japan's work of cobalt crust exploration and technology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Japan’s Work of Cobalt Rich Crusts Exploration
And Technology Development
16 April 2014
Natsumi Kamiya
“Challenge for deep sea mineral resources development”
![Page 2: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Japan’s work of Cobalt Crust Exploration
And Technology Development
Who we are
Deep sea mineral resources
Government’s ocean development policy
JOGMEC’s activities on deep sea mineral resources
Contract with ISA for cobalt rich ferromanganese crusts
Conclusion
![Page 3: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2
Who we are
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI)
Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation
(JOGMEC)
Since 1963 Since 1967
February 2004
Metal Mining Agency of Japan
(MMAJ)
Japan National Oil Corporation
(JNOC)
• An incorporated administrative agency established by the Japanese government
in 2004
• Focusing to maintain stable supply of mineral and energy resources
under the JOGMEC Law
Environment Stockpile Metals Oil,
Natural Gas
Geothermal
energy Coal
Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC)
![Page 4: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Deep sea mineral resources
![Page 5: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
4
Three categories of deep sea mineral resources
Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese
Crusts
Polymetallic Nodules
Polymetallic Sulphides
Deep seabed Trench
Spreading axis Sea mount Back arc
Depth 800-2,400m
Depth 4,000-6,000m Subduction
Depth 800-3,000m
Copper, Lead, Zinc, Gold, Silver, Rare Metals
Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Cobalt
Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Platinum
Section of crusts
Crusts
Basement
1
![Page 6: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What are deep-sea mineral resources
Cobalt-rich
ferromanganese crusts
Polymetallic sulphides (PMS)
Polymetallc Nodules
5
![Page 7: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ferromanganese Nodules Polymetallic Sulfides Cobalt-rich
Ferromanganese Crusts
Nickel Cobalt Silver Gold Zinc Platinum Copper Lead
Gas
Catalys(Pt)
Cable(Cu)
Jewery(Au, Pt)
Stainless Steel(Ni)
Steel plate(Zn) Battery(Pb)
PC
Circuit(Au)
Secondary
battery(Ni, Co)
Usage of metals contained in seabed minerals
Rare Earth
Motor(REEs)
6
![Page 8: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Government’s ocean development policy
and JOGMEC’s activities
![Page 9: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Polymetallic sulphides
Cobalt -rich ferromanganese crusts
1985~
1987~
2003
Cooperation with SOPAC*(nodules,sulphides,crusts)
JOGMEC MMAJ
Deep sea mineral resources research by MMAJ/JOGMEC
Basic research
2004- Polymetallic nodules 1975~1996
1985~2005
*SOPAC : Committee for Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas(CCOP/SOPAC)
R/V Hakurei-maru R/V Hakurei-maru No.2
1975-2000 1980-2011
new R/V HAKUREI
Launched in 2012
Overall length : 118.3m
Breadth: 19.0m
Gross tonnage: 6,200t
8
![Page 10: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Resource evaluation, EIA, mining,
processing & metallurgy
Polymetallic Sulphides, Exploration and R&D 2008~
Framework of ocean management of Japanese government
Crusts exploration, Exploration and R&D 2014~ Resource evaluation, EIA, mining,
processing & metallurgy
Basic Plan on Ocean Policy (2013) Plan for ocean energy and mineral
resources development(2013)
Basic Act on Ocean Policy (Act No. 33 of April 27, 2007)
Basic Plan on Ocean Policy(2008) Plan for ocean energy and mineral resources
development(2009)
Modification
Methane hydrate Oil, Natural gas
Sulphides Nodules, Crusts
Rare earth
JOGMEC
9
![Page 11: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
JOGMEC’s Activities on
deep sea mineral resources
![Page 12: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HAKUREI’s survey tools
2 types of drilling system - Derrick type
- Sea bed type
Derrick type
(On board drilling system)
Deep tow
Grab
Acoustic
(SBP,MBES)
CTD
ROV
SSS Sea bed type
(Benthic multi
core system)
Multiple
corer
11
![Page 13: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Onboard drilling machine system
Azimuth thruster (360 degree propulsion)
Moon pool
Large scale stern crane ‘A-flame’
Bowthrusters(3 sets)
Solar panels
HAKUREI, featuring two styles of marine drilling
p.12 12
![Page 14: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Deep sea drilling equipment of HAKUREI
On-board drilling machine system
Maximum Drill Length: 50m
3000m of Water Depth
Maximum Drill Length: 400m
2000m of Water Depth
Benthic multi-coring system(BML)
![Page 15: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Major polymetallic sulphides fields
Izu-Bonin Okinawa Trough
Polymetallic sulphides (PMS)fields widely distribute
in Okinawa trough and Izu-Bonin back-arc basin within
Japan’s EEZ
14
![Page 16: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Significant results of recent 5 years
Discovery of new hidden sulphide bodies at around
30m or deeper under sea-floor in IZENA, OKINAWA trough
during 2013 drilling cruise.
(JOGMEC, 2013)
Sulphide mound
New sulphide body Unlithified sedi. Rocks and tuffs
15
![Page 17: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Concept design of mining system for PMS
(METI et al., 2013)
R&D of mining technology for PMS
16
![Page 18: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sea-trial of mini-scale mining tools
Aug.- Nov. 2012
1st trial 2nd trial
Aug.- Sep. 2013
On-land test, Jan.-2014
ROV
Test
miner
R/V HAKUREI
17
improvement
improvement
![Page 19: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mineral processing test for PMS
Samples of Bayonnaise
Samples of Izena Floatation laboratory test
18
![Page 20: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Contract with ISA on
cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts
![Page 21: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
20
ISA and JOGMEC sign exploration contract on January 27, 2014
![Page 22: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
EEZ(Japan)
Minami-Torishima
(Marcus Island)
600km
Location of Japan’s exploration area
Exploration area is located approximately
2500km Southeast of Tokyo in the Western Pacific
The area comprises 150 blocks, each with an
area of 20 square km, and is located
over 6 seamounts
5
6 seamounts
2500km
21
![Page 23: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
排他的経済域
南鳥島
約600km
Research activities over crust deposit
Summit
Depth 1000~2000m
Cobalt rich ferro-manganese crusts Bottom
Depth 6000m
Benthic multi-coring system(BMS)
Research vessel “HAKUREI”
ROV observation of crusts
7
km – tens of km
3,000m
- 4,000m
Drilling at the sea bottom
Remotely operated vehicle(ROV)
22
![Page 24: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stage year Exploration work Environmental
survey R&D
Stage 1 (year 1-5)
(2014-2018)
Preparatory work
Resources evaluation
Core sampling with geological
and geographical surveys
(Collection of data)
Environment
baseline study
Pre- R/D in Mining,
ore beneficiation,
Metallurgical
technologies
Training Four training opportunities(on-board and on-land) between 2014 and 2018 12 trainees will be accepted
Stage 2 (year 6-10)
Detailed resource evaluation of the proposed blocks. (Choose promising blocks 1/3)
Continuing environmental study.
R/D in mining, ore beneficiation, metallurgical technologies
Stage 3 (year 11-15)
Further resource evaluation of promising blocks to be exploited from ten years evaluation. (Choose developing blocks)
EIA Verification of technologies
15 year exploration plan of the contract
23
![Page 25: Japan's Work of Cobalt Crust Exploration and Technology](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042800/58a2c0b41a28ab724d8b5079/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Conclusion
JOGMEC has been conducting research on deep sea mineral
resources since 1970’ and have accumulated experiences in
this area.
JOGMEC executes extensive surveys for PMS within Japan’s
EEZ since 2008. JOGMEC carries out, not only resource
assessment, but also technical development for mining and
processing in consideration of environment impact mitigation.
JOGMEC’s 15 year exploration contract with ISA for crusts
just begins in 2014. For the conduct of the contract,
JOGMEC will apply its experience and sophisticated
technology in consideration of environment impact mitigation
and technical transfer.
JOGMEC expets to maximize synergies between PMS
programme and Crusts programme.
24