jasim intro
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION
Sir Christian Fredrick Samuel Hahnemann our founder classified the
entire diseases broadly into surgical and non-surgical diseases. The non surgical diseases
were further classified into acute as well as chronic diseases on the basis of mode of
onset, its progress and its destiny. The disease to which man is liable is either rapid
morbid process of abnormally deranged vital force, which has a tendency to finish their
course more or less quickly, but always in a moderate time- these are termed acute
diseases.(Aphorism no 71)
The seriousness of acute disease is well defined, if we are not treating
with suitable homoeopathic similimum the acute disease may become complicated, and
the suffering of the patient will be more.
In Aphorism 73 acute disease are further classified into acute individual,
acute sporadic and epidemic diseases. We know that the cause for the acute diseases
(individual acute disease) is exciting cause. Hahnemann explains Useful to the physician
in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most probable exciting cause of the
acute disease.
The exciting cause may be mental like a nervous case such as fear,
shock, grief, jealously, over joy etc or it can be physical like exposure to heat and cold,
changes in weather, getting wet, thunderstorm etc. or even it can be mechanical like
trauma, burns, blow, sting etc. Hence it becomes very important to give the concrete
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importance to the etiological factors especially while treating an individual acute disease
Therefore this is my sincere attempt to elicit the significance of exciting cause in treating
acute diseases.
.
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVEAims
1) Efficacy of treating the acute diseases considering the exciting cause.
Objective
1. To study the scope of homoeopathy in treating acute disease considering exciting
cause.
2. To study the limitations of homoeopathy in treating acute disease considering
exciting cause.
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SURVEY OF LITERATURE
Concept of disease in Homoeopathy
According to Hahnemann disease is primarily a process of altered to
manifesting itself through perceptible symptoms comprising altered sensation and
functions. Hahnemann went deeper into the problem of the disease and made ome subtle
distinctions between diseases `per se and disease as popularly understood by his
allopathic contemporaries.
Disease is an abnormal vital process, a changed condition of life, which is
inimical to the true development of the individual and tends to organic dissolution.
Agents, material or immaterial, who modify health, act solely by virtue of their own
substantial, entitative existence and co-existence of vital substance, which reacts in the
living organism to every impression made from within or without.
Diseases are purely dynamical disturbance of the vital powers and
functions which may or may not ultimate in gross tissue charges. The tissue charges are
no essential part of disease but only the end results of the disease, which as such, are not
the object of treatment by medication.
Disease is an abstraction made by our mental concept; the factual reality is
the diseased person. It is on mind which, for purposes of practical convenience, has
separated disease conditions from the diseased person and gave these concepts general
names for economy of thought-communication and thought-general names for economy
of thought communication and thought expression; but really mind separates what is
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inseparable and falls into a confusion which leads us to faulty practice.
In the study of disease, the Homoeopathic physician considers the
individual response as of greater importance from the standpoint of the selection of the
curative remedy and is guided by the Totality of Symptoms.
He has to study allthe causative factors in a given case; he cannot be satisfied.
Merely by paying attention to those factors commonly held to be responsible for the
disease. This is more so, as he has to be sure that 'all impediments to cure' have been
removed before he proceeds with the administration of the similar remedy. We have
already seen that the causative factors of illness and the emotional side of illness dictate
the choice of the similar remedy. Thus, the physician has to concentrate on a detailed
study of the environmental factors and their effects.
The morbific agents of disease and the morbid end-products of disease do not excite
much curiosity in him for the simple reason that this knowledge helps him little in his
'mission to restore the sick to health, to cure'. The remedy he selects acts through the
medium of the host and not directly on the morbific agents. His interest in the morbific
agents, therefore, is strictly limited to the help he obtains from their study in arriving at
the diagnosis.
He is vitally interested in the free expression of disease through symptoms as they
are to him the only guide for the selection of the curative remedy and; as such, he frowns
on all attempts at suppressing them, especially, the external manifestations, as experience
teaches him that such suppression is fraught with considerable dangers. Unfortunately
this fact is not generally appreciated except, of course, in the Homoeopathic profession4, 5,
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Useful to the physician in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most
probable exciting cause of the acute disease as well as the most significant points in the
complete history of the chronic disease, to enable him to discover its fundamental cause,
which is generally due to a chronic miasm. In these investigations, the ascertainable
physical constitution of the patient (especially when the disease is chronic), his moral and
intellectual character, his occupation, mode of living and habits, his social and domestic
relations, his age, sexual function, etc., are to be taken into consideration. 1, 6.
It is necessary for a homeopath to understand the nature of the exciting causes of
acute diseases as well as the underlying fundamental cause of long lasting diseases,
which is usually due to the chronic miasms. Acute diseases are self-limiting disorders
which have quick onsets, rapid progressions, and a tendency to develop an immediate
crisis. Many of these acute diseases are actually acute exacerbations of the chronic states
latent within the constitution that have been brought forth by exciting factors. The nature
of chronic miasmic disease is slow and insidious in its onset and gradual in its
progression. These negative transformations gradually increase until they bring on
complex pathologies that eventually are the cause of premature old age and death. The
chronic miasms are the effects of infections that are not self-limiting. Such infections
cause considerable damage to the immune system, the vital force, and the constitution.
Hahnemann taught that the susceptibility to the exciting factors lies in the fundamental
cause the chronic miasms.
The etiology of a disease, the constitution and temperament of the individual, and
the totality of the signs and symptoms, are three factors forming the complete picture of
an illness. In homeopathy we often speak of the totality of the symptoms as the basis of
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selecting a remedy, but sometimes we forget to include the causative factors, the miasms,
and the nature of the physical constitution of the individual.
Understanding the innate constitution is fundamental to homeopathic treatment
because it holds the keys to an individual's susceptibility as well as the inherited effects
of the chronic miasms. This is why Hahnemann included a complete physical description
of each individual constitution when taking a case history. Some constitutions are thin,
quick and warm, while others are slow, cold and flabby.
The physical characteristics of various constitutions have become associated with
different miasmas and their constitutional remedies. For example, Phosphorus is well
adapted to tall slender, narrow chested, sanguine temperaments that have delicate
eyelashes, soft hair and are deeply affected by the TB miasma. Asteria Rubens, on the
other hand, is more indicated in flabby, chilly, lymphatic constitutions that are affected
by sycosis or the cancer miasm. Each of these constitutions responds to the same stimuli
in a completely different manner which helps to determine their anti-miasmic remedies 9.
Classification of the disease
Classification of diseases from all points of view is impossible in the very
nature of things concerned herein. Disturbed functions do not necessarily always hold
pace with the morphological changes in the human organism and vice versa. Efforts have
been made to describe symptom complexes corresponding to the anatomical-pathological
changes, but this too has proved unsatisfactory, as in very rare typical cases do the
clinical diagnosis and the autopsy findings fully coincide. It is well-know of the end
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results of diseases where as the symptoms are the expression of the progress of diseases
to bring about a classification which would make pathology and clinic absolutely
coincide and this is especially true of all were chronic progressive affections.
Hahnemann`s views concerning this problem were best put forward in
the sections 39-61 of the first of Organon, which were by Secs. 72-82 of the edition of
Organon. Though Hahnemann`s views regarding naming and classification of disease
underwent considerable modifications(by the time he published the 5th edition of
Organon) his adverse criticisms as regards the of the Nosology followed and followed
and advocated by orthodox school, still holds good; he remained a strict individualist in
case of treating patients. So Hahnemann comes to the conclusion that since nature herself
produces of individual kind, no rational medical art can which does not strictly
individualize each case of diseases, that is, which does not regard each of disease as
distinct and unique, which in truth it is.
During Hahnemann`s time the causes of disease were known to include
1) Mechanical factors
Traumatic agencies, eg., lesions, injuries, destruction of
tissues resulting from physical force, etc.
2) Chemical Factors
Destructive actions of certain chemical poisons, eg., Arsenic,
Opium etc
3) Dynamic factors
(a) Mental or physical, atmospheric, thermal, telluric and
climatic;
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(b) Dietetic, hygienic, contagious miasms
The study of pathology supplies and with the knowledge of structures of
organs and tissues, derived from microscopical sections of dead tissue more or less o
modified by fixatives and dyes: and this knowledge is brought to bear on a diseased but
living person by mental process of inference and analogy. There is always room for
uncertainty and probability in such procedures which Hahnemann wanted to obviate. This
is why he, at last, took recourse to clinical classification of diseases and attempted to
justify his schemes by etiological considerations. His system is perfected by the
acceptance of the schema of Nature, i.e., unity in diversity. Clinically he divided the
entire dynamic attached to these terms by him.
The diseases are broadly classified into three
1) Indispositions.
2) Surgical diseases.
3) Non-surgical diseases.
Indispositions
Dr James Tyler Kent describes indispositions as there areapparent
diseases, which are not diseases, but the disturbed states that may be called
Indispositions. The indispositions are not there real diseases but the altered states. In
such state patients doesnt require a medicine to recover. Indispositions from external
causes mimic the miasma, i.e., their group of symptoms is an imitation of miasmatic
manifestations, but the removal of the external cause is likely to restore the patient health.
Business failures, depressing tribulations, unrequited affection producing suffering in
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young girls, are apparent cause of disease, but in reality they are only the exciting causes
of indispositions.
To illustrate ,if a man has disordered his stomach it will right itself on
his ceasing to abuse it ;but ,if the trouble seems somewhat prolonged , a dose of medicine
, like Nux Vomica or whatever remedy is indicated, will help the stomach to right itself
,and so long as he lives in an orderly way he will cease to feel this indisposition.
If a patient complain of one or more trivial symptoms that have been
only observed a short time previously, that physician should not regard this as a fully
developed disease that requires serious medical aid. A slight alteration in the diet and
regimen will usually suffice to dispel such an indisposition.
By indisposition Hahnemann means a slight alteration of health
manifested by one or more trivial symptoms, which a slight alteration in the diet and
regimen will usually suffice to dispel. A true disease has a period of prodrome, period of
progress and decline or no decline, but in indisposition we do find prodrome but no
progress unless the error is continued. In cases of disease proper, the vital force cannot
adjust itself automatically, even with adequate hygienic and dietetic measures, but
requires a specific stimulus in the form of drug or drugs for the restoration of health
Indisposition is the state of body and mind of an individual in which
the present morbid signs and symptoms due to errors in diet, evil habits, over-exertion,
etc.
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Surgical diseases
There are number of diseases which cant be treated only by internal
medicine but requires surgical innovations. In cases of injuries occurring to the body
from without, the treatment of such diseases is relegated to surgery; but this is right only
so far as the affected parts require mechanical aid, whereby the external obstacles to cure,
which can only be expected to take place by the agency of vital force may be removed by
mechanical means. But in when such injuries the whole living organism requires, as it
always does, active dynamic aid to put it in a position to accomplish the work of healing
the services of the dynamic physician and homoeopathy comes into requisition.
Non-Surgical diseases or Dynamic diseases
This is further classified into
1) Acute diseases
2) Chronic diseases
Chronic disease
Some patients apparently down with acute disease did not improve under
treatment beyond a particular point and always displayed a tendency to relapse. There
are diseases of such a character that, with small, often imperceptible beginnings ,
dynamically derange the living organism, each in its peculiar manner, and cause it
gradually to deviate from the healthy condition, in such a way that the automatic life
energy, called vital force , whose office is to preserve the health , only opposes to them at
the commencement and during their progress imperfect, unsuitable, useless resistance,
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but is unable of itself to extinguish them, but must helplessly suffer itself to be ever more
and more abnormally deranged , until at length the organism is destroyed; these are
termed chronic diseases(72) . They are caused by dynamic infection with a chronic
miasma.
Chronic diseases are further classified into
1) Artificial chronic disease
2) Pseudo chronic disease
3) True chronic disease or Miasmatic chronic disease
Artificial chronic disease
These are inroads on human health affected by the allopathic non-healing
art (more particularly in recent times) are of all chronic diseases the most deplorable, the
most incurable; and I regret to add that it is apparently impossible to discover or hit upon
any remedies for their cure when they have reached any considerable height.(75)
Hahnemann was the first physician who studied the actions of drugs on
living organisms from a synthetic outlook. He was the first to proclaim that drugs like
natural morbific agents produce diseases. So he was the first to notice the origin and
maintenance of chronic diseases produced by the prolonged use of active drugs in large
doses during the allopathic treatment of patients. The result may be two fold:
1. The vital energy may be weakened to a dangerous extent leading to the
death of patient.
OR
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2. If the vital energy be not completely over-powered, it is gradually
deranged in such a way that gross structural and permanent functional
changes are produced in the living body in order to preserve the organism
from the complete destruction of life by the ever-renewed, hostile
assaults of such destructive drug forces
Pseudo chronic disease
Those diseases which are inappropriately named chronic diseases which
persons incur who expose themselves continually to avoidable noxious influences, who
are in the habit of indulging in injurious liquors or aliments, are addicted o dissipation of
many kinds which undermine the health, who undergo prolonged abstinence from things
which are necessary for the support of life, who reside in unhealthy localities, especially
in marshy districts, who are housed in cellars or other confined dwellings, who are
deprived of exercise or of open air, who ruin their health by over exertion of body or
mind, who live in a constant state of worry, etc. These states of ill-health, which persons
bring upon themselves disappear spontaneously, provided no chronic miasm lurks in the
body, under an improved mode of living, and they cannot be called True chronic
disease(77).
True chronic disease
True natural chronic diseases are those that arise from a chronic miasm,
which when left to themselves, and unchecked by the employment of those remedies that
are specific for them, always go on increasing and growing worse, notwithstanding the
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best mental and corporeal regimen, and torment the patient to the end of his life with ever
aggravated sufferings.(78)
The true chronic diseases can be further classified into two mainly
i) Single diseases
1) Non-venereal diseases
a) Psora
2) Venereal diseases
b) Sycosis
c) Syphilis
ii) Compound disease
a) Psoric-Sycotic
b) Psoric-syphilitic
c) Syco-syphilitic
d) Psoric-syco-syphilitic
Other than these there are chronic diseases which are of miasmatic origin
still not having a complete picture, but diseases with few symptoms. Such diseases are
called one sided diseases. The only disease that seem to have but few symptoms, and on
that account to be less amenable to cure, are those which may be termed one sided,
because they display only one or two principle symptoms which obscure almost all the
others. They belong chiefly to the class of chronic diseases. (173)
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Acute Diseases
Acute diseases are because of the joint venture of acute miasm and
chronic miasm. The acute disease manifests prominent symptoms which can be expressed
by the patient accurately due to recent occurrence and the physician usually feels no
difficulty in selection of homoeopathic medicine. Acute miasms are of two types Non-
recurring type, those acute miasms which appear once in a life time and makes the patient
immune to similar attacks eg, measles, mumps, chicken pox..etc., and recurring type ,
those acute miasms which recur in the same manner more than once in a life time of a
particular person e.g., cholera, yellow feveretc. Acute miasms are nothing but micro-
organisms. They invade the human body suddenly and violently but persists for a limited
period of time .During their course, they may kill the patient or may be killed themselves,
being overpowered finally by the defensive mechanism of the body.
1. An apparently healthy person may suddenly be affected by an
acute disease because of his or her inherent or acquired hyper susceptibility
towards the same created by Psora.
The disease to which man is liable is either rapid morbid process of
abnormally deranged vital force, which has a tendency to finish their course more or less
quickly, but always in a moderate time- these are termed acute diseases.( 71)
Acute diseases can be further classified into
i) Acute individual disease
ii) Acute sporadic disease
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iii) Acute epidemic disease
Acute individual diseases
As regards to acute diseases, they are either of such a kind as attack
human beings individually, the exciting cause being injurious influences to which they
were particularly exposed. Excess in food, or an insufficient supply of it, severe physical
impressions, chills, over-heating, dissipation, strains, etc., or physical irritations, mental
emotions, and like are exciting causes of such acute febrile affections; in reallit, however,
they are generally only a transient explosion of latent Psora, which spontaneously
returns to its dormant state if the acute diseases were not too violent a character and were
soon quelled. (73)
Acute sporadic diseases
They are such a kind as attack several persons at the same time, here and
there (Sporadically), by means of meteoric or telluric influences and injurious agents, the
susceptibility for being morbidly affected by which is possessed by only a few persons at
one time. (73)
Acute epidemic diseases
These are those diseases in which many persons are attacked with very
similar sufferings from same cause (epidemically); these diseases generally becomes
infectious (contagious) when they prevail among thickly congregated masses of human
beings.(74)
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LATENT PSORA AND ACUTE DISEASE
It is a state where Psora is sleeping or dormant, producing no active symptoms,
the person may be declared as apparently healthy but by any exciting cause it may flare
up producing acute symptoms 13, 12, 10.
Besides the manifestations of the acute diseases, which are all directly traceable to
the eruptions of psora, the vital energy often places the Psoric poison in a latent state,
where it may lie for a long period, sometimes for years, without manifesting much
disturbance, except that the observant physician may read its peculiar characteristics,
even in that latent state, and even though the patient is not disturbed to any degree.
During this latent state it requires only a slight shock to the vital energy to bring
this miasm, or stigma, to the fore and make its presence actively manifest in an acute
disturbance. This acute manifestation may be due to any one of many different causes; it
may be due to an accident, to an exposure, or to any other seemingly slight cause; but
whatever the direct cause of the acute manifestation, it will show the poisonous effects of
the stigma, and it is well for the physician to be conversant with the characteristic of the
latent state so that he may cure the underlying dyscrasia in the latent condition and thus
head off the acute manifestations, thus protecting the resistant power of the vital energy
against the sudden strain and helping to eradicate the Psoric poison 10, 27
Disturbance located in the central life mechanism which is manifested through
perceptible sensorial and functional changes of the organism as a whole. Here, nosology
fails to be applied as the symptoms do not refer to any particular organ or the tissue and
the man, though showing deviations from the healthy state is not termed as specifically
diseased13.
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A prescription is the written statement of the suggestion of a remedy. As far as
homoeopathic system of medicine is concerned, a prescription should aim at the patient
and his individual reaction to the disease. But there are practical difficulties in obtaining a
totality of symptoms. The immediate cause of the present illness if determinable or its
exciting factor will be a great aid in the administration of the remedy. This Hahnemann
teaches in aphorism 5 and in footnote of aphorism 2061
Etiology has been defined as a study or theory of the causation of any disease: the
sum total of the knowledge regarding causes. Etiology does not concern itself with
synthesis of causative factors in the pathogenesis of a disease to enable an observer to
form a comprehensive picture of the development of the disease in all its stages.
The knowledge of etiology depends necessarily on the understanding of the various
physical and biological phenomena that man has observed in nature.
Hahnemann was always at great pains to emphasize the importance of the causative
factors in the environment - both physical and emotional - which could be held
responsible for the development of illnesses. He advises the physician to remove the
cause first whenever it is feasible. But at the same time he cautioned the physician against
the dangers of armchair theorizing and speculating on the ultimate cause or mechanism of
disease. He cautions the true homoeopathic physician to remove all obstacles to cure
before proceeding with the administration of the similar remedy.
In a case, the causative factors form the core of the image of the patient in his illness.
Their identification or the incorporation in the image is therefore imperative if the
prescription is to prove homoeopathic and hence curative, The Physician should first try
to elicit the evident cause and course of the sickness, to which he will add all the things,
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which now seems to interfere with the sufferer's comfort, It is self evident truth that the
cause of the disease or the symptoms representing the cause, are most important as
indications for treatment.
Almost all diseases have relations of some kind to the various accidents and
conditions of ordinary life. Their symptoms are made worse or better by heat or cold, rest
or motion, by night or by day, or other circumstances or conditions. Many remedies are
related to the effects of certain conditions. This is not just the same thing as aggravation,
though allied to it and sometimes identical with it. For instance Arnica removes morbid
conditions (apart of course from surgical injuries such as broken bones) caused by falls;
Ruta relieves the effects of bruised bones. It is not correct in either case to describe these
as aggravations.29, 28
Although causations and aggravations are not the same, they are closely allied.
Rhus tox is related to the effects of damp weather, and appears in the list of remedies
having this causation, but it also having this causation, but it also has its symptoms, when
not caused by damp, aggravated in a supreme degree by conditions of damp. Therefore
the prescriber who uses this list of causes as a rough list of aggravations also will not go
far wrong and may find no little help from it in some of his cases.
It should be noted that all curable diseases created by these causes could be removed, or
greatly modified, by correct homoeopathic treatment. In simple or acute cases, the correct
remedy produces almost an instantaneous effect. A demonstration of this rapid action will
be seen when arnica is given for shock and bruising in an accident.
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The external causes or occasional causes embrace everything which, where there
is such an internal disposition to disease may produce disease. As regards acute diseases,
the exciting cause being injurious influences to which they were particularly exposed.
Excess of food or an insufficient supply of it, severe physical impressions, chills,
overheating, dissipation, strains etc... Or physical irritations, mental emotions, and the
like are exciting causes of such acute febrile affections; in reality, however, they are only
a transient explosion of latent psora, which spontaneously return to their dormant state if
the acute diseases were not of too violent a character and were soon quelled20, 30, 16
It is stated in the second paragraph of the Organon that The highest ideal of a
cure is rapid, gentle and permanent restoration of the health, or removal and
annihilation of the disease in its whole extent, in the shortest, most reliable and most
harmless way, on easily comprehensible principles.
There are three distinct points involved in this paragraph and these must be
brought out. Restoring health, and not the removing of symptoms, is the first point.
Restoring health has in view the establishment of order in a sick human being;
removing symptoms has to in view a human being; removing the constipation,
the hemorrhoids, the white swelling of the knew, the skin disease or any local
manifestation or particular sign of disease, or even the removal of a group of symptoms,
does not have in view the restoration to health of the whole economy of man. If the
removal of symptoms is not followed by a restoration to health, it cannot be called a cure.
We learned in our last study that "the sole duty of the physician is to heal the sick," and
therefore it is not his duty merely to remove the symptoms, to change the aspect of the
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symptoms, the appearance of the disease image, imagining that he has thereby
established order.
How different his actions would be if he but considered that every violent
change which he produces in the aspect of the disease aggravates the interior nature of
the disease aggravates the sickness of the man and brings about an increase of suffering
within him. The patient should be able to realize by his feelings and continue to say,
that he is being restored to health, whenever a symptom is removed. There should
be a corresponding inward improvement whenever an outward symptom has been
caused to disappear, and this will be true whenever disease has been displaced by order.
The perfection of a cure consists, then, first in restoring health, and this is to be
done promptly, mildly and permanently, which is the second point. The cure must be
quick or speedy, it must be gentle, and it must be continuous or permanent. Whenever an
outward symptom has been caused to disappear by violence as by cathartics to remove
constipation, it cannot be called mild or permanent, even if it is prompt.
Whenever violent drugs are resorted to there is nothing mild in the action or the
reaction that must follow. At the time this second paragraph of the Organon was written
psyching was not so mild as at the present day; blood-letting, sweating, etc. were in
vogue at the time Hahnemann wrote these lines.
Medicine has changed some what in its appearance; physicians are now using
sugar-coated pills and contriving to make medicines appear tasteless or tasteful; they
are using concentrated alkaloids. But none of these things have been done because of
the discovery of any principle; blood-letting and sweating were not abandoned on
account of principle, or the old men depreciate their disuse, and often say they hope
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the time will come when they can again go back to the lancet. But the drugs of today
are ten times more powerful than those formerly used, because more concentrated. The
cocaine, sulphonal and numerous other modern concentrated products of the
manufacturing chemists are extremely dangerous and their real action and reaction
unknown.
The chemical discoveries, of petroleum have opened a field of destruction to
human intelligence, to the understanding and to the will, because these products are
slowly and insidiously violent. When drugs were used that were instantly dangerous
and violent the action was manifest, it showed upon the surface, and the common people
saw it. But the patient of the present day goes through more dangerous drugging,
because it destroys the mind 10, 31, 32.
CASE TAKING IN ACUTE DISEASES:
If the case is not well taken, the remedy gets ill-selected; in the absence of the
correct remedy, the patients cure will not be in sight. If the patient does not get well, there
is alround failure of both the patient and the physician. Therefore, a well taken case is
much more than half the battle won.
How can we make sure of taking the case well? Firstly by following a
systematic procedure which automatically takes care of the entire essential points, and
secondly, by making it a habit to follow that procedure, so that the best results are
achieved smoothly and quickly.
Unless we elicit all the essential information about the patient required in
selecting the remedy, the time spent in case taking will be fruitless. It is said that the eyes
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do not see what the mind does not know. Now, as our mind knows what we want our
eyes and ears will be alert to catch everything relevant when taking the case.
The case-taking, the basis for the Homoeopathic prescription, in acute disease
must confine itself to the acute state only and not go into the constitutional state of the
patient. The objective symptoms and signs, mental restlessness or apathy, unusual
irritability or torpidity, the nature of thirst or thirstlessness, the reaction to temperature,
the causation of the acute attack, the time onset or aggravation and the concomitants such
as constipation or diarrhoea, delirium, etc. will suffice as guides to the similimum 24.
Kent says in his lectures on homoeopathic philosophy: A chronic patient may be
suffering from an acute disease and the physician on being called may think that it is
necessary to take the totality of the symptoms; but if he should do that in an acute
disease, mixing both chronic and acute symptoms together, he will become confused and
will not find the right remedy. The two things must be separated and the appearance of
the acute miasm must be prescribed for. The chronic symptoms will not, of course, be
present when the acute miasm is running, because the latter suppresses or suspends the
chronic symptoms, but the diligent physician, not knowing this is so, might wrongly
gather together the symptoms that the patient has had in a life.The symptoms of the
acute attack are separate by themselves. What are called sequelae of diseases are not due
to the disease itself, but to a prior state of the patient. A Psoric disorder may come up
after acute diseases must be treated as psora. These sequelae are Psoric and crop out at
the weakest time, which is the convalescent period. The better the acute disease is treated,
the less likely will there be any sequelae .. But you cannot prescribe an antipsoric in
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order to prevent sequelae following the fever, while it prevails. Prescribe first for the
attack, and the symptoms that belong to it.
Causation which may be described as never well since These are remote causes,
and Allen gives a number of them under different remedies in his key notes and
characteristics. Another description of these causes is , bad effects of .Dr S P Koppikar
says, early in my practice, I discovered that if I treated the cause ( especially in acute
diseases) , 90% of the trouble would be knocked off. For example, fevers like flu. Just
find out how the illness started, or what the exciting cause was. If it followed a
drenching, especially when over heated, Rhus tox, cut it short; if after infected food or
drink etc., Arsenicum album or pyrogen; if after exposure to summer heat, or dry cold ,
Aconite ; drinking ice water on a hot summer day, Bellis or Bryonia; after swimming ,
Antim- c and so on. Thus I realized that if I had ready on hand about forty or fifty
etiologically useful remedies, I could tackle most of the acute diseases straightaway. I
had to prescribe for about 50 to 80 patients in two hours and it was a surprise to me that
every time I prescribed on etiological ground the case got well much quicker.
Application of art of etiology in everyday practice S P Koppikar explains, it is one
thing to admire great art, quite another to use it. Let me remind you that an artistic
prescription is one where the given picture of the case is almost not the indication for the
prescription and also, the selected remedy may not contain the present trouble of the
patient prominently, so far as is known33.
Case-taking for an acute disease will be easier because the symptoms will be fresh
in the patients memory and still new and striking. Often you will not have a never well
since or mental/ emotional symptoms in acute cases. When you do, however, remember
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that they rank higher than the physical symptoms. Here are some examples of etiologies
which are so typical for acute events that they almost certainly point to a particular
remedy.25
A finger smashed in a car door : Hypericum
A hangover from too much beer: Nux vomica
Overstraining from lifting heavy furniture: Rhus tox, Calcarea
Exposure to northeast wind : Aconite
Becoming chilled while wet e.g. from perspiration: Rhus tox.
Being struck by lightning: Phosphorus16.
Management of acute disease
The acute diseases come on sometimes with sufficient violence to cause
death to a patient. It comes like a storm, stays for a longer or a shorter period and goes
away like a storm. Either the person recovers or dies. It is cured even without medicine,
but that does not mean that we should not give medicine. We give medicines to,
2. Avoid death
3. Avoid complications
4. Shorten the duration of the disease
5. Restore the health.1,7, 22
The tissue changes in the acute condition are due to and resultant of flaring up of the
disease under the subjugated condition of the vital force. Here the disease force when it
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The first level of homeopathic treatment is very individual and is known as
acute. This is appropriate when the situation demands fairly rapid treatment. An acute
episode is generally triggered by circumstances, such as getting cold, an emotional shock
or upset, an accident, eating unwisely etc. It is generally self-limiting i.e. there is a
trigger, symptoms are produced, a crisis (peak) is reached and then recovery occurs over
a period of time, or in some severe cases death. Treatment is not always needed and will
depend on the severity of the symptoms. Sometimes this acute is a one-off occurrence
and never recurs.
However sometimes someone may suffer periodic headaches or repeated
bouts of flu or such like, or they may have a tendency to injure themselves. When these
apparent acutes are repeated, it is then necessary to take a wider view and look at what is
lying underneath. In homeopathic terms this person has `susceptibility (tendency) to
produce these symptoms because of a deeper level of underlying illness which is termed
chronic34
In acute diseases, the medicine which covers the peculiar, the uncommon,
singular and characteristic disease symptoms and patients symptoms in the greatest
number and in the greatest similarity, this medicine is the most appropriate
Homoeopathic specific remedy for the morbid state and will remove and extinguish the
disease, if it is not of very long standing by its first dose within the first hour or the first
few hours without any considerable disturbance. In short , in matching a natural disease
picture with a drug picture it is the differentiating factor , in each case , which has got to
be matched to find the remedy most similar to the patients condition for gentle, reliable ,
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harmless, and permanent cure. The differentiating factors are referred to Dr Hahnemann
as singular, uncommon, striking and peculiar features of the case. However, if sequela
develops, the case needs miasmatic remedy.
DEFINITION OF ETIOLOGY
Etiology has been defined as a study or theory of the causation of any disease: the
sum-total of knowledge regarding causes. Etiology does not concern itself' merely with
the enumeration and identification of causative factors of a disease. Etiology properly
concerns itself with the synthesis of causative factors in the pathogenesis of a disease to
enable an observer to form a comprehensive picture of the development of the disease in
all its stages. It is obvious that the type of treatment will be determined entirely by the
prevalent notions about the nature and origin of disease. A study of the changing
concepts of disease through the ages, therefore, will be of fundamental importance to a
student of therapeutics.
The Importance of Etiology
Since the dawn of medical history there has been a constant search for the causes
of the acute and chronic diseases that afflict humanity. This quest was greatly advanced
when the ancient Greek physician, Hippocrates, taught that all diseases were caused by
the predisposition inherent in the innate constitution and its susceptibility to a
constellation of causation rather than to any one single effect. In the Greek philosophy,
disease is caused by an interdependent set of circumstances disrupting the natural ebb and
flow of the pneuma (vital force) within the organism. In the Organon, Samuel
Hahnemann separated the origin of disease into two categories, the exciting and
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fundamental causes; each of these he related to the susceptibility of the physical
constitution ( 5).
REPERTORY OF CAUSATION BY CLARKE
Almost all remedies have relations of some kind to the various accidents and
conditions of ordinary life. Their symptoms are made worse or better by heat or cold, rest
or motion, by night or by day, or other circumstances or conditions. Many remedies are
related to the effects of certain conditions. This is not just the same thing as aggravation,
though allied to it and sometimes identical with it. For instance, Arnica removes .morbid
conditions (apart, of course, from surgical injuries such as broken bones) caused by falls;
Ruta relieves the effects of bruised bones. It is not correct in either case to describe these
as aggravations, and therefore I thought well to arrange such relationships under a
separate heading in the Dictionary. These I have now indexed, and repertorised, in the
subjoined list.
Although Causation and Aggravation are not the same, they are closely allied.
Rhus is related to the effects of damp weather, and appears in the list of remedies having
this Causation; but it also has its symptoms, when not caused by damp, aggravated in a
supreme degree by conditions of damp. Therefore the prescriber who uses this list of
CAUSES as a rough list of Aggravations also will not go far wrong, and may find no
little help from it in some of his cases.
Abdominal Operations.Bis
Acid Food.Na. m
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Air, Cold.Camp
Draught of.Cd. s., Lach
Draught of, cold, when perspiring.Mr. i. f.
Draught of.Cd. s., Lach
Hot, inhaled from Fire.Cb. v.
Air, Bnowy.Con., Sep
Alcohol(Ara.), Aur.,Bry., Cab., Cd. s., Cb. v., Chi., Crt. h., Dig., Gel., lach., Led.,
Lo.i , Nux. m., Nux v., Opi. Rn. b., Sel, Sep., Strp. Sul, Ter., Ver. (See also Beer;
Liquors; Wines,)
Alcoholism.Aga. Ars
Anger.Alm. Arn. Bry, Cham. Chi. Coc. I., Col., Gel, K. br., Lach. Lyco. Mez. Nat s
Nux, Opi, Phos. Sep., Stap
- Effects of- Ant t, Aur.
- Slightest- Rhus.
- Slightest fit of Ran b.
- Suppressed or reserved- Aur, Ip, Stap.
- Anxiety.Act. r., Lyc, Smb.n.
Apprehension.Ag. n
Arms, raising.Sul. a
Raising high to lift things.Rhus t.
Ascending Ca. p.
August hay fever of Cep
Autumn (epidemics of spasmodic cough) Cep. (Affections in general) K bich.
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Bad Beer,Nux. m
Eggs. -Cb. v.
Fat (rancid).(Ars), (Cb.v.)
Fish.Cb. a., Cb v. Cep
Food.Cb. v.
Liquors.Cb. v
Lobster Salad.-(Ars.)
News, hearing.Aln, Aps., Art. v., Ca. p., Gel, Ph. a, Trn
Smells.(Bap.)Kre
Vegetables.Cb. a
Water, drinking.All, Crt. h
Wines.Cb. v
Bathing, Cold.Mag. p., Phst
Fresh or Salt Water, in.Rhus t
Sea.Ars. Mag m
Bed sores.Sul. Val
Beer.(morning vomiting, Cup.), K. bi, (headache) Rhus t., Thu.
Bad.Nx. m
Bee-stings.--Urt.
Bereavement.Plat.
Bites.Hyp., Led.
Snake-bites.Lo. p., PInt
Bitter Foods.-.-Na. p.
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Blood-letting.-Se. a., Scil.
Blood-poisoning.Aga.,Lo.p.,Pyro.
Blows.Con., Hel., K. rn., K. ph., Mag. c., Phst., Pso., Sep., SuL,
Symt., Urt.
Head, on.Art. v., Mrl.
Bones, Injuries to.Hec., Rut., Symt.
Boots, Tight.Paeo.
Brain, Concussion of.Su. x.
Overworked.----Cu. a.
Bread.Na. m., Zng.
Bruises.(Arn.), Led., Li. c., Paeo., Pint., Rut., Su. x.
Burns.(or scalds) Caus., K. m., Pint., Urt.
Business Embarrassments.Act r., K. br.
Losses.K. br.
Butter..Cb. v.
Cabbage.Pet.
Camp Life.Mlr.
Care.Ars.
Carriage, Riding in.Lyo., Pet.
Carrying Heavy Weights. Rut.
Catheterism.Mag. p.
Caustic, Lunar.Na. m.
Chafing.Su. x.
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Wind.Bry., Cd. s., Mag. p.
Wind, driving in.Sg. n.
Contradiction, Effects ofAur.
Contusions._con., (enlarged testicle) Var.
Coryza, Suppressed.Chi.
Cuts.K.m., Plnt., (clean..cut wounds) Stp:
Damp..Cac., Plg.
Cellars.Ter.
Cold weather._(or warm) Gel., Lth., Mr. i. f.
Cold winds and weather, effects of exposure to.CaIc., Cep.
Cold, with.Dul, Phyt.
Sheets.Rhs.
Warm Weather.Cb. v.
WeatherGel, Lth., Sin. n., Syph.
Weather, warm or cold.Gel.
Debauchery -.Cb. v., Nux, Sel.
Decayed Vegetables, Eating.Cb. a.
Dentition.__Cham,Mag c., Mag. p., Rhe., Stn., Stp.
Deranged internal Functiong.K. m
Depressing Emotions.Gel.
Diet, Errors in.Dio., Mag. c.
Mixed.pul.
Poor,Ars.
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Disappointed Love.Act.. r., Ant. .c., Aur., Cac., Ca. p., Hel, Ign., lod., Lach., Ph. x.,
Trn., Ver.
Disappointments,- Na. m, Alm.
Discharges, suppressed.Bry., Led., Vi. o.
Dislocations.Pso., Rhe.
Displeasure, Reserved.Aur., Ipc., Stp.
Dissecting Wounds.Pyro. ..-
Distress, MentalMag. c. ...
Disturbance, EmotionalK. br.
Dog-bites.--Hfb.
Draught of air.Cd. s., Lach.
Cold,when perspiring.Mr.I. F......
Drenching Rains, Exposure to.Pho.
Drinks, Cold, when overheated.Bls., Na. c.
Drinking Ice-water.Cb.v..Rhs.
MiIk,cold.K i. ,
Driving in Cold Wind.Sg. n.
Drunkenness.Aga., Ars.
Dry, Cold Winds.Aco., Hep.
Early Rising.Mth. pi.
Eating.Cb. a.
Excess in.All, Ant. C., Bry., Dio., Na.rn.
Fish, spoiled.Cb. a., Cb. v., Cep.
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Fruit.Rho.
Fruit, unripe.Rhe.
Prunes.--.Rhe.
VealK. n.
Vegetables, decayed.Cb. a.
See also Bad Eggs, .; Butter; Cabbage; Cheese: ice
Fat; Food; Onions; Pastry; Pork; Poultry; Rice; Sausages; Sugar; Sweets.
Effluvia, Noxious.Crt. h.
Eggs, Bad.Cb. v.
Electric Shook.Mor.
States of atmosphere.Na. c.
Embarrassments, Business.K. br.
Emissions.Stp.
Emotional Disturbance.K. br.
Emotions.(Fer.), Phst., Pso., Stn.
Depressing.Gel.
Pleasurable, effects of.Cof.
Strong..Pho.
Sudden, effects of, especially pleasurable ones.Cof.
Errors in Diet.Dio.
Eruptions, Checked, Repelled, or Suppressed.Ana.., Ant. c., Aps., Bry., (Calc., Cam.
Caus., Cu. a., Dul., Hep., Ipc., Nux. m., Pet., Pb. Pso., (asthma) Ptl, (milk crust, nervous
paroxysms following Vi t, Zin.
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Examinations.Ana;.
Exanthema, Checked.Hel
Suppreseed.Ver.
Excess.See Debauchery; Eating; Sexual; and Yenery.
Excitement.(Ag. n.), Con., Scu.
MentalAga., (headache) Cod;, Sac. I.
Nervous. Arm.
Sexual, indulged in or .suppressed.K. ph.
Unusual, as going on a visit.Eps.
See also )Mental Excitement .
Exertion.-Sel
Bodily-Alm.
MentalNu. m., Pho., Pi. x., Sbd., (tremulousness and starting) Vin.
Unusual, as doing a days shopping.Eps.
Exposure.Klm.,Sg n.
Cold, to-Phyt.
Damp to- Phyt
Drenching rains, toPho.
Eyes, Injuries to.Symt.
Operations on.Aln.
Over-exertion or Strain ofOnos., Rut., (Sul.).
Failure Business.Act. r.
Falls.Lc. c., Li. c., Sep., Sti., Stp., Sul., Su. x., Symt,, Tel., Ter., Trn.
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Height, from. Mill.
Fasting.Dio.
Fat.(Cb. v.), (Ipc.), Na. m., Pul.
Food.Cb. v., Na. m., Na. p., Pul.
Meat,Thu.
Pork.Sep.
Rancid.(Ars.), (Cb. v.).
Fatigue.Act. s., Cai., (headache) Cod., Cof., Fe. pi., Pi. x., Sac. 1. (See also Journeys,
Long; Over-exertion, )
Fear.Aco., Ag. n., Cof., Glon., Gph., Lyc., Opi., Pho. (see also Fright.)
Feeding, Injudicious.Dio., Mag. c.
Feet ,wetting- _Cep., Lo. i. Pul., Xan,
Fevers.Lyc.
First, Heat of.Glo
Hot air inhaled from.Cb. v.
Fish, Bad.Cb. a., Cb. v., Cep.
Fistula, Operation for.Ca. p.
Flow, Haemorrhoidal, suppressed.Lcs.
Flowers.(fainting) Pho.
Fluids, Loss of.Calc., Cb. a., Chi., Na. m., Ph. x., Pho., Sel., Sil. (Sul.).
Food, Acid.Na.m.
Bad.Cb. v. (See also Bad Eggs, Ak.)
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Bitter.Na. p.
Fat.Cb. v., Na. m., Na. p., Pu].
Indigestible..-Ipc.
Rich.K, m.
Salt.Cb. v
Foot-sweat, Checked or suppressed.Arm., Ba. c., For., Merc, Ol. a., Si. x. (See also
Suppressions.)
Foreign Bodies.Lo. i, Sil.
Fractures.Rut.. Symt.
Fresh or Salt Water, Bathing in.Rhs.
Fright.Aco., Act. r., Act. s., Aga., Aps., Ag. n., Arn., Ars., Art. v., (effects of) Aur.,Au.
m., Bry., Calc., Coc.i., Coff., Crt.h Cup., Gel., Glon., Hyp., Ign., K. br., Lach., Lau., Lyc.,
Merc., Na. m., Nux m. , Opi., Plat., Sabd, Smb. n., Stm., Stn., Ver.,
Zin. (See also Fear.) Frost.Aga., Zic.
Fruit.Ars., Rho.
Melons.Zng.
Prunes.Rhe.
Unripe.Rhe.
Functions, Deranged InternalK. m.
Gas.Pho.
Gaslight.Na. e.
Gleet, Repeated Attacks of.Agn.
Gluttony.All., Ant. c. Bry., Dio., Nux. m.
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Gonorrhcea, Badly treated, or suppressed.Thu.
Repeated attacks of.Agn.
Suppressed.Merc., Na. s.
Grief.Aps., Ars., Art. v., Aur., Ca. p., Caus., Cich., Col., Con., Gph., Ign., Lath., Lo. s.,
Naj., Ph. x,, Pho., Phst, Smb. n., Zin.
Hair-cutting.Bel., Led., Pho.
Head, Blow on.Art. v., Mrl.
injury to.Na m., (fall) Na. s.
Wet, getting.Bel, Rhs.
Mechanical.Arn., Fe. p., K. ph. (See also Wounds.)
Nerve, to.(Hyp.), (of tooth) .Men., Xan
Periosteum, to.Symt
Shock, from.Cam., Ver.
Slightest.(spasms) Val.
Spinal, old.Ign.
Spine, lower, to.Calc.
Tetanus, likely to cause.Teu.
lnfulenza.Scu.
lntemperate Habits.Ag. n. (See also Alcohol; Beer; Debauchery; Drunkenness;
Liquors.)
Internal Functions, Deranged.K. m.
Iodide of Potassium.Aur.
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Iodine.Ars.
Jar.Sep.
Jarring.Glo., Snc.
Jealousy.Aps., Hyo., Ign., Lach.
Journeys, Long.Cof.
Joy, Sudden.Opi.. (See also Emotions. Pleasurable.)
Iabour, MentalPso.
Pain.Cham., ( nervous agitation) Scu.
Passion, Fit of.Ars., Mag. c., Na. m., Plat.
Pastry.Pul.
Periosteum, Injuries to.Symt.
Perspiration Checked.Caj., Clch., Dul.
Checked, on a. warm summers day.Fe. p.
Cold Draught during.Mr. i. f.
Physical or Nervous Overstrain.Eps. Scu.
Sweat.Caj., Calc., Clch., Dul., Fe. p., Na. c.
Suppressions.Cup., Lo i., Lo. s. Par., Stm., Sul, Zin.
Surgical Operations.Aco., Bis., (for fistula) Ca. p., (fine shooting
pains after) Cep., Ph. x., Stp., Su. x., Zin. (See also Operations.)
Swallowing.( pain in r. scapula, Caus.)
Sweat, Suppression of.(feet) Arm., (feet) Ba. c., Caj, Calc., Clch, Dul., (on a warm
day) Fe. p., (feet) For., Na. c., (feet) Ol. a., (feet) Sl. x. (See also Perspiration.)
Sweets.Thu.
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Tea.Ab. n., Chi., Coc. i., Dio., Lo.i., Pul, Sel., Strp., Thu.
Teeth, Operations on..Aln. (See also Tooth.)
Wisdom, Cutting.Chei, Mag. c.
Temperature, Changes of.Na. c.,Rn. b.
Thinking.(headache) As mt., Sbd.
Thunder, Thunderstorms ,Storms.Gel., Mor., Na. c, Na. p., Nt. s.d., Pho., Pso., Pul.,
Rho., Syph.
Tight Boots.Paeo.
Tobacco.Ab. n., (in boys) Ag. n., Ars., Ch. ar., Lo. i., (chewing) Lyc., (amblyopia)
Pho., (heart) Scu., (neuralgia) Sep., Spi., Stp., Strp., Thu., Ver.
Tooth, Broken in, injuries to nerves.Men.
Extraction.Ter. (See also Teeth.)
Travelling.Coc.i . (See also Riding.)
by Sea.Ars., Pet., Ther.
Typhoid Fever.(remote effects of) Pyro.
Unpleasant News.Ca. p. (Sec also Bad News.)
Unrequited Love.Ph. x., Trn. (See also Disappointed Love.)
Unripe Fruit.Rhe.
Unusual Excitement or Exertion, as going on a visit, or shopping -- Eps.
Vaccination.(Aps.), K. m., Mld., Mez., Sil., Sko., Thu.
Veal.K. n.
Vegetables, Decayed, Eating.Cb. a.
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Venery.Ag. n., (vaginitis in the female, from, impotence in the male) Arn., Calc. (See
also Sexual Excess.)
Venesection.Se. a., Scil.
Vexation.Ant. t., Aps. Au. m. (jaundice) Au. m. n. Cam., Ipe, Lach., Lyc., Mag. c.,
Pet., Plat., Scro., (and anger) Sep. (See also Chagrin.)
Visit, Going on a.Eps.
Voice, Using.Stn.
Wading.Dul. (See also Water, Chill in the, )
Walking.Sel.
Washing.Dul.
Clothes.(headache) Pho., Ther. (See also Laundry Work.)
Floor.Mer. bin.
Water, Bad, drinking-All. Crt. h.
Chill in the.Ars.
Cold, bathing inMag. p. Phst.
Water, Cold, standing in.Mag. p.
Fresh or salt, bathing in.Rhs.
Ice-water, drinking.Cb. v., Rhs.
Sea, bathing in.Ars., Mag. m.
Working in.(Calc.) (See also Wading.)
Weather, Changes ofCb. v., Mer. bin. Rn. b.
Cold and damp.Cep., Lth, Mer: i. f.
Damp.Sin. n., Syph.
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Damp, warm, or cold.Gel.
Hot.Ant.c , K.bi.
Stormy.Nt. a. d., Pso., Rho. (See also Storms.)
Warm .Lach.
Warm and damp..Cb. v.
Winter.Sg. n.
Weights, Heavy, carrying.Rut
Wet, Getting.Ca.p, Clch., Mlr., Mer. bin., Rho., Sep., Vis., Xan..
Feet.Cep., Lo.i, Pul., Xan.
Head.Bel.
Heated, when.Rhs.
Overheated, when.Bis.
Winds.Klm.
Cold.Bry., Cd. s., Mag. p.
Cold and damp.Cep. -
Cold, driving in.Sg. n.
Cold, dry.Aco., Hep.
Walking in.Bel.
Wines.(Ac.l), Cof., Lyc., Nat. m.
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