japan – renewed emphasis · japan – renewed emphasis . hiroshi asanuma. leader, geothermal team...
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Japan – Renewed Emphasis
Hiroshi Asanuma
Leader, Geothermal Team Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute (FREA),
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
GRC Annual Mtg., 2017, Salt Lake City
Potential of hydrothermal resources (Stefansson(2012))
3,270
3,650
5,800
6,000
6,000
23,470
27,790
30,000
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
Italy
NZ
Iceland
Phillipines
Mexico
Japan
Indonesia
USA
[MW]
Composition of electrical source in JPN (FEPC(2015))
LNG
Coal
Oil
Hydro Renewables
Nuclear Geothermal (0.2%)
Obstructive factors of geothermal development in Japan
3. Cost High initial cost and long lead time prevent private sectors to invest to geothermal developments.
1. National Parks (“no drillings, no exploration, no researches” policy) 80% of the geothermal energy in Japan exist inside national parks where no exploitation had been allowed.
2. Hot springs Some of the owners of hot spring make strong campaign against geothermal development in afraid of degradation of the springs.
4. Size of hydrothermal systems Power generation around 20-30 MW is the most suitable from sustainability (~30years) point of view in Japan.
5. Reservoir management Some of the operators find difficulties in prevention of scale deposition, maintenance of sustainability and treatment of acid fluid.
Obstructive factors of geothermal development in Japan
METI
Type Capacity etc. Price (JPY/kWh) Effective period
PV ~10kW 25~30+TAX 10years 10kW~2MW 21+TAX 20years
Wind ~20kW 55+TAX 20years 20kW~ 18+TAX 20years Offshore 36+TAX 20years
Geothermal ~15MW 40+TAX 15years 15MW~ 26+TAX 15years Replace 15MW~ (all the facilities) 20+TAX 15years Replace 15MW~ (surface facilities) 12+TAX 15years
Hydro 200kW~1MW 29+TAX 20years 1MW~30MW 20~27+TAX 20years
Hydro(existing waterline) 200kW~1MW 21+TAX 20years 1MW~30MW 12~15+TAX 20years
Biomass Wood biomass 21+TAX 20years Construction waste 13+TAX 20years General waste and other biomass 17+TAX 20years
FIT in Japan (started in 2012) 1JPY=0.9¢
Geothermal power stations in Japan (in the end of 2016)
Mori 25MW
Onuma 9.5MW
Sumikawa 50MW Matsukawa
23.5MW
Kakkonda 50+30MW
Yanaizu- Nishiyama 30MW
Hachijojima 3.3MW
Uenotai 28.8MW
Yamakawa 30MW
Ogiri 30MW
Otake 12.5MW
Kirishima Kokusai Htl 0.1MW
Takigami 25MW
Suginoi 3MW
Kuju 0.9MW Hatchobaru 55+55+2MW
Shichimi Spring 0.02MW
Abo Tunnel 0.003MW Yumura Spring 0.03MW
Beppu Spring 0.5MW Goto-en 0.09MW
LEGEND
1 MW≦ 10MW≦
< 1MW
Onikobe 12.5MW
40 power plants(518MW)
2014
2014 2013
2014
2014
• 12 areas, 14 units 10MW~ • 3 + 1 units 1MW~10MW • 22 units ~1MW
On-going projects • 19 PJs 10MW~ • 7 PJs 1MW~10MW • 18 PJs ~1MW
Toya-ko Spring 0.07MW 2017
Tsuchiyu Spring 0.2 MW 2015
Hotel Sunvalley 0.02 MW
2016
Obama Spring 0.14MW 2015 Oguni Waita 2MW Oguni Matsuya 0.06 MW
History of geothermal power generation and government fund
Capa
city
(M
W)
Fund
for
R&
D (
Billi
on Y
en)
Fund Capacity
NEDO TSC (2016)
Funding scheme in Japan
METI
METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry ANRE: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy JOGMEC: Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation NEDO: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization MOE: Ministry of the Environment MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology JSPS: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
ANRE MEXT
JSPS JOGMEC NEDO
Academia Industry
KAKEN HI
Basic scientific study
Subsurface issue
Surface issue JPN/US
Joint Research
FS of innovative technologies
MOE
Environ-mental issue
-R&D -Exploration -Loan guarantee
On-going large government-funded geothermal projects
FA Title Period No. of PJ
Budget (USD)
NEDO Research and Development of Geothermal Power Generation Technology
2013-2017 18 50 MM
Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies/Development of next-generation technologies of geothermal power generation
2014-2017 3 6 MM
JOGMEC Technology for exploration of geothermal reservoirs 2013-2017 1 17MM
Technology to evaluate and manage geothermal reservoirs
2013-2017 1 15 MM
METI International Joint Research Program for Innovative energy Technology
2015-2019 2 3.5 MM
MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Specially Promoted Research
2013-2017 1 4 MM
FY30 (2018.4.1~2019.3.31) METI budget request 24MM USD (a) Exploration technologies (b) Drilling technologies (bit and rig) (c) Reservoir management and control (EGS) (d) High performance power generation system (e) Development of supercritical geothermal system (preparation of drilling of a proof-of-concept borehole)
JOGMEC: Technology to evaluate and manage geothermal reservoirs Outline of projects
- Development of a manual for EGS operation (recharge injection type) through experimental study at Yanaizu-Nishiyama (Oku-aizu geothermal area)
Location : Fukushima PrefectureOperator :(Power generator) Tohoku Electric Power Co.,Inc.
(Steam supplier) Okuaizu Geothermal Co.,Ltd.Installed Capacity : 65MWOperation start : May 1995
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
Produced Energy (MWh)
Tokyo
Fukushima
YanaizunishiyamaGeothermal Plant
Aizuwakamatsu
High temperature region
Legend
Production well
Injection well
Suspended well
Estimated fault(-1000m)
Feed points
Superheated region
Acidification region
Chinoikezawa fault
ChinoikezawaFoot wall fault
Chinoikezawa Hanging wall fault
Chinoikezawa southeast fault
Sarukurazawa faultTakiyagawa fault
37℃
34℃
45℃
22℃
Superheatedregion
Acidificationregion
10T Pad
JOGMEC: Technology to evaluate and manage geothermal reservoirs Outline of projects
PowerPlant
ProductionWell
InjectionWell
GeothermalReservoir
Magma Body
RechargeWell
Oku-aizu Geothermal Area
JOGMEC: Development of PDC bit for geothermal wells Outline of projects
(a) Development of PDC cutter (diamond composite) (b) Design of bit face (location of cutter, liquid flow ) (c) Manufacture of prototypes (d) Field test
NEDO: Research and Development of Geothermal Power Generation Technology
Outline of projects
- 4 subtasks (a) Environmentally-friendly and high-functioning power generation system (b) Small binary system for low enthalpy geothermal resources (c) Environment conservation technologies for power plant (d) Innovative technologies
- Focus on “scale problem” (10 projects among 17 projects)
Simulator of H2S diffusion (CRIEPI)
NEDO interim appraisal document (2017)
Monitoring system of hot springs (Onsen) (AIST)
NEDO: Research and Development of Geothermal Power Generation Technology
Outline of projects
Hybrid cycle power generation system (Toshiba) Design of power plant with “ecological landscape” concept (SHIMZU, Sight and Landscape Design Institute, Hosei U.)
Flash cycle
Binary cycle
NEDO interim appraisal document (2017)
NEDO: Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies/Development of next-generation technologies of geothermal power generation
Outline of projects
- Investigation of innovative technologies which has potential to drastically increase geothermal power generation after 2030
- Focused study on core technologies - Planning of following national projects toward 2030 - Five projects have been funded (1-2 years, 0.8$ MM/year)
(a) Cutting-edge study to develop subduction-origin supercritical geothermal resources (FY2015-2016)
(b) Development of innovative technologies to dramatically increase the capacity of geothermal power generation by preventing injectivity decrease of wells and utilizing acidic geothermal fluids (FY2015-2016)
(c) Research of a Multi-beam laser surface treatment for ultra corrosion-resistant turbine to realize the hot dry rock geothermal power generation (FY2015-2016)
(d) Feasibility study of laser drilling under supercritical conditions (FY2016-2017) (e) Innovative drilling technologies for supercritical geothermal development (FY2015-
2017)
NEDO: Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies/Development of next-generation technologies of geothermal power generation
Outline of projects
Development of subduction-origin supercritical geothermal resources (AIST, Fuji Electronics, Geo-E and Tohoku U.)
NESTI2050 (CAO)
Roadmap of supercritical geothermal development by CAO/METI 2018 2020 2030 2050
Investigation of technological feasibility of reservoir creation and extraction of thermal energy
Detailed feasibility study
Preparation of exploratory drilling
Exploratory drilling
Evaluation and preparation of demonstration
Demonstration experiment
Commercializa tion
① Understanding of the state of supercritical geothermal reservoir, and evaluation of electric power potential
② Evaluation of the materials and equipment necessary for supercritical geothermal power generation
③ Development and economical evaluations of supercritical geothermal power generation systems
④ Evaluation of methods for minimizing environmental impact and ensuring safety
Investigation of technological feasibility of new materials and tools
Investigation of economical feasibility supercritical geothermal power generation
Investigation on minimization of environmental burden and ensuring safety
Engineering/ economical feasibility
Point of evaluation
*Preparation of equipment
*Determination of drill site
*Drilling plan
Preparation of new material and equipment for exploratory borehole
*Evaluation methodology of environmental burden
*HSE management
Equipment, safety,and consensus
*Presence of supercritical resources
*Estimation of amount of energy
*Experiments in borehole
*Determination of Spec. of materials and equipment
High quality data
Performance for demonstration
*Experimental facility *Downhole tools and
monitoring system *Simulator
*New materials *New tools
*Design of power generation system
*Engineering investigation for commercial power generation
*Demonstration of power generation
*Pilot plant *Sustainability
Evaluation of environmental burden
Commercial technology
*Super-borehole (~×5)
*20-30
years of power genera-tion
*Economy
(<10C/kWh)
*Large
national-wide potential (>100GW)
Partners of “Super-critical Project” (JBBP)
Leading institute
Academia
Industry
MEXT: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Specially Promoted Research Outline of projects
- “Science and Technology of Geothermal Energy Frontier” (Tohoku University and AIST) is on-going
- Basic study to understand response of rock mass to liquid injection in brittle-ductile transition zone.
Tohoku University Tohoku University Team
450˚C 570˚C 500˚C 400˚C
70~100˚C
MEXT: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Specially Promoted Research Outline of projects
Science and Technology of Geothermal Energy Frontier
Watanabe et al. (2016)
Summary Japanese geothermal research and development
- Re-activated after tragedy of March 11, 2011 - High expectation of the government to satisfy base-load energy demand in
2030 - A number of difficulties/restrictions unique in Japan (a) Coexistence with hot springs (b) Social acceptance (c) Lack in human resources both in academia and industry (d) Lost knowledge/know-hows after 10 years of interruption - R&D in both short and long range view
(a) High resolution exploration/monitoring technologies (b) EGS(recharge injection type) (c) High performance binary/hybrid system (d) Scale prevention/removal technologies (e) Environmentally friendly design technologies (f) Development of supercritical geothermal resources
- Importance of international collaboration