january 2015

SPECTRUMMAIMONIDES SCHOOL STUDENT NEWSPAPER

Vol. III Issue 4

TRAGEDY AT FORT HOOD

Army Psychologist Charged | 5

ANIMAL BYPRODUCTS

Okay to Eat? | 6

In early November, a

small group of seniors and

juniors traveled to Washing-

ton, D.C. to attend an AIPAC

High School Conference.

AIPAC, the American Is-

rael Public Affairs Commit-

tee, is an interest group that

lobbies Congress in support

of a strong relationship be-

tween America and Israel.

Contrary to popular belief,

AIPAC is not a traditional

political action committee

(PAC) since it is bipartisan

and does not endorse can-

didates who run for office.

When the Maimonides

delegation arrived at the

majestic Washington Grand

Hyatt, they picked up their

name tags and ran to the

conference’s main meet-

ing room just in time to

catch the end of the open-

ing remarks. They soon

learned that the delegations

there included people from

states including Michigan,

Florida, California, New

York, New Jersey and Mary-

land. Overall, there were

over 400 other high school

students, all eager to learn

what AIPAC was about.

When Maimonides stu-

dents received their name

tags, they also received

a schedule that told them

they would be hearing lec-

tures on topics ranging from

‘Understanding AIPAC’s

Mission and Mandate’ to

‘Iran and the Bomb.’ For

the first day and a half, the

Maimonides delegation was

divided into groups based

on their name tags. The

first speeches were mostly

about AIPAC’s mission and

why it is important. Also

After fighting through five ag-

gressive games, the Maimonides

boys’ soccer team boasted an impres-

sive 4-1 record. With a growing fan

base and a four game winning streak,

morale soared. Coach Borkow kept

his M-Cats in tip-top shape with at

least five rigorous practices a week

supplemented by daily sets of push-

ups. Assistant Coach Barbosa used

his years of soccer experience to

share powerful plays and innovative

game day strategies. As a team, the

M-Cats were poised to meet any chal-

lenges their schedule held in store.

In game six of the season, Mai-

monides faced Matignon High

School. Just a week before, Matignon

and Maimonides had battled it out in

true warrior fashion. Despite a late

game comeback by Matignon, Mai-

monides escaped with a 4-3 victory.

As they left the field, it was clear that

Matignon was hungry for revenge.

Everyone knows that eating in the

library is forbidden, yet people con-

tinue to do it anyway. It states in the

Upper School Handbook: “No food

or drink (except water) is allowed in

classrooms, in the library, or in the

shul” (Section 3-School Rules: Food

Outside Permitted Areas). This rule

has been in use for eighteen years. So

why doesn’t everybody follow it? Why

is it a rule to begin with? Has this rule

turned into a joke that no one wants to

adhere to? To answer this last ques-

tion, I first had to find out why stu-

dents eat in the library to begin with.

I believe I found my answer when I

interviewed sophomore Tess Niewood.

When I asked her opinion about the

prohibition of food in the library, she

was hesitant to respond. Ultimately, she

did agree that the rule “makes sense.” I

asked her if she thought that it was fair

that students disregarded the rule. She

answered that it’s not fair, but it’s not

something that is likely to change. The

library is a place where students hang

out; there are few other places to go.

The student lounge is very small, and

mostly used by juniors and seniors. The

A Capital Good Time

Road to the

State

Tournament

The Law of the LibraryBy Ariela Greengart

Continued on pg.5

By Ben Niewood

In This Issue:

Scheduling Woes: A Maimo student takes a stab at the schedule, offer-ing a proposal to solve his personal angst......page 2

Robben Island: Sarah Ricklan goes to a former Prisoner of War

camp and lives to tell the tale................page 2

Bombs Away:�e US gets tired of wars on Earth and decides to bomb the moon..............page 7

�e Cartoon:Sick of waiting for �e

Spectrum Poll to return, Eli Portman makes a timely one

of his own............page 8

Culinary Corner:Sarah Robinson teaches you how to make a �anksgiving

pie.....................page 11

Continued on pg.7

By Daniel Lasman

Continued on pg.5

November 2009

Student outlaw munching in the library

Maimonides students at the Capitol

Vol. XXI Issue 6 January 2015 / Tevet 5775 WWW.MAIMOSPECTRUM.COM

In This Issue:

Debbie-Lee Baskir makes the argument for

intergenerational work... Page 3

Adira Smirnov warns about the dangers of too

much technology … Page 4

Chaiel Schaffel reports on the tumultuous Spectrum

Chanukah party... Page 6

Sarah Cohen describes the recent Chanukah

banquet—what happened and who contributed to its

success... Page 6

Michael Gerber details the Israeli government’s ac-tions against the families of the Har Nof terrorists

... Page 9

By AkivA JAcoBs ‘17Music is gravitating

towards electronics. Whether it be the use of synthesized electronic instruments or the in-crease of heavy produc-tion after the song is re-corded, it is safe to say that most musicians and bands nowadays would admit that computers and electronics are an important, if not essen-tial, part of their music. Bands like Röyksopp—a Norwegian band—are at the forefront of elec-tronic music and are paving the way for other bands to follow.

Not only is Röyksopp creating the future of music, but it is also re-ally good. In its latest

album, The Inevitable End, Röyksopp pro-duces a perfect balance of fun, emotion, and quality—three aspects that are vital to every single piece of music. Dance and pop music can often be called the “candy” of music be-cause there is not a lot of artistic thought put into them, there is not much substance to them, and they are fun to listen to. Therefore, it is refresh-ing to hear an album like The Inevitable End which has the fun of dance and pop music, while still maintaining the good quality of other music.

Although this album does have some great

The Inevitable End Album Review

Police Brutality

Continued on page 8 Continued on page 7

Trust at Maimonides School

A Personal Letter to

Israel... Page 9

Mr. Smith Interview... Page 7

Don’t Force Davening... Page 3

Francois Maxime’s Twenty-Five Years at Maimo

By shoshAnA EhrEnkrAnz ‘16Francois Maxime, 52, is a

dedicated custodian at Maimonides and has been part of the Maimonides community for the past twenty-five years. Students may see Maxime working hard around Maimonides, but there is more to him than the Francois they often see. His journey leading him to Maimo is amazing.

Maxime grew up in Port-de-Paix, Haiti. At twenty-three years old, he moved to Florida, leaving his home and community for better opportunities. A selfless man, Maxime moved to give his family back home better lives. He and his wife, Ronie, have been married twenty years and have four children. Farnel, 19, is the oldest and attends

Continued on page 7

Continued on page 5

By chArlottE GuEdAliA ‘16 And AvivA rosEn ‘16

Editors’ note: This is an opin-ion article.

What catches your eye when you scroll down your Face-book news feed? Pictures from a friend’s dinner? A post about school?

What about what we, the writ-ers of this article, notice? We notice the protests. We notice the events and the marches all over Boston to show the city’s discontent with the recent police brutality against blacks.

What we needed to write, however, was not an expression of our emotions over the attacks. Rather, we write about what has been causing the attacks. Much of the United States, our-selves included, has been strug-gling with whether these recent events were unnecessary acts of racism or necessary acts of self-defense. We want to explore this issue further and try to come to a conclusion—or rather, an opin-ion—about what is happening in our country.

There are two main views on the recent police brutality. The first is that while, as citizens of the United States, we like to be-lieve that racism is a thing of the past—and we like to think that we dealt with slavery, segrega-tion, and racism long ago—this is not completely true. Officers have demonstrated unnecessary cruelty and unjustness against minorities, showing—and spur-ring people to voice—the con-tinuing issue of racism in our country.

For example, on August, 5, 2014, two policemen shot and killed a black man named John Crawford in an Ohio Walmart. A 911 caller had reported that Crawford, 22, was pointing a BB gun—taken from a store shelf—at children.

While the caller claimed that Crawford was pointing the gun at children, and although po-lice maintained that they gave

Maxime moved from Haiti to the Unites States to give his family better lives.

By AdirA Wolfson ‘18 Walking down the hall-

ways at Maimonides School, you see open lockers—one af-ter the next. As you continue walking, you notice phones and iPods left charging in ev-ery outlet on the walls. Back-packs are sprawled across the floor—wide open—with laptops peeking out of them. You might wonder: How are these students comfortable keeping valuable items left alone and in the open?

What makes the Mai-monides community so spe-cial is that there is a certainty of security. Maimo nurtures a value that some other schools may not: trust. Many students shared this attitude.

One student said, “I’m never worried about leaving my locker open in the halls

because there is just a huge trust circle throughout the whole school. I feel like I am always in a safe environ-ment.”

Ms. Zygadlo, the school’s librarian, added, “It’s really nice to have this closeness and feeling of trust within the school community, but when you go off to more public places, like college, there won’t be that trust that we have, and you have to be aware of that.

Some students said they simply saw no reason for anyone to steal.

“I’m not scared anyone will take my iPhone because what are they supposed to do with a locked phone? They wouldn’t get away with it anyway,” said freshman Dina Francus.

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f():(-#$aURUJune 2010

The Spectrum Staff

Editors-in-Chief: Davey Schoenberg ’15 and Chaiel

Schaffel ’15Assistant Editor-in-Chief:

Aviva Rosen ’16

Chief Copy Editor: Caleb Jacoby ’15

Assistant Copy Editor: Daniel Smits ’16

Chief Layout Editor: Sarah Pomeranz ’15

Layout Editor: Michael Gerber ’17

Opinion Editor: Hannah Stanhill ’15

Arts & Entertainment Editor: Moshe Saltzman ’16

HaMedina Editor:David Kotler ’17

School Editor: Aleeza Schoenberg ’17

Technology Overseer: Ethan Frankel ’17Design Manager:

Michael Gerber ’17Photography Editor:

Shoshana Ehrenkranz ’16Distribution Manager:

Jacob Fine ’15

Staff Writers:Eliana Abraham, Debbie-Lee Baskir,

Arthur Bloomfield, Sarah Cohen, Shoshana Ehrenkranz, Michael

Gerber, Charlotte Guedalia, Akiva Jacobs, Yardaena Portman, Aviva

Rosen, Chaiel Schaffel, Adira Smirnov, Daniel Smits, Aleeza

Solomont, Senai Weglein, Adira Wolfson

Columnists:Moshe Forman ’15, Sarah Pomeranz ’15

Akiva Jacobs ’17

Faculty Adviser: Ms. Wright

Finance Manager: Mr. Rosenberg

Spectrum Staff Member of the Month: Charlotte Guedalia ’16

Advertisements: Please contact the editors at

[email protected], published monthly during the school

year, is the official student newspaper of Maimonides School.

To contribute to Spectrum, speak to the Editors-in-Chief. You may send letters to the editors by

email at Spectrumstaff@ gmail.com. Spectrum can also be found on the Internet at

http://maimospectrum.com

Photo Credits:

Pay attention to the elderly: Photolibrary

Adopt a Bubbe- Adopt a bubbe fb page

Police Brutality- http://tftppull.freethoughtllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/

Canada’s Industrial Pollution - http://gal10.piclab.us/key/canada%20water%20pollution

21 Pilots the New Vessel- http://www.mtv.co.uk/twenty-one-pilots/news/mtv-premieres-twenty-one-pilots-migraine-video?xrs=share_copy_email

Royksopp The Inevitable End- whonosmusic.com

Foxcatcher - sony pictures classics

Francois - taken by Maxime family

Mr. Smith- taken by Smith family

Davening- ou.org

Har Nof- theyeshivaworld.com

Too Much Technology- vadamagazine.com

Letter from the EditorsTo our dear Spectrum readers,Happy New Year! It’s finally

2015! Are you still writing 2014 on the top of all of your papers and having to scratch it out re-peatedly? We know we are. Ev-ery. Single. Time.

Besides for that, 2015 is off to a great start. The seniors have all caught senioritis since finish-ing their last Wednesday—no more work to be done in high school! The juniors have found hope in the fact that the school year is halfway over and they only have to suffer through one more semester of death. As for the underclassmen, well, unfor-tunately, there really isn’t any-thing to look forward to. You all

still have two or three years left of agony.

With the number of enthralling articles in this year’s first issue of Spectrum, everyone is sure to be impressed. For School, we have two articles about a couple of im-portant and influential Maimonides staff members: Mr. Smith and Francois. In HaMedina, Michael Gerber discusses how relatives of the Har Nof attackers have lost benefits, and in Arts & Entertain-ment Akiva Jacobs is back with another phenomenal album review. Lastly, in one of our great Opinion articles this month, Adira Smirnov shares her views on the drawbacks of technology.

But wait, there’s more! We have

for you, this month only, an insight into the top-secret, high-end lives of your Spectrum editors! Our very own Chaiel Schaffel has written an article about the recent Spectrum Chanukah party. So, if you’ve ever wondered what your editors are re-ally like not on paper, be sure to check that out.

As you’re reading this month’s Spectrum, we hope you find some-thing close to your heart to read, absorb, and discuss. Maybe you’ll even be inspired to write next month!

Your jovial Editors-in-Chief, Davey, Chaiel, Aviva

January 2015/ Tevet 5775

Letters to the Editors Dear Editors,We have noticed a disturbing trend

this year in your paper. Several ar-ticles, including two in the most recent edition (which by the way was well rounded and impressive) have been published anonymously. These articles tend to be opinion pieces that are criti-cal of a new policy (e.g., “forcing kids to go to mincha”) or a procedure (e.g., the Thursday schedule change). While the topics you raise are certainly wor-thy of discussion between students and administrators, we believe that your readers deserve a paper that strives for a greater degree of professionalism—one that matches the general overall quality of your publication.

Specifically, if the stances your opinion writers take are important, then they deserve having the authors’ names standing behind them. Other-wise, readers suspect the paper’s mo-tivations as exploiting the privilege of a school publication to air grievances gratuitously—which in turn are hard for administrators and faculty to take as seriously.

We believe that if people - whether students or faculty or administrators - put their name behind a criticism, an argument, and a proposal in the best interest of the school, they are more likely to pose their thinking in a more well-developed and inviting/persua-sive way. Rather than hiding behind

opinions buttressed by anecdotal hear-say, we believe your readers will be bet-ter swayed by well-researched articles that include the thoughts of decision-makers on the faculty and of student leaders in your student government. We call on the student body to demand a higher level of journalistic excellence from this publication.

As we think to recent history and some potentially edgy articles in the newspaper, we recall that the students that openly stood behind their opinions were able to work together with admin-istration and other community leaders to have their voices heard in a way that truly mattered and effected positive out-comes.

When Chaiel Schaffel wrote about davening being optional (two years ago), he had an opportunity to be a true leader on the issue of making tefilah important. Partially based on his transparent and constructive spirit, we moved the tefilah curriculum review up one year and have started a serious process of rethinking how to do tefilah.

Based on Davey Schoenberg’s ex-cellent piece on the morning break, we were able to engage in direct dialogue with him in a way that changed the schedule to benefit students. Just imag-ine if instead of that well-researched and thorough piece, Davey had written an anonymous opinion article that said, “I hate that morning break is too short. The

administration hates kids and this school is dumb.” While this overly reductive and exaggerated phrasing is meant to il-lustrate a point, the spirit of it captures nonetheless the nature of anonymous pieces. Nothing would have changed and no one would remember that article two years later. Anonymous articles leave no one as the spokesperson for the issue and no one with whom teachers and admin-istrators may follow up.

Editors, we beseech you not to de-volve this potentially great paper into a “cable news style” tabloid where color-ful and loud (but ultimately vacuous and nameless) opinions are the only voices heard. We think your constituent base deserve better than that. We think that this paper should be the vehicle through which meaningful and important con-versations are started.

We believe that student voice is a crit-ically important part of our school! We believe that this paper must be part of making that voice heard and shaping the conversations we are having. We believe our students deserve a paper that strives for a higher standard of journalistic ex-cellence. For these reasons and more, we sincerely hope that you will change your policy of allowing articles to be pub-lished anonymously.

Rabbi Mordechai Soskil,Judaic Studies PrincipalScott Mattoon,General Studies Principal

World News

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d/1E/'8(),`,June 2010 Page 3

Opinion

Wanting to Daven


The Issue of Late Dismissals

By yArdAEnA PortmAn ‘18There are many problems with

school ending late, the biggest one being lack of sleep. After that comes having too much work to do in a shortened time. Next on the list is not having enough time for work because of extracurricu-lar activities, or more commonly, not having enough time for ex-tra-curriculars because of work. There is also the problem of being dismissed after dark in the winter. All of these problems are caused by the late dismissal.

The key problem with the long Maimonides school-day is that there is not enough time for work and therefore not enough time for sleep either. Admittedly, there could be another reason for most Maimo students’ lack of sleep: Seasonal Affective Dis-order. According to mayoclinic.org, the aptly-named seasonal ef-fect makes you have less energy and more moody. The disorder, however, is relatively uncommon and is likely only present in a mi-nority of Maimonides students. Although this is a very interest-ing subject, I would like to focus more on the other effects of late dismissal.

I have little to no daylight time for exercising in the winter. When I get home, it would be nice to have even ten minutes to go out-

side and have fun. But even be-fore I am done with my day, the sun has long since set. When I get home, the only thing I can do is homework. There should be more time to have a break, and actually see the sun outside of school once in a while.

The next problem is that dark-ness makes students tired. The more tired you are, the less driven you are to work, making you go at a slower pace and end up get-ting to sleep later than you should have. Sunlight is a master moti-vator. Once the sun has set, our bodies are naturally attuned to the change in light, and they then keep urging us to fall asleep as the night wears on.

Another thing that keeps stu-dents up late is stress. Going to school for almost ten hours and having to continue doing work, while at the same time studying for up to three tests at a time, can distract you from much needed sleep.

After a few hours, looking at the same school walls can get boring, and make you feel like you practically live at school. For all intents and purposes, you ac-tually do. We spend the majority of our waking lives walking the same 4 hallways, sitting in the same 33 classrooms, and talking to the same 350 people. This is

Spending Time With Seniors

By dEBBiE-lEE BAskir ‘15It is a lazy Sunday morning around

11:00 AM. You lie in your bed and close your eyes as you dream of fresh cinnamon buns drizzled with a light sugar icing, coupled with a steaming cup of hot chocolate.

Now add this to the equation: you have a late stage of Alzheimer’s dis-ease and therefore cannot communi-cate to anyone that you would like

these delicacies for breakfast. After all, you cannot possibly have either the strength or the agility to get out of bed yourself to make it. You re-member the wonderful memories you have of eating this breakfast as you imagine your childhood self running downstairs, rushing to eat breakfast with your parents. If only times were better, you could do so

much more with your life instead of wallowing away on your bed.

This is the unfortunate reality of too many older adults in America.

Now picture the following. After a difficult day, you are understand-ably excited to sit down for dinner. You treasure this time, since it is a time for you to simply relax with your friends as you unwind from the chaos of the day. Just as you head

for the elevator to take you to your dining hall, though, you remember that your group of friends went to see their children for the weekend. You have been left alone at the nurs-ing home.

This is where Maimo’s best new club, Adopt a Bubbe, comes in. Adopt a Bubbe is a monthly club, meeting for one hour after school on early dismissal days. As the club founder and leader, it is my job to lead the delegation to the Communi-ty Centers of Brookline, a branch of Hebrew SeniorLife. We spend time with the senior citizens in their din-ing hall while they eat their dinners. This past month, we had six student participants, and we were each seat-ed at one of the tables where senior citizens would sit. Our job is to pro-vide some fresh, young company in these seniors’ lives.

I have been involved in intergen-erational work for quite some time, and I use my passion for intergen-erational work to make different dreams become realities. Adopt a Bubbe is a prime example of this. I had been planning the club since the early days of summer, emailing different nursing homes, trying to figure out the best way to recruit stu-dents, creating activity outlines, and much more. Though the planning of the club was quite an arduous jour-

ney, after our first session, I realized it was all worth it. Lauren Koralnik, a current 10th grader, remarked, “I was so happy I did Adopt a Bubbe! Making the elderly happy and bring-ing smiles to their faces made the run through the pouring rain worth it!”

Why am I so passionate about in-tergenerational work: what benefits does it have, and do the benefits

By Anonymous In the last Spectrum issue, an

anonymous writer published an article about letting students form their own opinions. There was one section of the article about forced davening that really struck

me, and I wanted to share my opinion on it as well.

The problem with this topic is how to approach it without sounding rude. Therefore, I will explain myself with a question. What is the correct way to show displeasure with a rule or statute? Should someone throw a fit and refuse to obey, leading to severe consequences? To tell you the truth, it is hard to find the right way to deal with this situation. One can either react with forceful measures, and try to change the rule, or sit there passively, waiting to beat their own mind into submission with the acceptance of a rule that the person cannot stand. So how should one really go about dealing with these

Continued on page 11


Editors’ note: Opinions ex-pressed in these articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the beliefs of Spectrum or the editing staff.


“Senior citizens have rich histories, funny stories, and interesting comments to add to any conversation, and all we need is a little push in order to gain the confidence to listen to them.”

Senior Citizens Bring Storied Perspective, New Understanding to Teens

“By letting the stu-dents form their own connections and re-lationships, they will create a better bond with God and feel compelled to daven out of their own free will.”

Forcing Students into Davening Will Not Yield Good Results

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By AdirA smirnov ‘18Young children are becoming

increasingly obsessed with technology. Wherever I go, I see children, some of them not even old enough to read, playing on iPads or smartphones. When their parents tell them to stop, they begin to cry, and their parents let them continue playing on the electronic devices. When I was five, I would spend my free time running around outside or playing with friends.

Now, many children sit on a couch with their friends, watching TV. Technology gives kids the ability to communicate with friends far away, but it ends up isolating them from family and friends nearby.

At an elementary school, children were asked what their wish for the new year was. Some replied peace, some said friends, but one child said that his or her wish was to get an iPad. I thought this was shocking. That was all the child could think

of? All that kid wanted for the year was a device to play games on?

Schools are using technology much more now. Some schools have bought iPads for children as young as five years old. Maybe it makes it easier for them to learn math or English, but is it really necessary? Online games cannot give children the attention they need to succeed. It can teach them, but it cannot give them feedback specifically tailored to their individual needs.

Technology is becoming a major part of children’s lives. It is not bad in and of itself, but when it is used so consistently that all other activities are excluded, it becomes something negative. If kids do not play games face-to-face with their family or friends, only over screens, they do not form a connection with those people. When you play a board game, you can talk to your opponents and form a bond with them. When you play over a screen

By EliAnA ABrAhAm ‘18We live in a world in transfor-

mation.These transformations can be natural, but more often than not, humans spur the changes. Though our ecosystem here on earth might seem mundane and is easy to take for granted, it is every bit a resource as a barrel of oil or a vein of coal.

According to current research, the water of many Canadian lakes has transformed into a jelly-like substance. Industries near the lakes have been depositing acid into the water, causing this change. In addition, the lakes also suffer from acid rain. The acid has made the calcium level of the lakes decrease immensely, and that loss of calcium has affected the plankton in the lakes that need calcium to survive.

To understand what the full impact of this is, we have to understand two specific types of competing organisms: Daphniids and Holopedium. Daphniids have exoskeletons that need a lot of

calcium to protect them from their predators. On the other hand, Holopedium do not even have exoskeletons: they are surrounded by a jelly capsule and only need a tenth of the calcium that the Daphniids need. In the lakes, therefore, the Holopediums are overwhelming the Daphniids.

These jelly lakes will disrupt the food chain, and will impact the residents of Canada, who use these lakes for twenty percent of their drinking water.

Additionally, the world’s increasing human population demands an expansion of our industries, and this influences our ecosystem. Last year, it took me fifty minutes to get to Maimonides from Stoughton. This year, however, the car ride has been extended to an hour and ten minutes because there are more commuters on the road.

Many people are inattentive to the decay of our ecosystem, but what our world needs now more

than ever is attention. The damaged bodies of water are only the first step in completely demolishing our ecosystem as we know it. World governments have begun to “control” pollution, but now realize that there were consequences to their previous rash actions. The scientists who worked on this research believe that it will take thousands of years to get the lakes calcium level back to normal.

The expectations we have for our government are higher than it deserves. The pollution problem has been around since the 1850’s and began escalating from the 1980’s onward. Whenever a new complication in our world occurs, we act as if it has never been seen before. Our government has a chance to fix the problem, but the government did nothing in the past, and it will most likely do nothing now. Furthermore, the pollution that humans are creating speeds up the process of a declining ecosystem.

Many of these problems do not have a good solution.

Our government puts across the message that there are always “more important” situations to handle, but our water and ecosystem are essential to our daily lives. Canada’s jelly lakes are only the beginning of the problem. The trouble is that industries are also critical to our survival, but the pollution they are creating is destroying the air we breathe and the water we drink. In the past, engineering projects have helped solve environmental concerns in a changing ecosystem. This time, however, we might not be able to adapt as efficiently. It is crucial that the environment be moved to the top of the agenda, for us, our livelihood, and our future.

Editors’ note: Information for this article was taken from phys.org, upi.com, and gizmodo.com.

Recognizing the Value of Off-Screen Time for Children

Pollution Problems

OpinionEditors’ note: Opinions expressed in these articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the beliefs of Spectrum or the editing staff.



World News

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d/1E/'8(),`,June 2010 Page 5

What is Behind the Recent Cases of Police Brutality Against Blacks?

Crawford the opportunity to drop his gun, video surveillance footage from the incident shows clearly that there was no one near Crawford and that the police gave him no warning before opening fire. This is just one of the many recent cases of police brutality against black men who showed no signs of violence or in-tent of violence. More simply put: this is racism.

Similarly, on July 17, 2014, a New York police officer put a chokehold on Eric Garner, who was black, and killed him.

When arrested, Garner was un-armed and was claimed he was in-nocent. Before being attacked, Gar-ner was heard saying, “I didn’t do nothing. Every time you see me, you want to harass me, you want to stop me.” This is not to say that Garner was completely innocent—he may have been selling illegal cigarettes—but that is not the is-sue. The issue is that his death was unnecessary. A cell phone video shows that he kept repeating the words, “I can’t breathe,” which to most people would have been a sign to ease up. Unfortunately for Gar-ner, the police officers arresting him were not so kind.

Garner’s death spurred protests all over the country because this, to so many, was an act of racism. If Eric Garner had not been black, then maybe his life would have been spared.

The second viewpoint—a side that the media do not always cov-er—is the side of the police. The police do what they need to do to protect American citizens: it is their job. Sometimes, they may go too far in the heat of the moment, but that does not mean that the police-men are racist. It just means that they made a mistake on the job or overreacted. Another important point to consider is that the people the news portrays as victims are not entirely innocent citizens suffering at the hands of brutal and insane cops. These people were generally committing crimes.

In January of this year, McKen-zie Cochran, wearing a large puffy coat, walked into a diamond store in a mall in Los Angeles and said he wanted to hurt somebody. When security guards approached him and asked that he leave, he began to turn away and tried to evade them.

The guards then pinned him to the ground and waited for backup. While waiting, they accidentally suffocated Cochran.

Although this was clearly a case of improper training on the part of the police, they did not do any-thing short of protocol. When a man threatens to kill like that—and it is unclear whether or not he is carry-ing a deadly weapon—he cannot just be allowed to get away. The

security guards’ behavior does not seem to be any act of racism or even cop brutality. These men were just doing their job, even if it did get out of hand.

We cannot, however, learn the whole truth from the news. The public loves drama, and news sta-tions feed off of that. Therefore, news stations rarely focus on the good work of police officers, and even when they do, it is often be-cause the crimes committed are so intense.

With that in mind, the Crimi-nal Justice Policy Review’s 2012

study becomes relevant. The study found two things: only a few spe-cific police officers cause excessive force incidents, and more experi-

enced officers are less likely to use force. The first finding proves that racist behavior is not embedded in the system. There are a few officers who cause excessive force issues and of those few, only a frac-tion do so because of racism. The second finding suggests that those who use excessive force do so not because of

prejudiced motives, but because of their lack of experience and fear in tough moments on the scene.

Given these two points of view, there are cases that could go either way. One example is the shooting in Ferguson, Missouri. Ferguson could be seen as an incident involv-

ing racism, there is no doubt: Mi-chael Brown was unarmed, he was a teenager, and he did not need to be killed. The police could have pursued him without shooting. His death was unnecessary. He died be-cause he was black. If Brown had been white, and if Darren Wilson, the police officer, had not been rac-ist, perhaps an innocent life would have been saved.

These ideas are all nice, and in an ideal situation, Brown would not have been killed, but it is impor-tant to note that he was not entirely innocent. Brown had just robbed

a convenience store when the po-liceman came after him. Brown did not stop when he was asked to move to the sidewalk; he started to run away. Wilson was doing his job when he pursued Brown. While there is no proof either way whether or not Wilson’s pursuit had underly-ing racist motives, this pursuit was normal behavior for a policeman. Had this been a white man run-ning away from Wilson, there is no way to guarantee Wilson’s behavior would have been any different. It is difficult to tell whether Ferguson was an act of racism or not.

We put both of these ideas in this article not just to express our opin-ions, but also to build a more com-plete picture of the dynamics that exist in our criminal justice system. It is quite possible that neither of us are exactly right in our ideas. It

could be that the situation is actual-ly a combination of distrust in both directions—from cops to citizens of minority descent and vice versa. At the end of the day, it is up to each of us to develop our own perspectives. We hope this article has helped you think through a few possibilities.

Editors’ note: Information for this article was taken from the websites of the New York Times, the Wash-ington Post, New York Daily News, and NBC, freep.com, and journalis-tresource.org.

Opinion

Continued from page 1

Editors’ note: Opinions ex-pressed in these articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the beliefs of Spectrum or the editing staff.

Two Ways to Understand Recent Events

“It could be that the situ-ation is actually a combi-nation of distrust in both directions—from cops to citizens of minority de-scent and vice versa.”

Protestors like these children have started to call attention to the recent clashes between police and inner-city minorities.


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The Illustrious Spectrum Chanukah PartyBy sArAh cohEn ‘18

On Sunday, December 21, Maimonides hosted its annual Chanukah banquet. Student council presidents, seniors Ilana Michaelson and Alon Kosowsky-Sachs, chose this year’s theme: New Orleans Jazz.

While the decorations were beautiful, many people took for granted how much time and effort was put into them. Student volunteers were at school from as early 9:30 in the morning until the end of the banquet making sure that the event and the decorations were under control.

Students dedicated the morning to painting, hanging decorations, and setting up the tables in the lunchroom.

Junior Charlotte Guedalia led the creation of decorations. She rallied many people to help out and directed them, while simultaneously managing play practice.

Lining the walls of the gym hallway were brick wall banners, complete with actual graffiti. In the upperclassmen hallway, lockers were covered with posters that made guests feel they were really in

New Orleans. To add to the effect, tables in the hallways were covered in purple, green, and gold and set with shiny masks and beaded necklaces.

Amy Rosen, a member of Maimo’s Student Life Department, also played a significant part in these preparations. She helped make sure that those who set up had everything needed to decorate; she even went, on the morning of the banquet, to pick up spray paint for them.

Charlotte Guedalia explained how grueling and time-consuming the decorating work was. All of the hard work paid off as, in the end, the building looked superb. This did not go unnoticed during the banquet: time not spent eating and dancing was spent marveling over the fantastic decorations.

During the banquet, guests davened mincha and lit the chanukiya. Then the Maimonides boys’ choir, Kol Dodi Dofek, performed two songs for the school.

Students ate a delicious dairy meal, courtesy of Catering by Andrew: chanukah latkes with applesauce, lasagna, caesar salad,

SchoolChanukah Banquet

By chAiEl schAffEl ‘15The classroom around me filled

with hoots of derisive laughter. “A Spectrum Chanukah party? I’m sure that’ll be fun,” they howled, sarcasm undisguised. But I knew better than to trust the critics. In life, your situation is what you make it, and we were going to make it fun.

Planning for the illustrious Spectrum party began months in advance. The Editors-in-Chief (Davey, myself, and Aviva,) wanted to make the party for our editors not only fun, but also memorable. Thanks to a herculean effort by the party planning committee (read: Editors-in-Chiefs), the Grand Spectrum Chanukah Party of 2014 fell into place.

After much planning, the weekend of the party finally rolled around. The party was held at the Schoenberg residence, on December 20, the 5th night of Chanukah. As we walked into the party, a food-laden table greeted us, filled with every possible delight. There were soda, latkes, tater-tots, vegetables, and candy of all sorts.

Davey departed to set up some surprise activities as guests began to arrive.

When the guests had all assembled, the talk flowed easily. Excited laughter bounced off of the walls, and settled in the floorboards. Everyone mingled, content, happy, and with no place to be. That is, until the activities started up and the excitement began.

The first activity planned for the evening was a secret, Spectrum themed, “Pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey” variant. The activity involved blindfolding the assembled staff members, spinning them until sufficiently dizzy, and cackling like madmen as we pointed them in the wrong direction. The order was picked by the arrangement of the staff list on page two of every Spectrum edition, so the more senior members of the staff had quite a bit of fun at the others’ expense. Especially notable was Editor-in-Chief Davey Schoenberg’s ecstatic glee at being able to spin School News editor Aleeza Schoenberg. “It was really




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d/1E/'8(),`,June 2010 Page 7

A Patient Man

Gordon College. Nigesca, 17, was recently accepted to Gordon College, as well. Dervanah is 13 and in eighth grade. Finally, Josiah, the newest edition to the family, is nineteen months.

Maxime loves his family. He is also a devout Christian: he and his family attend Church in Brockton every Sunday. They are highly involved with their church, since it has become significant in the family’s life.

Farnel Maxime will soon travel to Haiti, working with a Christian community development organization to help rebuild the country. Francois Maxime says that he and his wife “are very proud of his many accomplishments and the endeavors he is about to take to learn more about our culture and to help others. On behalf of Farnel and my family, we would like to thank everyone who has donated to him.”

Maxime’s perseverance led him to the welcoming Maimonides community, which has cherished

him since he began working at Maimonides. Maxime told Spectrum, “The Maimonides community has become a part of my family.” He has absorbed the Jewish life around him and loves being part of the many simchas around school.

When asked about the environment at Maimo, Maxime mentioned that everyone is kind and the school is filled with “faculty and parents who care and students who are hardworking.”

Maxime remembered Haiti’s destructive earthquake several years ago and recognizes the support and selfless acts of the Maimonides community, such as donating clothes and gathering donations for the relief fund.

In another story he recalled, Maxime once found a gift in his office with no way to identify who gave it. Only his name was written on it. Even now, he wants to thank the anonymous person, not mainly because of the present, but rather because the “person was thinking

about” him and because of the kind gesture.

When asked for any last thoughts he would like to relay to Spectrum, Maxime wrote, “The positive energy that the Maimonides community has shown to others and myself has made a difference in my life. The students and staff are well-respected people who I cannot thank enough. I am truly grateful to be a part of your family and cannot wait for the many more years with you all. To all students, friends, faculty members, administrators, and parents from 1989 to now, I want to say shalom to you and your family. God bless and happy holidays!”

Maxime said about Maimonides, “When I come here, I’m always happy.”

Author’s note: I would like to express a huge thank you to Francois and his children, Nigesca and Farnel, for writing down necessary information for this article.

Literal Openness

School

Emma Gelb ’17 said, “I’m com-fortable leaving anything besides food because I think everyone has devices, so no one cares to take someone else’s device.”

A few years ago, some belong-ings were stolen, but the thief was soon caught. This rare event was discussed at length by the commu-nity; after a little while, however, students returned to their routine of leaving valuables anywhere that is convenient.

“I think the incident was just an anomaly, and it was so shocking that it made our trust circle even stronger,” commented a student.

Administrators at the school have also noticed the assurance of trust among students.

Middle and Upper School Limu-dei Kodesh Principal Rabbi Soskil remarked, “I think it’s great that kids really trust each other. It’s one of the best parts of feeling like one big family.”

“Although, truth be told,” he added, “I wouldn’t mind if people were a little bit more careful about keeping their stuff neat and stowed away.”

“Lockers have always been open at Maimo, at least since I was a stu-dent in the seventies,” said Head of School Naty Katz ’73. “The atmo-sphere in our hallways feels more like a family room than a formal school hallway. When students go to school together since kindergar-ten, in a school that places para-mount value on midot and men-schlichkeit, they build trust and powerful bonds of friendship with their schoolmates that feel a lot like family … They feel totally at home in our school. Would you lock up your phone at home?”

While Maimonides School has such a wonderful assurance and trust circle, students acknowledge that as they move forward, they will not always be in a community con-taining exceptional trust. They ac-cept that they will have to learn to balance being confident and being carefree.

Continued from page 1Continued from page 1

Interview with Mr. Smith from the Learning Center

By AlEEzA solomont ‘17Mr. Smith, who works in the

high school Learning Center at Maimonides, answered some questions about his time at the school, as well as questions about his life outside Maimo.

How long have you been teaching at Maimonides?

Since the fall of 2001. Definitely the most enjoyable and fulfilling years of my career.

Is it true that you were a teacher before you worked in the Learning Center? What do you like better and why?

Not quite. It’s true I taught a few math classes here and at Brookline High School, and the experience has been valuable; it certainly deepened my respect for classroom teachers because of the broad array of skills and demands involved, and I’m thankful for the relationships formed with students.

But my primary responsibility

all along has been to help staff learning centers. Working with kids individually or in small groups alongside some wonderful teammates seems an ideal fit for me.

What college did you go to? Is it true you played basketball there?

I followed my esteemed sister to Barrington College in Rhode Island and indeed played basketball, as well as baseball, there.

What position did you play?I was a shooting guard. In

baseball I was mostly a catcher but also played shortstop one season.

What was your favorite

experience being on a college basketball team?

You form special bonds with teammates and coaches through all the traveling and intense practices and games, and those relationships are what stick with you the most.

One of the great joys since those days has been the opportunity to connect with kids through basketball, especially here at Maimonides. Being invited at my age to play pickup in [the] Fox Gym with students and recent alumni is a testament to the generous and thoughtful MCAT spirit, and it has led to a much appreciated

way of staying in touch with some amazing young people.

Is it true that you learn Gemara in your free time? Why do you like doing this?

I was a chemistry major in college, but my favorite classes were actually in religion … I decided to pursue graduate work in Hebrew


Francois Maxime, Who Has Worked as a Custodian at Maimonides for Twenty-Five Years, Loves His Family and Maimonides.


“Lockers have always been open at Maimo, at least since I was a student in the seventies.” –Naty Katz, Head of School

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Arts & Entertainmentdance tracks on it, it is not solely made up of driving bass, pierc-ing synth, and hacksaw. Röyksopp takes the medium of electronic mu-sic and applies it not only to dance music, its most common use, but also to emotional electronic ballads.

The reason why I say electronic ballads and not just ballads is that in the past couple of years there has been a new type of song cre-ated which is a mixture of a bal-lad, ambience, and serious elec-tronic production. These types of songs are repetitive, but not in the

tedious way of many songs nowa-days. Rather, they are repetitive in a meditative, beautiful, and contem-plative way. Röyksopp is one of the best bands at producing this type of song in such an original and incred-ible style.

It is common among recent mu-sic, especially electronic based mu-sic, to have mediocre and irrelevant lyrics. The Inevitable End, howev-er, has lyrics that are beautiful and poetic. This would be praiseworthy alone—outside of the music that plays behind them—but it is even

better because the words are com-pletely parallel and complementary to the songs they are in. The lyrics are not there because the musicians wanted a vocalist and the vocalist needed words to sing, but are there because they are a necessary ac-companiment to the music.

Another value I found in the lyr-ics and in the vocals in general was that they were not overused. Since Röyksopp is an “electronic duo,” they are not bound by the con-straints and necessity of a lead vo-calist. They have vocalists—consis-

tently excellent singers who are not members of the band—only when necessary.

The Inevitable End coming out gave me hope. Albums like this show that music can and will get better and more innovative in the near future. This album was a joy to listen to. Unlike with most other albums, in this one, whether you are a music snob or could not care less about what you are listening to, you will enjoy and appreciate this album.

Röyksopp’s New Album Shows Hope for Music of the FutureContinued from page 1

Twenty One Pilots Powerful and Groundbreaking

Foxcatcher Both Frighten-ing and Brilliant

By dAniEl smits ‘16Twenty One Pilots is best de-

scribed as a combination of The Beatles and Macklemore. It is not very often that a band whose genre is almost indescribable builds a large cult following with so little studio material.

Twenty One Pilots identifies it-self as a piano-driven, schizoid pop duo, but anyone who has lis-tened to them knows that they are

much more than that. They blend rap delivery, hip-hop beats, piano accompaniment, screams, grunts, falsetto voices, heavy drums, and genuine lyrics into an ineffable al-bum called Vessel. The band, con-sisting of singer Tyler Joseph and

drummer Josh Dun, is able to blend a massive variety of sounds into a single, cohesive EP. Although this is not their first official release, it is their debut studio album with their record label, Fueled by Ramen. Vessel has a flow and non-stop rhythm unlike any of their other work.

One of the key differences be-tween Vessel and Twenty One Pi-lots’s old albums is that there are

smooth transitions between songs. The tracks are well organized and individually catchy making this the kind of album whose songs will get stuck in your head. The album slows down at the best moments, using its slower songs to empha-

By Arthur BloomfiEld ‘17Foxcatcher is one of the best,

and most frightening, films of the year. Directed by Bennett Miller and written by Dan Futterman and E. Max Frye, the film is about Olympic gold med-al wrestler Mark Schultz, played by Channing Tatum, who has been liv-ing in his brother’s shadow for years. When he gets a call from wrestling team owner John du Pont, played by Steve Carell, asking for help training du Pont’s team for the Olympics, Mark ac-cepts. At first, Mark is very fond of John, but John—a paranoid schizophrenic—feels threatened by Mark and they have a falling out. John then tries to get Dave, Mark’s brother, to coach his team.

As the film progresses, there is a subtle shift in the film’s focus on its characters. After Mark and John become estranged, it is clear that John is the main character and that the story is from his point of view.

John becomes paranoid and his emotions slowly start to take hold of him. His mother is not proud of his work in wrestling and does not seem to love him, so John begins to feel incompetent. John starts to feel jealous of Dave and feels the need to take action. Fearing rejec-tion, he, dangerously and unsta-bly, tries as hard as he can to force Mark to stay with him and coach his team.

This film soars because of its

great script, brilliant direction, and fantastic acting. Steve Carell and Mark Ruffalo are superb, and Channing Tatum is, surprisingly, not bad. Despite their fame, Mark Ruffalo and Steve Carell’s star

power does not take away from the movie. Between their exten-sive makeup and their great act-ing, they do not suck you out of the film. They suck you in and fool you into thinking that the charac-ters are real.

Jealousy is one of the most dan-gerous emotions that all humans have to overcome. It can drive us to do things that we would not nor-mally do, changing us and turning us into different people. John du Pont is one of the victims of this emotion: he does not realize that you should not be jealous of your colleagues.

Most horror films today try to scare the audience by showing them daunting ghosts and creepy murderers. Foxcatcher, on the oth-er hand, scares its audience with their own emotions.

Editors’ note: Information for this article was taken from robert-bert.com.Continued on page 10


Powerful lyrics and a unique genre contribute to Vessel’s success.

Foxcatcher tells the story of two wrestling protegees and their horrific interaction with a dangerous coach.

World News

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d/1E/'8(),`,June 2010 Page 9

A Message to My Family in IsraelBy sEnAi WEGlEin ’18

Dear Israelis,The past few months in Israel

have been traumatizing for me and, I assume, even more so for you. I often feel guilty living in America. Why am I living a safe, comfortable life when, halfway around the world, my cousins are under constant threat? All Jews are a family, and I want to be with my family during bad times. Even if I can’t be in Israel, I will do as much as I can to support my family from America.

During a war, or during any scary, unfamiliar situation, it may feel as though the world has turned against you. It may feel as if you are alone. But you are not alone, and you never will be.

This summer, when three boys were kidnapped and eventually found dead, I, as part of the Jewish nation, found myself at a crossroads. Do I mourn as an individual or as part of a nation? I chose the latter and found my place in the Jewish

nation. As Rachelle Fraenkel, mother of Naftali Fraenkel, one of the slain boys, said, “We went out searching for the boys, and we discovered ourselves.”

This idea of a Jewish nation coming together has brought comfort to me during difficult times in Israel, and I hope that it brings the same to you. This summer, during the rocket attacks, Jews all over the world gathered in support of Israel. At a rally I attended in New York, ten thousand people crowded into the tight plaza in front of the United Nations. Ten thousand people came together to support Israel. Ten thousand people came together to support all of the Jewish people—from the American Haredi man standing next them to the family crouched in their bomb shelter in Ashkelon, thousands of miles away.

In Paris in 1860, Adolphe Cremieux, a French statesman, founded an international Jewish organization “to work everywhere for the emancipation and moral

progress of the Jews; to offer effective assistance to Jews suffering from anti-semitism; and to encourage all publications calculated to promote this aim.” Jews have supported each other from near and far even before the state of Israel was founded. I have no intention of stopping.

It can be hard to be optimistic in dark times when there seems to be no light. Rest assured, someone will always be there for you.

Sincerely,Senai WegleinEditors’ note: Information

for this article was taken from jewishvirtuallibrary.org.

Israel Makes Controversial Decision About Family of Har Nof Terrorists

By michAEl GErBEr ‘17On November 19—the day after

an attack in a Har Nof synagogue killed four rabbis and a police of-ficer—the National Insurance In-stitute (NII) revoked the medical insurance of the terrorists’ children. Both terrorists, Ghassan and Uday Abu Jamal, were killed during the attack.

Ghassan Abu Jamal’s widow, Na-dia, had her residency revoked by

Minister Gilad Erdan. She had pre-viously been given residency on the basis of the “family reunification law,” which lets Palestinians have an Israeli residency permit.

She and her three children will be deported from Israel. Authorities, however, say that the health insur-ance coverage issue for the chil-dren has no relation whatsoever to the mother’s deportation. The three children, ages two, four, and six,

had lived in Israel their whole life so far. One of the children of Nadia Abu Jamal was not able to be treat-ed for a chronic condition because the child lacked insurance.

Hamoked, the Center for the De-fense of the Individual, is against the removal of Nadia Abu Jamal’s residency in Israel. Hamoked said that the NII refused to explain why they made their decision of strip-ping away their residency. Legally, there are no grounds of denying any children of the state of Israel health insurance, Hamoked claims.

“They are punishing little chil-dren for their father’s actions,” said the executive director of Hamoked, Dalia Kerstein. “This is vengeance for its own sake, with no legal basis. We as a society can’t conduct our-selves this way.”

The NII responded, “Nadia Abu Jamal’s children cannot be recog-nized as Israeli residents, since their father is no longer alive and their mother is not a resident.” NII also noted that Nadia Abu Jamal had the right to appeal the decision in labor court.

In further actions against the ter-rorists’ families, Israel ordered the demolition of both terrorists’ homes, both of which are located in

East Jerusalem.A video published on an Arab-Is-

raeli news site depicts the mother of Uday Abu Jamal’s mother praising Uday and Ghassan for their actions on the day of the attack.

“You have placed a crown [upon my head] and a star upon my shoul-ders, Ghassan and Uday, who car-ried out the operation; blessed be your hands and the tips of your fin-gers,” she said.

Editors’ note: Information for this article was taken from the website of Haaretz and timesofisrael.com.

HaMedinaA Letter by a Maimo Student Offers Hope and Comfort to Israel

Mother of Har Nof Terrorists Loses Residency, Children’s Medical Coverage Revoked

“They are punish-ing little children for their father’s ac-tions.” -Dalia Ker-stein, Executive Di-rector of Hamoked


With this letter, Weglein expresses her love for and offers her support to her fellow Jews in Israel.

Israelis mourn for the Jerusalem Synagogue Massacre victims.

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The Culinary Corner


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Spectrum Partyfun to make my sister so dizzy. I especially loved blocking her way so she couldn’t get to the poster,” he said.

The winner of said competition was up for debate, but we ended the activity dazed and ready for more.

After a short intermission with more talking and laughter, Davey led us outside to the porch for a surprise. Hanging in the middle of a small sukkah was our beloved Billy the Giraffe! Or, to be more precise, it was a long-necked pinata, covered with two pictures of our beloved Billy the Giraffe. And so, of course, our Billy was destined for a horrible and shocking fate. The first batter, Davey, swung mightily at Billy with the heavy end of a baseball bat, nearly decapitating him in one blow. After that, we decided to hit Billy with the lighter end. Our noble mascot stayed strong through multiple bashings, but was eventually obliterated by a particularly harsh hit from Daniel Smits. Glittering candy spilled from Billy’s carcass and cascaded onto the floor. We surrounded the loot like vultures and scooped it into bags provided by Davey.

The party culminated with an

exciting finale: a yankee swap. Every guest was instructed to bring a wrapped five-dollar gift with them. A yankee swap is a gift swap in which gifts are exchanged until a person declares that he or she is happy with the gift they are holding. The game began when we all were seated on couches in the Schoenberg livingroom. Immediately, the game was centered around competition for several key prizes. Among the high echelons were a battle-ready plastic ninja sword, a flashing fuzzy snowball, a box of chocolates, and, highest of them all, the coveted Chanukah moose. After a full half hour of raucous screaming, verbal abuse, physical violence, and death threats, all the people assembled had bargained their way to happiness.

Overall, the 2014 Spectrum Staff Chanukah Party was a smashing success. Spectrum tends to be regarded as a very compartmentalized paper, in which each person remains in contact only through a lifeless string of emails. The party proved that even though we do not talk much face to face, Spectrum staff can still get together and have fun.

The Importance of Intergenerational Work

outweigh the disadvantages? Af-ter all, between standardized tests from junior year and college appli-cations senior year, there are plenty of things to keep my mind occupied besides spending time with older adults.

The answer is that my own four grandparents live in South Africa, and since I am not able to spend time with my own grandparents, I continue to do intergenerational work in an attempt to make up for it. The older generation has incredible wisdom, lessons they have learned through positive and negative ex-periences. An older adult is almost

comparable to an old book—each has its own quirks, yet because it is such an incredible resource, it should be utilized. That is exactly how I perceive intergenerational work.

Senior citizens have rich histo-ries, funny stories, and interesting comments to add to any conversa-tion, and all we need is a little push in order to gain the confidence to listen to them. It is vital to keep these advantages in mind, but also to remember the great service you can do for senior citizens just by sit-ting down and listening.

Late Dismissals Cause Many Problems

the reality of life at Maimonides. Being in one place so much may make people dread going back ev-ery morning.

Even with limited frees, it would be better to be released at 4:45 on Tuesdays and Thursdays instead of having a school-wide free (x-block). Many find that it is impos-sible to get anything done during x-block anyway, since it is simply too loud and busy being surrounded by friends.

In the end, it all comes down to the fact that late dismissal truly is the most important issue that Mai-monides students face on a daily ba-sis. It leads to many problems, such as lack of sleep, too much work, or just not enough time for anything. An earlier dismissal would give everyone a break, a rest, and much more time to sleep.

Editors’ note: Information for this article was taken from mayoclinic.org.



size the band’s well crafted lyrics.Unlike other modern musicians,

Twenty One Pilots focused a siz-able amount of their efforts into the lyrical genius of each and ev-ery song. Each track has its own message, meaning, or story. This is the only rap group I know, besides for Macklemore and Ryan Lewis, with such well done and such pow-erful lyrics. Rather than money, drugs, and women, Twenty One Pilots’s songs, such as “Migraine,” “Holding on to You,” and “Ode to Sleep,” are about struggling with depression and suicidal thoughts. “House of Gold,” “Run and Go,” and “Screen” are all stories with powerful morals. Vessel is about the struggles found in everyday life and and is aimed at empow-ering the weak. Its lyrics are not delivered as sappy or melancholy, but rather as strong and clever. The lyrics are either sung, rapped, or screamed with the song, but flow perfectly with the music that they support. Their lyrics, however, are not simply words to accompany songs; they are poetry on their own. They are so important, in fact, that sometimes, their words—or po-etry—have to be rapped instead of sung in order to fit everything they

want to say into one song.Their lyrics written are a power-

ful, albeit small, part of what makes Twenty One Pilots so great. These lyrics are delivered over some of the strangest music combina-tions—including a box, a ukulele, a piano, a synth, drums, and vo-cals—to be released on an album. The sound can transition from Me-tallica to Vance Joy to Eminem in a second, without warning. It is a part of the charm, and allows Ves-sel to never have a boring moment. Not only is it constantly engaging, but it is catchy as well. Some of the songs can get stuck in the listeners head for days at a time, especially certain stanzas of Tyler Joseph’s poetry.

Overall, moving is the only word to describe Twenty One Pilots’s Vessel. Their music can appease many audiences, their sound is unique, and their lyrics are crafted into a fine poetry. Take my word for it, Twenty One Pilots’s Vessel is worth the listen, and could change the way you look at “pop” music. They have taken the concept of a modern sound, and blended it in such an uncommon fashion that it is hard to forget.

Vessel Has a New, Unforgettable Sound




World News

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d/1E/'8(),`,June 2010 Page 11

Solutions to the Problem of Forced

Daveningproblems?

There are many real problems with forced davening. Davening itself is something that will not change because it is required in Jewish halacha. Personally, as much as I want to follow halacha, davening has always been a struggle. I try to connect with Hashem, but it is very hard to do that when seconds before, a teacher was telling you to go into davening in a harsh and gruff way. It is very hard to form a forced connection.

Rabbi Ahron Solovetchik, brother of the Rav, came up with the theory of kibush and chazaka. The first time the Jewish people settled in Eretz Yisrael, they used a form of conquering called “Kibush.” To conquer a land using the method of Kibush is to completely take over, without any diplomacy. The other way of conquering land is called “chazaka.” Chazaka is when you form roots, relationships, and bonds with other people and take over in a more peaceful way.

Let us go back to forced davening and why a forced connection is not good. The way I see it, forced davening is an example of kibush. The teachers are not forming good relationships with students, and this cannot lead to a good end result. Yes, it helps the problem of attendance in davening, but it also means the addition of angry and rebellious students who do not have a good solution to their problem. Refusing to go to davening would be rude and disrespectful to the teachers who are asking students to go, and would only result in consequences.

I should not have to be afraid of

skipping davening because I am just not feeling it that day. Maybe I do not want to go because I feel like I am taking someone’s seat when that person could be making a connection to Hashem. Maybe I feel that if I go today, I will be a bad influence on others and disrupt their davening.

In the end, I have found that being forced into davening may be the reason students dislike davening so much. They feel herded. They feel insignificant. And they feel like they do not have a choice in the matter.

I believe that if the teachers took on more of a chazaka style, it would be much more successful. This would be accomplished by telling students that they have to daven not because it is part of both halacha and school rules, but because they should want to form a connection with Hashem. By letting the students form their own connections and relationships, they will create a better bond with God and feel compelled to daven out of their own free will.

Another possible solution could be that individual grades would be able to daven on their own. Maybe if the students heard their own peers leading davening, they would want to go to davening.

This is a problem that must be addressed. Students should want to go into davening, but it is very hard to create an environment in which students go to davening because they want to, not because they are forced to. I urge all students who have a possible solution to put your idea out there. You never know when your idea will be the one that is used.


Who is Mr. Smith?Bible—tanach—with the idea that I would become a professor in that area someday. Plans changed, and when I eventually arrived at Maimonides, I was still largely ignorant about the gemara and wanted to address that glaring shortcoming.

So I hired an upperclassman to tutor me in Talmud. He later attended university locally, so we were able to continue our studies a few extra years. I found the lessons both fascinating and humbling; I wasn’t nearly as adept with the material as I’d hoped. So I can appreciate how challenging it must be to prepare for Talmud tests. But it has been a privilege to enjoy this small taste of an incredibly rich tradition. I could also expound at length on my tutor, Ezra Waxman ’06, now a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics at Tel Aviv University. Suffice it to say that Ezra is one of the finest human beings I have ever met. I will always look back at all the hours I learned with him as a great honor.

What is your favorite part about working at Maimonides?

I’m one of those lucky people who love heading to work each morning and who leave the workplace each afternoon in a good mood. The combination of spending the day in the comfortable and inviting Esther M. Edelman Learning Center, occupying my mind with a variety of topics in math and science, and most of all working with such engaging, friendly, and appreciative students and colleagues is pretty tough to beat.

Did you always know you wanted to be a teacher?

My original motivation for studying chemistry was to prepare for medical school. Even when

I switched over to the teaching idea, I was thinking mainly about the post-secondary level. I never imagined I would spend most of my career in a high school Learning Center. But as my wise parents have always emphasized, one of the best gifts anyone can receive is to find a position that seems tailor-made for his or her personality and interests, and I very much consider myself blessed in that way.

What was the first Hebrew word you learned?

I’ll bet it was amen ! What a great ending. Maybe this should have been the last question.

What else do you want the students to know about you?

You probably shouldn’t ask me to chaperone any trips to Six Flags. Last time it happened, I was having such a good time trying out the roller coaster and other rides that I didn’t realize all the students and other chaperones were sitting in the vans waiting to leave and wondering where I was.

Also, I have a really impressive twin. I’m hoping to get him down here to visit the school sometime.

Many people have said you are a very devoted teacher and are able to help out no matter what. What do you want to say to them?

I’m grateful if that’s the perception, since it truly is a pleasure to help demystify some of those intimidating symbols, equations, terms, and diagrams one encounters in the math and science realms.

I have so much respect for Maimo students, since you all have to negotiate such a long day and a challenging dual curriculum. I hope I’ll always be thought of as someone approachable and eager to lend a hand.

with people in far away cities, states, or countries, you cannot get to know them.

I think a solution for this would be to promote family games. Not games where you chat with each other over text, but board games that prompt conversation. For example, a fun yet connecting game is Heads Up. Heads Up is a game played in person with other people in real time, but there is also a technology element involved. The aim of the game is for a player to hold up a screen against his or her forehead and try to guess what

is written on the screen, with the help of a partner. If more of this sort of game were made, it would influence children to play games in person with their friends and family.

I agree that technology can be useful, but do little kids really need constant access to anything and everything they could ever need? Our computers can teach us, entertain us, give us access to far-away friends—everything we could want to make us happy. Anything in excess, however, is bad. Is this technology too much?

Dangers of TechnologyContinued from page 4 Continued from page 7


and, for dessert, cookies and brownies.

While guests ate, they were privileged to receive a concert from the Maimonides Jazz Band, to accompany the New Orleans Jazz theme.

After dinner, everyone enjoyed a performance featuring Maimonides alumni or their spouses: Dr. Yoni Weinberg ‘97 on keyboard; Danny Zwillenberg—who Maimonides’s Facebook page say used to be in ‘Blue Fringe’ and is married to Karen (Schreiber) Zwillenberg ‘00—on drums; and both Rabbi Dov Huff—Maimonides class of 2000 and current Assistant Principal—and Meir Weinberg ’00, on guitar.

This last part turned out to be the best part of the evening for

many guests. The band performed renditions

of songs by the Maccabeats, “One Day” by Matisyahu, and many more songs requested by the students. Students danced and sang, and before they knew it, the long night was over.

Many people were ambivalent about coming to this year’s Chanukah banquet. Some were excited because last year’s had been a blast, while others were not really sure what to expect. A few had never been to the Chanukah banquet before and had heard that it was not very much fun. But after the banquet, when asked how they felt, those people answered that they were glad they had decided to attend.

An Evening in New OrleansContinued from page 6

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The Culinary Corner


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Sarah’s SillysLife is all about perspective. The sinking of the Titanic was a miracle

to the lobsters in the ship’s kitchen.

Don’t you hate it when someone answers their own questions? I do.

If someday we all go to prison for downloading music, I hope they split us by music genre.

I asked my North Korean friend how it was there; he said he couldn’t complain.

People used to laugh at me when I would say, “I want to be a come-dian.” Well nobody’s laughing now.

My wife told me to stop impersonating a flamingo. I had to put my foot down.

Throwing acid is wrong, in some people’s eyes.

The first time I got a universal remote control, I thought to myself, “This changes everything.”

My grandfather has the heart of a lion and a lifetime ban from the local zoo.

I saw a sign that said, “Watch for children,” and I thought, “That sounds like a fair trade.”

Say what you want about deaf people ….

I recently decided to sell my vacuum cleaner, all it was doing was gathering dust.

People say I’m condescending. That means I talk down to people.

Why is “abbreviation” such a long word?

Always go to other people’s funerals, or they won’t go to yours.

National Atheist’s Day is April 1st.

If Barbie is so popular, why do you have to buy her friends?

There was a prison break, and I saw a midget climb up the fence. As he jumped down, he sneered at me, and I thought, well that’s a little condescending.

Exaggerations went up by a million percent last year.

Where does the president keep his armies? In his sleevies.

The Culinary CornerBy moshE formAn ’15

It’s a known fact that everyone thinks that his or her mother’s cholent is the best. That being said, this recipe will knock your mother’s cholents out of the competition. This classic Ashkenazi appetizer is so yummy and meaty that it usually ends up stealing the show from the main Shabbat lunch. Just as a warning, this recipe requires that you start Thursday night. In addition, crock pots with low, medium, and high settings don’t work very well because medium is too hot and low is not hot enough to kill the bacteria that grow on food. It’s best to use a roasting pan with adjustable temperature settings.

Although you may eat it because it’s what your mom has been feeding you since you were three months old, don’t count on your guests relishing in it as much. Everyone has their own secret ingredient that they use to flavor their cholent in some exotic fashion. For this reason I have my own secret ingredient: restraint. My rule is that if my great grandmother didn’t have it in her shtetl in Russia, it doesn’t belong in cholent.

Ingredients:The meat, potatoes and onions are in a 1:1:1 ratio. Using one pound of

everything will easily feed 5-10 people.Meat cut into two-inch cubes: The best is called “Kulkie”. It tastes good,

doesn’t have too much fat, and doesn’t dry out easily. The next best is “flanken”, however sometimes it can get a little dry and stringy.

Potatoes: Idaho potatoes are best. The bigger the better. Cut into 3 inch cubes and keep in a bowl of ice water so they don’t brown.

Onions: Red Vidalia Onions are the best, followed by Yellow Spanish Onions. Halve, quarter and eighth the onions. You don’t want them too small because then they will dissolve into a mush.

Garlic: 4 cloves for every pound of meat. Crush and mince as small as possible.

Beans and Barley: The best variety of beans is just the “cholent mix” that you can buy at the Butcherie and most other supermarkets with a Ko-sher section. They usually include some barley but its good to add more separately. Use two bags of beans and a quarter of a bag of barley for every pound of meat.

Spices: One tablespoon each of salt, ground black pepper, and paprika (either powdered or crushed).

Oil: Enough to cover the bottom of your roasting pan.

Directions:Pour the oil into the roasting pan and turn the heat to the maximum set-

ting. Start soaking the beans and barley in room temperature water. When the oil in hot, start frying the meat, onions, and garlic. Add the spices after a few minutes. Sear the meat’s outer layer so it doesn’t fall apart while cooking, while also releasing the meat juices into the pot. Turn the mixture frequently to allow for equal cooking. After searing for 20-40 minutes, add the potatoes and the drained beans and barley. Turn several times until the mixture is even, and turn off the heat. Add water until the top of the mix-ture is just barely covered. Refrigerate overnight.

Before cooking the cholent, again add enough water to cover the top of the mixture to replace what was absorbed in the fridge. The cholent needs to cook at 250 degrees for about 20 hours.

I assume that most people have kiddush or lunch at about 11 AM on Shabbat morning, so put the cholent on the heat at about 2 PM on Friday.

Optional, but recommended: Kishka or Yapchick. Kishka tastes good sliced up and full of the meaty cholent juices. It also acts as a water buffer. If the cholent comes out too soupy you can mix all or some of the kishka into it to make it more solid. Take the kishka log out of its outer casing, make a small slit along the length of the inner casing and place ¾ sub-merged in the mixture, slit side facing down.For the Yapchick, take a pre made potato kugel and place it top down in the mixture before cooking. It absorbs all of the meat flavor and tastes out of this world!

Serve separately, or mix it into the cholent on Shabbat day.

Enjoy, and Good Shabbos!

Cholent

Spectrum Page 8 November 2009

Arts & Entertainment

In theater, they say that the show

must go on. The residents of Valparaiso

felt as though they were actors in a cruel,

sadistic performance, and so for them,

too, the show went on. The sun rose the

next morning and each person awoke and

prepared for the day. As the sun climbed

higher in the sky, the downtown area of

the city filled with people. They were

tired and afraid, but they went to work.

They did not speak with the same en-

thusiasm as they had the day before, but

they greeted each other. They walked in

hurt footsteps, as if each of them had been

shot, but they walked. Time doesn’t stop

on a stage, and it didn’t stop for them.

As the busy streets quieted, two teen-

agers walked together. The boy, tall and

strapping, had an air of uncertainty about

him. The girl, slight and bewitching,

looked confident. They walked side by

side, but they neither looked at each other

nor spoke to one another. It was not until

they reached the enormous colonial na-

val headquarters building, a block away

from their destination, that they stopped.

The boy looked up at the intricate

white latticework, as delicate as a spi-

der web, and broke the silence. “I’m

having second thoughts.” He did not

Which of the following do you think would best improve

the atmosphere of the library during lunch period?

A. A Kosher McDonalds

B. A Kosher Starbucks

C. A Kosher Subway

D. A Kosher Dunkin Donuts

By Eli Portman

look at the girl, her eyes glaring

at him from under dark lashes.

“Miguel, we’ve discussed this!

The girl said, the annoyance and

urgency in her voice unmasked.

“You’ve told me why you need

this job! Tell me the story again.”

“I just think we should wait a

while, Cassandra. I’ll come back in

a week or so.” Miguel replied, still

staring at the blue building, his eyes

drifting to the door where two men

stood guard. They each held a rifle.

Cassandra shook her head. “Tell

me the story.”

The boy closed his eyes. He still

saw the officers’ large guns resting

on their shoulders. He sighed and

opened his heavy eyes. “Can we sit?”

Miguel led his friend to a nearby

bench. “You want the whole story?”

Cassandra nodded. “Remind

yourself why you wanted this.”

Miguel exhaled slowly and then

began to speak. “About a week be-

fore my mother’s death, I overheard

her speak to my father. They were in

the kitchen; it was past my bedtime.

I was coming down to tell them I

couldn’t sleep, but I stopped on the

stairs. I didn’t want to interrupt. My

mom was upset. At first I couldn’t

hear what she was saying; she was

whispering frantically. But I listened

closely, and eventually I heard.

“She told my dad that she had re-

ceived a letter. I don’t know what it

said; I don’t think my father ever did

either. She just said it was threaten-

ing, and that we had to move soon.

She was going to withdraw the

money. My dad refused. He said that

he couldn’t leave; he had his own

business and had finally established

himself as a reliable storekeeper.”

“Then he wanted to see the let-

ter. My mom shook her head, say-

ing that she had sent it back to the

post office without a return address.

Just then, my parents started walk-

ing toward the stairs, so I had to

rush up to bed before they saw me.

That was the last thing I heard.”

Miguel now stared at the Chil-

ean flag hanging out a window.

The wind rustled through it, mak-

ing the red, white, and blue dance

wildly against the blue building.

“And so why do you want the

job at the post office?” Cassandra

prompted.

“I remember reading somewhere

that all letters like that are archived

in the office. I want to find it. I want

to know who should be in jail instead

of my father for killing my mother.”

1. Use a steamer to steam the potatoes on high heat for 15-17 minutes. They should be tender

in about twenty minutes. Once you are able to easily insert a fork, remove the potatoes from

the steamer and let them cool for at least ten minutes.

2. Peel the potato skins. Then mash the potatoes in a large mixing bowl (I recommend using a

tuna mixer for this).

3. Combine the other ingredients. Beat the sugar, margarine, soymilk, egg, pineapple and co-

conut, vanilla, and spices in with the potatoes. Mix VERY well. If you don’t, you will be sorry.

Take my word for it.

4. Pour into a greased pan and, if you’d like, drizzle the top with honey. Bake for 45 minutes at

350oF.

5. Serve warm or cool. Enjoy!

Happy Thanksgiving!

Hey Food Fans!This month, every newspaper I’ve seen (thus far) has published many turkey recipes in prepa-

ration for Turkey Day. But as everyone knows, Thanksgiving meals are never complete with-

out pie. Below is one of my favorite pie recipes. I like it because it is versatile – it can be used

for the Thanksgiving main course, desert, or for any Shabbat meal. Plus, it will not fail you: it

will come out of the oven with the same consistency each time—I promise. But most impor-

tantly, this pie has a wonderful tang which will keep your guests wondering, “Where on earth

did that flavor come from?” Luckily, you’ll know that it came from pineapple and coconut!

Crustless Sweet Potato Pie

Culinary CornerBy Sarah Robinson

3-4 medium sweet potatoes

! C sugar

" C pareve margarine at room temperature

# C creamy soymilk

1 large egg

3 teaspoons pineapple juice

2 teaspoons coconut flavoring or coconut milk

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

A dash of cinnamon

A dash of nutmeg

A dash of ginger (optional)

Honey (optional)

Fly on the Wall

By Sarah Jane Ricklan

Part IV

Naval building in Valparaiso, Chile

Spectrum Page 8 November 2009

Arts & Entertainment

In theater, they say that the show

must go on. The residents of Valparaiso

felt as though they were actors in a cruel,

sadistic performance, and so for them,

too, the show went on. The sun rose the

next morning and each person awoke and

prepared for the day. As the sun climbed

higher in the sky, the downtown area of

the city filled with people. They were

tired and afraid, but they went to work.

They did not speak with the same en-

thusiasm as they had the day before, but

they greeted each other. They walked in

hurt footsteps, as if each of them had been

shot, but they walked. Time doesn’t stop

on a stage, and it didn’t stop for them.

As the busy streets quieted, two teen-

agers walked together. The boy, tall and

strapping, had an air of uncertainty about

him. The girl, slight and bewitching,

looked confident. They walked side by

side, but they neither looked at each other

nor spoke to one another. It was not until

they reached the enormous colonial na-

val headquarters building, a block away

from their destination, that they stopped.

The boy looked up at the intricate

white latticework, as delicate as a spi-

der web, and broke the silence. “I’m

having second thoughts.” He did not

Which of the following do you think would best improve

the atmosphere of the library during lunch period?

A. A Kosher McDonalds

B. A Kosher Starbucks

C. A Kosher Subway

D. A Kosher Dunkin Donuts

By Eli Portman

look at the girl, her eyes glaring

at him from under dark lashes.

“Miguel, we’ve discussed this!

The girl said, the annoyance and

urgency in her voice unmasked.

“You’ve told me why you need

this job! Tell me the story again.”

“I just think we should wait a

while, Cassandra. I’ll come back in

a week or so.” Miguel replied, still

staring at the blue building, his eyes

drifting to the door where two men

stood guard. They each held a rifle.

Cassandra shook her head. “Tell

me the story.”

The boy closed his eyes. He still

saw the officers’ large guns resting

on their shoulders. He sighed and

opened his heavy eyes. “Can we sit?”

Miguel led his friend to a nearby

bench. “You want the whole story?”

Cassandra nodded. “Remind

yourself why you wanted this.”

Miguel exhaled slowly and then

began to speak. “About a week be-

fore my mother’s death, I overheard

her speak to my father. They were in

the kitchen; it was past my bedtime.

I was coming down to tell them I

couldn’t sleep, but I stopped on the

stairs. I didn’t want to interrupt. My

mom was upset. At first I couldn’t

hear what she was saying; she was

whispering frantically. But I listened

closely, and eventually I heard.

“She told my dad that she had re-

ceived a letter. I don’t know what it

said; I don’t think my father ever did

either. She just said it was threaten-

ing, and that we had to move soon.

She was going to withdraw the

money. My dad refused. He said that

he couldn’t leave; he had his own

business and had finally established

himself as a reliable storekeeper.”

“Then he wanted to see the let-

ter. My mom shook her head, say-

ing that she had sent it back to the

post office without a return address.

Just then, my parents started walk-

ing toward the stairs, so I had to

rush up to bed before they saw me.

That was the last thing I heard.”

Miguel now stared at the Chil-

ean flag hanging out a window.

The wind rustled through it, mak-

ing the red, white, and blue dance

wildly against the blue building.

“And so why do you want the

job at the post office?” Cassandra

prompted.

“I remember reading somewhere

that all letters like that are archived

in the office. I want to find it. I want

to know who should be in jail instead

of my father for killing my mother.”

1. Use a steamer to steam the potatoes on high heat for 15-17 minutes. They should be tender

in about twenty minutes. Once you are able to easily insert a fork, remove the potatoes from

the steamer and let them cool for at least ten minutes.

2. Peel the potato skins. Then mash the potatoes in a large mixing bowl (I recommend using a

tuna mixer for this).

3. Combine the other ingredients. Beat the sugar, margarine, soymilk, egg, pineapple and co-

conut, vanilla, and spices in with the potatoes. Mix VERY well. If you don’t, you will be sorry.

Take my word for it.

4. Pour into a greased pan and, if you’d like, drizzle the top with honey. Bake for 45 minutes at

350oF.

5. Serve warm or cool. Enjoy!

Happy Thanksgiving!

Hey Food Fans!This month, every newspaper I’ve seen (thus far) has published many turkey recipes in prepa-

ration for Turkey Day. But as everyone knows, Thanksgiving meals are never complete with-

out pie. Below is one of my favorite pie recipes. I like it because it is versatile – it can be used

for the Thanksgiving main course, desert, or for any Shabbat meal. Plus, it will not fail you: it

will come out of the oven with the same consistency each time—I promise. But most impor-

tantly, this pie has a wonderful tang which will keep your guests wondering, “Where on earth

did that flavor come from?” Luckily, you’ll know that it came from pineapple and coconut!

Crustless Sweet Potato Pie

Culinary CornerBy Sarah Robinson

3-4 medium sweet potatoes

! C sugar

" C pareve margarine at room temperature

# C creamy soymilk

1 large egg

3 teaspoons pineapple juice

2 teaspoons coconut flavoring or coconut milk

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

A dash of cinnamon

A dash of nutmeg

A dash of ginger (optional)

Honey (optional)

Fly on the Wall

By Sarah Jane Ricklan

Part IV

Naval building in Valparaiso, Chile


january 2015

Documents

matignon high school

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school rules

maimonides delegation

aipac high school conference

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upper school handbook

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