channel model MATLAB code)
tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m
tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m
tg3c_sv_cnvrt_ct.mresample.m (built-in function)
tsv_beta_calc_r4.m
tsv_ant_gain_r5.m
tsv_laplacernd.m
tsv_poissrnd.m
tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.m (for dialogical parameter input)
Explained in this documents
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 19Submission
Flowchart of tg3c_tsv_eval_r6.mRed closed line is related to TSV channel model in continuous time
Start of TSV model
Set channel parameters such as channel model index (cm_num), center frequency (fc0 [GHz]), number of channel realizations (num_channels) using function tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.m
Call function tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m to load TSV channel model parameters
Call function tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m to generate num_channels sets of amplitude of rays in continuous time (after and/or before antenna gain convolution ) with their TOA and AOA
Plot the impulse responses, and calculate RMS delay spread and K factor (if needed)
Save num_channels sets of amplitude, TOA and AOA of rays in continuous time and/or num_channels sets of discrete impulse responses and some of parameters (if needed)
Call function resample.m and then tg3c_tsv_convrt_ct_r2.m to generate num_channels sets of impulse responses (if needed)
done
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 20Submission
Summary of tg3c_tsv_eval_r6.mMain script M-file This function generates sets of AOA, TOA, and amplitude of
rays in continuous time on the basis of TSV model, and also generates and evaluates discrete impulse responses, which are generated using the sets of the AOA, TOA and amplitude of rays in the continuous time.
MATLAB codes distributed in IEEE802.15.4a was modified This M-file are composed of six sub-functions
– tg3c_tsv_param_r.m– tg3c_tsv_ct_r.m– tg3c_sv_cnvrt_ct.m– resample.m (built-in function)– tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.m (for dialogical parameter input)– tg3c_tsv_results_disp.m (to show some figures)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 21Submission
function tg3c_tsv_param_r3.mRed closed line is related to TSV channel model in continuous time
Start of TSV model
Set channel parameters such as channel model index (cm_num), center frequency (fc0 [GHz]), number of channel realizations (num_channels) using function tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.m
Call function tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m to load TSV channel model parameters
Call function tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m to generate num_channels sets of amplitude of rays in continuous time (after and/or before antenna gain convolution ) with their TOA and AOA
Plot the impulse responses, and calculate RMS delay spread and K factor (if needed)
Save num_channels sets of amplitude, TOA and AOA of rays in continuous time and/or num_channels sets of discrete impulse responses and some of parameters (if needed)
Call function resample.m and then tg3c_tsv_convrt_ct_r2.m to generate num_channels sets of impulse responses (if needed)
done
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 22Submission
Summary of tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m
This function M-file outputs channel model parameters according to channel model index (cm_num)
Antenna beam-widths described in this function are same as those used for the experiments, but Rx antenna beam-widths can be changed outside this function
Relative power of the LOS component is calculated from carrier frequency (fc [Hz]) and assuming distance (adist [m])
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 23Submission
function [adist, nlos, los_beta_flag, Omega0, smallk, Lmean, Lam, lambda, Gam, ... gamma, std_ln_1, std_ln_2, sigma_fai, L_pl, tx_hpbw, rx_hpbw] = tg3c_tsv_params_r3(cm_num, fc) % Arguments% cm_num channel model number% fc carrier center frequency in GHz % Output parameters% nlos flag of NLOS environment% Lmean number of Average arrival clusters% Lam cluster arrival rate (clusters per nsec)% lambda ray arrival rate (rays per nsec)% Gam cluster decay factor (time constant, nsec)% gamma ray decay factor (time constant, nsec)% std_ln_1 standard deviation of log-normal variable for cluster fading% std_ln_2 standard deviation of log-normal variable for ray fading% sigma_fai cluster angle-of-arrival spread in deg % Parameters added by NICT% adist assuming distance between Tx and Rx in mappded usage model (meter)% los_beta_flag flag used for beta calculation (Renamed from LOS_desktop_flag) % this flag is also used for making LOS extraction for NLOS condition from a LOS condition.% If this value is -1, the LOS component extraction mode is done% Omega0 cluster power level% smallk small Rician factor% L_pl pathloss of the LOS component normalized with that of 1m% tx_hpbw Tx half-power angle in deg% rx_hpbw Rx half-power angle in deg
Parameters defined in tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 24Submission
%************* LOS Residential channel model (UM1) *******************if cm_num == 11 % Experimental data TX : 360deg, RX : 15deg adist = 5; nlos = 0; los_beta_flag = 0; Omega0 = -88.7; smallk = 4.34; Lmean = 9; Lam = 1/5.24; lambda = 1/0.820; Gam = 4.46; gamma = 6.25; std_ln_1 = 6.28; std_ln_2 = 13.0; sigma_fai = 49.8; tx_hpbw = 360; rx_hpbw = 15; L_pl = -20*log10(4*pi*adist/ramda);
Example of parameters defined in tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 25Submission
function tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.mStart of TSV model
Set channel parameters such as channel model index (cm_num), center frequency (fc0 [GHz]), number of channel realizations (num_channels) using function tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.m
Call function tg3c_tsv_params_r3.m to load TSV channel model parameters
Call function tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m to generate num_channels sets of amplitude of rays in continuous time (after and/or before antenna gain convolution ) with their TOA and AOA
Plot the impulse responses, and calculate RMS delay spread and K factor (if needed)
Save num_channels sets of amplitude, TOA and AOA of rays in continuous time and/or num_channels sets of discrete impulse responses and some of parameters (if needed)
Call function resample.m and then tg3c_tsv_convrt_ct_r2.m to generate num_channels sets of impulse responses (if needed)
done
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 26Submission
Summary of tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.mThis function generates sets of AOA, TOA,
and power of rays in continuous time on the basis of TSV model
This function consists of four sub-functions– tsv_beta_calc_r4.m– tsv_ant_gain_r5.m– tsv_laplacernd.m– tsv_poissrnd.m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 27Submission
Start
LOS?
Beta ← 1
no
k>L
LOSDesktop model?
Calculate LOS component on the basis of TSV model
no yes
k ← k+1, Tr ← 0, and set the time-of-arrival, angle-of-arrival, and power of the k-th cluster
yes
Tr: arrival time of rayin the k-th cluster
no
yes
n >= N
yes
done
no
k←0
n←0
n←n+1
N: Number of Channel realizations A
B
Set antennagain?
yes
no Convolution withantenna gain
A
Tr<Tr_len
yes
no
Set relative power of ray Pray
Store h_val, set the next arrival time of ray Tr’, and Tr ← Tr+Tr’
B
First ray ofK-th cluseter?
yes
no
Lower power of the ray by small Racianfactor and set difference of AOA of the ray to that of the first ray of the k-thcluster
Calculate angle-of-arrival of the ray
Calculate amplitude of ray and set it’s phase rotation h_val=10^((Pcluster+Pray)/20)
Flowchart of tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 28Submission
function [beta,h,aoa,t,t0,np,cl_idx] = tg3c_tsv_ct_r5(... nlos, num_channels,... % Channel params adist, fc, los_beta_flg, L_pl,... % T-S-V model params Lam, lambda, Gam, gamma, std_ln_1, std_ln_2, ... % SV model params Lmean, Omega0, smallk, sigma_fai,... tx_hpbw, rx_hpbw, ant_type) % Antenna model params % Arguments:% nlos : Flag of NLOS environment% num_channels : Number of channel realizations% Lam : Cluster arrival rate (clusters per nsec)% lambda : Ray arrival rate (rays per nsec)% Gam : Cluster decay factor (time constant, nsec)% gamma : Ray decay factor (time constant, nsec)% std_ln_1 : Standard deviation of log-normal variable for cluster fading% std_ln_2 : Standard deviation of log-normal variable for ray fading% Lmean : Average number of arrival clusters
Arguments of tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 29Submission
% Parameters added for making TG3c channel model% fc : Carrier frequency [GHz]% los_beta_flg : Flag used for beta calculation% L_pl : path loss regarding LOS component% Omega0 : Cluster power level% smallk : Small Rician effect% sigma_fai : Cluster arrival angle spread in deg% tx_hpbw : TX half-power angle in deg% rx_hpbw : RX half-power angle in deg% ant_type : Antenna model used in simulation% 1: Simple Gaussian distribution% 2: Reference antenna model % Output values:% h : Amplitudes of rays in clusters including LOS component in continuous time% t : TOAs of h% t0 : Arrival time of the first ray of the first SV cluster% np : Number of paths in clusters including LOS component% Output values added for making TG3c channel model% beta : Amplitude of the LOS component% aoa : AOAs of rays in clusters including LOS component in continuous time
Arguments of tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m (Cont’)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 30Submission
%****************** Initialize and precompute some things ******************std_L = 1/sqrt(2*Lam); % std dev (nsec) of cluster arrival spacingstd_lam = 1/sqrt(2*lambda); % std dev (nsec) of ray arrival spacing %************************** Simulation preparation *************************h_len = 1000; % there must be a better estimate of # of paths than thisngrow = 1000; % amount to grow data structure if more paths are needed %Output variablesbeta = zeros(1,num_channels);h = zeros(h_len,num_channels);t = zeros(h_len,num_channels);t0 = zeros(1,num_channels);np = zeros(1,num_channels);aoa = zeros(h_len,num_channels); %added for making TG3c channel modelcl_idx = zeros(h_len,num_channels); %added for making TG3c channel model for display
Constant value for calculating TOAs of clusters and rays in each cluster
Initial number of array for storing results is set to be 1000. This number increases in increments of 1000 if necessary
Blue lines are added by NICT for making TSV MATLAB codes
Modification points in tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m (1/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 31Submission
for k = 1:num_channels % loop over number of channels tmp_h = zeros(size(h,1),1); tmp_t = zeros(size(h,1),1); tmp_aoa = zeros(size(h,1),1); %added for making TG3c channel model tmp_clidx = zeros(size(h,1),1); %added for making TG3c channel model %Set the number of generated clusters L = max(1, tsv_poissrnd(Lmean)); % tsv_poisson.m is added for making TG3c channel model %Initialize counter regarding the number of rays in clusters including %LOS component path_ix = 0;
Arrays for storing amplitudes, TOAs, and AOAs of rays in one channel realization
Number of clusters are determined according to the Poisson distribution
Counter for counting the number of generated paths
Modification points in tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m (2/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 32Submission
%The following lines are added for making TG3c channel model if nlos==0 % LOS condition expressed by TSV model if los_beta_flg == 1 % Desktop model % Compute LOS component (beta) on the basis of TSV model [beta0] = tg3c_tsv_beta_calc_pre_fin_rev4(fc, adist, tx_hpbw, rx_hpbw, ant_type); beta(k)=beta0; else % The other LOS models % LOS path loss beta(k)=1; end path_ix = path_ix + 1; %path_ix=1; tmp_h(path_ix)=beta(k); tmp_t(path_ix) = 0; tmp_clidx(path_ix) = 1; %LOS component assumed to be a cluster in display tmp_aoa(path_ix) = 0; else % NLOS condition expressed by TSV model if los_beta_flg == -1 % LOS extraction mode beta(k)=0; end end
When nlos =1 and los_beta_flg = -1, LOS extraction mode are applied and beta is set to be 0
In the case of all the LOS models except LOS desktop model,
When nlos=0 and LOS_beta_flg =1, beta will be calculated in a function of LOS desktop behavior
Modification points in tg3c_tsv_ct_r5.m (3/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 33Submission
Summary of tsv_beta_calc_r4.m
This function computes amplitude of LOS component (beta) on the accordance with the two-path theory of TSV model
function [beta] = tsv_beta_calc_r4(fc, muD, tx_hpbw, rx_hpbw, ant_type) % Arguments:% fs : Center carrier frequency% muD : Average distance between TX and RX% tx_hpbw : TX half-power angle in deg% rx_hpbw : RX half-power angle in deg (horizontal and vartical gain are same)% ant_type : Antenna model used in simulation % Output values:% beta : Amplitude of LOS component (beta)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 34Submission
Block diagram of beta calculation in tsv_beta_calc_r4.m
D
hhjGGGG
D frtrt
D 2102211
22exp
[-0.3 0.3]MuD=1
Ht
=[0 0.3]
Hr
=[0 0.3]
D
h1
h2
√ Gt()
√ Gr()
√ Gt1
√ Gt2
√ Gr1
√ Gr2
t
r
t
r
uniform randomnumber generation
Calculationof AOA in
verticalaxis Beta
calculation
uniform randomnumber generation
uniform randomnumber generation
f
D, h1,h2 (in this figure, the heights of Tx and Rx) fluctuates according to the uniform distribution within +-30cm from the average value)
Beta can be calculated as below.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 35Submission
How to calculate tt, rr in tsv_beta_calc_r4.m
x
y
Tx antenna
Rx antennah1
h2
Reflection point:rfl_p=[D*h1/(h1+h2) 0]
[0 h1]
[D h2 ]
tan-1((h2 -h1)/D)
tan-1(-(h2 +h1)/D) -tan-1((h2 -h1)/D)
tan-1((h2 +h1)/D)
0 D
t t
rr
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 36Submission
% gamma0 : Reflection coefficientgamma0 = 1; % Assuming angle of incidence is large % these parameters will be discussedD0 = [-0.3 0.3]+muD; % Range of D (m)Ht = [0 0.3]; % Range of Ht (m)Hr = [0 0.3]; % Range of Hr (m) % Determine TX and RX heights by the Monte-carlo methodh1 = (Ht(2)-Ht(1))*rand+Ht(1);h2 = (Hr(2)-Hr(1))*rand+Hr(1); % Determine distance between TX and RX by the Monte-carlo methodD = (D0(2)-D0(1))*rand+D0(1); % Wave lengthramda = 3e8/fc;
Determine ranges of D and the heights of Tx and Rx antennas
The heights of Tx and Rx antennas vary according to the uniform distribution
MATLAB code tsv_beta_calc_r4.m
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 37Submission
%********** Calculate the reflection point of the re f lection path **********tx_p = i.*h1;rx_p = D+i.*h2;rfl_p = D*h1/(h1+h2); %************ Determine direction of direct and reflection paths ***********tp = angle([rx_p-tx_p (tx_p-rx_p) rfl_p-tx_p (rfl_p-rx_p)]);tp = tp./pi*180; dr_theta = tp(1);dr_fai = dr_theta;rfl_theta = tp(3);rfl_fai = -rfl_theta;
Set the positions of Tx and Rx antennas and the reflection point of radio wave transmitted from Tx in vector
Determine angles of departure and arrival of the radio wave in the horizontal axis
Calculate t, t, r, r
shown in slide X
MATLAB code tsv_beta_calc_r4.m (Cont’)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 38Submission
% TX-------------------% Direct pathgt1 = tsv_ant_gain_r5(ant_type, tx_hpbw, dr_theta);% Reflection pathgt2 = tsv_ant_gain_r5(ant_type, tx_hpbw, rfl_theta); % RX-------------------% Direct pathgr1 = tsv_ant_gain_r5(ant_type, rx_hpbw, dr_fai);% Reflection pathgr2 = tsv_ant_gain_r5(ant_type, rx_hpbw, rfl_fai); beta = (muD/D).*abs(gt1.*gr1+gt2.*gr2... .*gamma0.*exp(j.*(2*pi./ramda).*(2.*h1.*h2./D)
Determine electric strength of Tx and Rx antennas (in slide X)
See the equation expressed in slide X
MATLAB code tsv_beta_calc_r4.m (Cont’)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 39Submission
Summary of tsv_ant_gain_r5.m This function M-file outputs electric strength according to
angle of arrival (AOA). The antenna models contributed in TG3C can be used:– Reference antenna model (IEEE 15-06-0427-04-003c)– Gaussian-distributed antenna model (IEEE 15-06-0195-03-003c)
function g = tsv_ant_gain_r5(ant_type, hpbw, fai) % Arguments% ant_type : Antenna model used in simulation% 1: Reference antenna model% 2: Gaussian-distributed antenna model% hpbw : Half-power angle in deg% fai : Angle of arrival in deg% Option% fig_on : Index of figure that shows relative antenna gain% TITLE : figure title% Output value% g : Electric strength (True value)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 40Submission
Omni directional antenna:
Directional antenna: 1,0 D
)exp(,0 2 D
Antenna gain: ,, DGGr
-90 -45 0 45 90-20
-10
0
Angle [deg]
Gai
n [d
B]
Beamwidth 15 (Measured) 15 (Model = 40) 30 (Measured) 30 (Model = 10) 60 (Measured) 60 (Model = 2.5)
switch ant_type
case 1 %Reference antenna model
g = zeros(size(fai));
for ii=1:length(fai)
theta_ml=2.6*hpbw;
G0 = 10*log10((1.6162./sin(hpbw*pi/180/2))^2);
if abs(fai(ii))<=theta_ml/2
G = G0 - 3.01 * (2*abs(fai(ii))./hpbw).^2;
else
G = -0.4111.*log(hpbw)-10.597;
end
g0=G-G0;
g(ii) = 10.^(g0/20);
end
case 2 %Gaussian-distributed antenna model
alfa = 4*log(2)./(hpbw*pi/180).^2;
g = sqrt(exp(-alfa.*abs(fai./180*pi).^2));
otherwise
error('Antenna model error')
end
MATLAB code tsv_ant_gain_r4.m
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Angle [deg]
Re
lativ
e a
nte
nn
a g
ain
[dB
]
30 deg60 deg90 deg
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 41Submission
Start
LOS?
Beta ← 1
no
k>L
LOSDesktop model?
Calculate LOS component on the basis of TSV model
no yes
k ← k+1, Tr ← 0, and set the time-of-arrival, angle-of-arrival, and power of the k-th cluster
yes
Tr: arrival time of rayin the k-th cluster
no
yes
n >= N
yes
done
no
k←0
n←0
n←n+1
N: Number of Channel realizations A
B
Set antennagain?
yes
no Antenna gain convolution
A
Tr<Tr_len
yes
no
Set relative power of ray Pray
Store h_val, set the next arrival time of ray Tr’, and Tr ← Tr+Tr’
B
First ray ofK-th cluseter?
yes
no
Lower power of the ray by small Racianfactor and set difference of AOA of the ray to that of the first ray of the k-thcluster
Calculate angle-of-arrival of the ray
Calculate amplitude of ray and set it’s phase rotation h_val=10^((Pcluster+Pray)/20)
Flowchart of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (again)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 42Submission
%************************** SV cluster computation ************************* % Determine TOA and AOA of the fisrt SV cluster Tc = (std_L*randn)^2 + (std_L*randn)^2; %added for making TG3c channel model %AOA of clusters is distributed according to the uniform distribution cl_ang_deg = 360*rand-180; if nlos == 1 && los_beta_flg == -1 t0(k) = Tc; end
% delta K factor dK = L_pl-Omega0; %added for making TG3c channel model Tc0 = Tc;
Determine cluster’s TOA according to the Poisson arrival distribution, which is same as those in 15.3a and 15.4a
Calculate AOA of the first cluster. The angle is uniformly distributed from -180 to 180 degree
In the case of NLOS condition, the first arrival time of ray is stored, which is used for display
Calculate Rician factor (dK)
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (4/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 43Submission
for ncluster = 1:L % relative arrival time of the first ray is set to be 0 in each cluster Tr = 0; %added for making TG3c channel model %fray: flag set to be 1 when it is the first arrival ray fray = 1; Mcluster = std_ln_1*randn; %Pcluster = 10*log10(exp(-1*Tc/Gam))+Mcluster; % total cluster power %added for making TG3c channel model %The first ray of the first cluster is related to delta K factor Pcluster = (-dK-10*(Tc-Tc0)/Gam./log(10))+Mcluster;
Process of cluster generation is performed with cluster by cluster
TOA of the first ray is set to be 0 in each cluster
In the case of only the first ray, flag is set to be 1
The power of a cluster is distributed by the log-normal distribution with variance of std_ln_1 and mean of (dK-10*(Tc-Tc0)/Gam./log(10)). The average power of the first ray in each cluster is dK [dB] because Tc=Tc0
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (5/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 44Submission
Tr_len = 10*gamma; while (Tr < Tr_len), t_val = (Tc+Tr); % TOA of this ray %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- %The following lines are added for making TG3c channel model % Memo: first ray of the first cluster is set to the mean of the cluster. if fray == 1 % AOA = cluster arrival angle (first ray in each cluster) ray_ang_deg = cl_ang_deg; else % AOA = cluster arrival angle + ray arrival angle % Recalculate if AOA is more than 180 deg or less than -180 deg while 1 % Determine AOA of the ray according to the Laplace distribution in deg ray_ang_deg0 = tsv_laplacernd(sigma_fai); % average is 0 deg if abs(ray_ang_deg0) <= 180 break; end end ray_ang_deg = cl_ang_deg+ray_ang_deg0; end ray_aoa_c = exp(j.*ray_ang_deg./180*pi); aoa_val = angle(ray_aoa_c)/pi*180;
The TOA of ray is calculated until Tr is larger than Tr_len(10*gamma), the value of which is same as that written in the 15.4a MATLAB code
Calculated TOA of this ray
AOA of the first ray is set to the AOA of cluster
The angles of the other ray is Laplace distributed so as that mean values of the rays AOA is the AOA of the cluster.
If the angle is larger than +- 180 degree, the angle is re-generated.
Calculate AOA of the ray in deg
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (6/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 45Submission
Mray = std_ln_2*randn;
if fray == 1 %First ray of a cluster
%Pray = 10*log10(exp(-Tr/gamma))+Mray;
Pray = Mray; %Tr = 0 if small_dk = 0
% Set flag to be 0 after the first-ray's power calculation
fray=0;
else
% Convert the base of small Racian facter
small_dk = smallk.*10*log10(exp(1));
Pray = -10*Tr/gamma./log(10)-small_dk+Mray;
%Pray=10*log10(exp(-Tr/gamma))-small_dk+Mray;
end
h_val = 10^((Pcluster+Pray)/20);
The power of ray is distributed by the log-normal distribution with variance of std_ln_22 and mean of 10*log10(exp(-Tr/gamma))-small_dk.
Pray: power of ray, fray: flag (1:first ray and 0:othres)
Amplitude of the ray, fray: flag (1:first ray)
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (7/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 46Submission
% The following lines are the same as that of 15.4a MATLAB code except for some notes
% Increment the number of paths
path_ix = path_ix + 1;
if path_ix > h_len,
% grow the output structures to handle more paths as needed
tmp_h = [tmp_h; zeros(ngrow,1)];
tmp_t = [tmp_t; zeros(ngrow,1)];
h = [h; zeros(ngrow,num_channels)];
t = [t; zeros(ngrow,num_channels)];
%added for making TG3c channel model
tmp_aoa = [tmp_aoa; zeros(ngrow,1)];
tmp_clidx = [tmp_clidx; zeros(ngrow,1)];
aoa = [aoa; zeros(ngrow,num_channels)];
cl_idx = [cl_idx; zeros(ngrow,num_channels)];
Increment the number of rays
If prepared arrays are fully occupied, 1000 arrays are added to the old arrays
Store the amplitude, TOA, AOA, and cluster index of the ray
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (8/11)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 47Submission
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (9/11)
h_len = h_len + ngrow; end tmp_h(path_ix) = h_val; tmp_t(path_ix) = t_val; tmp_clidx(path_ix) = ncluster+1; %added for making TG3c channel model tmp_aoa(path_ix) = aoa_val; Tr = Tr + (std_lam*randn)^2 + (std_lam*randn)^2; end % Set the TOA and AOA of the next cluster to be generated Tc = Tc + (std_L*randn)^2 + (std_L*randn)^2; cl_ang_deg = 360*rand-180; %added for making TG3c channel model end
Set TOA of the next ray
Set TOA and AOA of the next cluster
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 48Submission
Modification points of g3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (10/11)
% The following lines are the same as that of 15.4a MATLAB code except for some notes
%********************************* Sorting *********************************
np(k) = path_ix; % Number of rays (or paths) for this realization
[sort_tmp_t,sort_ix] = sort(tmp_t(1:np(k))); % sort in ascending time order
t(1:np(k),k) = sort_tmp_t;
h(1:np(k),k) = tmp_h(sort_ix(1:np(k)));
aoa(1:np(k),k) = tmp_aoa(sort_ix(1:np(k))); %added for making TG3c channel model
%Attach the generated cluster index to each ray
cl_idx(1:np(k),k) = tmp_clidx(sort_ix(1:np(k))); %added for making TG3c channel model
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 49Submission
Modification points of tg3c_tsv_ct_r4.m (11/11)
%************** Generate continuous complex impulse responses **************
%************** with antenna gain convolution **************
% The following lines are added for making TG3c channel model
if op_num == 2 || op_num == 3
tGrh = tsv_ant_gain_r5(ant_type,rx_hpbw, aoa);
for ij=1:num_channels
tGrh(np(ij)+1:end,ij)=0;
end
h2 = h.*tGrh;
else
h2 = [];
end
Amplitude or rays are multiplied by the electric strength
Calculate electric strength obtained form AOA of the ray and antenna gain
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 50Submission
0 20 40 60 80 100-110
-105
-100
-95
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
Time of arrival [ns]
Rel
ativ
e po
wer
[dB
]
0 20 40 60 80 100-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
Time of arrival [ns]
Rel
ativ
e po
wer
[dB
]
S-V cluster
Antenna heightTx: 170 mmRx: 150 mmBeam width: 60 degDistance: 3m
LOS component
S-V clusters
Beam width: 60 degAssuming distance: 3m
LOS component
Comparison of experimental and simulated results
Experimental results Simulated results
Average RMS delay spread
10.6[ns] 7.9 [ns](Dependent on the distribution of β and antenna pattern )
(a) Experimental result (b) Simulation result
Simulation data is a snap-shot.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 51Submission
File format of MAT file for set of the TOA, AOA, and amplitude of ray
h_ct(1,1) h_ct(1,2) h_ct(1,Nch,)
h_ct(2,1) h_ct(2,2) h_ct(2,Nch)
h_ct(np(1),1)h_ct(np(2)-
1,2)
0 h_ct(np(2),2)
0 0 h_ct(np(Nch)-1, Nch)
0 0 h_ct(np(Nch), Nch)
# of channel realizations
(num_channels denoted by Nch)#
of r
ays
Generated MAT file (named tsv_goldset_CM**) includes Matrix of TOA(t_ct), AOA(aoa_ct) and amplitude without convolution of any antenna gain (h_ct) as well as number of paths (np). Formats of h_ct matrix and np are shown below. aoa_ct and t_ct have the same structure of matrix as h_ct.
np(1) np(2) Np(Nch)
# of channel realizations
(num_channels denoted by Nch)
Channel model index
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 52Submission
Generated MAT file (named tsv_dIR_cm**_n*_at*_fs*) includes Discrete impulse responses (combined with convolution of antenna gain) (h). Format of h matrix is shown below. aoa_ct and t_ct have the same structure of matrix as h.
Channel model index
File format of MAT file for discrete impulse responses
h(1,1) h(1,2) h(1,Nch,)
h(2,1) h (2,2) h(2,Nch)
h(ngrow,1) h(ngrow,2) h(ngrow,Nch)
# of channel realizations
(num_channels denoted by Nch)
# of
taps
(de
pend
ent
sam
ple
rate
)
Number of channel realizations
Antenna model
Sample rate
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 53Submission
Example of Power Delay Profile (CM1.3)
0
50
100
150
200
-200
-100
0
100
200-50
0
50
100
Time of arrival [ns])
Power delay profile
Angle of arrival [deg]
20
*lo
g1
0(a
mp
litu
de
)+1
00
[dB
]
0
100
200
300
-200
-100
0
100
200-50
0
50
100
Time of arrival [ns])
Power delay profile
Angle of arrival [deg]
20
*lo
g1
0(a
mp
litu
de
)+1
00
[dB
]
PDP without convolution of antenna gain
(*)Power of LOS component is normalized to be 0 +100 dB
PDP with RX antenna beam-widthOf 30 deg (*)
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 54Submission
Summary of TSV channel model Matlab code
Explained the following items– Overview , equations and parameters of TSV model
– Available channel models by TSV model
– Flowchart of the TSV model MATLAB code
– Primal functions in the program
Exhibited the following items– Comparison of experimental and simulated results
– File format of saved MAT files
– Power delay profile
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 55Submission
Appendix A: tsv_laplacernd.m
This function generates random values according to the Laplace distribution as
function [out]=tsv_laplacernd(a); U1=rand;U2=rand;out=(2.*(U1>=0.5)-1).*(a./sqrt(2)).*log(U2);
2
2
1)(
ep
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 56Submission
Appendix B: tsv_poissrnd.m
This function M-file generates random value from the Poisson distribution
function [out] = tsv_poissrnd(lamda) ar=exp(lamda)*rand; if ar<=1 out=0; return end out=1;while 1 ar=ar*rand; if ar<=1 return end out=out+1;end
!)(
k
ekp
k
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 57Submission
Appendix C: tg3c_sv_cnvrt_ct.m
The function converts continuous-time channel model h_ct to N-times over-sampled discrete-time samples convert continuous-time channel model h_ct to N-times oversampled discrete-time samples h_ct, t, np, and num_channels are as specified in uwb_sv_model ts is the desired time resolution hN will be produced with time resolution ts / N.
It is up to the user to then apply any filtering and/or complex down-conversion and then decimate by N to finally obtain an impulse response at time resolution ts.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 58Submission
Appendix D: tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.mand tg3c_tsv_results_disp.m
Tg3c_tsv_menu_disp.m, and tg3c_tsv_results_disp setups input arguments, and exhibits some of highlight simulation results, respectively
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 59Submission
Main Menu for 802.15.3c TSV Channel Model ... Option 1: Create CM Golden Set (Power,TOA, and AOA of Rays before Antenna Gain Convolution) Option 2: Create Discrete CM Impulse Responses using Antenna Model Option 3: Create Discrete CM Impulse Responses using Antenna Model with Simulation Results Displayed Option 4: Exit Program
Select menu index: Option
To make channel response based on TSV-model
If you use “Option 3”, please press “3+ Enter” key.
Select menu index: Option 3
******************* T-S-V Channel Model Parameter Setup *******************Channel Model Index:
Scenario Environment EngineCM1: LOS Residential TSV EngineCM2: NLOS Residential TSV Engine (LOS component exstraction mode)CM3: LOS Office TSV EngineCM4: NLOS Office TSV EngineCM5: LOS Library SV engineCM6: NLOS Library SV engineCM7: LOS Conference SV engineCM8: NLOS Conference SV engineCM9: LOS Desktop TSV EngineCM10: NLOS Corridor SV engine
Select Channel Model index to Generate: CM
If you use “CM1”, please press “1 + Enter”.key.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 60Submission
Select Channel Model index to Generate: CM1 -------- LOS Residential Channels will be Generated with TSV Engine -------Measured Antenna model used in simulation configulationCM1.1: Tx : 360 deg, Rx : 15 degCM1.2: Tx : 60 deg, Rx : 15 degCM1.3: Tx : 30 deg, Rx : 15 degCM1.4: Tx : 15 deg, Rx : 15 degNOTICE: Rx Antenna Beam-width can be changed, whereas Tx Antenna Beam-width is fixed,
Select CM to Generate: CM1.
To make channel response based on TSV-model (cont’)
If you use “CM1.3”, please press ”3+ Enter” key.
Select CM to Generate: CM1.3------------ Center Carrier Frequency ------------Set Center Carrier Frequency in GHz :If skipped, this variable will be set to be 60 (GHz)->
If you select “skip”, please press “Enter” key.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 61Submission
------------------ Antenna Model -----------------Antenna Model: Model 1: Reference Antenna ModelModel 2: Gaussian-Distributed Antenna ModelSet Antenna Model Used in Simulation: Model If skipped, Reference Antenna Model will be used->1
To make channel response based on TSV-model (cont’)
If you use “Model 1”, please press ”1 + Enter” key.
------------------ Rx antenna HPBW -----------------Input Rx Beam-width used in Simulation in Deg from 0 to 360 DegIf skipped, this variable is set to 30 (Deg) (Default value)->
If you select “skip”, please press “Enter” key.
--------------- Channel Realization --------------Set Number of Channel RealizationsIf skipped, Number of Channel Realizations will be set to be 100->
If you select “skip”, please press “Enter” key.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 62Submission
***************************** Save and Display **************************** --------- Save Discrete Impulse Responses --------Save Discrete Impulse Responses to MAT file? YES(1) or NO(0) ->1
To make channel response based on TSV-model (cont’)
Please press ”1+Enter” if you save discrete impulse response and some of parameters----------- Display Simulation Results -----------Display Antenna Model used in Simulation? YES(1) or NO(0) ->0
Please press “1 + Enter” key if you want to see power delay profile,
Display Power Delay Profile? YES(1) or NO(0) ->0
Press “3 +Enter” key if you display 3D delay power profile
Please press ”1 + Enter” key if you display Tx and Rx antenna models used
2D Profile in Each Realization(1)2D Profile in All Realizations(2)3D Profile(3)
------------------ Sample rate -----------------Set Sample Rate in GHz :If skipped, this Variable is set to be 1 (GHz)->1
Please Press “1+ Enter” key if you use a sample rate of 1Gbps
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 63Submission
SV Code Support
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 64Submission
Channel Model Parameters
Blue = ProvidedRed = Assumed (missing value)
Ref. 15-06-0400-01
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 65Submission
Param CM1.5 CM5 CM9.3 CM10
n 1.53 3 3 2.29
PLo 75.1 50 50 69.7
s1.5 10 10 8.4
ns-1 1/4.76 0.25 1.72 N/A
ns-1 1/1.30 4.0 3.14 1.0
ns 4.19 12 4.01 N/A
ns 1.07 7.0 0.58 7.0
c dB1.54 5.0 2.70 N/A
r dB1.26 6.0 1.90 0
degs
8.32 10.0 14.0 14.5
4 17 14.0 1
K dB
10 8 10 N/A
k dB
-10 -13 -10 -10
nlos 0 0 0 0
TSV 0 0 0 0
Syn
NLOS
0 0 0 0
L
Note: CM2.5 and CM6 derived from CM1.5 and CM5 by nulling out the LOS component
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 66Submission
Target Channel Characteristics
CM1.5 CM5 CM9.3 CM10
Λ Cluster Arrival Rate (ns-1)
0.21008 0.25 1.72 ---
λ Ray Arrival Rate (ns-1)
0.76923 4 3.14 1.0
Γ Cluster Decay Factor (ns)
4.19 12 4.01 ---
γ Ray decay Factor (ns)
1.07 7 0.58 7.0
σc sd of cluster 1.54 5 2.7 ---
σr sd of ray 1.26 6 1.9 0
σΦ sd of AoA 8.32 10 14 14.5
Simulated Model Characteristics
Λ Cluster Arrival Rate (ns-1)
0.15657 0.23839 1.5506 ---
λ Ray Arrival Rate (ns-1)
0.77449 4.0098 3.1296 0.98505
Γ Cluster Decay Factor (ns)
4.19 12 4.01 ---
γ Ray decay Factor (ns)
0.8025 6.6111 0.54133 6.8
σc sd of cluster 1.2618 4.1071 2.1727 ---
σr sd of ray 0.98987 4.785 1.5243 0
σΦ sd of AoA 8.3288 10.0174 13.977 14.4369
Good agreement on Cluster Statistics between theory and actual.
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 67Submission
Distribution FunctionsLog Normal Poisson
Determining the number of clusters and the number of rays per cluster
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 68Submission
Cluster Generation
Ray Generation
Definition of Variables
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 69Submission
Putting it All Together – Composite Cluster/Ray Generation
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 70Submission
Cluster Definition
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 71Submission
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Average Power per Cluster
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Instantaneous Power per Cluster
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Cluster AoA
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Cluster ToA
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 72Submission
Ray Definition
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 73Submission
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40Ray ToA
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6Ray AoA
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Ray Ave Pow
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Ray Ins Pow
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 74Submission
Combined Cluster + Ray Definition
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 75Submission
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Instantaneous Power
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7AoA
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
20
40
60
80
100
120ToA
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 76Submission
3-D Representation
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 77Submission
020
4060
80100
-100
0
100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
ToA nS
Ray amplitude vs. AoA and ToA
AoA degrees
Line
ar A
mp
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 78Submission
Discrete Time Sorted Definition
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 79Submission
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Sorted Amplitude
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4Sorted Ray AoA
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
20
40
60
80
100
120Sorted Time
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
20
40
60
80
100
120ToA
sort
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 80Submission
Apply the Spatial Filtering to form IR
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 81Submission
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Ray Polar Plot before Spatial Filtering
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Ray Polar Plot after Spatial Filtering
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
x 10-9
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0Impulse Response dB Magnitude
nS
dB
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
x 10-8
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1real impulse response
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
x 10-8
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1imag impulse response
nS
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 82Submission
Creating Continuous Time Impulse Response
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 83Submission
Convert Continuous Time to Discrete Time
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 84Submission
Synthesizing NLOS Clusters from LOS Clusters
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 85Submission
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Instantaneous Power
Regular LOS Clusters
First cluster contains both LOS impulse and multipath energy
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 86Submission
Synthesized NLOS Clusters
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30Ray Ins Pow
First cluster (LOS) is nulled out
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 87Submission
Impulse Response Truncation
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 88Submission
% truncate impulse response to the -40 dB point
z_max=max(max(abs(ImpDt)));
for index_cn=1:NumChannels
IM_done=0;
for index=length(ImpDt):-1:1 % work backwards thru vector
if IM_done==0
if abs(ImpDt(index,index_cn))>z_max/1e2
index_max(index_cn)=index; % search for largest index that gives -40 dB
IM_done=1;
end
end
end
end
ImpDtTrunc=ImpDt(1:max(index_max),:); % truncate by using the largest index
Discrete Time Impulse Response Truncation Routine – prevents excessively long impulse responses containing little energy
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 89Submission
SV Menu Options
Most of the menus are self explanatory
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 90Submission
****************************************************************************************************** Merged version 1.01 of channel model MATLAB code (TSV Engine and SV engine) Jan 9 2006 ****** Programmed by Richard D Roberts (SV engine), Hiroshi Harada, Ryuhei Funada, Hirokazu Sawada ****** , Yozo Shoji and Shuzo Kato (TSV engine) ****************************************************************************************************** ****************** History ****************** *** SV engine *** *** Version Release 1.000, December 20 2006 *** *** TSV engine *** *** Version Release 1.000, December 20 2006 *** ---- Feature ---- 1. Supported CM1,2,3,4, and 9 2. Generated continuous data and resampled data 3. Included reference antenna pattern discussed in Nov. 2006 4. Implemented all of the changes discussed in Nov. 2006 ---- Bug report ---- Jan 9, 2007 rev. 1.01 - added to Menu, SV models CM1.5, CM2.5 and CM9.3 Do you want to run TSV (1) or SV (2) model? 2 Main Menu for 802.15.3c SV Channel Model ... Option 1: Analyze Statistics of a Previously Generated CM Impulse Response & View Realizations Option 2: Generate CM Impulse Responses by Appling Spatial Filtering & Entering Sample Rate [run this to generate impulse responses] Option 3: Obtain Cluster Statistics Option 4: Graphically View S-V Clusters for a Particular CM Option 5: Generate All New S-V Clusters [run this second to generate all the S-V clusters] Option 6: Load S-V Parameters and Make Directories [run this first to build directories] Option 7: Exit Program Option 8: Revision History Input Menu Option Number [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
Main SV Menu
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 91Submission
Main Menu for 802.15.3c SV Channel Model ... Option 1: Analyze Statistics of a Previously Generated CM Impulse Response & View Realizations Option 2: Generate CM Impulse Responses by Appling Spatial Filtering & Entering Sample Rate Option 3: Obtain Cluster Statistics Option 4: Graphically View S-V Clusters for a Particular CM Option 5: Generate All New S-V Clusters Option 6: Load S-V Parameters and Make Directories Option 7: Exit Program Option 8: Revision History Input Menu Option Number [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] 5 Caution: proceeding will overwrite previously stored clusters! Do you want to proceed? [1="yes", 2="no"] 1 Do you want to regenerate "Golden Clusters"? [1="yes", 2="no"] 2 [type 1 to generate golden clusters] SV Parameters Loaded --> Running Generate Clusters *** Warning: Be sure to run option 6 first to generate sub-directory structure *** Please Input Number of Channels to Generate (e.g. 100) 100 [enter number of realizations to generate]
Option 5
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 92Submission
Main Menu for 802.15.3c SV Channel Model ... Option 1: Analyze Statistics of a Previously Generated CM Impulse Response & View Realizations Option 2: Generate CM Impulse Responses by Appling Spatial Filtering & Entering Sample Rate Option 3: Obtain Cluster Statistics Option 4: Graphically View S-V Clusters for a Particular CM Option 5: Generate All New S-V Clusters Option 6: Load S-V Parameters and Make Directories Option 7: Exit Program Option 8: Revision History Input Menu Option Number [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] 2 Please Enter Channel Model Number of InterestPlease Input SV CM Number:(1.5, 2.5, 5, 6, 9.3, 10) 1.5 --> Running Generate Impulse Response This routine generates a complex baseband impulse response Input Sample Frequency (Gsps): 2.5 Use applicable TSV default antenna beamwidths (1) or select your own beamwidth (2)? 2 Input Antenna Beam Width: [1 to 360 degs]: 90 ...RX Antenna Beamwidth=90 degrees Do you want "Gaussian Sidelobes" (1) or "Ideal" (2): 1 Input Ant Point Ang: [-180 to 180 degs] - or - enter "181" for automatic pointing per realization: 181 Do you want to track the strongest cluster [1] or strongest ray [2]? 2 Running Auto Antenna Pointing Algorithm Model Characteristics Mean delays: excess (tau_m) = 0.05 ns, RMS (tau_rms) = 0.34 ns # paths: NP_10dB = 1.0, NP_85% = 1.0 Channel energy: mean = -0.0 dB, std deviation = 0.0 dB Channels Spatially Nulled: 0.0 , Remaining Channels: 100.0 Writing ASCII files IR_real.xls and IR_imag.xls to directory CM1.5 *** Strike Any Key to Continue ***
Option 2
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 93Submission
CM MAT File Definition
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 94Submission
Directory Structure
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 95Submission
save ClusterInfo ToaCluster AoaCluster AvePowCluster InsPowCluster
cluster+ray metrics in cluster ordered columns by channel
CM Vector1xN vector
CM ArrayM*N x N array
cluster metrics in cluster columns by channel
save FullArray ToaArray AoaArray InsPowArray0
00
0000
00
000
save FullValues Toa Aoa InsPow
cluster+ray metrics in a cluster ordered vector by channel
CM VectorM*N x 1
CM ArrayMxN Array
ray metrics in cluster columns by channel
save RayInfo ToaRay AoaRay AvePowRay InsPowRay
CM ArrayM x N array
cluster+ray metrics in cluster columns by channel
save FullVectors ToaVector InsPowVector AoaWrappedVector
ray metrics in cluster ordered columns by channel
save RayArray ToaRayArray AoaRayArray AvePowRayArray InsPowRayArray CM ArrayM*N x N array
000
0000
00
000
time sorted cluster+ray metrics in a cluster ordered vector by channel
CM VectorM*N x 1save SortedVectors SortedAmp SortedTime SortedAng
N = number of clustersM = number of rays per clusterL = impulse response length
save ImpResp ImpDtTrunc TimeDt t0 NumChannels NothingLeft CM VectorL x 1 vector
discrete time response column vector by channel
save ImpInfoStuff t0 NumRays NumRaysPerCluster NumClusters NumChannelsmiscellaneous scalars used throughout the program
save IR_real.xls IR_real -ASCII -TABS
save IR_imag.xls IR_imag -ASCII -TABS CM VectorL x 1 vector
continuous time response column vector by channel
CM VectorL x 1 vector
continuous time response column vector by channel
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 96Submission
SV Flow Chart
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 97Submission
start
TSV or SV ?TSV SV
Select Option:1. Analyze IR2. Generte IR3. Statistics4. View Clusters5. Generate Clusters6. Load Parameters7. Exit Program8. Revision History
Call: AnalyzeImpulseOpt. 1
Call: GenImpulseOpt. 2
Call: ClusterStatsOpt. 3
Call: ViewClustersOpt. 4
Call: GenClustersOpt. 5
Call: LoadParamsOpt. 6
quitOpt. 7
print out historyOpt. 8
Main Menu
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 98Submission
AnalyzeImpulse
start
Load selected CMclusters
Determine channel energy
Calculate excess delay
RMS delay
Number of significant paths
Calculate average PDP
Plot out results
return
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 99Submission
GenImpulse
start
Load selected CMclusters
Input sample rate
Input beam width
Time sortoverlapped clusters
Normalize energy
Truncate impulse responseto -40 dBr point
Save complex impulseresponse to a file
returnAuto-point ?
yes no
Max ray or max cluster ?
rayclusterInput pointing
AoA
Find AoA ofmax ray
Find AoA ofmax cluster
Reject energy notinside the beam
Convert discrete timeto continuous time
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 100Submission
ClusterStats
start
Load selected CMclusters
Display databasedesired stats
Calculate cluster arrival rate
Calculate ray arrival rate
Calculate clusterdecay factor
Calculate raydecay factor
Calculate clusteramplitude statistics
Calculate rayamplitude statistics
Calculate strongestcluster AoA
return
Calculate strongestray AoA
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 101Submission
ViewClusters
start
Load selected CMclusters
Plot average powerper cluster
Plot instantaneous powerper cluster
Plot cluster AoA
Plot cluster ToA Plot 3-D cluster
returnPlot average power
per ray
Plot instantaneous powerper ray
Plot ray AoA
Plot ray ToA
Plot compositeaverage power
Plot compositeinstantaneous power
Plot composite AoA
Plot composite ToA
Jan 2007 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/0533r0
Hiroshi Harada (NICT), Rick Roberts (Intel)Slide 102Submission
GenClusters
StartGenClusters
Input number of realizations
Fetch stored parameters
return
Determine numberof clusters to generate
Generate clusters
Generate rayswithin each cluster
if synthesizing NLOSthen null out first cluster
Make composite clusters bycombining cluster and ray info
Store off cluster, ray and composite matrices