japanese dairy industry · japanese dairy industry toshio nomura former agriculture & livestock...
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Japanese Dairy Industry
Toshio NomuraFormer
Agriculture & Livestock Industries corporation
1
Overlook of this country
Hokkaido
To-fu-ken(Prefectures except for Hokkaido)
Item Japan
Area 377,914 km²
Climate Temperate monsoon
Rain fall 1,718 mm/year (1971-2000 Ave.)
Forest rate 68.2 %
Population 126.5 million
GDP 36,000 US$ /head
Exchange rate 1 USD=99JPY, 1 EURO=135 JPY
Fiscal year April to March (J.F.Y.)
2
Development of dairy industry
1868 ----- 1912 1954
Meiji Era High economicgrowth
Small commercial dairy farms and milk processors emerged
Dairy Development Act
RapidDevelopment
3
2013
Per capita consumption of staple food
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 11
Kg/yearRice
Milk & Milk products
Fish
Meat
Source : MAFF “Food supply and demand table”4
J.F.K
Note: Regarding the milk equivalent, method 1 (Bulletin of IDF 390) was applied for butterand cheese and method 4 were applied for SMP, WMP and whey powder withsome modification.
Milking at small farm (1933)
5Photo : Mainichi photo gallery
Jersey cows arrived from New Zealand (1953)
6Photo : Mainichi photo gallery
Collecting milk bucket (1955)
7Photo : Mainichi photo gallery
Children rush for free milk (1952)
8Photo : Mainichi photo gallery
Total supply of milk & milk products(milk equivalent)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1960 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 11
ImportProduction
Thou. tons
Source : MAFF “Food supply and demand table” 9
J.F.K
Note: Milk equivalent was calculated by the same method as page 4.
Total dairy farms and cows per farm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2013
Number of dairy farm (left)
Thou.
Average cows per farm (right)
Head/farm
Hokkaido
Average
To-fu-ken
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products” “Livestock statistics”
10
Total cows and milk yield per cow
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1960 70 80 90 00 12
Thou. head Kg/head/year
Number of cows (left)
Milk yield per cow (right)
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products” 11
Utilization of domestically produced milk
Butter, SMP, WMP23%
Cream17%
12
Drinking Milk53%
Cheese6%
2012 JFY
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products”
Other1%
Production of milk products
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
66 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 12
Tons
Butter
SMP
Cheese
Cream
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products” 13
Note : Production of cheese include processed cheese made from imported natural cheese
J.F.K
WMP
Import of milk products (2012 J.F.Y.)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
14
Cheese
Lactose
CaseinButter
SMP
Breakdown of cheese import
Natural cheesefor direct consumption 67%
Natural cheesefor processing 29%
Processed cheese 4%
Tons
Source : MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan” MAFF “Supply & demand situation of cheeseNote : Imported SMP for feed is not excluded
Other Milk Powder
Wholesale prices of milk products
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
15
Butter
SMP
WMP
Source : MAFF “Prices of major dairy products” Note : Consumption tax (5%) is included
¥/kg
Major milk processors
Milk processors Turnover(Billion Yen)
Note
Meiji Co., Ltd. 693.8
Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. 446.2
Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd 342.5
Yotsuba Milk Products Co., Ltd. 93.6 Cooperative
Takanashi milk products Co., Ltd 91.9
Gulico Ddiry Products Co., Ltd. 84.5
Source : Financial statements of the companies16
2012 JFY
Number of milk processing factories
050
100150200250300350400450
80 85 90 95 00 05 110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 85 90 95 00 05 11
Over 40 t/day
10～40 ｔ/day
2～10 ｔ/day
Drinking milk factories Milk products factories
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products, basic research” 17
Per capita consumption of milk &milk products (Milk equivalent)
0.0 50.0
100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0
18
Kg/Year
Source : MAFF “Food supply and demand table”, FAO ”Food balance sheets”
19
Per capita consumption of milk & milk beverages
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
75 80 85 90 95 00 05 11
Litter/year
Whole Milk
Skimmed or Recombined milk
Yoghurt Milk beverages
J.F.K
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products”, Ministry of internal affairs “Census”, “Population statistics”
Milk for School lunch program
20
Photo : by Japan sport council
Population & Aging
21
FemaleMale
2010
Source : Statistics Bureau “Population Census”
Various competitors to milk
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
85 90 95 00 05 12
Milk
22
Tea
Soda (Cola, etc.)
Mineral Water
Sport DrinkCoffee
Fruit Juice
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products”JSDA ”Japan Soft Drink Association”
J.F.K
million Litter Packaged Soft Drink
Milk production by region
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
1961 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 12
To-fu-kenHokkaido
Thou. tons
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products” 23
J.F.K
Milk transport across region
24
“HOKUREN MARU”
TokyoOsaka
Milk transport from Hokkaido
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Raw milk (Left)
Packaged milk (Right)
25
Tons K.L.
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products”
J.F.K
Average farm gate price of raw milk
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
07 08 09 10 11
Hokkaido
Average
To-fu-ken
Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products” 26
¥/10kg
J.F.K
Marketing of raw milk
Via Farmers’ Cooperatives
97％
Milk processorsDairy Farmers
Price Negotiation
Pooled priceDirect sell
3％
27
Raw milk prices to milk processors
Processing purpose Price (¥/kg)
Drinking milk 114.40
Yoghurt 84.75
Fresh cream 75.50
Batter, SMP, WMP, etc. 70.96
Cheese 53.00
Source : HOKUREN “News Letter”28
“HOKUREN” 2013
Breakdown of raw milk processing
29Source : MAFF “Statistics of milk and milk products”
Hokkaido
Butter, SMP 39%
Cream 32%
Drinking 15%
Cheese 13%
Other 1%
Drinking 87%
Butter, SMP. 9%
Cream 3% Cheese & Other 1%
To-fu-ken
2012 J.F.Y.
Cost of milk production by region
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000
10,000
Hokkaido Tofuken
others
labour
amortization of cow
grazing & harvesting
feed purchase
¥/100kg
MAFF: Production Cost of livestock products 30
2011 JFY
Feed self-sufficiency rate (1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
85 90 95 00 05 11
Fodder
Feed totalConcentrate feed
%
31
J.F.K
Source : MAFF “Statistics of Crops”, “Statistics of arable land and plantation”, “Cost of livestock production”, “Livestock statistics”, “Standard of feed ingredients”,MOF “Trade statistics”
Livestock farms’ Average : TDN base
Feed self-sufficiency rate (2)
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 11
Hokkaido
Average
To-fu-ken
32
%
J.F.K
Source : “Cost of livestock production”, “Standard of feed ingredients”
Dairy farms’ Average : TDN base
Import of feed grains and Fodder
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000CORN
SOYBEENOIL MEAL HAY
SORGHUMBARLEY
33Source : MOF “Trade Statistics”
Thou. tons2011 JFY
conclusion
Japanese dairy industry has rapidly and successfully developed since middle of 1950’s supported by government and high economic growth.
Especially Hokkaido has become main dairy region and now it exports a lot of milk to To-fu-ken every year.
Domestic milk production has peaked in the middle of 1990’s and, currently, 35% of domestic supply is provided by import.
Expanding consumption of milk and milk products and increasing domestic feed supply to reduce milk production cost are crucial challenge for Japanese dairy industry.
We believe that high level of Japanese dairy production technology will able to achieve farther development.
34
Thank you very much for your attention
35
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