janet s. austin, ph.d. director, office of communications and public liaison national institute of...
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Janet S. Austin, Ph.D.Director, Office of Communications and Public LiaisonNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of Health
Connecting Science to PeopleConnecting Science to People
Connecting Science to Connecting Science to PeoplePeople
• Make medical research personally relevant
• Serve as trusted source of health information
• Explain NIH’s role in medical research
Communication Objectives
NIH Resource: NIH Resource: NIH Web Site, www.nih.govNIH Web Site, www.nih.gov
http://medlineplus.gov
http://clinicaltrials.gov
NIH Resource: NIH Resource: Other NIH Web SitesOther NIH Web Sites
NIAMS Mission
• The mission of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, a component of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Institutes of Health, is to support:
• research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases,
• the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research, and
• the dissemination of information on research progress in these diseases.
Connecting Science to PeopleConnecting Science to People
“Our research belongs ultimately to the
American people, for whom we serve as
stewards in improving the public's
health.”
Stephen I. Katz, M.D., Ph.D. NIAMS Director
Connecting Science to PeopleConnecting Science to People
What OCPL DoesWhat OCPL Does • Publications
• Feature writing
• Media liaison
• Inquiry response
• Outreach
• Public liaison
• Web management
• Communications support
• Clearinghouse contract management
• Multicultural health communications
• Web content management
OCPL StaffOCPL Staff• Writer-editors
• Public affairs specialists
• Health educators
• Public liaison officer
• Web manager
• Information assistants
• Support staff
• Project officers
Points of ServicePoints of Service
• NIAMS Office of Communication and Public Liaison (OCPL)
• NIAMS Information Clearinghouse
• NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases~National Resource Center
Publications: Production and Publications: Production and DisseminationDissemination
• Handouts on Health
• Questions and Answers series
• Fact Sheets
• Special publications (e.g., Progress and Promise)
• Easy-to-read, bilingual, and Spanish publications
• Information packets
• Newsletters: Shorttakes, IRPartners, E-Blast
Public LiaisonPublic Liaison• Outreach to constituency
groups
• Contact for constituent referral for Members of Congress
• Liaison to NIAMS Coalition
• Public contact for policy matters
Web Content ManagementWeb Content Management• Web design
• Web policy
• Information updates
• Technology issues
• Inquiry response
• Content
Information Development and Information Development and DisseminationDissemination
Guiding Principles:• Provide culturally appropriate, audience-specific
educational materials written in plain language• Routinely review and revise existing materials• Facilitate rigorous review of NIAMS materials by the
scientific and lay communities• Work collaboratively with other NIH/DHHS
organizations, voluntary and professional groups, and universities and medical centers in developing materials
• Effectively use intermediaries for distribution, including faith- and community-based organizations, NIAMS partners, the Federal Consumer Information Center, and health professionals
Arthritis Overview
What is Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease?
Rheumatic diseases involve the muscle, joints, and bones. There are over 100 rheumatic diseases.
Arthritis literally means joint inflammation.
Many rheumatic diseases cause inflammation of joints and also muscle, bones, and other supporting structures.
Diagnosing Arthritis
Early diagnosis and treatment is important.
Diagnosis can be difficult because some symptoms and signs are common to many different diseases.
It may take more than one office visit for the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis.
Treating Arthritis
Treatment Goals:
Relieve pain Control inflammation Slow down or stop joint damage Improve well-being and ability to
function Prevent disability
Ways to Treat Arthritis
Lifestyle changes
Medications
Surgery
Complementary and alternative medicine and nutritional supplements
Lifestyle changes
Healthful diet and weight control
Exercise
Rest and relief
Non-drug pain relief
Healthful Diet and Weight Control
An overall nutritious diet is important
Weight loss can reduce stress on weight-bearing joints
Limit or avoid consuming alcohol
A dietitian can help
Exercise
Reduces joint pain
Helps maintain healthy weight
Increases flexibility, muscle strength, cardiac fitness, and endurance
Ask a doctor or physical therapist what exercises are best for you
Rest and Relief
Learn your body’s signals on when to stop or slow down
Rest helps reduce joint inflammation and fights fatigue
Short breaks better than prolonged time in bed
Splints or braces can take pressure off joints
Assistive devices helps reduce joint stress
Non-Drug Pain Relief
Relaxation, distraction, visualization exercises
Heat and cold treatments
Massage
TENS
Medications
Corticosteroids
Disease-Modifying
Antirheumatic Drugs
(DMARDs)
Analgesics (pain
relievers)
Nonsteroidal Anti-
Inflammatory Drugs
(NSAIDs)
Biological response modifiers
Hyaluronic acid products
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
or Pharmacist How often should I take this medicine?
Should I take this medicine with food or between meals?
What side effects might occur?
Should I take this medicine with the other prescription medicines I take?
Is this medication safe considering other medical conditions I have?
Surgery
Surgery is used to: Reduce pain Improve the affected joint’s function Improve ability to perform daily
activities
Things to consider Level of disability Intensity of pain Age Occupation Level of interference with the
patient’s lifestyle
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Ongoing research on therapies for people with osteoarthritis: Acupuncture Nutritional supplements
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate
Vitamins D Green tea
NIAMS Arthritis Research
NARAC
NIAMS IRP
OAI CARRA
Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)
• A Public-Private Partnership• Funded by 7 NIH Components, the
FDA and several pharmaceutical companies
• Includes 4,800 participants at risk for developing knee OA
• GOALS:• To create research resources to
aid in the identification and evaluation of biomarkers for OA
• To further drug development and improve public health
North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium
(NARAC)• A multicenter group that seeks
to identify RA susceptibility genes
• Recent discoveries include the identification of susceptibility genes common to people with RA and lupus, and identifying a new RA susceptibility gene region
Childhood Arthritis & Rheumatology Research
Alliance (CARRA)
NIAMS supports many CARRA studies, including:
• Trial of Early Aggressive Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
NIAMS Intramural Research Program
(IRP)• NIAMS Community Health Center
(Cardozo area of Washington, D.C.)
• NIAMS Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic
• NIAMS Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch
• NIAMS Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch
For more information
www.niams.nih.gov/health_info
2 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892 - 3676
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-226-4267
Email: [email protected]
http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info
NIAMSInformation
Clearinghouse
Osteoporosis Overview
Why Are Healthy Bones Important?
• Strong bones support us and allow us to move
• Bones are a storehouse for vital minerals
• Strong bones protect our heart, lungs, brain and other organs
Osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture.
Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. NIH Consens Statement 2000 March 27-29;
17(1): 1-36.
Prevalence
• In the United States 8 million women and 2 million men have osteoporosis
• An additional 34 million Americans currently have low bone mass
• One out of two women and one out of four men aged 50 years and older will suffer an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime
Osteoporosis risk factors that you cannot change
• Gender – risk is greater for women
• Age - the older you are, the greater your risk
• Body size - Small, thin-boned women are at greater risk.
• Ethnicity - Caucasian and Asian women are at highest risk. African American and Hispanic women have a lower but significant risk.
• Family history - Fracture risk may be due, in
part, to heredity.
Osteoporosis risk factorsthat you can change
• Sex hormones - Abnormal absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea), low estrogen level (menopause), and low testosterone level in men.
• Anorexia nervosa - increases risk
• Calcium and vitamin D intake - A lifetime diet low in calcium and vitamin D.
• Medication use - Long-term use of glucocorticoids and some anticonvulsants and others.
Osteoporosis risk factorsthat you can change
• Physical Activity - An inactive lifestyle or extended bed rest tends to weaken bones.
• Cigarette smoking - Cigarettes are bad for bones as well as the heart and lungs.
• Alcohol intake - Excessive consumption increases the risk of bone loss and fractures.
DXA: The Gold Standard
Medications
•Bisphosphonates - Bisphosphonates slow the
bone breakdown process. Healthy bones are in a state of continuous breakdown and rebuilding. As you get older, and especially after menopause when your estrogen levels decrease, the bone breakdown process accelerates. When bone rebuilding fails to keep pace, bones deteriorate and become weaker. Bisphosphonates basically put a brake on that.
•Raloxifene - Raloxifene is in a class of medications
called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Raloxifene prevents and treats osteoporosis by mimicking the effects of estrogen (a female hormone produced by the body) to increase the density (thickness) of bone.
•Calcitonin - Calcitonin is a medicine that slows the rate of
bone loss and relieves bone pain.
•Teriparatide - Teriparatide contains a synthetic form
of natural human hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). It works by causing the body to build new bone and by increasing bone strength and density (thickness).
•Estrogen/Hormone Therapy
Universal Steps for Strong Bones
• A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
•Regular weight-bearing activity
•Healthy lifestyle
Calcium
• Food sources are recommended
Dairy productsFortified foodsGreen vegetables
• Supplements are often necessary
How Much Calcium?
Age Amount
0-6 months 210 mg/day
7-12 months 270 mg/day
1-3 years 500 mg/day
4-8 years 800 mg/day
9-18 years 1300 mg/day
19-50 years 1000 mg/day
Over 50 years 1200 mg/day
Vitamin D
•Necessary for the absorption of calcium
•Synthesized in skin on exposure to sunlight or ingested in foods such as egg yolks, fish, liver, or supplements
•Fortified milk, cereals and orange calcium
Vitamin D: The Sunshine Vitamin
•According to National
Osteoporosis Foundation,
usually 10-15 minutes
exposure of hands, arms and
face two to three times a
week (depending on one's
skin sensitivity) is enough to
satisfy the body's vitamin D
requirement.
Physical Activity
• Weight-bearing (walking, stair climbing, dancing)
• Tai chi – enhances muscle function and balance
• Avoid exercises that involve:
Forward flexion of the spineBending from the waistTwisting or jerking the spine
Keep one foot on the ground
NIAMS-funded Osteoporosis
Research
Good Vibrations
Can vibrations build bone and reduce fat?
NIH-NASA Partnership
Mr. OS
NIH Senior Health.gov
2 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3676
Phone: 202–223–0344
Toll Free: 800–624–BONE
TTY: 202-466-4315
Fax: 202-293-2356
Email: [email protected]
Website:
http://www.niams.nih.gov//bone/
NIH ORBD~NRC