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awmhexpression statementstaMumif;udk em;vnf oabmaygufoGm;avmufygNyD/

Null SNull SNull SNull SNull Statement (thetatement (thetatement (thetatement (thetatement (thedododododonothingnothingnothingnothingnothingoperator)operator)operator)operator)operator)Null Statementsqkdwmuawmhprogram flowudk xdef;

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ListingListingListingListingListing 1.91.91.91.91.9A demonstration ofArithmeticoperator (OR) Maths operator

1. classArithClass {2. public static void main (String [ ]args) {

3. int a, b, x;4. a = 100, b = 50;5. x = a-b;6. System.out.print("Diffterence = "+ x);7. }8. }OutputDifference = 50

Analysis

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2/ vdkif;eHygwf 3 rSmawmha, b, xqkdwJh ukd,fpm;vS,fudef;awGudkint data typeokH;NyD;awmhDeclasevkyfxm;ygw,f/aemufwpfaMumif;rSmrSa&JUwefzkd;[m100, b&JU wefzkd;[m50vdk Y oD;oefYaMunmxm;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh program

wGufcsufaeoa&GUawmh 'Dwefzkd;[m udef;aoyJaygh/3/ vkdif;eHygwf 5 rSmawmhx[m axJu bukdEkwfw,fqkdwJh

formulaudk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ uJ 'Dawmh au 100yg/ bu 50yg/ x = 100-50vdkY a&;xm;wmeJY twlwl

ygyJ/ 'Dawmh x = 50qkdwJhtajzudk &NyD;awmh Java BytecodetaeeJY memoryrSm Loadvkyfxm;ygw,f/

4/ vkdif;eHygwf 6 rSmawmhSystem.out.print(" Dif-ference ="+x);qdkNyD; tajzxkwfvkdufwJhtcgrSm OutputtaeeJY Difference=50qkdwJhtajzudkvmjyygw,f/

5/ vkdif;eHygwf 7 rSm main ( ) function&JU closebrace}uk d vmydwfxm;ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 8 rSmawmh pri-mary class&JU closebrace }ud k vmydwfxm;wmudk

awGU&rSmyg/ 'Dawmhprogram[m NyD;oGm;ygNyD/ 'D List-ing[m ArithmeticoperatortaMumif;udk em;vnfoGm;

atmif &Sif;jywJh sampleav;ygyJ/ odyfrcufcJygbl;/

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AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment OperatorOperatorOperatorOperatorOperatorAssignment Operator&JU t"dym,fuawmhA&JU wefzkd;

[m 10jzpfw,f/ Buawmh ol[m A&JU 2q&Sdw,fvkdY ajym

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cHNyD; wGufvkdY&wmudk programmingvkyfwJhtcgrSm assignvkyfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ ListingawGeJY aemufykdif;rSm aoaocsmcsm&Sif;jyay;ygr,f/ tay:rSma&;jycJhwmudksamplea&;jyygr,f/samplesamplesamplesamplesample

inta=10;//declare aandhis amount is 10int b =a+a;//b =20

uJ 'g[m assignmentoperatorukd tajccHa&;jywmygyJ/ trSefwu,f Assignment operatortaMumif;udka&;&wmuawmhIncrementoperator( + +),Decrementoperator (- -)tygt0if tjcm; Logicalqefqef a&;om;

&wmygyJ/ 'gawGudk atmufrSm OyrmtaeeJYyJ &Sif;jyNyD;awmhusef wmawGukdawmhListingawGeJY wGufjyNyD; Line ByLineMethodeJY &Sif;jyyghr,f/

a = 10;a= b;//b is 10a[m 10yg/ a eJY b [m nDw,f/ 'Dawmhb &JU wefzkd;uvnf;10 yJaygh/

a = 6;b=a++;//b is 7a[m 6yg/ b[m axuf (audk 1aygif;xm;w,fqkdawmh)b[m 7aygh/ 'Dae&mrSm a + +;qkdwm incrementoperator

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t"dym,fuawmh ajymif;vJEkdifwJhwefzkd;awG[m (=) Equalsign&JU right sidebufrSm &Sd&ygr,f/ 'gukdrvaluevkdY

od&ygr,f/ uJ tvG,fa&;jyygr,f/

x=35;//OK'Dvkda&;awmhx&JU wefzkd;[m 35aygh/ rSefygw,f/ wu,fvkdY10xnfhNyD; aygif;r,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/

x + 35 +10;//OK!right

'gvnf; rSefygao;w,f/ nmbufuajymif;vJEdkifwJh udef;wef;zkd;yg0ifEkdifvkdY rvaluevkdY ac:wmaygh/ uJqufMunhfygOD;/

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ajymif;vJvkdYr&wJh (+) (-) (+) (/) (%) vkyf&r,fhwefzkd;ukd,fpm;vS,fudef; (OR)ukd,fpm;vS,ftu&m

tu&m (char)onf (char)onfLvalue = Rvalue

uJ 'DvkdrSwfxm;r,fqkd&ifawmh Assignment OperatortaMumif;udk em;vnfoabmaygufNyD;awmh a&;wJhtcgrSmrrSm;Ekdifawmhbl;ayghaemf/ uJ qufvufNyD;awmhArithmetic(Maths) operatorseJY Assignment operatorswkdYudk aygif;

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sampleav;upNyD; avhvmMumwmaygh/samplesamplesamplesamplesample

intmyAge = 5;inttemp;temp= myAge+2;//add 5 + 2 put it in tempmyAge= temp; l//put it back myAge

System.out.println (myAge); //output'D sampleav;udkMunfh&if myAge&JU wefzkd;u 5yg/

temp = myAge + 2;vkdY a&;wJhtwGuftemp = 5 +2; temp= 7&vmNyDaygh/ 'Dae&mrSm odxm;&rSmu tempqkdwm ukd,f

pm;vS,fudef;yg/ ukd,fpm;vS,fvkdY bmvkdYajymovJqkdawmhtemp[m wGufcsufvkdY&xm;wJhtajzudk olYtaeeJY ,m,D

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a&;rdNyD; errorawG wufvmEkdifygw,f/ 'Dawmh assign-ment operatorukd tokH;jyKNyD;awmh 'Dvkda&;&if ykdvG,frSmaygh/samplesamplesamplesamplesample

intmyAge=5;myAge =myAge+ 2; //add 5 + 2

uJ 'Dvkda&;vkdufawmh ykdrvG,fbl;vm;/ Algebia ex-pression taeeJYMunfhr,fqkd&ifawmh t"dym,fr&Sdayr,fh

JAVA InterpretertaeeJYuawmh myAge&JU rlvwefzkd; 5xJudk 2aygif;csif;[m myAgeyJvkdY oabmaygufNyD; aemuf

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samplesamplesamplesamplesample

int myAge = 5;

myAge + = 2; // self-assign addition

'Dvkda&;NyD; tajzxkwfvkdufjcif;tm;jzifh7qkdwJhtajzudk&rSmygyJ/ 'Dvkda&;wmudkSelf-assignvkyfw,fvkdYac:ygw,f/Self-assignvkyf&mrSm (+=) additiontjyifSubstraction(- =), division (/ =), multiplication (* =)eJY modulus (%=)awGudkvnf; a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ Listing 1.7tNyD; Incre-menteJY Decrement operatortcef;rSm &Sif;jyNyD;ayr,fh

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Relational OperatorRelational OperatorRelational OperatorRelational OperatorRelational Operator

Relational OperatorsawGudkTable 1.4rSm a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/

TTTTTable 1.4able 1.4able 1.4able 1.4able 1.4 The Relational OperatorThe Relational OperatorThe Relational OperatorThe Relational OperatorThe Relational Operator

Name Operator Sample Evaluates

Equals = = 100 = =50; false

50 = = 50; true

Not Equals ! = 100! = 50; true50 != 50; false

Greater Than > 100 > 50; true

50 > 50; false

Greater Than > = 100 > = 50; true

or Equals 50 > = 50; true

Less Than < 100 < 50; false

50 < 50; false

Less Than < = 100 < = 50; false

or Equals 50 < = 50; true

'D operatorsawGuawmh tao;pdwf&Sif;jyp&mrvdkygbl;/ tvG,fwulodNyD;om;awGyJrkdY ListingawGrSmyJ aoao

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&if1 (TRUE)? r[kwfcJh&if 0(FALSE)qkdNyD; a&G;cs,fp&m

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tokH;jyKEkdifygw,f/ tcktcgrSmawmhBoolean typeukd tokH;


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Listing 1.10Listing 1.10Listing 1.10Listing 1.10Listing 1.10Ademonstration ofbraching baredon relationaloperators1. class RelaClass {2. public static void main ( String args

[ ] ) {3. int RedSox, Yankee;4. RedSox = 9, Uamlee = 18'5. if (RedSox > Yankee) System.out.println

("RedSox Score!");6. if (RedSox < Yankee) System.out.println

("Yankee Score!");7. if(RedSox == Yankee) System.out.println

("Equal Score!");8. }9. }outputYankee Score!Analysis

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ukd zefwD;NyD;awmhopen brace {

ukd pwifxm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/

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&ayr,fh tckrS tajccHupNyD; avhvmolawG rsufpd&Sif;atmifvkdY vkdif;cGJNyD;awmh a&;jy&wmyg/

3/ vkdif;eHygwf 5 rSmawmh if statementudk okH;NyD; Rela-tional operatoreJY wGJzufNyD;awmhRedSox[m Yan-

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mentukd tvkyfqufvkyfp&mrvkdygbl;/ EscapejzpfNyD;

awmh aemufwpfaMumif;udk qif;oGm;rSmyg/

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tcgrSm Yankee Score!qkdwJhtajzudk OutputtaeeJYvmjyygw,f/

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mentudk tvkyf qufrvkyfbJ escapejzpfNyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf 8 rSm a&;xm;wJh min ( ) function&JU closebrace }qDukd qif;oGm;ygNyD/

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udkListing 1.4rSm xnfhoGif;a&;om;NyD;ygNyD/ 'gayr,fh ouf

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chapter 2upNyD;awmh tqifhjrifhykpmawGcsnf;yJ wGufcsuf&

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LogicalLogicalLogicalLogicalLogical OperatorOperatorOperatorOperatorOperatorLogical operatorsawGuawmh atmufrSm Table 1.5

taeeJY a&;jyxmygw,f/ Logicaloperators[m omref

operators(tjcm; Arithmetic,Assign,RelationalpwJhoperators)awGxuf ykdeufeJNyD;awmh awG;ac:arQmfjrifokH;oyf

rIawG yg0ifygw,f/ Operatorswpfckcsif;pDudk oD;oefY &Sif;jyygr,f/

TTTTTableableableableable1.51.51.51.51.5TheTheTheTheTheLogicalLogicalLogicalLogicalLogicalOperatorsOperatorsOperatorsOperatorsOperators

Operators Symbol Example

AND && expression1&&expression 2OR || expression1|| expression 2NOT | |expression

uJ 'DZ,m;rSmyg0ifwJh Logical operators&JU symbol

av;awgudk rSwfrdatmifMunfhNyD;&ifawmh atmufrSm Logi-caloperatorsawGudk wpfckcsif;pD&Sif;jywmudk avhvmMunfh

yg/ tvGefta&;BuD;wJhtwGuf aoaocsmcsmavhvmyg/

LogicalLogicalLogicalLogicalLogical ANDANDANDANDAND

Logical ANDoperator&JU pGrf;aqmifrIuawmh tqkdjyK

csufESpfckvkH; rSefuefrSomvQif tJ'DtqkdjyKcsufukd vufcHrSmyg/tu,f wpfcsufcsufuom rSm;ae&ifawmh tJ'DtqkdjyKcsufawG[m vufcHjcif; r&SdEkdifawmhygbl;/ OyrmtaeeJY &Sif;jy&&ifawmh

uJ 'Dawmh tqkdjyKcsuf expression 1uawmh rSefygNyD/ qmaew,faygh/ Expression 2uawmh rif;aiGa&myg&JUvm;?

qkdNyD; tqkdjyKxm;ygw,f/ xrif;qmayr,fh aiGomryg&ifawmh pm;vkdY&yghrvm;?r&Ekdifygbl;/ 'Dawmh aiGygygw,fqkdwJhtqkdjyKcsufukd vufcHvkdufygNyD/ uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh

xrif;vnf;qmw,f/ AND (NyD;awmh) aiGvnf;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh xrif;pm;vkdY&NyDayghaemf/ 'DtawG;tac:enf;Methodav;udk avhvmMunfhr,fqkd&if AND (&&) op-eratortaMumif;udk tajccHawmh em;vnfoGm;rSmyg/ Ex-pression 1eJY expression 2qkdwJh tqkdjyKcsufESpfcsufpvkH;

rSefrSomvQif aemufu tvkyfukd qufvkyfrSmyg/ ProgramcodetaeeJYa&;&ifawmhANDvkdY a&;vkdYr&ygbl;/ (&&)

qkdwJhSymbolav;udkyJ tokH;jyK&rSmyg/ atmufrSm sample

taeeJY a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/ Logicalpoerator ANDukdif statementeJYwGJNyD; okH;jyxm;ygw,f/samplesamplesamplesamplesample

if((x==5)&&(y==5))System.out.print("Equal!");

t"dym,fuawmh xuvnf; 5eJYnDNyD; y[mvnf; 5eJYnDrSomvQifEqual!qkdwJhtajzudk xkwfay;EkdifrSmyg/ tu,f

xonf 5eJYrnD&ifjzpfap okdYwnf;r[kwf yonf 5eJYrnDcJh&ifjzpfjzpf wpfckckuom 5eJYrnDcJh&ifawmhEqualqkdwJhoutputukd xkwfay;Ekdifyghrvm;?rxkwfay;Ekdifygbl;/ 'g[mAND (&&) operatorukdusevkyfwJhenf;ygyJ/ aoaocsmcsm

om avhvmMunfhr,fqkd&if tvGeftokH;0ifwJh operatorjzpfaMumif;udk awGU&rSmyg/ aemuf chapterawG&JU ListingawGrSmxnfhoGif;tokH;jyKNyD; &Sif;jyygr,f/ qufvufNyD; LogicalOr (!!) operatorukd avhvmMunfhMuygOD;pkdY/

Logical ORLogical ORLogical ORLogical ORLogical OR

Logical OR operator&JU pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIuawmh wpfckr[kwf wpfckqdkwJh pGrf;aqmif&nfyJjzpfygw,f/ tqkdjyKcsufexpressionESpfckxJu wpfckrSef&ifjzpfap? ESpfckpvkH;rSefonf

jzpfap olY&JUaemufu tvkyfukd qufvkyfcGifhjyKrSmyg/ OyrmtaeeJYa&;jyygr,f/

expression 1 expression 2 statement

rif;xrif;wu,f AND(NyD;awmh) aiGa&m 'grSom xrif;qmaeovm;? yg&JUvm;?pm;vkdY&rSmaygh/

operator

expression 1 operator expression 2 statementrif;rSm OR ta


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avhvmMunfhygOD;/Listing 1.12Listing 1.12Listing 1.12Listing 1.12Listing 1.12 Using while statement forMore compact1. class whiletest{2. public static void main(String

args [ ]){3. int i=1;4. while (i !=6){

5. System.out.println(i);

6. i=i+2; }7. }

8. }Output135679.....Analysis

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Listing 1.13Listing 1.13Listing 1.13Listing 1.13Listing 1.13 Illustrate in do-while LoopingIn JAVA Language

1. class doWhileClass {2. public static void main (String args[ ]){

3. int i=0;4. do { System.out.println ("Value of i="

+i);5. i=i+1;6. } while (i


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a[0] = 1.2a[1] = 3.6

a[2] = 2.7

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Figure 1-3 One-dimensional arrayFigure 1-3 One-dimensional arrayFigure 1-3 One-dimensional arrayFigure 1-3 One-dimensional arrayFigure 1-3 One-dimensional array


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type use

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79

Analysis

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JAVA Developer Guideukd ykdYcswJhtcg yxrqkH;taeeJYpwifykdYcswJh API methodygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh aemuf Listing


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args){3. String[]Hello = new string[3];4. Hello[0]="JAVA Developer Guide";5. Hello[1]="Kyaw Zayar Lay.";6. Hello[2]='IT Engineering.";7. for(int i=0; i


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Figure 1.5 How data of a two-dimensional array isFigure 1.5 How data of a two-dimensional array isFigure 1.5 How data of a two-dimensional array isFigure 1.5 How data of a two-dimensional array isFigure 1.5 How data of a two-dimensional array is

stored in a main memory unitstored in a main memory unitstored in a main memory unitstored in a main memory unitstored in a main memory unit

10. for(int i=0;i


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A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)

A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)

Figure 1-6 Developing a three-dimensional array intoFigure 1-6 Developing a three-dimensional array intoFigure 1-6 Developing a three-dimensional array intoFigure 1-6 Developing a three-dimensional array intoFigure 1-6 Developing a three-dimensional array into

a two-dimensional arraya two-dimensional arraya two-dimensional arraya two-dimensional arraya two-dimensional array

A(1,1,1)A(1,1,1)A(1,1,1)A(1,1,1)A(1,1,1)A(1,1,2)A(1,1,2)A(1,1,2)A(1,1,2)A(1,1,2)

A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,1)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)A(1,2,2)

A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,1)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)A(1,3,2)

A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1) A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)

A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,1)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)A(2,1,2)

A(2,2,1)A(2,2,1)A(2,2,1)A(2,2,1)A(2,2,1)A(2,2,2)A(2,2,2)A(2,2,2)A(2,2,2)A(2,2,2)

A(2,3,1)A(2,3,1)A(2,3,1)A(2,3,1)A(2,3,1)A(2,3,2)A(2,3,2)A(2,3,2)A(2,3,2)A(2,3,2)

Second planeSecond planeSecond planeSecond planeSecond plane

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ColumnColumnColumnColumnColumn

PlanePlanePlanePlanePlane

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Main ()Main ()Main ()Main ()Main ()

{{{{{ SSSSStatement;tatement;tatement;tatement;tatement;

func1 ();func1 ();func1 ();func1 ();func1 ();

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ProgramProgramProgramProgramProgram

retumretumretumretumretum

func1func1func1func1func1

retum;retum;retum;retum;retum;





Statement

func3();


>

>

0

f (k-1) X kf (k)

End

1f (k)

No

Step 1: As a preparatory step, pointers i and j must be

initialized.

- i is at the left end, that is 1.

- j is at the last position but a (7) of the pivot, that

is 6.

Step 2-1: i is mived to the right until an element

larger than the pivot is detected.

Step 2-2: J is moved to the left until an element

smaller than the pivot is detected.

Step 2-3: a (i) is exchanged with a (j).

Step 2-4: Step 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 are repeated until

i j.

Step 2-5: a (i) is exchanged with the pivot at the right

end.

Figure 1.12 Algotrithm of the quick sort method

Moving data

Rollof

dataitem

Pivot

Rollof

dataitem

Data items

smaller than

the pivot

Data items

larger than

the pivot

Data items

smaller than 8Data items

larger than 8Pivot

(Example) 6 1 7 4 3 8 12 11 13 9

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Figure 10.13 Algorithm of the quick sort method

Divide

si

e-1j

a (e)PIVOT

Loop 1

i j

Loop 2

i j

or a (i) PIVOT

i + 1 i

Loop 2

Loop 3

i j

or PIVOTa (j)

j-1j

Loop 3

i : j

a (i)SAVE

a (j)SAVE

a (j)a (i)

SAVEa (j)

Loop 1

a (i)SAVE

a (e)a (i)

SAVEa (j)

return j

Divide

si

e-1j

a (e)PIVOT

Loop 1

i j

Loop 2

i j

or a (i) PIVOT

i + 1 i

Loop 2

Loop 3

i j

or PIVOTa (j)

j-1j

Loop 3

i : j

a (i)SAVE

a (j)SAVE

a (j)a (i)

SAVEa (j)

Loop 1

a (i)SAVE

a (e)a (i)

SAVEa (j)

return j

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Listing 2.24 use my own package method in JAVA

1. import calculate .Cal;2. public class testOwnPackage {

3. public statevoid main (string args [ ] )}4. cal obj = new cal ( ) ;5. double Length = 9.0 ;6. double width = 11.0;

7. public

getArea

(double L, double w)

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Area is 99

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