jan m. rabaey, e. alon, a. niknejad, b. nikolic, j. wawrzynek, p. wright, r. brodersen scientific...
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Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen
Scientific Co-Directors Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)University of California at Berkeley
A Brand New Wireless DayThe Second Decade of BWRC
BEARS 2009, February 12, 2008
10 Years of BWRC
Ultra-low Power Wireless60 GHz CMOS Wireless
Pulse-Based UWB Cognitive Radio
Real-time Prototyping
A Decade of Impact
Start-up companies, numerous best paper awards, alumni’s as leaders in the wireless industry and academia
BWRC – Quo Vadis?
5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN)
7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF)1000 wireless devices per person?
[Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia]
EE Times,January 07, 2008
Growth of Wireless to Continue Unabatedly!
Infrastructionalcore
Sensory swarm
Mobileaccess
The Emerging IT Platform
The Birth of Societal IT Systems*:Looking Beyond the Devices
Complex collections of sensors, controllers, compute and storage nodes, and actuators that work
together to improve our daily lives
*Also known as SiS
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
7 trillion radios quickly run out of spectrum …
Wireless is notoriously unreliable Heterogeneity causes incompatibilities Most devices energy-constrained
Imagine a Different World
IEEE Proceedings, July 2008
How would you build your wireless network?
The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? The fundamental problem of wireless:
Forced interactionScarcity of spectrum and energy resources
Tech A
Tech B
Tech C
WL 1
WL 3
WL 2
Wireless Today!
Space
The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? Combat interference through better
utilization of resourcesPro-active coexistenceCollaboration
A Transformative Deployment Model :Spectrum as a Dynamically Tradable Commodity
The Connectivity-Brokerage Model
PS
D
Frequency
PU1
PU2
PU3
PU4
Sense spectral environment over wide bandwidth
Reliably detect primary users and/or interferers
Rules of sharing available resources Flexibility to adjust to changing
circumstances C
onfig
urab
le a
rray
RF
RF
RF
Sensor(s)
Optimizer
ReconfigurableBaseband
Cognitive terminal
First Experiment in Cognitive: TV Bands @ 700 MHz(IEEE 802.22)
Pro-active Coexistence
to Enable Dynamic Spectrum Allocation
The Power ofCOLLABORATION
Conventional mindset: Services compete!Adding terminals degrades user capacity
Working together leads to better capacity, coverage, efficiency and/or reliability
Goal: Linear improvement in capacity with the number of users (Gupta/Kumar, Leveque/Tse)
Multi-hop mesh
CollaborativeMIMO
Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration WorkFunctional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of services
A Technical as well as Economic Proposition
Tech C
Tech B
Tech A
RepositoryBrokerWL 1,2,3
Policies, Models
Space
Multi-disciplinary projectProposed as NSF ExpeditionIn collaboration with business school,providers and regulators
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
Ever Higher-Data Rates60 GHz Offers Plenty of Free Spectrum, but …• Restricted to Room Size• Takes Watts
Single-carrier LOS
Single-carrier Beamforming
Relaying and Distributed MIMO
Gigabits/sec for Mobiles?Energy-Efficient 60 GHz Personal Area Networking
Fast Data Transfer
Prototype 60 GHz LOS Transceiver
Simple modulation (2 PAM)High bandwidthLow complexity high-speed analogLow speed digital control/calibration
170mW TX mode; 138mW RX
Collaborative Wafer-Scale Radio
1000s of radios and antennas on single or a stack of wafers • Communication channels configurable in range and capacity • Unprecedented opportunities in imaging
Challenges• On-chip antennas with high efficiency• High-speed back-bone communication
link• Wide-area synchronization for
collaborative communications
Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True
The Sensory Swarm“Adding senses to the Internet”
“Disappearing electronics” Low-cost Miniature size Self-contained from energy
perspective
UCB PicoCube
UCB mm3 radio
True Immersion
Still out of reach
Example: Microscopic Wireless to Power Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI)The Age of NeuroscienceBMI – The Instrumentation of Neuroscience• Learning about operation of the brain• Enabling advanced prosthetics• Enabling innovative human-machine
interfaces
mm3 nodesremotely powereduWs to 1 mWpower budget
Rethinking the Meaning of Scaling Traditional scaling rules have minor impact in “Mobile
and Sensory Swarm”… Exponentially increasing number of (ultra-)small components
Driven byheterogeneousintegration ofinnovativetechnologies
Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivityat ULP [Courtesy: N. Pletcher, UCB]
Mechanical Computing [Courtesy: C. Nguyen, UCB]
Relay-Based LogicCourtesy: E. Alon, UCB]
In Summary …