japan’s research needs to go global · econometrics and finance business, management &...

Japan’s research needs to go Global

Executive Vice President, The University of Tokyo

Prof. Yoichiro Matsumoto

Today’s Topics

•Recent situation in Japanese Universities • Publication of Papers

• Mobility of researchers

• Budget

• Active and Competitive Research Area

•Why is international collaboration in research important ?

•The challenges facing Japanese research institutions

-Strategic Competition and Collaboration-

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• Japan has shown a lower growth in the publication of papers compared to other countries.

Number of Paper

All Fields

Country 1999-2001 (Average)

2009-2011 (Average)

Growth rate

USA 240,912 308,745 28%

China 30,125 138,457 360%

Germany 67,484 86,321 28%

UK 70,411 84,978 21%

France 49,395 63,160 28%

Japan 73,844 76,149 3%

World 776,548 1,151,176 48%

Numbers adjusted for Top 10% Papers

All Fields


2009-2011 (Average)

Growth rate

USA 37,168 46,972 26%

China 1,911 11,873 521%

Germany 7,685 12,942 68%

UK 8,644 13,540 57%

France 5,380 8,673 61%

Japan 5,764 6,691 16%

World 75,997 114,683 51%

Numbers adjusted for Top 1% Papers

All Fields


2009-2011 (Average)

Growth rate

USA 4,464 5,705 28%

China 145 1,148 692%

Germany 768 1,532 99%

UK 956 1,715 79%

France 512 1,021 99%

Japan 484 671 39%

World 7,600 11,468 51%

Quantity Quality

*article, letter, note, review extracted from Web of Science （Thomson Reuters）

Source: Benchmarking Scientific Research 2012, NISTEP, 2013

Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Publication of Papers)

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• The ratio of internationally co-authored papers has seen an upward trend in the world recently. Unfortunately, the increase of internationally co-authored papers in Japan is not enough.

The ratio of internationally co-authored papers The number of internationally co-authored papers

1999-2001 2009-2011 2009-2011 (Average) Two Countries More than

three countries Two Countries More than

three countries

Japan 18.4 14.9 3.5 26.4

(+8.0) 19.2 7.2 20,127

UK 34.7 25.4 9.3 52.4

(+17.7) 32.2 20.3 44,537

Germany 38.3 27.6 10.7 51.2

(+12.8) 31.6 19.6 44,162

France 39.3 28.2 11.1 52.4

(+13.1) 31.9 20.4 33,084

USA 23.6 19.0 4.6 33.4

(+9.8) 24.6 8.7 103,037

China 23.6 20.0 3.7 23.7

(+0.1) 19.5 4.2 32,833

The ratio and the number of internationally co-authored papers

*article, letter, note, review extracted from Web of Science （Thomson Reuters） Source: Benchmarking Scientific Research 2012, NISTEP, 2013

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CHINESE ACAD SCI


Number of Paper Number of Citation

Number of Paper Number of Citation Citation / Paper

Source: UTokyo calculations based on Essential Science Indicators, Thomson Reuters, Updated date September 2012

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Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Mobility of researchers)

Transitions in the Number of Researchers Working Abroad by Their Duration of Stay (Short-term, Mid-term/Long-term)

Notes: 1. In this survey, “Mid-term/long-term” refers to a period of more than 30 days and “short-term” refers to a period of 30 days or less. 2. Post-doctorates, etc. have been included in the numbers since FY 2008.

Source: “Survey on International Research Exchanges” (June 2013) ,MEXT

• The numbers of mid-term/long-term stays for researchers working abroad have remained at low levels.

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Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Mobility of researchers)

International mobility network, 1996-2011 Counts of bilateral flows, by first and last affiliation

*OECD calculations based on Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, version 5.2012, June 2013.

Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013 6

•Japanese Universities have suffered a long term budget cut for ordinary operations lasting more than 10 years. •The ratio of competitive funds have increased rapidly. •We must change ourselves towards strategic thinking and planning for research, its funding and sustainability.

Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Budget)

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Science and technology budget in Japan

18,152 19,209

20,226

21,347

22,663 23,585

24,995

28,105

30,026 30,322

31,567

32,860

34,685 35,444

35,974 36,084 35,779 35,743 35,113

35,708 35,639 35,890 36,647 36,926

35,752

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25


(In 100 million yen)

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 8

*OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators Database, www.oecd.org/sti/msti.htm, June 2013.


Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013

Recent R&D trends by sector of performance, 2007-11

Constant USD PPPs, index 2007=100

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*GERD : Gross domestic expenditure on R&D PPP : Purchasing power parity

• Tendency for external funds to influence research performance are more remarkable.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

external funds 246.5 274.4 289.4 315.0 335.0 341.0

other external funds 98.9 109.3 113.8 120.1 135.3 177.1

competitive funds 147.6 165.1 175.6 194.9 199.7 163.9

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Change of external funds （RU11）

competitive funds other external funds

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fundamental Cost 1,241.5 1,231.7 1,221.4 1,204.3 1,181.3 1,169.5 1,158.5 1,152.8 1,136.6

include RU11（National Univ. only） 459.6 459.7 454.5 441.7 436.6 431.8 422.4 418.7 412.1

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

1,080

1,100

1,120

1,140

1,160

1,180

1,200

1,220

1,240

1,260

Change of fundamental cost （RU11）

Fundamental Cost include RU11（National Univ. only）

fundamental cost & external funds（RU11） 1 ：0.54（2006） ⇒ 1 ：0.81（2011）

(In billion yen) (In billion yen)


10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Citations

Papers / Acad staff

Papers / Million resincome

Inst income / Acadstaff

Res income / Acadstaff

Res reputation - global

Normalized citationimpact

UNIV TOKYO

KAROLINSKA INST

ETH Zurich

UNIV CAMBRIDGE

UNIV OXFORD

Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Publication and Citation of Papers, Reputation, Income)

Source: InCites Institutional Profiles , Thomson Reuters, Updated date 2011

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A big wheel represents the world of science. Each circle indicates the research area in which the University of Tokyo has strength.

Medicine

Mathematics Computer Science Decision Sciences

Economics, Econometrics and

Finance

Business, Management & Accounting

Social Sciences

Psychology

Arts & Humanities

Neuroscience Dentistry

Nursing

Health Professions

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Veterinary

Immunology and Microbiology

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Environmental Science

Energy

Engineering

Materials Science

Research Area 1 Most active authors Tokura Y., Ueda Y., Nagaosa N. Key Word： spin;transition;lattices

Physics and Astronomy

Chemistry

Chemical Engineering

Research Area 3 Most active authors Tsukaya H., Fukumoto S., Miyazono K. Key Word ：Arabidopsis; Plants; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Earth and Planetary Sciences

Research Area 4 Most active authors Suga H., Yokoyama S., Ikegaya Y. Key Word ：Neurons; Animals; Synapses

Research Area 2 Most active authors Ishihara K., Kataoka K., Nishiyama N. Key Word ：Polymers; Micelles; Shewanella

Source:Elsevier SciVal Updated date 2013.12.5

Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Active and Competitive Research Area)

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Tsinghua University University of Tokyo National Univ. of Singapore

University of Oxford

Peking University

University of Cambridge Max Planck Inst. Berlin ETH Zurich

Recent situation in Japanese Universities (Active and Competitive Research Area)

Source : Elsevier SciVal Updated date 2014.2.24

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• Scientific output has grown rapidly and collaboration between institutions in different countries has intensified.

Why is international collaboration in research important ?


*OECD calculations based on Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, version 5.2012, June 2013.

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• International collaboration papers are likely to get more citation impact.

Source : Elsevier SciVal Year Range:2004 to 2013 Updated date 2014.2.24 15



16 Source : Elsevier SciVal Year Range:2004 to 2013 Updated date 2014.2.24


Co-authored Institution(EU) Country Co-authored publications

Co-authors at the University of Tokyo

Citations Citations per Publication

Field-Weighted Citation Impact

Max Planck Institutes - Bavaria Germany 729 590 17,437 23.9 3.96

INFN Italy 577 609 13,185 22.9 4.44

University of Oxford UK 499 667 15,543 31.1 6.61

H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics

Poland 497 496 9,414 18.9 4.17

Institute for High Energy Physics Russia 478 395 11,683 24.4 4.87

Co-authored Institution(Japan) Country Co-authored publications

Co-authors at the University of Tokyo

Citations Citations per Publication

Field-Weighted Citation Impact

Japan Science and Technology Agency Japan 3,884 4220 44,189 11.4 1.78

Riken Japan 3,312 3360 36,177 10.9 1.78

Kyoto University Japan 2,855 3452 29,439 10.3 1.94

Tohoku University Japan 2,229 2599 21,224 9.5 1.69

Osaka University Japan 2,035 2638 23,188 11.4 1.98


Institutions collaborating with the University of Tokyo 2009 to 2013

17 Source : Elsevier SciVal


International collaboration in science and innovation, 2007-11

Co-authorship and co-invention as a percentage of scientific publications and PCT patent applications

*OECD, Patent Database, June 2013; OECD and SCImago Research Group (CSIC), Compendium of Bibliometric Science Indicators 2014, based on Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, May 2013.


• Japan’s research has room to grow.

18

19


Japan Sweden Italy

Switzerland France Germany Spain

United Kingdom

Source : Elsevier SciVal Updated date 2014.2.24

• We need strategic competition and collaboration among Japanese research institutions for the management to increase their reputation and visibility globally.

• Each institution must be more competitive in human and institutional resources, research funds, facilities, student quality, educational performance, global openness, clear vision, efficiency of management and so on.

• Under those severe and open competition, we can make a win-win relations among the institutions, which is the collaboration.

• We need a long-term and bird-view thinking to enhance the sustainability of research and education activities in the institution.

• We do need a global collaboration.

The challenges facing Japanese research institutions -Strategic Competition and Collaboration-

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•Create sustainable environment for research institutions; Secure enough funds for research (Domestic) Get international R&D funds like Horizon 2020 (International) Enhance the mobility of researchers

•Boost international exchanges between European institutions and Japanese institutions

•Create Network of Networks between institutions to discuss our common problems and enhance our activity of research and education.

The challenges facing Japanese research institutions -Strategic Competition and Collaboration-

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Thank you for your attention

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