january 2018 vol. xcvi, no.5 on•am e r i c · january 2018 vol. xcvi, no.5 n o r t h e a s t e r...
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http://www.nesacs.org
January 2018 Vol. XCVI, No.5
NORTHEASTERN SECTION • AMERICAN CHEMIC
ALSO
CIET
Y
FOUNDED 1898
NESACS
MonthlyMeetingACS 2018 President, Peter K.Dorhout, to Speak at NovaBiomedical
NationalChemistryWeek 2017A report by Raymond Lam
2018 Chair’sStatementBy Mindy Levine
SummerScholarReportBy Abraham Bayer, Caitlin Hilland Rebecca Scheck, TuftsUniversity
2 The Nucleus January 2018
The theme for National Chemistry Week (NCW) 2017 was“Chemistry Rocks!” The Northeastern Section of AmericanChemical Society (NESACS) teamed up with Boston Chil-dren’s Museum and the Museum of Science-Boston onceagain to celebrate NCW with our community. Prior to theevents, a guest educators’ orientation day was held at the Mu-seum of Science-Boston on Sunday, October 1. Approximately20 volunteers came and got an early preview of the activitiesoffered this year; many also offered suggestions for improve-ments. In order to better communicate with our volunteers andincrease our social media presence, a new public Facebookgroup (NESACS National Chemistry Week) was created andour volunteers were encouraged to join. Periodic updates ofour events, including important dates and photos, were postedon our page and shared with our group members. All volun-teers were given NCW 2017 t-shirts and Dr. Jayashree Rangafrom Salem State University also distributed Chemistry Am-bassador ribbons at the Museum of Science.
Museum of Science-BostonOur kick-off event this year was the High School Science Se-ries at the Museum of Science on Friday, October 13. Approx-imately 500 students participated in a number of hands-onactivities and demonstrations facilitated by Museum of Sci-ence staff. Two lecture demonstrations were given by DavidSittenfeld from the Museum of Science.
On Sunday October 15, NESACS sponsored the publicevent at the Museum of Science. Over 80 NCW volunteersensured that visitors to the daylong event enjoyed the hands-on theme-related activities. Approximately 300 visitors at-tended our event and many also had detailed discussions withour volunteers on the science behind each activity. Among thehighlights of the day were the two Phyllis A. Brauner Memo-rial Lectures, presented by Prof. Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, Pro-fessor of Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
National Chemistry Week 2017Chemistry Rocks!By Raymond Lam, Massachusetts Maritime Academy
continued on page 4
Photo Credit: Alissa Daniels
Visitor at Boston Children’s Museum investigating the conductivity of rocksand minerals. Photo Credit: Alissa Daniels
NCW volunteerwith visitor at the“Sink or Float”activity at Mu-seum of Science,Boston. PhotoCredit EmilyHostetler
Rock band“Nakedly” per-forming at BostonChildren’s Mu-seum. PhotoCredit: AlissaDaniels
The Nucleus January 2018 3
The Nucleus is published monthly, except June and August, by the Northeastern Section of the AmericanChemical Society, Inc. Forms close for advertising on the 1st of the month of the preceding issue. Textmust be received by the editor six weeks before the date of issue.Editor: Michael P. Filosa, Ph.D., 18 Tamarack Road, Medfield, MA 02052 Email:
[email protected]; Tel: 508-843-9070Associate Editors: Myron S. Simon, 60 Seminary Ave. apt 272, Auburndale, MA 02466
Morton Z. Hoffman, 23 Williams Rd., Norton, MA 02766Board of Publications: James Phillips (Chair), Mary Mahaney, Ajay Purohit, Ken DrewBusiness Manager: VacantAdvertising Manager: Vacant: contact Michael Filosa at [email protected] Coordinator: Xavier Herault, Email: [email protected]: Morton Hoffman and James PhillipsProofreaders: Donald O. Rickter, Morton Z. HoffmanWebmaster: Roy Hagen, Email: [email protected] 2018, Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society, Inc.
The Northeastern Section of the American-Chemical Society, Inc.Office: Anna Singer, 12 Corcoran Road,Burlington, MA 01803(Voice or FAX) (781)272-1966.e-mail: [email protected] Homepage:http://www.NESACS.orgOfficers 2018ChairMindy Levine35 Cottage StSharon, MA 02067-2130(516)[email protected] ScholteSanofiWaltham, [email protected] Past ChairLeland L. Johnson, Jr.WuXi AppTecBrookline, MA(617)[email protected] SingerMilliporeSigma3 Strathmore Rd, Natick, MA 01760(774)290-1391, [email protected] Saha67 Bow StArlington, MA 02474-2744(978)[email protected] GordonArchivistKen MattesTrusteesPeter C. Meltzer, Dorothy Phillips, Ruth TannerDirectors-at-LargeDavid Harris, June Lum, Michael P. Filosa, John Neumeyer, James U. Piper, Ralph ScannellCouncilors/Alternate CouncilorsTerm Ends 12/31/2018Katherine Lee Ajay PurohitCatherine E. Costello June LumRuth Tanner Malika Jeffries-ELKenneth Mattes VACANTJackie O’Neil Term Ends 12/31/2019Thomas R. Gilbert Jerry P. JasinskiMary Jane Shultz Raj (SB) RajurMichael Singer Matthew M. JacobsenLisa Marcaurelle Ashis SahaLeland L. Johnson, Jr. Term Ends 12/31/2020Michael P. Filosa Robert LichterCarol Mulrooney Morton Z. HoffmanPatricia A. Mabrouk Sonja Strah-PleynetAnna W. Sromek Andrew ScholteSofia A. Santos Patrick M. Gordon
All Chairs of standingCommittees, the editor of THE NUCLEUS, and the Trustees of SectionFunds are members of theBoard of Directors. AnyCoun cilor of the American Chemical Societyresiding within the section area is an ex officiomember of the Board of Directors.
ContentsNational Chemistry Week 2017: Chemistry Rocks_____________2By Raymond Lam, Massachusetts Maritime Academy
Monthly Meeting _______________________________________5American Chemical Society President, Peter K. Dorhout, to speak at Nova Bio-medical, Waltham, MA, January 11, 2018.
American Chemical Society 254th ACS National Meeting _______6Councilor Talking Points: Summary of Governance Issues and Actions
2018 NESACS Chair’s Statement__________________________7By Mindy Levine
Summer Scholar Report _________________________________8The Targeted Charging of Ubiquitin to E2: Developing a New Tool to Study theUbiquitin Proteasome SystemBy Abraham Bayer, Caitlin Hill, Rebecca Scheck, Tufts University
Photos from the November Meeting_______________________12Photos of the Norris Award Presentation, The Henry A. Hill Award Presentation and Recognition of the 2017 Chemistry Olympiad TeamBy Morton Z. Hoffman
Calendar ____________________________________________16
Cover: Peter K. Dorhout, 2018 American Chemical Society President. PhotoCourtesy of Professor Dorhout.
Editorial Deadlines: March 2018 Issue: January 22, 2018 April 2018 Issue: February 22, 2018
Boston Children’s MuseumOur last NCW 2017 event was held atBoston Children’s Museum on Saturday,October 22. Approximately 500 visitorsof all ages joined us for the day-longevent. Visitors were once again given astamp sheet as they entered our activityarea in order to collect chemistry-relatedstamps at each station. ACS NCW pro-motional materials and bookmark mag-nifiers were given as prizes uponcompletion.
In addition to all the hands-on ac-tivities related to the yearly theme,Boston Children’s Museum also workedwith ZUMIX, an East Boston-basednonprofit organization dedicated tobuilding community through music, toprovide a live rock concert alongsideour event. The rock concert was spon-sored by Massachusetts Maritime Acad-emy and featured a group of high schoolstudents performing two 25-minute ses-sions. The concert was well received andsmall 2-minute clips of the concert werestreamed live on our Facebook page.
The activities and demonstrationsthat were performed throughout NCW2017 events included: Testing for Ra-dioactivity; Painting with Soil; RockyReactions; Instant Crystals; Sink orFloat; What’s in the Soil?; FluoROCKs-cent; Cleaning Oil Spills with Chem-istry; One Metal, Many Colors; Igneous,Sedimentary or Metamorphic; What todo about CO2?; Sharklet/Biomimicry;Mineral & Metals; and Harvesting Fos-sils from Rocks.
Illustrated Poem Contest &
AcknowledgmentsThe success of our events would nothave been possible without the effort of our contributors and volunteers. Spe-cial thanks to Boston Children’s Mu-seum and Museum of Science-Bostonfor hosting the events, and to our spon-sors, Massachusetts Maritime Academyand Millipore Sigma, for their generousdonations. The events would not havebeen possible without the help of thevolunteers from Alnylam Pharmaceuti-cals, Beyond Benign, Emmanuel Col-lege, Gordon College, Malden CatholicHigh School, Massachusetts MaritimeAcademy, Nipmuc Regional HighSchool, Northeastern University, SalemState University, NSYCC, StonehillCollege, Suffolk University, ToxikonCorp. and UMass Boston. The authorapologizes in advance if anyone hasbeen inadvertently omitted from theseacknowledgements.
Children, grades K-12, were able toparticipate in the national poster compe-tition. Congratulations to Cosette Cum-mins for winning the 3rd – 5th Gradecategory and Hannah Pais for winningthe 9th – 12th Grade category.
The 2018 theme for NCW is“Chemistry Is Out of this World!” Joinour Facebook group (NESACS NationalChemistry Week) for the latest news andupdates! u
4 The Nucleus January 2018
NESACS Sponsors 2017Platinum $5000+Boston Foundation Esselen AwardSK Life ScienceAmgen, IncJohnson MattheyVertex PharmaceuticalsDavos PharmaBiogenPCI SynthesisNavin Fluorine International Ltd
Gold $3000 up to $5000Merck Research CorpSignal PharmaceuticalsJ-Star ResearchIPG Women ChemistsAbbvie
Silver $1500 up to $3000Mettler ToledoSanofi US ServicesWarp Drive BioPfizerLAVIANAStrem Chemicals
Bronze $500 up to $1500Chemical Computing GroupXtuit PharmaceuticalsCydan Development IncAchillion PharmaceuticalsAlkermesFLAMMASafety Partners IncPiramal Pharma Solutions’Selvita, Inc.OrganixCreaGen Life ScienceEntasis TherapeuticsMorphic TherapeuticInterchim, IncXtal BiostructuresQuartet MedicineAnton Parr USABiotageBioduroNovalix PharmaThermo FisherCresset GroupCustom NMR Services
Chemistry RocksContinued from page 2
NCW volunteers at Boston Children’s Museum.Photo Credit: Alissa Daniels
R
This graduate level course concentrates on the fundamentals that are useful in drug discovery spanning initial target assay evaluation through clinical development. Case histories of recent successful drug development programs will also be presented. The five-day program covers:
Principles of Med Chem DMPK Cheminformatics Toxicophores
Lead ID & Optimization GPCRs Epigenetics Kinase Inhibitors Fragment-based Drug Design Ion Channels Structure-based Drug Design Enzyme Inhibitors Drug-like Properties Bioisosteres Protein-Protein Interactions Preclinical Toxicology
Molecular Modeling Clinical Development Antibody-Drug Conjugates
Bill Greenlee, Vince Gullo & Ron Doll – Co-organizers
ResMed: Residential School on Medicinal Chemistry and Biology in Drug Discovery
June 10-15, 2018Drew University, Madison, NJ
Attendees will be staying at the Madison Hotel
www.drew.edu/resmed e-mail: [email protected]
phone: 973/408-3787; fax: 973/408-3504
The Nucleus January 2018 5
Monthly MeetingThe 975th Meeting of the Northeastern Section of the AmericanChemical SocietySponsored by Nova BiomedicalThursday, January 11, 2018Nova Biomedical200 Prospect Street, Waltham, MA 024534:00 pm NESACS Annual Meeting4:30 pm NESACS Board Meeting5:30 pm Social Hour6:30 pm Dinner 7:30 pm Keynote Presentation: Professor Peter Dorhout,
President of the American Chemical Society, Vice-President for Re-search, Kansas State UniversityTitle: Challenges with and for Chemistry – Being Prepared
YOU MUST REGISTER IN ADVANCE TO ATTEND THE MEETINGTHERE IS NO REGISTRATION FEE TO ATTEND THE MEETING
DINNER RESERVATIONS ARE REQUIRED. PUBLIC IS INVITED
• For those who would like to join us for dinner, register by noon, Thursday,January 4, at https://peter-dorhout-president-acs.eventbrite.com. Cost: Mem-bers, $30; Non-members, $35; Retirees, $20; Students, $10. Dinner reserva-tions not cancelled at least 24 hours in advance must be paid.
• If you wish to join us for this meeting and not eat dinner, please register bynoon, Thursday, January 4 at https://peter-dorhout-president-acs.eventbrite.comSelect “Seminar only”.
If you have any questions or require additional information, contact the Ad-ministrative Coordinator, Anna Singer, via email at [email protected]. ◆
Abstract: Challenges with and forChemistry – Being PreparedAs I have been getting prepared for myyear as ACS President, I have been re-minded by the many challenges facingour members and the discipline ofchemistry today. In keeping with myBoy Scout motto: Be Prepared, I wantedto highlight a few challenges that I’veheard the past few years and presentsome opportunities for ACS and itsmembers to work together to addressthose challenges. It begins with re-es-tablishing our credibility as scientists inthe eyes of the public, which starts witheducating the next generations of
chemists. In particular, promoting theresponsible conduct of research, advo-cating for enhancements to safety train-ing, and enriching our communicationswith the public will continue to be partof my activities over my three years inthe Presidential succession. Being pre-pared for global challenges in chemistryincludes developing skills for life-longlearning, building a portfolio of globalexperiences and perspectives, and learn-ing to work on teams with diverse mem-bers. How we infuse these skills andperspectives into our undergraduate,graduate, early-career, and mid-careermembers will depend on us and our cre-ativity to work as a broader Society toenhance our members and their profes-sional experiences. ◆
Biography:Dr. Peter K. Dorhout is a Professor ofChemistry and was appointed in 2016 asVice President for Research at KansasState University, where he had alsoserved four years as dean of the Collegeof Arts & Sciences. Prior to coming toKansas State in 2012, he served as theInterim Provost at Colorado State Uni-versity-Pueblo, preceded by 20 years atColorado State University-Fort Collinsas Vice Provost for Graduate Studies,Assistant Vice President for Research,and Professor of Chemistry. He hasserved as a collaborator at Los AlamosNational Laboratory since 1987.
Peter is the 2018 President of theAmerican Chemical Society, where hehas also served as a member of the Boardof Directors, Chair of the Committee onCommittees, Chair of the InternationalActivities Committee, and member ofBudget & Finance, Divisional ActivitiesCommittee, the Younger Chem istsCommittee, and served on numeroustask forces. He has been a councilor forthe Inorganic Division and the ColoradoLocal Section, where he also served asLocal Section Chair.
He currently serves on the Board ofDirectors for Research Corporation forScience Advancement, the Kansas StateUniversity Research Foundation, andthe Coronado Council BSA ExecutiveBoard.
Dr. Dorhout is a recognized expertin solid state and nuclear materials sci-ence and environmental chemistry. Hehas had active research programs insolid-state f-element and radiochem-istry, and nanomaterials science. He haspublished over 115 peer-reviewed jour-nal articles, book chapters, and reviewswhile presenting over 130 internationaland national invited lectures on hischemistry. Dr. Dorhout earned a bache-lors degree in chemistry from the Uni-versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaignand a doctorate in inorganic chemistryfrom the University of Wisconsin-Madi-son. His list of professional awards in-cludes Fellow of the AmericanChemical Society, Fellow of the AAAS,Research Corporation Cottrell Scholar,Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, A. P.
continued on page 14
6 The Nucleus January 2018
The following summary is provided tohelp Councilors report to their LocalSections and Divisions on key actions ofthe ACS Council meeting held August23, 2017 and the Board of Directorsmeetings held August 18-19, 2017, atthe 2017 ACS fall national meeting inWashington, District of Columbia. Fullreports will be posted on the ACS Web-site as they become available.Actions of the Council Election Results: Elected Committeesof Council • By electronic ballot, the Councilelected Karl S. Booksh, Mark D. Fr-ishberg, Zaida C. Morales Martinez,and Linette M. Watkins for three-yearterms (2018-2020), and Ella L. Davisfor a one-year term (2018) on theCouncil Policy Committee (CPC).*Karl S. Booksh 209James C. Carver 180Dwight W. Chasar 140*Ella L. Davis 203*Mark D. Frishberg 207Lydia E.M. Hines 165Will E. Lynch 190*Zaida C. Morales Martinez 215Barbara P. Sitzman 150*Linette M. Watkins 260• By electronic ballot, the Councilelected Michael Appell, Neil D. Jes-persen, Mamie W. Moy, Eleanor D.Siebert, and Julianne M.D. Smist forthree-year terms (2018-2020) on theCommittee on Nominations and Elec-tions (N&E). Anthony W. Addison 159Joe D. Allison 103*Michael Appell 165Mark A. Benvenuto 149Arindam Bose 140*Neil D. Jespersen 237*Mamie W. Moy 269
*Eleanor D. Siebert 252*Julianne M.D. Smist 228Keith R. Vitense 134• By electronic ballot, the Councilelected Mitchell R. M. Bruce, JettyDuffy-Matzner, Martha G. Hollomon,Diane Krone, and Robert A. Pribushfor three-year terms (2018-2020) onthe Committee on Committees(ConC).*Mitchell R. M. Bruce 225*Jetty Duffy-Matzner 223Rick Ewing 177Barbara R. Hillery 115*Martha G. Hollomon 187Judith M. Iriarte-Gross 163Russell W. Johnson 123*Diane Krone 192*Robert A. Pribush 227Susan M. Schelble 184Other Council ActionsAmendments to the ACS Bylaws• A recommendation by the Committeeon Membership Affairs that Councilapprove the Petition on InternationalChemical Sciences Chapters narrowlyfailed to achieve the two-thirds major-ity required to amend the Bylaws.The proposal would have amendedBylaw IX, Section 4, to permit finan-cial support for International Chemi-cal Sciences Chapters and to removelanguage from the Bylaws prohibitingChapters from having representationon Council.
Probationary Division of Space Chem-istry • The Council defeated a proposal fromthe Committee on Divisional Activi-ties that it establish a probationary Di-vision of Space Chemistry, effectiveJanuary 1, 2018. Change in Local Section Territory• On the recommendation of the Com-
mittee on Local Section Activities, theCouncil approved a petition from theSouth Jersey Local Section to annexthe unassigned and adjacent territoryof Ocean County, New Jersey. Resolutions• The Council passed resolutions inmemory of deceased Councilors; ac-knowledging President Allison A.Campbell’s service as presiding officerof the Council; and in gratitude for theofficers and members of the ChemicalSociety of Washington, the host Sec-tion for the 254th National Meeting,the divisional program chairs and sym-posium organizers, and ACS staff.Highlights from Committee ReportsNominations and Elections The Committee on Nominations andElections solicits Councilors’ input ofqualified individuals for President-Electand/or Directors for future considera-tion. Suggestions may be sent to [email protected].
Ballots for the 2017 fall nationalelection will be distributed on Septem-ber 29, with a voting deadline fourweeks later, on October 27. In a changeof procedures, all members with anemail address on file and eligible to votewill receive an electronic ballot with theoption to request a paper ballot. Thosemembers with no email address on filewill be sent a paper ballot with the op-tion to still vote electronically. The ACSelection vendor, Survey & Ballot Sys-tems, will send three email remindersduring the voting period to those whohave not voted as of the reminder date.Budget and FinanceThe Society’s 2017 Probable 1 Projec-tion calls for a Net from Operations of$25.3 million. This is $2.1 million fa-
American Chemical Society254th ACS National Meeting
Washington, District of ColumbiaAugust 20-24, 2017
Councilor Talking Points: Summary of Governance Issues and Actions
continued on page 7
vorable to the Approved Budget and$1.6 million higher than 2016. Totalrevenues are projected to be $553.0 mil-lion, which is $2.4 million unfavorableto the budget, but 5.0% higher than theprior year. Total expenses are projectedat $527.6 million, which is $4.5 millionfavorable to the budget, and 4.9% higherthan 2016.
The Committee considered severalprogram funding requests for 2018, andon its recommendations, the Board sub-sequently approved funding for the ACSOnline Course in Laboratory Safety andthe New Faculty Workshop Series forinclusion in the 2018 Proposed Budgetand the 2019-2020 Forecast.
Additional information can befound at www.acs.org, at the bottom ofthe page, click ‘About ACS’, then ‘Fi-nancial’. There you will find severalyears of the Society’s audited financialstatements and IRS 990 filings.Washington Meeting AttendanceThe theme of the 254th ACS NationalMeeting was “Chemistry’s Impact onthe Global Economy.” As of Tuesdayevening, August 22, attendance was:Attendees 7,938Students 2,997Exhibitors 1, 068Expo only 475Guest 426Total 12,904Petitions to Amend the Constitutionand BylawsNew petitions to amend the Constitutionor Bylaws must be received by the Ex-ecutive Director no later than November29 to be included in the Council agendafor consideration at the spring 2018meeting in New Orleans. Contact theCommittee on Constitution and Bylawswith any questions or requests for infor-mation at [email protected] of the Board of DirectorsThe Board’s Executive SessionAt this meeting, the ACS Board of Di-rectors considered a number of keystrategic issues and responded with sev-eral actions. The Board’s Committees The Board of Directors received and
discussed reports from its committeeson the Petroleum Research Fund, Strate-gic Planning, Corporation Associates,Executive Compensation, Professionaland Member Relations, the SocietyCommittee on Budget and Finance, theACS Governing Board for Publishing,and the Joint Board-Council Task Forceon Governance Design.• On the recommendation of the Com-mittee on Professional and MemberRelations, the Board voted to approvethe Society’s nominees for the 2018Perkin Medal, and the 2018 NationalScience Board Public Service Award.• On the recommendation of the JointBoard-Council Committee on Publi-cations and an Editor Selection Com-mittee, the Board voted to approve theappointment and reappointment ofseveral editors-in-chief for ACS jour-nals.
• On the recommendation of the SocietyCommittee on Budget and Finance,the Board voted to approve the ad-vance member registration fee for na-tional meetings held in 2018 at $475;and to authorize two new programfunding requests: an ACS OnlineCourse in Laboratory Safety, and aNew Faculty Workshop Series.The Executive Director/CEO Report• The Executive Director/CEO and hisdirect reports provided updates to theBoard on the activities of ChemicalAbstracts Service (CAS) and the ACSPublications Division. He offered cur-rent and proposed strategies to in-crease membership in the Society;reported on safety initiatives, resourcesand security; and provided an updateon the Atlantic Basin Conference onChemistry (ABCChem) scheduled forJanuary 2018. As part of his report, heinvited the Treasurer to brief the Boardon the Enterprise Financial SystemsProgram (EFSP), which is unifyingseveral financial operations for Societystaff; the Financial Planning Confer-ence in early November; and ACS De-velopment Activities.Other Society Business • The Board held discussions with mem-bers of the Presidential Succession ontheir current activities and thoseplanned for 2018.
The Nucleus January 2018 7
continued on page 14
ACS Meeting 2017Continued from page 6 From the
2018 Chair
Hello NESACS members! What an ex-citing time to be a chemist here in theNortheastern Section of the AmericanChemical Society. 2018 promises to bean extremely exciting and jam-packedyear, including the National Meeting inBoston in August. We are extremely in-terested in showcasing how strong ourlocal section is and in facilitating a pos-itive meeting experience for everyone inthe wonderful city of Boston. Pleasereach out to a board member if you areinterested in helping with this importanttask. At the same time, I will be chairingthe section remotely for much of thefirst couple of months, during my sab-batical appointment in Israel, and willlook forward to using all available elec-tronic tools to facilitate this important,21st century flexibility in the workforce.Happy to talk more about this workplaceflexibility and how we can leverage it tohelp all of our volunteers participatemore freely in the NESACS event. Re-member that we as a section are only asgood as our volunteers, and if you are amember who is not yet involved in NE-SACS, we would benefit tremendouslyfrom your participation and involve-ment. Reach out to me ([email protected] or 516-697-9688) or contactany of the other board members formore information. Looking forward to agreat year working with everyone!Mindy LevineAssociate Professor of ChemistryUniversity of Rhode Island u
8 The Nucleus January 2018
Abstract:Here we present initial in vitro work on a new tool to studythe ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), named “The TargetedCharging of Ubiquitin to E2” or “tCUbE.” This approach willallow us to uncover the complex enzymatic cascades of theUPS by connecting ubiquitinated target proteins to the activityof a specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, or E2, of interest.While developing this assay in mammalian cells, we workedto purify each engineered protein construct for use in comple-mentary in vitro studies, as well as mutated constructs for con-trol experiments. These in vitro assays allow us to confirmthat each component of tCUbE is functioning as designed andcan interact with native UPS enzymes.Introduction:The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), most well-knownfor its role in protein degradation, is also a dynamic signalingpathway that regulates a variety of cellular processes, includ-ing cell cycle control and the immune response.1,2 The UPSmediates these essential functions by modifying target pro-teins with ubiquitin, a small 76 residue protein, through athree-enzyme cascade (E1-E2-E3).1 Proper function of theUPS requires the coordination of hundreds of enzymes andthousands of specific protein-protein interactions. Due to itsimportance and complexity, malfunction of this system hasbeen linked to multiple cancers, heart disease, and neurode-generative disorders.2 A variety of anti-cancer therapeuticsthat target the UPS have been approved or are in development,but these are limited to a few well characterized E3-target in-teractions.3,4 A better understanding of the protein network inthe UPS would give insight into the mechanisms and limita-tions of current cancer therapies, as well as uncover opportu-nities for novel, specific drug targets.
A UPS cascade begins with an E1 enzyme activatingubiquitin in an ATP dependent process.1,2 Then, a ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme catalyzes a transthioesterification re-action to carry ubiquitin to an E3 ligase, which recognizes avariety of both E2 and target proteins, resulting in the transferof ubiquitin to a final substrate.1,2A protein can be mono-ubiq-uitinated, or poly-ubiquitinated through an iterative process,leading to ubiquitin chains which can vary in both length andtopology.1,2 In humans, there are 2 main E1s, about 40 E2s,and well over 600 known E3s, making it difficult to link finalubiquitinated products to specific E1-E2-E3 pathways.2At thecenter of each ubiquitination cascade, E2 enzymes are knownto play an essential role in determining substrate specificity,multiplicity, and chain topology. Further study of this keypoint is needed to deconvolute the complexity of the UPS.5,6Here, we propose a new tool that will allow us to study theUPS from the center, by targeting a tagged ubiquitin to an E2of interest in vivo and monitoring the products that arise from
the activity of this E2.Our tool, called “The Targeted Charging of Ubiquitin to
E2” (tCUbE), will allow us to delineate specific E2-E3-sub-strate interactions that lead to distinct ubiquitinated productsin living cells. This approach differs from traditional methodsbecause it focuses on the upstream components of the UPSand introduces a new point of control. As seen in Figure 1A,using the addition of a small molecule, specific E2-ubiquitininteractions can be induced in vivo.
To accomplish this, we use the conditional protein splicingmethod developed by Mootz et al. that combines complemen-tary binding domains with self-splicing “split inteins.”7,8 Uponaddition of the small molecule rapamycin, binding domainsfused to the E2 of interest and tagged ubiquitin construct as-sociate. This subsequently causes conditional protein splicingto remove the bulky binding domains, allowing the chargedE2 to continue through the native UPS cascade to interact withendogenous E3s and transfer the tagged ubiquitin to substrateproteins. 7,8 These products can be monitored, identified, andconnected to specific E2-E3 interactions.
tCUbE will overcome many drawbacks of current meth-ods to study the UPS, which are limited by its complexity, re-dundancy, and the transient nature of these protein-proteininteractions in vivo. One main advantage is the ability oftCUbE to operate within cells, enabling us to monitor the UPSin a native environment. Another advantage is the the powerto “turn on” tCUbE, through the inducible targeting step. Fi-nally, tCUbE focuses on the upstream components of UPScascades, allowing us to visualize more complete and previ-ously unstudied pathways. Long term, tCUbE can be used toprofile the activity of all known human E2’s.
Currently, we are developing tCUbE in mammalian cells.
Summer Scholar ReportThe Targeted Charging of Ubiquitin to E2: Developing a New Tool to Study the UbiquitinProteasome SystemAbraham Bayer, Caitlin Hill, Rebecca Scheck, Tufts University Chemistry Department
Figure 1: The Targeted Charging of Ubiquitin to E2. (A) Overview oftCUbE and designed constructs interacting with the native UPS enzymes.(B) Structures and binding properties of small molecule dimerizers ra-pamycin and AP21967 (Rapalog). (C) Design of the protein constructs]
continued on page 9
However, because of the complexity of the tCUbE system andthe UPS overall, we also created a version of this system thatcan be used for complementary studies in vitro. This willallow us to to better analyze how tCUbE functions in the con-text of a cell, and confirm that each component of tCUbE isworking as designed. Here we present the design, expression,and purification process of our novel ubiquitin and E2 con-structs, as well as in vitro studies that support the initial stepsof tCUbE.Results:Construct Design & Cloning:When designing our parent constructs (Figure 1C), we choseUbcH5a as our initial E2 to study. This enzyme has been pre-viously studied and is known to promote ubiquitination ofp53, a clinically relevant target.9 The split intein halves forconditional protein splicing are derived from the vacuolar AT-Pase subunit of S. Cerevisiae (VMA), and have little nativeaffinity for each other. Their association is then reliant on theRapamycin-dependent dimerization of complementary FRBand FKBP binding domains, fused to each half of the intein.The binding domains are positioned as exteins, so that theyare removed and linked together by a peptide bond after theinteins become active.8-9
The ubiquitin construct contains the FRB binding domainat its N-terminus, one half of the split VMA intein, an HA epi-tope tag for detection, then ubiquitin, leaving the C-terminusfree for conjugation. The E2 construct contains UbcH5a witha FLAG epitope tag at its N-terminus, followed by the otherhalf of the VMA intein, and then the FKBP binding domain.To avoid any off target effects of rapamycin interacting withthe human m-TOR protein (target of rapamycin), we decidedto use a synthetic rapamycin derivative, rapalog, as our dimer-izing agent (Figure 1B). This required a complementary mu-tation in the FRB domain at threonine 2098 to leucine forbinding compatibility.8 We termed this construct rbUb (rapa-log binding ubiquitin). The original ubiquitin construct couldthen be used as a targeting control, as the wtFRB domain can-not accommodate rapalog. We also designed intein inactivecontrol constructs by mutating the key intein residues that cat-alyze the splicing reaction to alanine (Cys in VMAN and Asnin VMAC). Finally, we made a catalytically inactive E2 vari-ant, replacing the cysteine used for thioester linkage to ubiq-uitin with alanine.
We cloned the two parent constructs into the vectorpDEST17™for bacterial protein expression using Gateway™cloning. This vector contains a T7 promoter for IPTG induc-tion and an N-terminal (His)6 tag for affinity purification byNickel column. Each mutant construct was made using PCR-based mutagenesis with the parent constructs as templates.Protein Expression:To start, we performed small scale pilot expressions inBL21(DE3) E. Coli cells. The initial attempts showed expres-sion of each parent construct at the correct molecular weight,
but almost exclusively in the total lysate rather than solublefraction, as seen in Figure 2A. To optimize for expression ofsoluble proteins, first we screened a variety of cell lines forhigher levels of each protein in the soluble fraction. Cells withincreased expression of tRNAs used for difficult codons(BL21(DE3) RIL), with a different induction system (BL21A.I.), or even enhanced expression systems (C41(DE3)), allresulted in high levels of insoluble protein for both constructs.
We noticed that these experiments showed very high levels ofbasal protein expression, which could result in subsequentlyoverexpressed protein after induction remaining insoluble aswell. This led us to try BL21(DE3) pLysS cells, which co-ex-press T7 lysozyme to inhibit leaky expression of the T7 RNApolymerase. This resulted in much higher levels of solubleprotein (Figure 2B). Using this cell line, the induction was op-timized for the highest level of soluble protein. For both con-structs, inducing at 16-18 °C improved solubility whencompared to induction at room temperature (25°C) or 37 °C.We varied IPTG concentrations, finding 0.5 mM IPTG show-ing the greatest expression for both constructs. Finally, wetried induction times ranging from 1 hour to overnight. Wefound that overexpression peaked between 2 and 4 hours, thendeclined with longer expression times.
The Nucleus January 2018 9
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Figure 2: Protein Expression (A) Expression of insoluble rbUb inBL21(DE3) cells. Expected MW: 47.5 kDa. Top: Coomassie stained gel,Bottom: Anti-HA WB. (B) Expression of rbUb in the soluble fractions ofBL21(DE3) PLysS cells, Top: Coomassie stained gel, Bottom: Anti-HA WB.]
10 The Nucleus January 2018
Protein Purification:Using the N-terminal (His)6 tag added by pDEST17™, weaimed to purify each protein construct using immobilizedmetal affinity chromatography (IMAC).
We attempted purification using two nickel affinity columnmethods: a gravity flow column and a column for fast proteinliquid chromatography (FPLC). Initial attempts showed thegravity flow nickel column to have purer protein and higheryields. Continuing with this method, we optimized the lysis,wash, and elution conditions of the purification to remove asmany contaminants as possible without sacrificing proteinyield (Figure 3). High levels of protein have been continu-ously seen in the flow through from each affinity column,leading us to believe that the His tag is not properly exposedin the native protein structures of our protein constructs. Whilewe obtained pure enough samples to begin in vitro work andhave identified nonspecific bands, we are continually workingto optimize the purification for purer product.
Activation of rbUb by E1 In Vitro:The first step of a UPS cascade is the ATP-dependent ac-
tivation of ubiquitin by an E1 enzyme, forming a reduciblethioester linkage between an active site cysteine and the C-terminus of ubiquitin. Before testing the targeted chargingsteps of tCUbE, we wanted to ensure that the fused intein andbinding domain would not interfere with the recognition oractivation of rbUb. UbE1 is the ubiquitin-activating enzymefor most UPS cascades in humans, so we purchased active,His-tagged, recombinant UbE1 to test with rbUb.
The active E1~rbUb complex can be observed as the ap-pearance of a high molecular weight band only when ATP isincluded in the reaction and the gel is run under non-reducing
conditions (Figure 4). While the band appears higher than themolecular weight that we expected, both the dependence onATP and non-reducing conditions combined with the observeddecrease in unreacted E1 and rbUb signal support our identi-fication of E1~rbUb. We predict that a different gel will betterresolve this high molecular weight protein complex.
Wild type ubiquitin has been shown to be fully activatedin 30 minutes in similar experiments, so we included a longertime point to see if the added domains slowed this reaction.10Interestingly, we observed the most active E1~rbUb signalafter 30 minutes, decreasing slightly in two hours. Further ex-periments will be done to test the competition between wildtype ubiquitin and rbUb in E1 activation, as both will be pres-ent in the cellular environment, and background ubiquitintransfer can potentially interfere with tCUbE.
Transfer of rbUb to E2 in vitro:After activating ubiquitin, E1 enzymes recognize multi-
ple E2 enzymes and transfer ubiquitin to another active sitecysteine through a transthioesterification reaction. To assessthis step, we included our E2 construct with the activatedE1~rbUb complex. This also allows for the analysis of thesplicing functionality induced by proximity, rather than Ra-palog treatment. We observed a decrease in the high molecularweight signal from the E1 activation, as well as the appearanceof a band at the molecular weight of the post-splicingrbUb~E2 complex under only non-reducing conditions. Whilethe FRB-FKBP extein fragment was not observed, additionalexperiments are underway to confirm the identity of therbUb~E2 complex and test the splicing functionality by Ra-palog treatment.Conclusion:Here we present the design, expression, and purification, andinitial in vitro testing of protein constructs used tCUbE, a new
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Figure 3: Protein Purification (A) Analysis of early protein purification ofE2 construct by gravity flow IMAC. Expected MW: 40 kDa. Top:coomassie stained gel, Bottom: Anti-FLAG WB. (B) Purified protein con-structs during optimization process. Top: coomassie stained gel, Middle:Anti-HA WB, Bottom: Anti-FLAG WB]
Figure 4: Initial In Vitro work (A) Overview of initial steps of the UPS andtCUbE. (B) rbUb activation by E1. Anti-His tag WB, with higher exposureinlay. High molecular weight bands, in addition to a decrease in E1 (121kDa) and rbUb (47.5 kDa) are observed with ATP under non-reducingconditions. (C) rbUb transfer to E2. Anti-His tag WB, with higher exposureinlay. Spliced E2-rbUb appears under non-reducing conditions at 60 kDa.]
The Nucleus January 2018 11
tool to study the UPS. We have screened expression condi-tions to optimize expression, and used IMAC to purify ourubiquitin and E2 constructs. Initial results have showed thatour rbUb can be activated by recombinant E1, and can betransferred to our E2 construct. Moving forward, additionalin vitro experiments will be run to demonstrate conditionalprotein splicing by Rapalog, transfer to E3 and target proteins,and finally competition between rbUb and wtUb. We will alsoexpress and purify the mutated constructs for additional con-trol experiments.
By confirming and characterizing the functionality ofeach step of tCUbE in vitro, we will be better able to interpretand support our results in vivo. The development of tCUbEwill provide us with a powerful new tool to study ubiquitina-tion cascades in living cells. By connecting ubiquinated prod-ucts with the activity of specific E2 enzymes, we will betterunderstand the regulation of vital cellular processes, as wellas uncover new opportunities for drug development targetingmany cancers and chronic diseases.Methods:Cloning:All plasmids were prepared using Gateway™ cloning, andlisted protocols. Entry clones were generated in the donorpDONR221 from either attB flanked PCR fragments or ex-pression clones. attB recombination sites were added by PCRusing specially designed primers and Phusion© DNA poly-merase. Expression clones were generated in the destinationvector pDEST17. PCR Site Directed Mutagenesis:All mutations were created in expression clones using theQuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit™ according toprovided protocols, and primers designed according to givenguidelines. Protein Expression:50 ng of plasmid was transformed into each cell line accordingto the given protocol, and plated on agar plates with Ampi-cillin for all cell lines except for Bl21(DE3)PLysS, which re-quired Ampicillin & Chloroamphenicol. 5 mL cultures forpilot expressions and 1L cultures for full-scale expressionswere grown in LB with the appropriate antibiotics. Cultureswere grown until an OD of 0.5 – 0.6, then induced with IPTGand moved to the desired induction temperature. All cultureswere spun down and frozen at -20 °C until lysis. Cells pelletswere thawed on ice, resuspended in 50 mM phosphate bufferwith 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, ½ Pierce™ Protease In-hibitor Tablet, and Benzonase™ Nuclease. Samples werelysed by 10 minutes sonication (15s on, 15s off).Gravity Flow Affinity Purification: Bacterial pellets were lysed as described above and clearedby centrifugation. 20 mM imidazole was added directly to thesupernatant. 10 mL of binding buffer (20 mM sodium phos-phate, 500 mM NaCl, 20 mM imidazole, pH 7.5) was used to
equilibrate the column (GE Healthcare His GraviTrap™) thenthe lysate was applied to the column. 10 x 10 mL wash buffer(binding buffer with 65 mM imidazole) was used to wash thecolumn, then 2.5 mL elution buffer (binding buffer with 500mM imidazole) was used to elute bound protein. A GE Health-care Nap25™ column was equilibrated with 5 x 5 mL 50 mMTris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.5. The eluate from the HisGraviTrap column was applied to the Nap25 column. 3.5 mLequilibration buffer was used to elute the purified protein,which was quantified by Bradford Assay, 5% glycerol wasadded, then samples were aliquoted and flash frozen.In Vitro Assays:Protein samples were thawed on ice. E1 activation experi-ments were run in 50 mM Tris-HCl with 300 mM NaCl, using0.25 µM E1, 2-4 µM rbUb, 0.5 mM DTT, 5 mM ATP, 10 mMMgCl2 and incubated at 37 °C for 30 – 120 minutes. E2 trans-fer experiments were run with the above conditions plus 2 µME2. Reactions were quenched with SDS-PAGE loading dye,with or without DTT. SDS-PAGE & Western Blotting: Samples were boiled at 95°C for 5 minutes, then centrifugedfor 2 minutes. Samples were loaded onto BioRad Mini-Pro-tean TGX™ any kD gels, and run for 35 minutes at 200 V.For Coomassie staining, gels were exposed to Coomassie bluefor 1 hour to overnight, then destained until minimal back-ground was left. These were imaged on a ChemiDoc XRS+system. For western blotting, gels were transferred onto PVDFmembranes at 4 °C for 1 hour at 100 V. Membranes wereblocked in 5% milk in TBST, then all primary antibodies wereadded to a final concentration of 1:1000 and incubated at 4°C overnight. Membranes were washed 3 x 5 min with TBST.Secondary antibody, either anti-Mouse IgG or anti-Rabbit IgGwas added to a final concentration of 1:2000 and incubated atroom temperature for 1-2 hours. Membranes were washed 3x 5 min with TBST, then exposed to BioRad Clarity MaxWestern ECL Blotting Substrates™, then imaged on a Chemi-Doc XRS+ system.References:1. The Ubiquitin Code. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 81, 203–229(2012).
2. Bedford, L., Lowe, J., Dick, L.R., Mayer, R.J. &Brownell, J.E. Ubiquitin-like protein conjugation and theubiquitin–proteasome system as drug targets. Nat. Rev.Drug Discov. 10, 29–46 (2011).
3. Weathington, N.M. & Mallampalli, R.K. Emerging thera-pies targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system in cancer.J. Clin. Invest. 124, 6–12 (2014).
4. Stewart, A.K. How Thalidomide Works Against Cancer.Science 343, 256–257 (2014).
5. David, Y., Ziv, T., Admon, A. & Navon, A. The E2 Ubiq-uitin-conjugating Enzymes Direct Polyubiquitination toPreferred Lysines. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 8595–8604(2010).
6. Wenzel, D.M., Stoll, K.E. & Klevit, R.E. E2s: Struc-turally Economical and Functionally Replete. Biochem.
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12 The Nucleus January 2018
Photos from the November MeetingBy Morton Z. Hoffman
Displaying their NESACS certificates of recognition: (l-r) Joshua Park,Harrison Wang, Steven Liu, Brendan Yap.
Sandy Hoffman (at left) with Anna Singer (NESACS Administrative Coor-dinator).
The 2017 U.S. Chemistry Olympiad Team: (l-r) Brendan Yap, Steven Liu,Harrison Wang, Joshua Park at the reception.
Joshua Park with Janice Compton, his chemistry teacher at LexingtonHigh School.
Timothy Haeg (at left) and Tony Hill. Robert Carter (University of Massachusetts Boston) speaks about his col-league, Marietta Schwartz.
The Nucleus January 2018 13
Ken Mattes (NESACS Archivist) presents thehistory of the James Flack Norris Award.
Norris Awardees: (l-r) Morton Hoffman (Boston University), 2005; MarcyTowns (Purdue University), 2017; Melanie Cooper (Michigan State Uni-versity), 2013.
Melanie Cooper (Michigan State University) in-troduces the Norris Awardee.
Presentation of the James Flack Norris Award for Outstanding Achieve-ment in the Teaching of Chemistry: (l-r) Mark Tebbe (Chair, NESACS Nor-ris Award Committee), Marcy Towns (Purdue University), Lee Johnson(NESACS Chair).
Celebrating the Hill Award: (l-r) Ruth Tanner (Acting Chair, NESACS Edu-cation Committee), Lee Johnson (NESACS Chair), Timothy Haeg (brotherof the Awardee, Marietta Schwartz), Dorothy Phillips (Chair, NESACSAwards Committee), Michael Filosa (Editor, The Nucleus), Michael Singer(NESACS Secretary).
(l-r) Chris Bauer (University of New Hampshire), Marcy Towns (PurdueUniversity), Melanie Cooper (Michigan State University), Tom Gilbert(Northeastern University).
Photos from the November MeetingContinued from page 12
Marcy Towns (Purdue University) gives the Nor-ris Award Address, "Improving Student Hands-on Laboratory Skills Through Digital Badging.”
14 The Nucleus January 2018
D I R E C T O R Y
J. 433, 31–42 (2010).7. Mootz, H.D. & Muir, T.W. ProteinSplicing Triggered by a Small Mol-ecule. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124,9044–9045 (2002).
8. Mootz, H.D., Blum, E.S.,Tyszkiewicz, A.B. & Muir, T.W.Conditional Protein Splicing: ANew Tool to Control Protein Struc-ture and Function in Vitro and inVivo. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125,10561–10569 (2003).
9. Honda, R., Tanaka, H. & Yasuda, H.Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitinligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53.FEBS Lett. 420, 25–27 (1997).
10. Mulder, M. P. C. et al.A cascadingactivity-based probe sequentiallytargets E1-E2-E3 ubiquitin en-zymes. Nat. Chem. Biol. 12, 523–530 (2016). u
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Sloan Foundation Fellow, National Sci-ence Foundation CAREER Fellow, andthe ACS-ExxonMobil Faculty Award inSolid State Chemistry. u
BiographyContinued from page 5
• The Board also held a discussion withofficers and members of the board ofdirectors of the National Organizationfor the Professional Advancement ofBlack Chemists and Chemical Engi-neers (NOBCChE) on what gover-nance participation might look like atthe organizations’ annual meetings,possible meetings between ACS andNOBCChE at the ACS Leadership In-stitute, dual membership between bothorganizations, strategic alliances ofstudent chapters at the local sectionand regional levels, and ACS Boardparticipation at NOBCChE AnnualConferences.The Board’s Regular SessionThe Board held a well-attended regularsession which featured a discussion onthe role ACS and its members play inadvocating for adoption of importantpublic policy priorities to foster scien-tific advancement and innovation. Mr.Glenn Ruskin, Director, External Affairs& Communications in the Office of theSecretary and General Counsel, and Mr.Anthony Pitagno, Director of Govern-ment Affairs and Outreach, External Af-fairs & Communications, spoke aboutthe critically important role federal in-vestment in basic research plays in driv-ing U.S. innovation, job creation andeconomic growth. A question and an-swer session followed the presentation,first with the presenters, and then withthe Board for general concerns and com-ments.Prior to the presentation, members of thepresidential succession and the Execu-tive Director and CEO offered brief re-ports on their activities. The officersprovided more extensive reports on theiractivities and/or future plans as part oftheir written and oral reports to theCouncil.Councilor Talking Points is produced bythe Office of Secretary & General Coun-sel.Permission is granted to distribute inwhole or part. Please direct all comments and ques-tions to: [email protected] u
ACS Meeting 2017Continued from page 7
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The Nucleus January 2018 15
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Check the NESACS home pagefor late Calendar additions:http://www.NESACS.orgNote also the Chemistry Department webpages for travel directions and updates.These include:http://www.bc.edu/schools/cas/chemistry/s
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January 18Prof. Richard Anderson (University of Wiscon-sin)WPI, Gateway Park Room 100212:00 noon
January 22Dr. Lisa Olshansky (UCal-Irvine)“Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Naturaland Artificial Metalloproteins” MIT, Room 4-2704:00 pmProf. Bjoern Reinhard (Boston University)Boston College, Merkert 1304:00 pm
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Announcingthe Vote January 11, 2018
The NESACS Board of Directors in-vites all members of the AmericanChemical Society from the NortheasternSection (NESACS) to attend our 2017NESACS Annual Meeting at Nova Bio-medical in Waltham, MA on January11th in order to discuss and vote on the2017 Revised Bylaws for the Northeast-ern Section of the American ChemicalSociety. We have undertaken the revi-sion of our bylaws to enable electronicvoting, change some of the vocabularyused, modernize, and comply with therecommendations from the Committeeon Constitution and Bylaws from theAmerican Chemical Society.
Please see the November 2017issue of The Nucleus and refer to thewebsite (www.nesacs.org) for the pro-posed version of the NESACS Bylaws(2017) for consideration as well as ourpast version of our Constitution and By-laws (1998).
If you have any questions, pleasecontact Leland Johnson ([email protected]). u