Japan and CGIAR: Partnering for Impact

Jonathan Wadsworth, Head of the CGIAR Fund Office

Food Security

Yet 75% of these people live in rural areas—they are mostly farmers

870 million people are chronically undernourished

Inadequate technology and outdated agricultural practices

limit farmers’ potential

Importance of Food Security

0

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1,800

2,100

2,400

2,700

3,000

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Tota

l P

op

ula

tio

n (

Bill

ion

s)

World Population

Total A

rable

Land

(He

ctares)

Arable Land

Food is one of our most basic human needs, and rapid population

growth has increased global demand - but the increase in total

arable land worldwide has been minimal

Estimated 9 billion in 2050,

which will require 70%

additional food production

Feeding the world will increasingly depend upon more

efficient use of available resources

7 billion people in 2010

And the greatest opportunities are in developing countries

Developing World Focus

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2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Global Agricultural Land vs. Cereal Yield2009 & 2010 World Bank Data

E. Asia &

Pacific

Europe &

Central Asia

Latin

America &

Caribbean

North

America

Middle

East & N.

Africa

South

Asia

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l L

an

d (

mil

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m2)

Ce

rea

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ld (k

g p

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tare

)

Sub-

Saharan

Africa

ON)

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

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CGIAR is uniquely positioned to sustainably reduce poverty & hunger:

Only global agricultural research body producing top-level science to meet needs

of poor smallholder farmers in developing countries

Research results are global public goods, freely available to all

Global leader on agriculture & climate change research

Proven track record of large-scale development impacts

Focus on gender, partnerships & capacity building ensures that research results

benefit and empower poor farmers & women

Research & Innovation by CGIAR Is Vital to

Feeding the World & Protecting the Planet

CGIAR: Generating World-Class Science &

Technology for Major Development Impact

A world without CGIAR: A study by Evenson and Gollin shows:

Developing countries would be producing

7-8% less food

Up to 13 million more hectares would be

under cultivation, significantly increasing

GHG emissions & global warming

Per capita food consumption in the

developing world would be 5% lower

13-15 million more children would be

malnourished

Scuba rice survives under water for 2 weeks+ during major

flooding with a yield advantage of 1-3 tons/ha; private sector

partnerships led to unprecedented adoption rates

New sorghum varieties increased average grain & fodder yields

by 40% & 20% respectively, leading to 50% rise in smallholders’ incomes

“Super Tilapia” has increased fish yields by up to 80% in Asian

countries, significantly improving incomes & nutrition of the poor

Drought-tolerant maize has increased farmers’ yields by 20-30%,

benefiting 20 million people in 13 African countries

Biofortified orange sweet potato greatly

increased vitamin A intake of women &

children in Uganda & Mozambique to improve

nutrition & health

CGIAR’s Proven Track Record over 40+ Years: Agricultural R&D for the Benefit of the Poor

Value for Money: CGIAR Research Is Extremely Cost-Effective

For each $1 invested, at least $17

worth of additional food is produced

in developing countries

Crop improvement research,

rates of return:

• Latin America = 39%

• Asia and the Middle East &

North Africa = over 100%

Overall economic benefits of

CGIAR—conservatively estimated at

$14 billion—far surpass investments

Spending on agricultural research offers high rates of return of about

40% – 60%; higher than any other development investment

CGIAR Research:

Returns on investment

Internal challenges

Lack of CGIAR-wide priorities & strategy

Duplication of research and fragmentation of funding

Need for stronger governance and greater accountability

Getting research results “off the shelf” and into the hands of

those who need them most

External challenges

Increasing global population & urbanization

Rising costs for food, feed & fuel

Worsening water scarcity, land degradation,

and climate change

Underinvestment in agricultural research for

the public good

Need for a New Approach to Achieve

Bigger and Better Impact

Legally binding performance contracts link funding to

results to ensure CRPs deliver impact

Rigorous M&E, including Independent Evaluation

Arrangement to assess CRPs’ progress & results

System-wide and CRP gender strategies ensure that

research benefits and empowers poor rural women

First-ever Intellectual Assets Policy harnesses the

strength of all partners, including the private sector, to

disseminate technologies with greater speed and scale

CGIAR Research Programs:Value for Money

Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security: Climate-Smart Villages are piloting technologies and innovations to help farmers

adapt to climate change, build resilience and reduce GHG emissions, while

increasing incomes & food security.

Forests, Trees and Agroforestry:In West Africa, CGIAR has partnered with Mars Inc. to improve farmers’

livelihoods by developing improved cocoa varieties that yield up to four times

more, securing markets for agroforestry products, and quantifying the potential

of trees on farms for climate change adaptation & mitigation.

Agriculture for Nutrition and Health: Farmers are growing nutrient-rich, “climate proof” crops (e.g., vitamin A maize in

Zambia and iron-rich pearl millet in India) that are drought or heat tolerant, virus

resistant & high yielding.

CGIAR Research Programs:Benefits & Impact

Partnership Outcomes:The results of the collaboration

Collaborative work has evolved over

the years spanning a variety of

research topics.

Research has demonstrated that

improved rice technology has

significantly impacted poverty in

amongst marginal farmers.

Work is shifting towards improved

breeding and varieties that are able to

better withstand increasingly

challenging conditions being caused by

climate change. Some examples are:Climate Change Adaptation in Rainfed Rice

Areas (CCARA)

Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP)

Japan’s support to CGIAR has been

strategically focused on rice. This makes

sense from a food security point of view:

approximately 3 billion people depend on

rice as their staple food.

As a long term partner of IRRI, Japan has

provided well over $90 million in financial

support since 1971, with continuous

representation on the IRRI Board of

Directors

Japan’s partnership is multidimensional,

involving a variety of Government

institutions, including the MAFF, MOFA,

MOF, JIRCAS & JICA

Partnership for Results:Japanese Support in the Rice Sector

Projects focused on increasing agricultural productivity and

production: food yams in Africa and the introduction of appropriate

cowpea varieties are examples

Strategic Partnership:MAFF - AFFRC priorities and support

Addressing climate change issues, such

as the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in

Irrigated Rice Paddies (MIRSA-2)

working across Asia to save water and

mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases

Again, as other Japanese partners,

MAFF works with a variety of different

CGIAR centers, including IWMI, IRRI,

ICRISAT, IITA and AfricaRice

The Japan Rice Breeding Project

JRB is an innovative project,

supported by the Policy &

Human Resources

Development Fund (PHRD)

Focused on modernizing

breeding programs at IRRI and

AfricaRice

Helping to develop new

varieties that meet the needs of

the poorest rice farmers and

consumers in the world

The Japan Rice Breeding Project:The results thus far

Through JRB, 5 improved varieties have been introduced in

Burundi, Mozambique & Tanzania

88 new stress-tolerant varieties have been developed for

Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar & the

Philippines

Rice breeding infrastructure has been

upgraded at both IRRI and AfricaRice;

this makes it possible for CGIAR

scientists and researchers to map traits

in rice varieties far quicker than before

JICA, along with AGRA, has taken the lead

in developing the Coalition for African

Rice Development (CARD)

Season-Long Rice Farming Extension

Program organized by JICA in

collaboration with IRRI and PhilRice

JICA, in collaboration with JST, supports a

SATREPS research project on the

expansion of rice production in Columbia

that is being implemented by CIAT

JICA Research Institute collaboration with

IFPRI

Strategic Partnership:JICA Support for CGIAR

IRRI is working in partnership with Japan

on molecular breeding techniques to

develop high yielding varieties under

unfavorable conditions based on work

carried out with JIRCAS and RIKEN

The Climate Change Adaptation in Rainfed

Rice Areas (CCARA) is being developed

with JIRCAS and JAMSTEC support

JIRCAS and JICA are also founding

members of Global Rice Science

Partnership (GRiSP)

Japan-CGIAR Fellowship Program

Strategic Partnership:JIRCAS Support for CGIAR

TICAD V:

CGIAR commitments

The 5th Tokyo International Conference on African Development

took place in June 2013 and focused on “accelerating growth”

while addressing poverty/vulnerability reduction

Most pertinent for CGIAR, TICAD V also highlighted the

importance of the agricultural sector for economic

development and food security

To the credit of participants, a specific focus on small scale

farmers and women is highlighted both in terms of the priorities

and the results framework

CGIAR centers were implicated and have been included in the

results framework

Next Steps:Seizing Opportunities for Continuous Improvement

Governance reforms: governance and management improvements will be

made to the CGIAR system over the coming 18 months, helping to better

align the system with the forthcoming 2nd generation of CRPs.

New SRF: A new SRF is being finalized based on Fund Council comments.

This new SRF will sharpen the CGIAR’s focus and sets out an ambitious

research agenda for the system.

CRP 2nd call: Based on the agenda being outlined in the SRF, a CRP 2nd call

will be launched in the immediate future for a new generation of hard-hitting

CRPs that will be developed in 2015-2016 for start-up in 2017.

Revised CGIAR-wide resource mobilization approach to increase

coordination, coherence & funding opportunities and deliver up-front

commitments to ensure financial stability and predictability.

Next Steps:The Strategy and Results Framework (SRF)

2016 – 2030 SRF: the new SRF will guide the development and

implementation of an ambitious and bold portfolio of 2nd generation CRPs

Strategic goals: (i) reduced poverty; (ii) improved food and nutrition

security for health; and (iii) improved natural resource systems and

ecosystem services

Ambitious strategic targets: (i) 100 million fewer poor people; (ii)150 million

fewer hungry people; and (iii)190 million ha of degraded land restored

Gender focus: strategic targets all aim to ensure that at least 50% of targeted

population is female

Thank you