jazz & blues general music presentation
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given in a general music methods course at the University of Miami on April 27, 2010. Topic is teaching jazz and blues in secondary general music courses.TRANSCRIPT
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Teaching Music in the Historical Setting
Blues and Jazz
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What IS Jazz?“Man, if you have to ask what it
is, you’ll never know.”
–Louis Armstrong
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Improvisation was the main source of melody
Blues Scale was widely used “Blue Note” – Lowered 5th Scale Degree
Musical Characteristics-Melody
“Blue” Note
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Swing Style-Asymmetrical 8th Notes
Accent on upbeats Other Styles:
◦ Shuffle◦ Waltz◦ Ballad◦ Latin (Salsa, Bossa Nova, Afro-Cuban)
Musical Characteristics-Rhythm/Style
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Blues Form◦ 12-Bar form separated into three sections◦ I I I I | IV IV I I | V7 V7 I I◦ Extensions:
IV in measure 9 ii-V7 in last measure (“turnaround”) Turn mm. 9-12 into one big turnaround:
Musical Characterstics-Form
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Extreme dynamics on both ends◦ Miles Davis◦ Dizzy Gillespie
Pushing the envelope of extremes
Experimenting with new sounds
Emotional vocal timbres
Musical Characteristics-Dynamics/Timbre
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Extreme tempi on both ends◦ “Jumpin’ at the Woodside” – Count Basie◦ “Naima” – John Coltrane
Pushing the envelope-“As Fast as Possible”
Musical Characteristics-Tempo
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Small Ensembles (Combos)◦ Horn Players (Trumpet, Sax, Trombone, etc.)◦ Rhythm Section (Piano, Bass, Guitar, Drums)◦ Sometimes included vocalist◦ Sizes Varied (duet/trios up to eight or more)
Large Ensembles (Big Band)◦ Horns (5 Saxophones, 4 Trombones, 4 Trumpets)◦ Rhythm Section (Piano, Bass, Guitar, Drums)◦ Sometimes included vocalist or “featured”
instrumentalist
Musical Characteristics-Texture/Instrumentation
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How Did We Get Here?
Historical/Socio-Cultural Contexts
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Map - http://bit.ly/jazzmap◦ Africa◦ Plantations◦ New Orleans◦ Chicago◦ New York◦ Los Angeles
Beginnings of Jazz
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The Blues◦ Call-and-Response “work songs” on plantations◦ “Lament” style lyrics◦ Primarily string instruments (drums not allowed)
New Orleans◦ The “birthplace” of the blues◦ Louis Armstrong becomes popular
Socio-Cultural Contexts
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Inter-Related Arts: Painting
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Inter-Related Arts: Sculpture
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Inter-Related Arts: Architecture
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Additional Information
Performance PracticeVocal/Instrumental TrendsComposers
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Swing Performance Practice◦ Heavy accent on beats two and four (backbeat)◦ Accented upbeats
Exploring new instrumental techniques◦ Trumpet-Growls, Shakes, ½ Valve◦ Saxophone-Altissimo Register◦ Trombone-Growls, Shakes, Glissandi◦ Came from a need to express emotion in a
different way
Performance Practice
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Vocal/Instrumental Trends Remember: Jazz roots
were vocal! Instrumental jazz
became predominant Louis Armstrong
brings improv to voice Billie Holliday
continues the tradition
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Duke Ellington (1899-1974)◦ Prolific bandleader/composer of jazz music◦ “Take the ‘A’ Train”◦ “Do Nothing ‘Till You Hear From Me”◦ “It Don’t Mean a Thing…”
Count Basie (1904-1984)◦ Bandleader and composer◦ Laid-back style
Thad Jones (1923-1986)◦ Continued jazz composition into middle of century◦ Wrote for his band, along with Mel Lewis
Composers
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Supportive MaterialsListening/Composition Lessons
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Compare/Contrast Jazz Styles◦ Blues/Swing-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9cM3ALga80◦ Blues/Dixieland-http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_WbQYdQty0◦ Solo Piano-http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0t8WSu6Tcc Discuss diversity of Jazz
Listening Lesson #1
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Links:◦ Student Handout/File: http://bit.ly/cceK3O◦ Lesson Plan: http://bit.ly/cVwgyO
Composition Assignment
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Rhythmic Differences-Dave Brubeck◦ “The Duke” ◦ “Take Five”◦ “Blue Rondo a la Turk”
Discussion on use of rhythm in dances Is “Blue Rondo” easy or difficult to dance to?
Listening Lesson #2
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“Goodbye! (Yesterday)”Buddy Rich Big Band