jarrett-unit 2: review sheet
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Name:. Jarrett-Unit 2: Review Sheet. Classical Era‐West‐Persia, Greece, and Rome Test Date _____________________ Objectives: What is a classical civilization? Where were they? Europe Greece and Rome Monarchy, theocracy, democracy, republic, oligarchy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Jarrett-Unit 2: Review Sheet
Name:
Classical Era‐West‐Persia, Greece, and RomeTest Date _____________________
Objectives:What is a classical civilization? Where were they?
EuropeGreece and RomeMonarchy, theocracy, democracy, republic, oligarchyDevelopment of democratic‐republican governmentTwelve TablesRights such as “trail by a jury of your peers”
“innocent until proven guilty” “equality before the law”
Rights and responsibilities of citizens and non citizens in civic
participationFundamental ideas and institutions of Western
civilizationsMath, science, and technologyArchimedes, Eratosthenes, PythagorasRome Collapse and its Impact on Western Europe
Christianity‐origins, spread, ideasArt and architecture
PersiaAmericas
Maya‐politicial, economic, social, and cultural developments
Prior civilizations influence‐OlmecsCollapse
EastIndia
Maurya and GuptaOrigin and spread of math, science, and technology
ChinaZhou and QinHan and CollapseConfucianism‐origins, ideas, spreadCompare collapse of Rome and Han
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Name:_____________________________________
Ancient Greece 1. Minoan (2000 BC - 1400 BC)
a. Geography: located on the island of _________________ (111)b. King _______________(67), leader of the civilizationc. The civilization died out over a period of time either by invasion or a
catastrophe of an _______________(68)
2. Mainland Greece/Mycenaea. Geography: located on the Balkan Peninsulai. Any place in Greece is no more than ______(111)miles from the seaii. Greece is surrounded by the seas, ______________, _________________, ________________(111), which allowed for ______________ and
_____________(111).iii. Rugged mountains cover about ______% (111) of Ancient Greece.iv. Only ______% (111) of the land is suitable for farming.b. Early Settlersi. Indo-Europeans (2000 BC)1. They organized into tribes and clans2. Nomads – learned to grow grapes, grains and olivesii. ______________________(112) (1600 BC – 1200 BC)
1. Leader: King Agamemnon2. Adopted many elements of the Minoan civilization3. Religion: same as the Minoans4. Trojan War:a. Reason; economic rivalry and Persian Prince kidnaps
____________(113), beautiful wife of the Greek king.b. Result after 10 years, the Mycenaeans destroy the city of
Troy by using the __________________________________(113).c. Homer, a Greek poet, wrote the __________(114) and the
_________(114),describing the war and the travels of Odysseus.d. Economy based on the trading of grapes, grains and olivese. ___________________________(113), a German archaeologist,
discovered the possible site of the city of Troyiii. Dorians (1100 BC – 750 BC)1. Mycenaean civilization collapses2. Very primitive nomadic groups will invade with iron weapons3. Beginning of the Dark Ages because economy will collapse
and trade will come to a standstilla. According to historians, the Dorians lost the ability to
_____________(114), therefore little is known about this time period.
3. Greek Culture:a. Religion:
i. Greek Gods possess human qualities such as _____________, _____________, _____________(114).ii. Greek Gods often quarreled and competed with each other.iii. ___________________(114) was the ruler of the Gods. Greek
Gods did not live in heaven, but on Mount ________________________(114).
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet
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3. Greek Culture:b. Greek word for city state is ________________(115)i. Influenced by geography, the city state will share certain features
1. small size2. small population3. ______________________(115), a public center4. ______________________(115) a fortified hilltop
Ii. City states remained separate because of geography, jealousy, and differing personalities
c. Government:i. City-states formed different political structures
1. King ruled government was called a ______________________(115)
2. A government ruled by a small group of noble and land-owning families is
called an_______________________(115)a. Often gained political power after working in the king’s
______________(115)3. A government ruled by a few powerful people is an
_________________(115)a. Formed when wealthy merchants and artisans shared or
took power from nobles.4. Most Greeks looked down on all non-Greek foreigners, whom
they considered to be __________________________(115)ii. Greek foot soldiers, called ____________________(115) formed
a fearsome fighting formation called a________________________(115).iii. Powerful individuals called ______________________(116)
gained control of the government by appealing to the poor and the discontented
for support.d. Sparta
i. Geography; located in the southern part of Greece called _____________(116)
ii. Government:1. Monarchy was headed by _________(116) kings, who had no
power.2. _____________________________________(116) proposed the
laws.3. Assembly of citizens voted on the proposed laws4. 5 elected officials called ______________________(116) carried
out the laws (powerful)iii. Social classes:1. _________________(116) were descendants of the original
inhabitants and controlled the government.2. Neighbors were free people with no citizenship3. __________________(116) served as household servants4. Most people were farmers5. Helots and Neighbors outnumbered the Spartans 20 to 1iv. Military Machine – “A city is well fortified which has a wall of
men instead of brick”1. Regulated the lives of citizens from birth to death2. Sickly babies were killed3. Role of male:a. Age 7, went to live in _____________________(116)b. Age 20, began military service until the age of 60c. Age 30, marriedd. Role of female:a. Went through strict physical training to develop strength and
endurance. As mother of future soldiers, she had to be physically fit. Trained in
patriotic devotion.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 2)
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d. Sparta (cont)5. Stressed absolute loyalty, courage, strength and endurance!6. No major contribution achieved because intelligence
achievements were not stressed
e. Athens – The birthplace of ____________________________(117)i. Geography; Ionians settled on Atticaii. Government:1. ________________________(117) – rule by the people2. Citizens participated directly in political decision making
a. Only___________________________(117) could be citizens.
iii. Reformers:1. ____________________(117) wrote the first legal
code – the law was harsh2. ____________________(117) outlawed debt slaverya. Legal concept that allowed any citizen to
_____________(117)3. _______________________(118) financed reform by
placing a tax on agricultural production. He also started a _______________________________(118) to provide
jobs.4. ____________________________(118) introduced a
series of reforms that allowed Athenian citizens to
participate in a limited democracy. Only _______(118) of Athenian residents
were actual citizens.
4. Conflict:
a. Persian War:i. First Persian War1. Conflict began on coast of Anatolia when the
_____________________(118) revolted against Persians and ____________________(118) sent
ships and soldiers to give aid. 2 Persian King, ___________________(118) defeated the rebels
and then vowed to destroy_______________________(118) in revenge, but failed due to
weather.ii. Second Persian War1. Persians were defeated in the battle of
________________________(118) even though they greatly outnumbered the Greeks.2. __________________________(118) ran 26.2 miles to give the
news of the Greek victory, then he collapsed and died.iii. Third Persian War1. Persian army now led by ______________________(118), son of
Darius the Great.2. Narrow mountain pass at _________________________(118) was
where the Spartans, under the leadership of King Leonidas, attempted to
hold of the Persian army. After 3 days, a traitor showed the Persians a
secret path that resulted in __________(118-119) 300 Spartans to die.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 3)
4. Conflict: a. Persian War: (cont)3. Athenian statesman, ___________________________(119) convinced the Athenians to evacuate the city and fight at sea. The Battle of
______________________(119) resulted in an Athenian victory because Persian ships found it hard to
maneuver in the narrow channel. The Persians lost ___________(119) of their fleet.4. The final battle was at _______________________(119) where the Persians
were defeated.iv. Consequences of the Persian war;1. A new alliance called the ____________________________(119) was formed
under theleadership of _______________________(119). It brought Athens into a brief
golden age.5. Pericles:
a. Three goals of Pericles was: (120)1. ________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________b. ______________________________________(120); a form of government in
which citizens rule directly.c. For Pericles to finance his reforms, he used funds from the
______________________(121) treasury without approval of other members from the league. 6. Golden Age:
a. Architecture; i. The ________________________(121) was built with funds from the Delian
League. It was a temple to honor Athena. ii. The Statue of Athena was done by _____________________(121)iii. The values of order, balance, and proportion became the standard of
_______________(121) art.b. Drama;i. The Greeks invented drama and built the first
_______________________(121) in the west.ii. The Greeks wrote 2 types of plays ___________________ and
___________________(122) 7. Peloponnesian War:
a. It was fought between the city-state of ___________________ and ________________(123).
b. The advantage at sea belonged to _________________(123) and ___________________(123)
on land.c. Pericles strategy was to avoid ________________ and to strike
_____________ at sea(123).d. Athens was greatly weakened by a __________________(123) that killed
1/3 to 2/3 of its population including _________________(123). Athenians also suffered a
major setback when they failed in their attempt to take Syracuse.
8. Philosophers:a. The word ‘philosophers’ means
_____________________________________(124)b. Greek thinkers based their philosophy on two assumptions.i. The universe is put together in an orderly way and people can
understand those laws through_____________________ and _______________(124).c. ________________________(124) questioned people’s unexamined beliefs
and ideas about justice and other traditional values. ________________________(124) was one
of the most famous Sophists who questioned the existence of traditional Greek gods.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 4)
d. Socrates:i. He was a critic of the Sophists. He believed that absolute standards did
exist for _________________ and ________________(124). He also said the Greeks should question
themselves and their ________________, _____________(124). Socrates developed a method of
teaching called the ___________________(125), which uses a ________________and_________________(125) approach. Socrates was brought to trial for
corrupting the ________________________________(124), but he claimed that his teachings
were good for Athens because they forced people to think about their ____________and____________(124). The jury passed a verdict of
_______________(124) and Socrates was sentenced to ________________(124).e. Platoi. Plato was a student of ___________________(124). Plato wrote down
conversations he had held with Socrates. His most famous work was the
____________________(124), in which he describes his vision of a perfectly __________________________(125). Plato
opened a school called the __________________(125). His writings will dominate Europe for
nearly ______________(125) years.f. Aristotlei. He questioned the nature of the world and of
________________________________(125).He came close to summarizing ___________________________(125) up to his
time. He developed a method of arguing called ________________(125). His work
provides the basis of the _______________________(125) used today. He opened a school in Athens
called ________________(125). One of his most famous students was
____________________(125).
9. Philip of Macedoniaa. Used phalanx, cavalry to defend his country. He will plan to invade
Greece. Athenian orator _____________________(128) tried to warn Greece of the threat Philip
imposed, but Greek city-states could not agreeon a single policy. Macedonians soundly defeated the Greeks at the battle
of ______________________(128), ending Greece independence. Philip then planned to invade
__________________(128) but was murdered by a former guardsman.________________________(128) was then proclaimed king.
10. Hellenistic Culturea. Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian influence is
called ___________(132)b. The city of ______________________(132) became the center of the
Hellenistic civilization.c. _____________________(132) was an enormous lighthouse that stood over
the Alexandria harbor.d. Alexandria was also known for its famous museum and
__________________(132), which was the first true__________________________(133) in the world.e. Astronomyi. Aristarchus’ two significant conclusions were:1. The sun ___________________________________________(133)2. The earth and planets ___________________________________(133)ii. ______________________(133) incorrectly placed the ___________(133) at
the center of the universe.iii. ______________________(133) closely calculated the earths’ true size. He
claimed the earths’ circumference was _______________(133) miles, when it is actually 24,860 miles. His estimate was
within ______% (133) of modern calculations.iv. ________________________(133) invented the system of longitude and
latitude.
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 5)
10. Hellenistic Culture (cont)
f. Mathematics and Physicsg. Euclid wrote __________________(134), which is still the basis for courses
in geometry today.ii. _______________________(134) calculated the value of ‘pi’, explained the
law of the ___________(134) and invented the _____________________(134) pulley and a _____________________(134).g. Philosophy and Arti. Two major philosophies that developed during the Hellenistic period are
_____________(134) and __________________________(135).ii. ____________________ developed stoicism, which is, the belief that divine
power controlled the universe. He proposed that people should live a life in harmony with
natural _________(134). He preached that vices should be controlled and that people should focus
on the things they can _______________(134)iii. Epicureanism was founded by ____________________(135). He taught that
the universe was composed of ___________(135) and ruled by _____________(135) who had no
interest in ________________(135).He believed that the only real objects were those the
___________________(135) could perceive. The greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous
conduct and absence of ____________(135). The main goals of humans was to achieve harmony of
______________ and ____________(135). He advocated ___________________(135) in all things.iv. Two examples of Hellenistic sculptors:1. ___________________________________________(135)2. ___________________________________________(135)
Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 6)
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Section One: The Romans Create a Republic
1. Republic:
2. Patricians:
3. plebeians:
4. tribunes:
5. Twelve Tables:
6. consuls:
7. senate:
8. Centuriate Assembly:
9. Tribal Assembly:
10. Praetors:
11. dictators:
12. Roman legions:
13. veto:
14. Punic Wars:
15. Hannibal:
Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet
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Section Two: The Roman Empire Brings Change
16. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus:
17. civil war:
18. Julius Caesar:
19. triumvirate:
20. absolute ruler:
21. Mark Antony:
22. Cleopatra:
23. Augustus:
24. Pax Romana:
25. civil service:
Bad Emperors
26. Caligula:
27. Nero:
28. Domitian:
Good Emperors
29. Nerva:
30. Trajan:
Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet
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31. Hadrian:
32. Antoninus Pius:
33. Marcus Aurelius:
34. gladiators:Roman name Greek name god of…Jupiter Zeus Head godMars Ares God of warJuno Hera Mother of godsVenus Aphrodite Goddess of loveMercury Hermes Messenger/medicinePluto Hades God of the underworldNeptune Poseidon God of the sea 35. colosseum: Section Three: The Rise of Christianity
36. zealot:
37. Jesus:
38. Gospel:
39. apostles:
40. messiah:
41. Peter:
42. Paul:
43. Diaspora:
Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet
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44. scapegoats:
45. hierarchy:
46. bishop:
47. pope:
48. Constantine:
49. Edict of Milan:
50. heresy:Section Four: The Decline of the Roman Empire
51. inflation:
52. Diocletian:
53. Constantinople:
54. Alaric:
55. Attila:
56. sacked:
Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet
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Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet
Slide 8
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
How was Athenian democracy different from American democracy today?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Slide 11
CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING1. __2. __3. __4. __5. __6. __7. __8. __9. __10.__
Slide 19
Name:
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNEDMany of the letter in our alphabet come from Greek and Phoenician letters. How does such an alphabet differ from Egyptian hieroglyphics or Chinese characters?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ACTING AS AN AMATEUR HISTORIAN
Read the following document from Plato’s Crito. Then answer the two questions that follow.
What reasons does Socrates give to his students for his refusal to escape?
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Would you have agreed with his reasoning? Explain your answer.• ______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Look at it this way. Suppose that while we are preparing to run away, the laws and Constitution of Athens were to come and ask; ‘Now Socrates, what are you doing? Can
you deny that by this act you are thinking of, you will have the power to destroy us, the laws, and the whole state as well? Do you imagine that a city can continue to exist and not be turned upside down, if the legal judgments pronounced have no force, and
are destroyed by private person? You have 70 years in which you could have left the country if you were not satisfied with us or felt the agreements were unfair. And now, after all this, are you not going to stand by your agreement?’” ---Plato,
Crito
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Slide 13
Slide 15
Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer SheetRead the following document from Aristotle’s Politics. Then
answer the question below.
• What three types of government does Aristotle identify? How do they differ.
• _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“We have next to consider how many forms of government there are, and what they are…The true forms of government are those in which the one, the few or not the many govern with a view to the common interest…Of forms of government in which one rules, we call that kingship; that in which more than one but not many rule, we call aristocracy; when citizens at large administer the state for the common interest, the government is called a democracy.” ---Aristotle, Politics
Political and Military Map: The extent of Alexander’s empire.Checking for understanding:Based on the map, how does Alexander get most of the credit for the spread of Greek ideas throughout the Middle East to India?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNEDWhat debt did the Romans owe to the ancient Greeks?• ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Imagine you are writing a speech about the legacy of the Roman empire. What would you identify as its most enduring contributions.• ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Slide 24
Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet
The FirstCivilizations
Persia:
Location:_________________________________________Characteristics___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Achievements:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Greece:
Location:_________________________________________Characteristics___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Achievements:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rome:
Location:_________________________________________Characteristics___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Achievements:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET
Name:
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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET pg. 2
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