jean mark gawron linguistics san diego state university … · 2016-03-23 · 1. a jogger ran...

Syntax Assignment:Model Answers

Jean Mark Gawron

Linguistics

San Diego State University

[email protected]

http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/∼gawron

Syntax Assignment:Model Answers – p. 1/20

1. A jogger ran toward the end of the lane

Det N V P Det N P Det N

2. These tall trees are blocking the road

Det Adj N Aux V Det N

3.Jeremy will play the trumpet and the drums in he orchestra

N Aux V Det N Conj Det N P Det N


Prepositions

Prepositions about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at,before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by,despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like,near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, since, through,throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon,with, within, without

Where is X? above, across, against, along, among, around, at, behind, be-low, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, in, inside,into, near, off, on, out, outside, over, past, through, throughout,under, underneath, up, upon

Locativ

Where is X headed? to, into, toward

Where is X coming from ? from

When is X? after, before, by, during, since, until, till Tempor

Others (Common) about, with, of


Auxiliary

will, should, can, must, may, might, shall, would, do, have, be

Yes-no question test:

John has left.

Has John left? Has is an Aux

John made Mary leave

* Made John Mary leave? Made is not an Aux

John left.

Did John leave? Did is an Aux


Ex. 3

Head and specifier

NP�� HH

Det

the

N’

N

zoo

NP

�� HH

Det

this

N’

N

house

VP

�� HH

Adv

always

V’

V

try

AP

��

HH

Deg

very

A’

A

competent

AP

�� HH

Deg

so

A’

A

witty

VP

��

HH

Adv

perhaps

V’

V

pass


Ex. 2, ctd.

Head and specifier]

VP

��

HH

Adv

never

V’

V

surrender

AP

�� HH

Deg

less

A’

A

bleak

NP

��

HH

Det

those

N’

N

books


Ex. 4: Head, complement, specifierPP

P’

��

HH

P

into

NP

�� HH

Det

the

N

house

VP

V’

��

HHH

V

fixed

NP

��

HH

Det

the

N’

N

telephone

AP

A’

��

HH

A

full

PP

P’

��

HH

P

of

NP

N

mistakes

PP

��

�

HH

H

Deg

more

P’

��

HHH

P

toward

NP

��

HH

Det

the

N

window


Ex. 4: Head, complement, specifier

NP

��

HHH

Det

a

N’

��

HHH

N

film

PP

P’

��

HH

P

about

NP

N’

N

pollution


Ex. 4: Head, complement, specifier

Specifier attaches high.VP

��

�

HH

H

Adv

always

V’

��

HHH

V

study

NP

��

HH

Det

this

N

material

Complement attaches low.

Head of the phrase


Ex. 5IP

��

��

HH

HH

NP

��

HH

Det

Those

N

guests

I’

��

HH

I

should

VP

V

leave

IP

��

�

HH

H

NP

N

Maria

I’

��

�

HH

H

I

+Pst

VP

��

HHH

Adv

never

V’

��

HH

V

ate

NP

��

HH

Det

a

N

brownie


Ex. 5IP

��

��

HH

HH

NP

��

HH

Det

The

N

student

I’

��

HHH

I

+Pst

VP

��

HH

V

lost

NP

�� HH

Det

the

N

debate

IP

��

��

HH

HH

NP

N

Mariane

I’

��

��

HH

HH

I

could

VP

��

�

HH

H

V

become

AP

��

HHH

Deg

quite

A’

��

HH

A

fond

PP�� HH

P

of

NP

N

LarrySyntax Assignment:Model Answers – p. 11/20

Mistakes I

Wrong Right

NP

N’

��

HHH

PP��HH

Deg

full

P

of

N

mistakes

AP

A’

��

HH

Adj

full

PP

P’

��

HH

P

of

NP

N

mistakes

1. Part of speech full: Adjective

2. P

of

N

mistakes

⇒

PP

��

HH

P

of

NP

N

mistakes

Prep complement: NP


Modifier Principles

Modifier Head Position Pattern

Adverb Verb never

smile

SpecifierVP

�� HH

Adverb V’

V

Deg Adj

Prep

right

under the table

SpecifierAP

�� HH

Deg Adj’

Adj

PP��HH

Deg P’

P

Det N the

book

SpecifierNP

��HH

Det N’

N

PP N or V the book

on the table

ComplementNP

��

HH

Det N’��HH

N PP

VP

V’��HH

V PP

Adj N red

book

SpecifierNP

��HH

Adj N’

NSyntax Assignment:Model Answers – p. 13/20

Mistakes II

Wrong Right

IP

��

��

HH

HH

NP

��

HH

N

Maria

Adv

never

VP

��

HH

V

ate

NP

��

HH

Det

a

N

brownie

IP

��

�

HH

H

NP

N

Maria

VP

V’

��

HHH

Adv

never

��

HH

V

ate

NP

��

HH

Det

a

N

brownie

1. Every phrase has a head: IP (I’, I)

2. Adverbs never EVER modify Nouns

3. When in doubt, draw BOTH trees. Looking at them decidewhich one is a better fit with the principles of tree-drawing.


Mistakes III: Heads

Wrong Right

S

��

HHH

V

fixed

NP

��

HH

Det

the

N

telephone

VP

��

HHH

V

fixed

NP

��

HH

Det

the

N

telephone

S

��

HH

Adj

full

PP

��

HH

P

of

NP

N

mistakes

AP

��

HH

Adj

full

PP

��

HH

P

of

NP

N

mistakes

A phrase headed by a

8

<

:

V is a VP

an Adj is an APSyntax Assignment:Model Answers – p. 15/20

Mistakes IV

Wrong Right

VP

��

��

HH

HH

V’

��

HH

Adv

always

V

study

NP

��

HH

Det

this

N

material

VP

��

�

HH

H

Adv

always

V’

��

HHH

V

study

NP

��

HH

Det

this

N

material

S

��

�

HH

H

N’�� HH

Det

a

N

film

VP

��

HH

V

about

NP

N

pollution

NP

N’

��

HHH

Det

a

N’

��

HHH

N

film

PP

��

HH

P

about

NP

N

pollutionSyntax Assignment:Model Answers – p. 16/20

Errors

1. Specifiers attach HIGH; complements low.

2. about is a preposition, not a verb


Complete sentences

A film about pollution: Is it a sentence?

1. This is NOT a sentence (Yes/no question test):

* Does a film about pollution?* About a film pollution?Is the film about pollution? [Must add be to MAKE it a sentence]

Other examples:

That John left * Did that John leave?

* Did that John left?

For John to leave now * To for John leave now?

* Did John to leave now?

Because John left * Did because John leave?

John left Did John leave?


Tree vocab I

SentenceIP

��

HHH

NP I’

�� HH

I

+Pst

VP

V

IP

��

HHH

NP I’

�� HH

I

Aux

VP

V

Prepositional phrasePP

��HH

P NP

Noun phraseNP

��HH

Det N

NP

��

HH

Det N’��HH

N PP


Tree Vocab II

Adjective PhraseAP

��HH

Deg A

AP�� HH

Deg A’

A

PP

Verb PhraseVP

��HH

Adv V

VP

��

HH

Adv V’��HH

V NP


jean mark gawron linguistics san diego state university … · 2016-03-23 · 1. a jogger ran...

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