jed magazine 2011-06
DESCRIPTION
Journal of electronic defence magazineTRANSCRIPT
© 2011 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
ELECTRONIC WARFARESYSTEMS
PROTECTINGTHE MISSION
AND THOSE WHOMUST COMPLETE IT.
Effectors that provide state-of-the-art jamming and countermeasure capabilities. Sensors that enhance situational awareness. Integrated EW
systems that give warfi ghters control of the electromagnetic spectrum. They’re all part of Raytheon’s combat-proven electronic warfare
systems—and can be integrated into platforms across land, sea and air. So key decision-makers
all over the world can count on the innovative technology they need to complete the
mission and save lives.
INNOVATION IN ALL DOMAINS
Follow us on: @raytheoncompany
www.raytheon.com | Keyword: EWS1
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The World’s
Also in this issue:French EW
EW Upgrades for Fighter Aircraft
Technology Survey: Airborne IR Decoys and Dispensers
JUNE 2011Vol. 34, No. 6
SIGINT Aircraft
ITT’s advances in providing the next generation of aircraft survivability equipment
are another example of our constant commitment to the warfighter. This year, we
took our next generation of IRCM solutions beyond simulation, successfully flight
testing a fully integrated IRCM system on service aircraft in operational scenarios.
By taking aircraft survivability to the next level, ITT’s IRCM joins a six-decade heritage
of force protection leadership in electronic warfare. To learn more, please visit www.es.itt.com.
Protecting lifelines with the next generation of IR defense.
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NewsThe Monitor 15
USAF UAV-Borne Comms Jammer
Moving Forward.
Washington Report 26
HASC Makes No Cuts in FY12 Defense
Authorization Bill Markup
World Report 28
India Advances Fighter Jet Competition,
Plans Mirage Upgrade.
FeaturesThe World’s SIGINT Aircraft 30
Martin Streetly
Advances in digitization, miniaturization,
reliability and processing have all come
together to create much more fl exible
SIGINT architectures that facilitate plug and
play, virtually on the fl y updating and which
increasingly feature data hand-off capabilities in
real- or close to real-time.
Upgrading Fighter Aircraft 42
Gábor Zord
With tight defense budgets, as well as longer
and costlier development cycles of new fi ghter
platforms, upgrades to legacy airframes
represent a logical, necessary or sometimes the
only option for virtually all air arms around the
world.
Country Profi le:
France’s EW Programs 54
Tom Withington
As the country continues to support operations
across the globe, JED looks at how the French
Army, Navy and Air Force are modernizing EW
programs to continue its missions.
Technology Survey: Airborne 59
Dispensers and IR Expendables
Ollie Holt
Flare and dispenser technologies continue to
evolve. This year’s survey features nearly 30
dispensers and 34 IR decoy and fl are products
from more than 15 companies.
2011 AOC Election Guide 71
Your guide to the candidates and voting
procedures for July’s AOC Board of Directors’
election.
Departments 6 The View From Here
8 Conferences Calendar
10 Courses Calendar
12 From the President
68 EW 101
79 AOC Membership Page
81 Index of Advertisers
82 JED Quick Look
June 2011 • Volume 34, Issue 6
Cover photo: Nigel Blake
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JUNE 2011 • Vol. 34, No. 6
EDITORIAL STAFFEditor: John Knowles
Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson
Senior Editor: Glenn Goodman
Assistant Editor: Jon Pasierb
Technical Editor: Ollie Holt
Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, Martin Streetly,
Tom Withington, Gábor Zord
Marketing & Research Coordinator: Allie Hansen
Sales Administration: Esther Biggs
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDMr. Tom ArseneaultPresident, Electronic Solutions, BAE SystemsMr. Roy Azevedo Vice President, Advanced Concepts and Technology, Raytheon Space and Airborne SystemsMr. Chris BernhardtPresident, ITT Electronic SystemsMaj Gen Bruno Berthet Deputy Director for International Development, DGA, French MODLt Col Dean Ebert Warfighter Integration, Aviation Weapons Requirements Branch, HQ USMCMr. Gabriele Gambarara Elettronica S.p.A.Mr. Tony GriecoFormer Deputy for Electronic Warfare, OSD Mr. Itzchak GatCEO, ElisraCAPT John Green Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Ron HahnVP, EM Spectrum Strategies, URS Corp.Mr. Micael JohanssonSenior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, SaabMr. Anthony LisuzzoDirector, Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate, CERDEC, USA CAPT Paul OverstreetCommander, ATAPS Program Office (PMA-272), NAVAIR, USNMr. Jeffrey PalomboSenior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp.Rep. Joe Pitts (Honorary Member)US Congress, Founding Member, EW Working GroupMr. Kerry RowePresident and COO, Argon STWg Cdr P.J. WallaceMilitary Strategic Planning 2, International Policy and Planning, UK MODMr. Richard WittstruckChief Engineer, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USAMr. Walter WolfChairman, JED Committee, AOC
PRODUCTION STAFFLayout & Design: Barry Senyk
Advertising Art: Carrie Marsh
Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected]
Contact the Sales Manager:
(800) 369-6220, ext. 3407, or (352) 333-3407
Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin
at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected].
The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by
Naylor, LLC5950 NW 1st PlaceGainesville, FL 32607Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525www.naylor.com
©2011 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.
Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position.
PUBLISHED JUNE 2011/JED-M0611/5295
NEW RULES FOR EW EXPORTS
t h e v i e wf rom here
The defense market in general and the electronic warfare (EW) market in particular have undergone a decade of (sometimes intense) spend-ing growth, mostly due to years of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and a desire by some nations to boost defense spending as a percent-age of GDP. The most obvious example of this trend is the US, whose defense budget has doubled in that time. But many other nations,
particularly in Europe, have followed a similar pattern until recently. This growth is already starting to slow down in the US and Europe and, in some countries, it is reversing itself. As was the case in the 1990s, when domestic defense spending shrinks or stagnates, industry will place more emphasis on export opportunities.
For many EW manufacturers, success in the international market can be ex-tremely important when domestic spending becomes constrained. At the same time, however, the EW needs of the international market are becoming more com-plex. Countries such as Brazil and India are conducting significant fighter aircraft competitions. They do not simply want to buy EW for their new fighters; they eventually want to build advanced EW systems themselves as part of a strategic goal to develop greater self-reliance. So it’s no surprise that these countries are insisting on government-to-government technology transfer deals and foreign industry investment in their tech sectors as part of their fighter selection pro-cess. French and Israeli EW companies have been developing partnerships with these countries for more than a decade, and this early work has been a significant advantage for them.
The US, UK and Italy, on the other hand, have been focusing heavily on the Gulf States (among others in the Middle East), which are seeking greater self-re-liance in terms of EW reprogramming, as well as some component manufacturing. As EW users, many of the Gulf States are also aggressively developing a profes-sional corps of EW operators within their military organizations. This seems to be a strategic initiative throughout the region.
Meeting the needs of such a diverse customer base means enabling exporting governments to understand the EW market as well. In the Indian fighter competi-tion, the two US bids were eliminated last month (along with the Swedish and Russian proposals). US companies offered competitive aircraft and competitive EW systems to the Indian Air Force, but the US government reportedly did not offer a very attractive EW technology transfer scheme for either bid. In Brazil, the ongo-ing three-way competition between Sweden, France and the US looks like it may follow a similar pattern. These countries want to be more than EW buyers. Their ambitions are sophisticated and their needs are more complex than a simpler supplier-buyer relationship. In their own way, the Gulf States want the same sort of EW partnerships.
The question for EW exporters is, “which companies and governments understand these evolving expectations of EW buyers and which do not?” The answer will likely determine the shape of the EW market over the coming decades. – John Knowles
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JUNE
International Microwave SymposiumJune 5-10Baltimore, MDhttp://ims2011.org
Advanced High-Power Lasers ConferenceJune 6-10Santa Fe, NMwww.deps.org
AOC Whidbey Roost EW SymposiumJune 13-17NAS Whidbey Island, WAwww.whidbeyroost.org
Paris Air ShowJune 20-26Paris-Le Bourget, Francewww.paris-air-show.com
JULY
2nd RF EW ConferenceJuly 5Shrivenham, UKwww.cranfi eld.ac.uk
AUGUST
Directed Energy T&E ConferenceAugust 2-4Albuquerque, NMwww.deps.org
Intelligent EW Operations ConferenceAugust 10-11Manassas, VAwww.crows.org
TADTE 2011August 11-14Taipei, Taiwanwww.tadte.com.tw
Unmanned Systems North America 2011August 16-19Washington, DCwww.auvsi.org
MAKS 2011August 16-21Zhukovsky, Russiawww.airshow.ru
InfowarCon Europe 2011August 29-September 1NATO School, Oberammergau, Germanywww.crows.org
SEPTEMBER
InfowarCon Cyber ConferneceSeptember 13-15Linthicum Heights, MDwww.crows.org
DSEi 2011September 13-16London, UKwww.dsei.co.uk
AFA Air and Space ConferenceSeptember 19-21Washington, DCwww.afa.org
Modern Day MarineSeptember 27-29Quantico, VAwww.marinemilitaryexpos.com
OCTOBER
AUSA Annual MeetingOctober 10-12Washington, DCwww.ausa.org
NOVEMBER
48th Annual AOC International Symposium and ConventionNovember 13-16Washington, DCwww.crows.org
Dubai AirshowNovember 13-17Dubai, UAEhttp://dubaiairshow.aero a
c a l e n d a r c o n f e r e n c e s & t r a d e s h o w s
AOC events noted in red. For more information, visit www.crows.org.
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JUNE
An Introduction to Command and Control Concepts, Systems, and Test & EvaluationJune 14-16Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
JULY
Fundamental Principles of EWJuly 11-15Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
DIRCM: Technology, Modeling and TestingJuly 12-14Huntsville, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Basic RF Electronic Warfare ConceptsJuly 26-28Denver, COwww.pe.gatech.edu
AUGUST
Introduction to Information OperationsAugust 2-5Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles CourseAugust 4-5Aero Institute, Palmdale, CAwww.crows.org
Intelligence Support for Spectrum OperationsAugust 8-9Manassas, VAwww.crows.org
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs)August 8-12Aero Institute, Palmdale, CAwww.crows.org
EO/IR Fundamentals for EW Engineers and ManagersAugust 15-19Aero Institute, Palmdale, CAwww.crows.org
Electronic Combat Flight TestingAugust 16-19Las Vegas, NVwww.pe.gatech.edu
IR/Visible Signature SuppressionAugust 16-19Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
SEPTEMBER
Digital RF Memory TechnologySeptember 20-22Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Basic RF Electronic Warfare ConceptsSeptember 20-22Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Advanced RF EW PrinciplesSeptember 26-30Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
OCTOBER
Principles of Radar Electronic ProtectionOctober 11-14Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
NOVEMBER
IR CountermeasuresNovember 29-December 2Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu a
c a l e n d a r c o u r s e s & s e m i n a r s
AOC courses are noted in red. For more
info or to register, visit www.crows.org.
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ARCHITECTURE FOR NOW AND THE FUTURE
A2PATS— INDUSTRY’S FIRST DIRECTPORT ELECTRONIC WARFARE SIMULATOR
© 2010 AAI Corporation. All rights reserved. AAI is an operating unit of Textron Systems,a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company. AAI and design is a registered trademark of AAI Corporation.F-35 photo courtesy U.S. Air Force.
aaicorp.com
AAI’s Advanced Architecture Phase, Amplitude and Time Simulator(A2PATS) is the only electronic warfare (EW) simulator available withdirect-port radio frequency (RF) injection. Critical for advanced EWreceivers, direct injection provides the highest possible signal fidelityat the lowest cost because it eliminates complex, performance-limitingRF distribution networks required for multiplexed simulators.
The A2PATS incorporates identical, high-performance phase-coherentSynthetic Stimulus Instruments behind every port for unparalleledplug-and-play installation, testing availability and user maintenance.Active, real-time background alignment provides accurate, repeatabletesting results. Coupled with a simplified user interface, the A2PATSreduces training and programming time, as well as minimizes potentialoperator error.
AAI has leveraged its expertise as a world leader in EW simulation todeliver the A2PATS architecture, designed to meet advanced digitalEW receiver needs of today and far into the future with a wide rangeof port, signal and density configurations.
To learn more, e-mail [email protected] or call 800-655-2616.
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Association of Old Crows
1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652
Phone: (703) 549-1600
Fax: (703) 549-2589
PRESIDENTWalter Wolf
VICE PRESIDENTLaurie Buckhout
SECRETARYJesse “Judge” Bourque
TREASURERDavid Hime
AT LARGE DIRECTORSMichael “Mick” Riley
William “Buck” Clemons
Steven Umbaugh
Cliff Moody
Linda Palmer
Paul Westcott
Robert Elder
David Hime
Tony Lisuzzo
REGIONAL DIRECTORSSouthern: Wes Heidenreich
Central: Judith Westerheide
Northeastern: Nino Amoroso
Mountain-Western: Jesse “Judge” Bourque
Mid-Atlantic: Bill Tanner
Pacific: Joe “JJ” Johnson
International I: Robert Andrews
International II: Gerry Whitford
APPOINTED DIRECTORSRobert Giesler
Jim Lovelace
Donato D’Angelantonio
Thomas Metz
IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTChris Glaze
AOC STAFFDon Richetti
Executive Director
Norman Balchunas
Director, Operations
Mike Dolim
Director of Education
Carole H. Vann
Director of Administration
Shelley Frost
Director of Convention and Meeting Services
Kent Barker
Conferences Director/FSO
Glorianne O’Neilin
Director of Membership Operations
Stew Taylor
Marketing and Exhibits Manager
Tanya Miller
Member and Chapter Support Manager
Jennifer Bahler
Registrar
Keith Jordan
IT Manager
Tasha Miller
Membership Assistant
m e s s a g ef rom the pres ident
Electronic Warfare professionals work with pretty high-tech stuff, but more and more, technology advancement is paced not by government military electronics procurement but rather by greater and more intense commercial electronics sales. For example, the 2011 global retail electronics sales will exceed the total 2011 US DOD budget and is forecasted to be $964 billion, with the greatest growth in Western Europe followed by the United States and
China. Forty-eight percent of those sales will be wireless portable devices. While there are some near monopolies in the commercial electronics market space such as Apple, Nintendo, Verizon, AT&T and Vodaphone, among others, the robust and upward global electronics sales trend is indicative that even in competition for sales there is coopera-tion. Wireless portable devices produced by Apple and Nintendo depend on availability of 3G and 4G networks operated by Verizon, AT&T and Vodaphone, and the networks’ growth in sales depends on consumer’s insatiable appetite for ever increasing mobile technology. This type of cooperative-competition, dubbed “co-opetition,” allows these companies to capture value not from each other, but to realize even greater value with each other.
Practiced for nearly 100 years in the commercial sector, co-opetition is fueling the acceleration of electronics technology and yielding explosive sales growth. Co-opetition is real, it works, and it’s time for the EW community to better leverage this business practice to meet the challenges of 21st century military operations. EW needs to “co-opetate” with all of information operations’ (IO’s) other core capabilities to converge on the battlefield. To do that, IO’s competencies must complement each other with unique competency-based strategies and be free to innovate rather than consolidate, collapse and be constrained within a sole organization. Game theory underpins co-opetition as a method for IO to focus on the right competency-based strategies and make the right decisions to change the proverbial game. Co-opetition changes the game by changing one of more of the parts of the game – Players, Added Value, Rules, Tactics and/or Scope, known as PARTS.
In January, US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates issued a memorandum on Strategic Communications and Information Operations in the DOD that, in essence, initiates co-opetition among core IO capabilities. His memo redefined roles and responsibilities of IO players with the direction to the CJCS to reorganize joint force IO development and management and, among other role assignments, USSTRATCOM capability proponency for EW and CNO. He adjusted the rules, tactics and scope with a new definition of IO to emphasize its integrating nature. This memo sets forth the needed change to the exist-ing notion that core IO capabilities must be overseen by one entity. Specifically: “Capa-bility integration does not necessitate ownership.” Co-opetition or integration among IO core capabilities will provide the best cost-effective solution to provide maximum IO effects value to the warfighter. EW professionals have a rich history of unleashing innovation and exhibiting an entrepreneurial spirit. It’s time for EW to integrate and co-opetate in information operations. – Walter Wolf
EW CO-OPETITIONFOR INFO OPS
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t h e m o n i t o rnews
US ARMY READY TO DEVELOP UAV SIGINT PAYLOAD The US Army’s Program Manager for Aerial Common Sensors (Aberdeen Prov-
ing Ground, MD) planned to release the request for proposals (RFP) on May 23 for Engineering and Manufacturing Development of a Tactical Signals Intelli-gence (SIGINT) Payload (TSP) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Responses were due on June 23. The Army anticipates selecting a single TSP contractor in late September. The leading industry contenders are expected to be BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) and Northrop Grumman ESL (Sacramento, CA). TSP will be a pod-mounted system to be initially integrated and tested on an RC-12D Guardrail aircraft and then fielded on the Army’s new MQ-1C Gray Eagle UAV, an enlarged Predator derivative built by General Atomics. The Solicitation Number is W15P7T-11-R-S801; the point of contact is Brian Bosmans, (443) 861-4743, e-mail [email protected]. – G. Goodman
USAF UAV-BORNE COMMS JAMMER MOVING FORWARD
The US Air Force’s Aeronautical Sys-tems Center (ASC) at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, was preparing to award up to four 18-month Technology Develop-ment risk-reduction contracts by the end of July for the service’s planned Communications Electronic Attack (EA) Pod program, newly dubbed DEA-CON (Disruptive EA of Communication Networks). The external jamming pod is slated to be mounted on Air Force MQ-9 Reaper (Predator B) Block 5 un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) built by General Atomics.
The EA pod is intended to provide the Air Force an advanced airborne communications jamming capability for irregular warfare scenarios, such as those experienced by US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. The pod would dis-rupt communication networks used by insurgents and prevent the detonation of radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The Air Force’s workhorse EC-130H Compass Call stand-off commu-nications-jamming aircraft has logged countless flight hours in recent years carrying out such missions in support of Army and Marine ground forces instead of its primary purpose of jamming inte-grated air defense system (IADS) com-mand-and-control networks to disrupt enemy coordination.
BAE Systems, ITT, Raytheon and Boe-ing’s Argon ST received small Technology Maturity study contracts last November that were a precursor to the forthcoming Technology Development (TD) contracts. The goal of the TD phase will be to ma-ture critical EA pod technologies to a Technology Readiness Level of 6-plus in a flyable form factor by the middle of 2012, with flight demonstrations by late 2012. This would allow the EA pod program to transition directly into an
Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase in 2013.
The 18-month TD contracts will encompass three phases: prototype concept design (basic contract-Objective A); an option for ground/laboratory demon-strations (Objective B); and a subsequent option for flight dem-onstrations (Objective C). The ini-tial contracts will be worth up to $1.75 million each. ASC plans to select up to three of the four Objective A contractors to receive the Objective B option and up to three of those to re-ceive the Objective C option, with the combined value of the two options to each company not to exceed $7 million.
Each contractor will provide an initial integrated assessment of cost, schedule and technical program risks associated with the concept design and a mitigation strategy for each risk. Specific technol-ogy areas to be addressed include re-ceivers, antenna arrays, radomes, beam formers, exciters, power amplifiers and data links, as well as related consid-erations such as prime power, volume, weight, cooling and packaging. Under Objective B, the contractors will provide ground demonstrations of the risk miti-
gation for all medium/high-risk or criti-cal components and subsystems. Each Objective C contractor will demonstrate a flight-worthy prototype EA pod sys-tem that uses components representa-tive of a follow-on EMD configuration.
The Broad Agency Announce-ment solicitation number is ASC-XR-BAA-08-01-02. The contracting point of contact at ASC is Frederick Rueth, (937) 255-7995, e-mail [email protected]. – G. Goodman
UPGRADED HARM AIMS FOR FULL PRODUCTION
The US Navy’s AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) program was expected to begin Opera-tional Evaluation (OPEVAL) flight test-ing following an extensive Pentagon
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recertification review that was slated to occur in late May-early June. Successful completion of the operational testing will lead to approval of delayed full-rate production. AARGM is an upgraded de-rivative of Raytheon’s supersonic AGM-88 High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM), the primary air-to-surface
stand-off weapon used for lethal sup-pression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) missions by US Navy and Air Force tacti-cal aircraft since 1984.
AARGM entered low-rate initial pro-duction by ATK (Woodland Hills, CA) in January 2009 but ran into problems in Initial Operational Test & Evaluation
flights begun in the spring of 2010 due to intermittent software and circuit card failures. The Navy halted the test-ing on September 3. ATK corrected the problems, as verified in Integrated Test & Evaluation flights since February. The Navy’s program office for Direct & Time-Sensitive Strike Weapons (PMA-242) at NAS Patuxent River, MD, told JED in a written response, “Based on weapon performance in integrated test, we are confident we will successfully complete OPEVAL.”
AARGM retains HARM’s warhead, wings, fins and rocket motors, but up-grades the missile’s control section with a GPS/inertial navigation system and completely replaces its front-end seek-er section. The new multi-mode seeker section features a more sensitive anti-radiation homing seeker with a digital receiver and an active millimeter-wave (MMW) radar seeker. The latter is used for terminal guidance when a targeted air defense radar shuts down after the supersonic AARGM is launched and homes in on its RF emissions. The GPS/INS allows the missile to attack a non-emitting time-sensitive target if its co-ordinates are known. The MMW radar seeker can actively search to find a non-emitting target whose exact location is not known or when the target is mobile and likely to provide a known location.
Slated to carry AARGM are US Navy and Marine Corps F/A-18C/D Hornets, US Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and EA-
t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s
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18G Growlers, and the Italian Air Force’s Tornado ECR aircraft. AARGM is a co-operative development and production program with Italy. The US Navy alone may convert about 1,750 of its more than 5,000 HARMs to AARGMs.
The US Air Force launches HARMs from single-seat F-16CJ Block 50 aircraft fitted with the HARM Targeting System external pod built by Raytheon. The Air Force does not plan to convert any of its HARMs to AARGMs. Instead it is com-peting development of a less extensive, lower-cost upgrade called the “HARM Control Section Modification,” which only adds the GPS guidance capability to the missile’s mid-body control section and upgrades its existing INS. The Air Force awarded both Raytheon and ATK 18-month limited production contracts last December. Following a performance verification fly-off, the service plans to award a single full-rate production con-tract encompassing about 500 modified HARM control sections.
HARM is in service with the air forces of several European, Middle Eastern and Asian countries, includ-
ing Germany, which would be potential customers for the US Navy or US Air Force HARM upgrades, along with F/A-18 users. – G. Goodman
EMPIRE CHALLENGE TO SHOWCASE FIREBIRD
US Joint Forces Command’s May 3-June 23 “Empire Challenge 2011” intelligence, surveillance and recon-naissance (ISR) demonstration was set to showcase Northrop Grumman’s new Firebird “optionally manned” air ve-hicle. Firebird can accommodate and operate four discrete sensor payloads simultaneously.
The US Army has sponsored the vehicle’s participation in Empire Chal-lenge and will operate it from Fort Huachuca, AZ, during the exercise. Key capability demonstrations were to include simultaneous use of the four payloads (billed as signals intelligence (SIGINT)/direction-finding, electro-optic/infrared (EO/IR) imaging, radar surveillance and communications re-lay), sensor swap-out and re-launch within 60 minutes, and simultaneous
sensor control by operators in three separate locations.
First flown in February 2010, Fire-bird has been designed, built and tested by Northrop subsidiary Scaled Compos-ites (as their Model 355) and takes the form of an all-composite monoplane powered by a Textron Lycoming TEO-540 piston engine. The air vehicle’s aerodynamics have been crafted to optimize mission endurance, data col-lection, climb and dash speed. Physi-cal specifications include an operating speed of approximately 370 km/hour; a wingspan, length and height of 19.81, 10.36 and 2.96 meters, respectively; an endurance of 24 to 40 hours (depend-ing on the air vehicle’s configuration); a gross take-off weight of 2,268 kg; and the ability to reach an altitude of 30,000 ft. Conversion of the air vehicle from a manned to an unmanned con-figuration involves plating over the platform’s cockpit glazing, removing the pilot’s seat and installing control electronics in its place.
In terms of payload options, JED un-derstands that Firebird’s baseline sen-
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sors comprise two full-motion video (FMV) cameras from FLIR Systems, a Northrop Grumman SIGINT package
(probably derived from the company’s scalable Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload architecture) and Northrop’s
Ku-band (12.5 to 18 GHz) AN/ZPY-1 STARLite ground moving target indi-cator/synthetic aperture radar. On the EO front, photographs have shown the Firebird prototype to have been vari-ously equipped with FLIR Systems’ Star SAFIRE 380-HD EO imager and what ap-pears to have been Raytheon’s AN/DAS-1 target detection, ranging and tracking sensor. Firebird has also been photo-graphed carrying a radar other than the AN/ZPY-1 on its centerline.
Aside from Empire Challenge, Fire-bird was demonstrated to DOD officials with a three-sensor fit (FMV, radar and EO/IR imaging) in October 2010 and flew with two FMV cameras (as a precursor to a four-sensor wide-area surveillance suite) the following December. – M. Streetly
ONR COUNTERING REVERSE ENGINEERING
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) released a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA 11-020) seeking industry research proposals in the area of “Protection of Electronics Systems.” White papers were
t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s
AFRL SEEKS ADVANCES TO ENGAGE AGILE EMITTERSThe Air Force Research Lab’s Sensors Directorate at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
(AFRL/RYWE) announced that it anticipated seeking industry research propos-als in June in the area of Integrated Digital Apertures, Receivers and Exciters (I-DARE). It will be Amendment 19 to AFRL’s Sensor Technology Research, De-velopment, Test & Evaluation Open-Ended Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) II (STROEB II).
AFRL plans to award a single $24 million indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity contract.
The objective of the I-DARE effort will be “to design, develop and test inno-vations involving apertures, receives, exciters, signal processing and algorithms for signals intelligence, threat warning, direction finding, information opera-tions, electronic attack (EA), electronic support (ES) and electronic protection (EP) applications. Extensive modeling, simulation, testing and integration of hardware and software will be required to develop electronic warfare architec-tures capable of assessing and engaging advanced agile emitters. Concepts will be evaluated in a multitude of ways to measure the effectiveness of advanced EW techniques which include network-enabled ES/EA/EP tactics.”
The BAA number is STROEB II BAA 09-01-PKS Amendment 19. The technical point of contact at AFRL/RYWE is Gary Kaufman, (937) 528-8253, e-mail Gary. [email protected]; the contracting point of contact is David Sheelbarger, (937) 255-4863, e-mail [email protected] – JED Staff
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due May 31 and full proposals by Sep-tember 28.
The overall goal is to “develop in-novative techniques and technologies to deter the reverse engineering and exploitation of our military’s critical technology in order to impede technol-ogy transfer and alteration of system capability and prevent the development of countermeasures to US systems.” ONR seeks proposals that will “result in ro-bust, long-lived, layered technologies capable of lengthy operation in unat-tended and un-powered environments. The proposed technologies shall have a very high probability of tamper de-tection, a very low probability of false alarm, be undetectable in the host sys-tem, and provide no indication when a tamper event has been detected.”
Each proposal is to focus on one of the following four research areas: • New Approaches to Memory Erasure
– Technologies for completely and ir-reversibly erasing data stored in non-volatile memory without producing damage beyond the active portion of the memory device.
• Performance Enhancements of High-Density 3D Packages – Technologies for improving the performance of such electronics packaging, includ-ing enhanced cooling, minimized electromagnetic interference be-tween internal components and minimized external electromagnetic emissions.
• Packaging for Secure Processing – Technologies for high-density 3D electronics packaging that can inte-grate into a single package the mul-tiple commercial-off-the-shelf and custom devices necessary for a com-plete secure processing. The combina-tion of the high-density packaging and anti-tamper measures shall pro-tect against open-source reverse en-gineering techniques.
• Reliable Physical Unclonable Func-tions – Techniques for implementing reliable intrinsic PUFs in field-pro-grammable gate arrays and then using the PUFs to provide FPGA authentica-tion and generate volatile keys for Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) encryption/decryption.
ONR anticipates a budget of up to $3 million per year and plans to award multiple one-to-three-year technol-ogy development contracts valued at $500,000 to $1 million each. The esti-mated start date for the projects is April 2012. The technical point of contact at ONR is Betsy DeLong, e-mail [email protected]; the contracting point of contact is Rebecca Foster, e-mail [email protected] – JED Staff
IN BRIEFSierra Nevada Corp. (Sparks, NV)
was awarded a $38.6 million contract modification from US Naval Sea Sys-tems Command to procure an additional 360 Dismounted Joint Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (JCREW) 3.1 jammers.
✪ ✪ ✪
SRCTec, Inc. (Syracuse, NY) was awarded a $78 million US Army contract modification to increase its ordering ceiling for Duke V3 CREW jammers to $278 million. Estimated completion date is Aug. 24, 2014.
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The US Air Force Research Lab-Rome (NY) Research Site released a pre-solicitation notice for a Broad Agency Announcement in the area of “Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Collec-tion, Processing and Exploitation.” The goal is automation of those capa-bilities. White papers are sought; those found to be consistent with the intent of the BAA may be invited to submit a technical and a cost proposal. Total
BAA funding available is $29.4 million over the period FY2011-FY2014. The Solicitation Number is BAA-RIK-11-04. The contracting point of contact is Lynn G. White, (315) 330-4996, e-mail [email protected].
✪ ✪ ✪
Communications and Power Indus-tries (Palo Alto, CA) was awarded a $7.9 million five-year indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity contract from the Naval Surface Warfare Center (Crane,
IN) to provide traveling-wave-tube high-power amplifiers for the ship-launched Nulka active anti-ship mis-sile RF decoy rocket in use with the US, Australian and Canadian navies and produced by Lockheed Martin and BAE Systems-Australia.
✪ ✪ ✪
Envisioneering, Inc. (Alexandria, VA) won a $3.2 million US Naval Re-search Lab (Washington, DC) contract for “R&D Support for Offboard Electronic Warfare” encompassing anti-ship cruise missile countermeasures technology projects. Total contract value with op-tions is $13.3 million.
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BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) was awarded a five-year $71.4 million US Army sole-source indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity contract for AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System (CMWS) A-Kits (wiring provisions and mounts) for Army fixed-wing aircraft.
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ITT Electronics (Clifton, NJ) was awarded a sole-source contract from US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) for Full-Rate Production Lots 9-13 of the Integrated Defensive Electronic Coun-termeasures (IDECM) ALQ-214 (V)4 Ra-dio Frequency Countermeasures (RFCM) system. The contract consists of a base year with four options totaling an an-ticipated 235 systems.
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Alliant Techsystems Inc. (Clear-water, FL) was awarded a sole-source contract from NAVAIR for AAR-47 Mis-sile Warning System components, retrofits and repairs to meet FY2012-2013 requirements.
✪ ✪ ✪
Northrop Grumman Intelligence Systems (Chantilly, VA), is being awarded a $9.7 million contract modifi-cation from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to extend the Airborne Signals In-telligence Payload (ASIP) baseline con-tract to support the ASIP post-initial operational test and evaluation flight testing on the Global Hawk UAV. a
t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s
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w a s h i n g t o nrepor t
HASC MAKES NO CUTS IN FY12 DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BILL MARKUP
The House Armed Services Committee (HASC) completed its markup of the Fiscal Year 2012 Defense Authorization Bill on May 12. In a rare occurrence, particularly in a congressional climate favoring drastic cuts in federal government spending, the HASC essentially rubber-stamped the Obama Administra-tion’s FY2012 defense budget request. The Committee’s chair-man, Buck McKeon (R-CA), held the line against any hasty cuts to military spending. The panel’s funding authorizations matched the DOD’s budget line requests – dollar for dollar – except in a mere handful of cases. In fact, the HASC report recommended fully funding every electronic warfare (EW) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) procurement or research and de-velopment spending request from the military services or DOD agencies for FY2012, with one exception, and in that case the program had been delayed by contract award protests.
The Senate Armed Services Committee’s markup of the bill is slated to occur this month and is almost certain to produce greater spending cut recommendations than the House ver-sion. The differences between the two bills will have to be resolved by a House-Senate conference committee and then ap-proved by both the full House and Senate before being signed into law by President Obama.
The FY2012 Defense Appropriations Bill, to be marked up by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees in the upcom-ing weeks, will approve the actual dollars allocated to each DOD funding line request. The House Appropriations Committee an-nounced on May 11 that it tentatively planned to shave $8.9 billion from the DOD’s $553 billion FY2012 base budget request. (The authorization bills produced by the Armed Services com-mittees only make funding recommendations to their Ap-propriations brethren; the main purposes today of the authorization bills tend to be providing congressional defense guidance and directing the DOD to make chang-es in its policies or to submit reports on specific areas.)
DOD EW and SIGINT-related FY2012 base budget funding line requests fully approved by the HASC in-cluded the following:Army Procurement:• $27.6 million for RC-12X Guardrail SIGINT aircraft
refurbishment and upgrades (the final seven of 14 planned RC-12Xs).
• $72 million for 23 additional Prophet Ground SIGINT Vehicles.• $162.8 million for Common Missile Warning Systems (CMWS).• $36 million for Aircraft Survivability Equipment.• $24.1 million for Counter Radio-Controlled IED EW (CREW)
jammers.• $220.6 million for Joint IED Defeat Organization Staff and
Infrastructure; $2.6 billion is requested for JIEDDO (Attack the Network, Defeat the Device and Train the Force) under separate FY2012 war funding.Due to program delays resulting from an Army decision
to reevaluate industry bids following protests of a contract award to Boeing, the HASC authorized only $121.7 million of the service’s $539.6 million FY2012 procurement request for its Enhanced Medium-Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveil-lance System (EMARSS), a new SIGINT aircraft to be based on the Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ER twin-engine turboprop. The $539.67 million request would have procured aircraft four through 21, with deliveries beginning in November 2013. Navy Procurement:• $1.1 billion for another 12 new EA-18G Growler support jam-
ming aircraft to replace EA-6B Prowlers; the Navy will pro-cure the final 12 of 114 Growlers in FY2013.
• $83.2 million for EP-3E SIGINT aircraft modifications.• $92.1 million for Common Electronic Countermeasures
Equipment.• $34.1 for Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) systems.• $73.1 for High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM)
modifications.• $43.1 million for SLQ-32 shipboard EW improvements.• $103.7 million for Shipboard Information Warfare
Exploitation.Air Force Procurement:• $256.6 million for EC-130H Compass Call communications-
jamming aircraft modifications.• $162.2 million for RC-135 Rivet Joint SIGINT aircraft
modifications.• $25.6 million for HARM modifications.
The HASC report affirmed that the Secretary of Defense has the authority to conduct military activities in cyberspace, including clandestine activities in support of military opera-tions, outside the US or to defend against a cyber attack on an
asset of the Department of Defense. – G. Goodman a
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w o r l drepor t
In late April, India selected Europe’s Eurofighter and Dassault’s Rafale as the finalists for its new Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) competition.
Despite heavy lobbying by politi-cal heavyweights, the move effectively eliminated the United States, in the run-ning with Lockheed Martin’s F-16 and Boeing’s F/A-18 Super Hornet; Russia, with Rosoboronexport’s MiG-35; and Swe-den, with Saab’s next-generation Gripen. The estimated $11 billion to build 126 new fighter aircraft for India will end up somewhere in Europe, either with France, home of the Rafale, or with the four na-tions that make up the Eurofighter con-sortium – Germany, Spain, Britain (BAE Systems) and Italy (Finmeccanica).
India is buying the new fighters to replace its aging fleet of Russian MiG-21s, many of which date back to the 1960s. A key component of the competi-tion has been India’s significant offset requirements, which stipulate that 50 percent of the full value be reinvested into Indian industry, realized through the contract, which calls for purchase of 18 completed combat aircraft by 2012, with the remaining 108 to be construct-ed in country.
And, now that it has its finalists, India might be looking to advance the schedule. According to published re-ports, Pakistan is attempting to expe-dite delivery of its new JF-17 Thunder aircraft, the multirole fighter co-devel-oped with China. In response, India may attempt to advance its timeline for se-lection to occur by March 2012.
Perhaps as a result of growing threats from China and Pakistan, India has been in a defense acquisition mode of late, also getting ready to ink a long-delayed deal with Dassault to upgrade its 52 Mi-rage 2000 aircraft. The contract, said to be worth $2.4 billion, has sat for around three years as India worked to come to terms with Dassault and its partners,
Thales (as the weapons integrator) and MBDA (as the missile supplier), for an affordable price.
And while $2.4 billion might not seem affordable, the argument from the Indian Air Force has been that it needs a combination of new purchases and retrofits to maintain its diminishing edge over its Pakistani neighbors. The assumption is that the Mirage 2000s, which are already 20 years old, should, with upgraded radars, avionics, glass cockpits, targeting systems and elec-tronic warfare (EW) suites, offer the country high-level fighter capabilities for two more decades.
Though the agreement isn’t signed, published reports from the region in-dicate that it has tacit government ap-proval and that a deal over the price might have been a tipping point in favor of Dassault in the MMRCA com-petition. The contract would upgrade the first four to six aircraft in France, with the remainder to be retrofitted
in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) with technology transfer from the French companies.
The country is currently completing some additional business, including a planned induction of 272 Sukhoi-30MKIs bought from Russia for around $12 bil-lion, along with Russia’s ongoing upgrade of 63 MiG-29s, under a 2008 contract for $964 million. And though reports indi-cated that the first modernized MiG-29s could be delivered this year, there have apparently been issues with parts as the country issued global market solicita-tions for spares in late April.
But India’s fighter jet defense spend-ing spree won’t end there, as reports also indicated that the country is plan-ning, from 2020 forward, to buy a new fifth-generation stealth fighter, which it is currently co-developing with Rus-sia. The planned 250-300 aircraft would encompass the country’s largest ever de-fense project, with a price tag of nearly $35 billion. – E. Richardson
IN BRIEF❍ BAE Systems (Warton, Lancashire, UK) was awarded contracts totaling £39 mil-
lion by the UK’s Ministry of Defence (MOD) to provide support services for main-tenance of the Eurofighter Typhoon. The contracts also covers development work to enhance the Royal Air Force’s capability to process intelligence data about operational threats and then upload them to the Typhoon’s EW systems prior to a mission.
❍ Saab Avitronics received an order for its Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System (CAMPS) from Mexican charter airline FlyMex, which flies for the United Nations World Food Program in several countries, as well as operating helicopter, amphibi-ous and jet air taxi operations over Mexico. The contract adds CAMPS, which detects man-portable air defense system (MANPADS) threats with a missile approach warning system and dispenses Chemring infrared decoys, to a third type of aircraft, the Dornier 328JET. It is already operational on Lockheed L-382 and Embraer 120 aircraft.
❍ Malaysia has requested, via US Foreign Military Sales channels, a Mid-Life Upgrade to its Boeing F/A-18D Hornet aircraft, including six AN/ASQ-228 Raytheon Advanced Targeting Forward-Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) pods, software development, system integration and testing, test sets and training in a contract estimated at $72 million. a
INDIA ADVANCES FIGHTER JET COMPETITION, PLANS MIRAGE UPGRADE
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When considering the state of current airborne signals intelligence (SIGINT), as good a starting point as any is con-text. When this writer was a bright-eyed neophyte in the late 1970s, airborne SIGINT was probably the blackest of the black arts. The inextricable link be-tween SIGINT and the Cold War and its place in national intelligence gathering meant that it was not a subject for open discussion other than in the context of tabloid-style “spy plane” stories. Again, the target set was essentially formalized (with air defense networks being high on the list) and the levels of classifica-tion were such as to preclude wide dis-semination. That this was beginning to be seen as a major stumbling block had been demonstrated by the conflict in Southeast Asia, where vital information had been withheld from the war fighters because of compartmentalization and who was and who was not in the loop.
Just as important was the level of available technology, with a typi-
cal high-end SIGINT platform taking the
form of a bespoke, hardwired sys-
tem that was p r i m a r i l y
analog,
maintenance heavy and frequently manual in operation. Again, the hard-ware was big and heavy, while the tar-get set was largely made-up of fixed frequency emitters that, in the radar context, relied on mechanical scanning. Techniques such as frequency agility, digitization and electronic scanning (both passive and active) were at best in their early stages of development and perhaps more importantly, the military targets being looked at were essentially conventional in terms of structure and implementation. Looking specifically at communications, conventional radio links predominated with satellite com-munications and (particularly) cellular telephone technology either just begin-ning to appear or still being but a gleam in a designer’s eye.
Come up to date, and the SIGINT world has been turned upside down. On the operational side, the Cold War veri-ties have been swept away to be replaced by both conventional and asymmetric threats, with the latter making use of non-conventional communications and command and control tools such as cell and satellite phones. Perhaps more im-portantly, the threat has in part moved
off the bat-
tlefield and into towns and cities where a new generation of well educated and equipped activists are prepared to die for a cause and to use mass killing as a means to an end. In the fight against homeland terrorism, communications intercept has become both a vital tool and one that sometimes sits uncomfort-ably alongside the traditional civil lib-erties that the western world cherishes.
On the technology front, advances in digitization, miniaturization, reliability (solid-state and the like) and processing have all come together to create much more flexible SIGINT architectures that facilitate plug and play, virtually on the fly updating and which increasingly fea-ture data hand-off capabilities in real- or close to real-time. Real-time data hand-off (combined with a more open approach to who sees what) is probably the real game changer and one that is absolutely vital in meeting today’s bat-tlefield and homeland security needs. Elsewhere in the described mix, current satellite link and processing technology together with miniaturization and im-proved reliability have opened the door to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) SI-
GINT platforms
As the world gets more dangerous, the international demand of SIGINT capabilities continues to expand
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that apart from anything else, make possible persistent surveillance that is moving towards operations measured in weeks or even months.
FUTURE AIRBORNE SIGINT TRENDS
If the foregoing is the context in which airborne SIGINT functions, what of its future? Rightly or wrongly, this writer believes that in the short to medium term, the sort of high-end manned SIGINT platforms such as “Rivet Joint” will continue to figure large due to their capabilities (particularly their ability to undertake onboard data pro-
cessing), their responsiveness and op-erational flexibility and, put simply, the prestige associated with being able to afford and operate such aircraft. Afford-ability is another key driver, with more and more countries wanting an airborne SIGINT capability and even big defense spenders like the US having to address an increasingly hostile budgetary envi-ronment. In a world where the defense budget trend is universally down, this writer sees a significant market for SI-GINT systems that are an adjunct to another mission, that can be rolled on and off a non-dedicated platform or are
combined with other sensors, such as electro-optical (EO) imagers, to create architectures that are capable of cross-cueing and/or undertaking a range of missions previously carried out by mul-tiple platforms with discrete roles.
This ability to multi-task can also be seen in the UAS world, where fixed-wing, rotary and lighter-than-air systems are emerging that are capable of carrying surveillance radars, SIGINT receivers and EO sensors, with the payloads being op-erated via datalink and/or satellite and making use of ground-based data pro-cessing. While such an approach works, its downside is the bandwidth needed to down-link acquired data and up-link commands. Here, one solution (which also addresses persistence) may be high-altitude, optionally manned airships (such as the USAF’s proposed “Blue Devil” Block II) that are large enough to house both the necessary sensors and a process-ing suite capable of reducing their data output to more manageable levels.
Multi-tasking is also likely to pro-mote roll-on/roll-off capabilities where a standard air vehicle (say, a transport such as the C-130) can be converted to become a SIGINT platform when required before reverting back to its original role. An example of such an approach is the US Air National Guard’s C-130 “Senior Scout” platform that takes a minimally modified Hercules transport aircraft and equips it with an operator’s shelter in the cargo hold and antenna packages that are attached to its main undercar-riage doors, paratroop doors, wingtips and tailcone, with the whole change out being executable within a minimum of 12 hours. Lockheed Martin (the “Senior Scout’s” original contractor) has gone
INTERNATIONAL SIGINT AIRCRAFTIn addition to programs in the US and UK, airborne SIGINT capabilities
are known to be operated by the following countries:Australia: putative C-130 and Orion COMINT platformsBrazil: R-35AM programChile: 2 × Petrel Beta (status uncertain)China: an unknown number of Y-8- and Tu-154-based platformsEgypt: 2 × Beech 1900C-1 and 2 × EC-130Finland: 1 × Fokker F27 (being replaced by a modified C-295M)France: 2 × C.160G GabrielIndia: 1 × Boeing 707 (to be replaced)Iran: possibly 1 × IBEX C-130Israel: 3 × Gulfstream GV Shavit and 7 × RC-12D/KItaly: 1 × G222VSJapan: 5 × EP-3 and 4 × YS-11EBSouth Korea: 4 × Hawker 800SIG (to be replaced)Poland: 2 × Procjon W-3 helicoptersRussia: an unknown number of Il-20Ms
Saudi Arabia: 2 × RE-3A/BSingapore: 1 × C-130 and (possibly) 1 × Fokker 50Spain: 1 × Boeing 707Sweden: 2 × S 102 B KorpenTaiwan: 1 ×C-130HEThailand: 2 × Arava 201s (status uncertain).
By Martin Streetly
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h
By Martin Streetly
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SSiSpSwTaTh
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on to capitalize on both this concept and modern open plug-and-play archi-tectures to create its Dragon family of platform agnostic intelligence, surveil-lance and reconnaissance (ISR) solu-tions. Ranging in size from UAS pods to roll-on/roll-off systems for aircraft such as the C-130 and C-295 transports, Dragon sensor suites can include com-munications intelligence and electronic intelligence (COMINT/ELINT) systems, radars, EO imagers (including wide area surveillance equipments) and measure-
ment and signature intelligence (MAS-INT) sensors, with the number and types of sensors being mixed and matched to meet the specific requirement. Within the specific SIGINT field, Finland’s on-going SIGINT C-295M “ferret” project is the first known Dragon series solution to have been sold.
EUROPE’S AIRBORNE
SIGINT PROGRAMS
Staying in the Nordic region, Swe-den’s Saab has also developed a roll-on/
roll-off SIGINT solution under the des-ignation AIRTRACER FLEX. Suitable for aircraft such as the C-130, AIRTRACER FLEX makes use of a so-called crew con-tainer which is inserted into the host aircraft’s cargo bay and which houses six operators, each of whom sits at a workstation that features three dis-play screens. Overall, the architecture provides integrated COMINT and ELINT, Electronic Support Measures (ESM) and self-protection capabilities, real-time onboard analysis, emitter geo-location and a dedicated antenna array. Else-where, Saab offers the AIRTRACER as a customized solution aboard a custom-er’s choice of aircraft or as a complete package mounted in its own Saab 2000 regional airliner airframe. In the lat-ter application, ELINT and ESM/radar threat warning are provided by Saab’s 0.7- to 40-GHz band HES-21 sub-system that features digital receiver technol-ogy and interferometric direction-find-ing capabilities.
Staying in Europe, the French arm of the Thales conglomerate has also ad-dressed multiple platform use via an au-tonomous podded ELINT system that can be carried by a C-130 transport during the course of its regular missions. Pack-aged in an external fuel tank envelope, the system covers the 0.5- to 18-GHz band (expandable to 0.1 to 40 GHz) and can identify, finger print and geolocate emitters and record their parametric data for post-mission analysis. As such, the architecture features digital receiv-ers and interferometric direction-find-ing and requires no crew intervention and minimal interfacing with its host.
“AFFORDABLE” SIGINT FOR
MID-SIZED AIRCRAFT
That affordability (a relative term when applied to sensor systems in gen-eral) can successfully be combined with an effective operational multi-sensor system as illustrated by the rise of the MC-12W “Liberty” system. Born out of US Defense Secretary Robert Gates’ frus-tration with the lack of airborne ISR capability in Southwest Asia, the King Air-based MC-12W was brought in just about on time (use of pre-used airframes for the first seven aircraft required standardization that took longer than
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anticipated) and generally on budget. As such, it combines SIGINT and EO sen-sors (with the former cueing the latter) with a robust data hand-off capability. In more detail, the type’s EO facility is vested in the MX-15i full motion video (FMV) sensor while its SIGINT sub-sys-tem is reported to incorporate “G-Box,” “Wind Jammer” and “Pennant Race” capabilities. Of these, the CACI Interna-tional “Pennant Race” equipment is de-scribed as being a “remotely controlled audio SIGINT system,” with the collec-tion system as a whole being illustrated as making use of multiple blade anten-nas, the majority of which are housed in the aircraft’s ventral canoe fairing. In terms of communications, “Liberty” is equipped with multiple radios, the “PacWind” audio/FMV datalink and a Ku-band (12.5 to 18 GHz) satellite link, with the whole being ROVER 4 ground terminal compatible. Operationally, the MC-12W’s onboard cryptological and sen-sor operators (CO/SO), together with an associated ISR Exploitation Cell (ISREC), “find” targets, and the SO and the ISREC team “fix” them, with directed ground
forces “finishing” them.
W h i l e the MC-12W may be the most visible of its genre, Israeli contractor Elta Systems has de-veloped its EL/I-3120 ISR suite, which it describes as being suitable for installa-tion aboard a range of airframes (includ-ing the King Air business aircraft) and as being configurable for the SIGINT, maritime patrol, search and rescue, homeland security and environmental protection roles. As applied to a medi-um-sized aircraft, EL/I-3120 can accom-modate surveillance radar, a 3-MHz to 3-GHz band COMINT system, a 30-MHz to 3-GHz band direction-finder, an EO sensor, a line-of-sight datalink and a satellite communications sub-system, multiple operator positions, data/imag-ery recorders, high-resolution cameras and an optimized navigation system. Within a particular application, sensors/capabilities can be mixed and matched and JED believes that a system appli-cation has been sold to the Colombian
Air Force for counter narcotics operations in that country.
“HIGH END” SIGINT PROGRAMS
Despite their undoubted operational success, platforms such as Liberty have the Achilles Heel of only being suit-able for use in benign environments. Tackling high threat regions requires a vastly different capability set, which includes large, high-end, stand-off systems such as the RC-135V/W Rivet Joint. Vastly expensive (and currently only operated by the US and procured by the UK if one excludes Saudi Ara-bia’s RE-3 clone), the COMINT/ELINT capable Rivet Joint traces its lineage back to the early 1970s and accord-ing to the latest known evaluation, is capable of meeting user operational needs until circa 2040. Maintaining operational viability is achieved via regular Baseline updates, and as of
of its genre, Air Force for counter
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2Wheof its genre, Air Force for counter
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February 2011, the USAF capability was to be based on Baselines 8, 9 and 10 through to US Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, with Baseline 11 starting to come on stream during FY2014. In more detail, Baseline 8 was to be sustained and re-main in service until mid-FY2012, with fielding of Baseline 9 to be completed during FY2011. Design and develop-ment of the Baseline 10 configuration was scheduled to have been completed by mid FY2010, with delivery taking place between the spring of FY2012 and late FY2013/early FY2014 (with the last aircraft to be so upgraded being identi-fied as 62-4131). Development of Base-line 11 is understood to have begun during FY2010, with re-delivery of the first aircraft in this configuration (64-14848) scheduled for mid-FY2014.
Although heavily classified, it is possible to get a sense of how the capa-bility is evolving, with non-classified USAF documentation characterizing Baseline 8 as providing enhanced SIGINT data accuracy (including improved de-tection sensitivity), faster and more automated data dissemination, a more
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37user friendly operator environment and improved system reliability. Housing a mission crew made up of three ELINT operators, four in-flight maintainers and 14 COMINT operators, Baseline 8 builds on the preceding Baseline 7 configuration which introduced T-slot racking, a Global Air Traffic Manage-ment/Global Air Navigation Systems (GATM/GANS) compatible cockpit, skin-mounted heat exchangers, the LN-120G stellar navigation system, a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) track management processor, COTS ELINT processing, an onboard fiber-channel data-distribution network, new opera-tor workstations, a new common data and retrieval system, re-hosting of the aircraft’s Multiple Communications Emitter Location System (MUCELS) and the introduction of a COMINT back-ground search system, a beam form-ing processor, a COTS database search processor, new Quick Reaction Capabil-ity (QRC) integration facilities, redun-dant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) technology and upgraded communica-tions terminals.
For its part, the Baseline 9 upgrade is reported to feature a further process-ing upgrade, a new liquid cooling sys-tem and improved emergency egress, while Baseline 10 is billed as incorporat-ing a more robust COMINT sub-system, the CORVUS precision ELINT upgrade, a theater networked geo-location capa-bility, a service-oriented architecture (defined as a packaged suite of interop-erable services that can be used with multiple discrete systems from mul-tiple business domains), provision for
mid-baseline Wideband Global Satellite (WGS) communications and cockpit en-hancements. Last, but not least, the proposed Baseline 11 configuration has been postulated as including precision, multi-angle COMINT direction-find-ing, an expanded ELINT data record-ing facility, Phase 3 weight reduction measures, further cockpit/navigation system upgrades and continued obso-lescence management.
Currently, the USAF operates a fleet of eight RC-135V and nine RC-135W air-
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craft, with the UK’s Royal Air Force procuring three RC-135Ws with which to replace its existing Nimrod R Mk 1 platforms. Here, deliveries to the UK are scheduled to begin during 2014, with RAF aircrew and operators being integrated into USAF Rivet Joint crews in the interim. As might be expected, Rivet Joint’s latest operational outing has been in support of Operation Odys-sey Dawn/Unified Protector, with one aircraft being said to have operated from the UK together with another two
forward deployed to Naval Air Facility Souda Bay on Crete.
ENDURANCE SIGINT FOR
HIGH-THREAT ENVIRONMENTS
High threat environments can also be seen as a driver in the last of our identified trends, UASs. To those with knowledge of the technology, it will come as no surprise to discover that the US and Israel are at the forefront of ap-plying SIGINT collection capabilities for use on unmanned aerial vehicles. Israeli
contractors Elta Systems, Elisra Elec-tronic Systems and Rafael Advanced De-fense Systems have all produced COMINT and/or ELINT packages for UAS applica-tions, with Elisra’s AES-210/V and SKY-FIX, Elta’s EL/K-7071 and EL/L-8385 and Rafael’s TOP-SCAN equipments serving as illustrations of Israel’s endeavors in the field. In order, the AES-210/V (also known as Emerald) is an ELINT/ESM sys-tem that covers the 1- to 18-GHz band and makes use of differential Doppler and interferometric direction-finding techniques, while the 30- to 1,200-MHz band (extendable to 3,000 MHz) SKYFIX equipment can be configured as SKYFIX COMINT (capable of intercepting and re-cording traffic-of-interest), SKYFIX DF (as SKYFIX COMINT with the addition of direction-of-arrival direction-finding), SKYFIX Cellular (as its designation sug-gest, optimized for cellular phone inter-ception) and SKYFIX Satellite (targeted at satellite phone transmitting voice, data and SMS messages).
For its part, Elta’s EL/K-7071 is a CO-MINT/direction-finding package that is capable of interception, monitoring and analysis/classification of received signals (including parameter agile types). The company’s EL/L-8385 is a complemen-tary ELINT/ESM system that combines onboard and ground-based processing to classify and geolocate detected radar emitters. Last but not least, Rafael’s TOP-SCAN ELINT/ESM system covers the 0.5- to 18-GHz band and provides automatic
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emitter detection, signal collection, pa-rameter measurement, identification and localization. In terms of usage, Elisra re-ports sales of numerous COMINT/ELINT systems into the UAS marketplace (but declines to be specific about customers) while Rafael’s TOP-SCAN system is known to have been at least flight tested aboard the Searcher UAS. For its part, the anten-na array associated with the EL/K-7071 system has been photographed installed aboard Heron UASs operated by Canada and the Indian Navy.
Within the USAF domain (and to an extent that of the US Army), the current big beast is Northrop Grumman’s scal-able Airborne Signals Intelligence Pay-load (ASIP) architecture, applications of which have been developed for the RC-12X Guardrail SIGINT aircraft, the U-2S high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft and the MQ-1 Predator (ASIP-1C), MQ-9 Reaper (ASIP-2C) and the RQ-4 Block 30 Global Hawk UASs. Overall, ASIP is soft-ware upgradable, makes maximum use of COTS components, has a cross-cueing ca-
pability, is capable of operating in dense environments and employs algorithms that are optimized for evolving signal exploitation scenarios. Of the cited con-figurations, ASIP-1C is described as being a basic COMINT equipment with limited special signal collection and direction-finding capabilities. ASIP-2C is reported as adding a full direction-finding capa-bility, simultaneous functionality and special signals growth to the ASIP-1C ar-chitecture. For its part, the Global Hawk application is a six-chassis architecture that provides both COMINT and ELINT direction-finding, emitter geo-location and telecommunications/”special sig-nals” intercept capabilities. Elsewhere, an ASIP application also appears to fig-ure as one of up to four payloads that Northrop Grumman’s optionally manned Firebird ISR platform is capable of carry-ing and operating simultaneously.
While ASIP is significant, it is (of course) not the only game in town, with the US Navy opting for Sierra Nevada’s Merlin-MC ESM with which to equip its MQ-4C Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) UAS, while the US Army delib-erates about what SIGINT provision to put on its latest generation UASs and EMARSS fixed-wing reconnaissance platforms. Equally, the US and Israel are not the only manufacturers in the field, with Germany’s Cassidian Electronics having developed its 30-kHz to 30-GHz band, COMINT/ELINT capable Integrated SIGINT System (ISIS) for use aboard Ger-many’s RQ-4E Euro Hawks® and countries as diverse as Pakistan (the charmingly named ECOM WisperWatch) and South Africa (Saab’s Emitter Location System – ELS) producing SIGINT fits for UASs.
MEETING EMERGING NEEDS
Over the coming decades, airborne SI-GINT technology will continue to evolve and proliferate, as more users acquire SIGINT aircraft and SIGINT systems themselves are adapted to a growing va-riety of aircraft, from large commercial airframes to small UASs and just about anything in between. Even as the signal environment continues to rapidly grow in terms of density and complexity, air-borne SIGINT systems developers are finding ways to keep pace with effec-tive, yet affordable solutions. a
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When supersonic fighters first appeared in the 1950s, their individual life barely spanned three to 10 years. As technology matured and more successful fighter de-signs came off the drawing board, these platforms stayed in service longer and longer. The different factors making this possible included the increase in flight performance, better airframe and engine longevity and reliability, as well as a marked improvement in flight safety.
Flight performance (around Mach 2 maximum, and high subsonic cruise speed, for example) had already reached technological and human barriers in the 1950s and ’60s, and this has proven to be enduring. The aircraft designs that reached these limits still fulfill most mission requirements in this respect. Let’s take the F-4 Phantom as an ex-ample, which flew for the first time in 1958. Its range and payload, the two most important factors in determining a fighter’s tactical utility performance-wise, are adequate up to this day, as are its speed, acceleration, service ceiling and climb rate. It is not just the lack of funding for replacement that still keeps this emblematic type in service in Ger-many, Greece, Turkey, South Korea, Ja-pan and also Iran.
LONGER LIFE, MORE CHALLENGES
Thanks to new materials and de-sign solutions, airframe and engine component durability have increased
significantly. While some fighters man-ufactured in the 1950s had to be with-drawn after a few hundred airframe hours and their engines barely survived a few dozen hours, many of those made since the 1970s have demonstrated oper-ational lifespans measured in thousands of hours, both for the airframe and the engine. Component reliability achieved a similar improvement, although at the increasingly complex systems level (ra-dar, communications, IFF and EW, for example), this degree of reliability did not materialize until some time later.
Ultimately, however, it has been the improvement in flight safety through the succeeding generations of fighter aircraft that has made their prolonged service possible. A significant factor for any air force is the attrition rate during peacetime training operations. In other words, what level of attrition is accept-able to train and maintain an adequate
number of combat ready aircrews for a given fleet of aircraft? At the begin-ning of the supersonic flight era, sev-eral dozens of airframes and their pilots were lost in training incidents for every hundred-thousand flight hours, which is the standard means of measuring flight safety. With the emergence of fly-by-wire (FBW) controls and improved man-ma-chine interface and ergonomic solutions, the highest risk factors, namely airman-ship and other human causes, were in-creasingly pushed aside and flight safety improved accordingly. For example, the most numerous fourth-generation fight-er type, the single-engine F-16, has a loss rate of around 1.4 aircraft per hundred-thousand hours in USAF service today. With attrition so low, it is easy to cal-culate that the designed lifespan of the aircraft would be reached much sooner than attrition would prohibitively decay the force structure.
By Gábor László Zord
With airframes tolerating longer life cycles, system updates to existing platforms are critical to maintain operational capabilities – and government bottom lines
43
All said, it can be seen that fourth-generation, and even some third-generation fighter types have the performance, durability, reliability and flight safety parameters that made them realistic candidates for prolonged operational service. To maintain, or even increase, combat effectiveness – “military utility” so to speak – during this extended service that may span 30 to 40 years, such a platform is worth upgrading with up-to-date mission sys-tems. Besides, upgrades have several advantages compared to the procure-ment of a whole new aircraft, including financial and political benefits, which at the end of the day are decisive fac-tors, as defense budgets remain con-strained worldwide.
From a different approach, fighter upgrades are also necessary because of the changing operational environment. Precision-guided munitions capabilities were first required to lower the numbers of sorties needed to destroy a target, therefore lowering the risk of losing the strike aircraft. Later, avoiding collateral damage became another factor in their development. Likewise, new sensors, as well as faster and more secure networked communications, became necessary to prosecute time-sensitive targets.
Electronic warfare, which in es-sence improves the fighter’s surviv-ability and its ability to put more targets at risk, now has to meet the unrealistic political demand for “zero losses.” This trend became widely ap-parent in the wake of the 1991 Gulf War, and it has gained momentum right through to today’s irregular war-fare operations, when even a single al-lied warplane being downed can give the enemy a tremendous psychological boost. Of course, the threat improves as well, with modernized and new air defense systems and unorthodox tac-tics and employment methods.
There are two additional factors that also drive EW upgrades. Parts obsoles-cence, is one factor, and it can lead to difficulties in sustaining EW equipment, Also, in the case of EW systems, increas-ingly congested electromagnetic envi-ronments can degrade the performance of older EW equipment, as well as radars and communications systems.
Having reviewed the factors driving fighter EW upgrades, it’s useful to look at the main legacy fighter programs across the world and how they are ad-dressing EW upgrades.
F-4 PHANTOM
The remaining Phantoms of the world testify to the cost-effectiveness of up-grade programs, as virtually all have un-dergone several iterations though their 35 to 40 years of service. The F-4F air-craft of the Luftwaffe continue to guard Germany’s airspace, as well as deploying to the Baltic states in their Improved Combat Efficiency (ICE) configuration, which includes the F/A-18’s APG-65 radar and AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) capability, as well as ALR-68 radar warning receiver (RWR).
Cassidian has upgraded 38 Greek F-4E aircraft along similar lines, under the Peace Icarus 2000 program, although they continue to operate as multi-role platforms. The Peace Icarus 2000 pro-gram added Rafael’s Litening II target-ing pod and BGT’s IRIS-T (AIM-2000) dogfight missile. Although its relation-ship with Israel soured recently, Turkey continues to operate its fleet of F-4Es, which have been upgraded to the Termi-nator 2020 standard with the addition of Elta’s EL/M-2032 radar and EL/L-8222 jammer pod, as well as portions of the ALQ-178 SPEWS from Turkish contractor MiKES. The aircraft have also received Litening II targeting pods and AGM-142 Popeye stand-off munitions. Japan still flies the upgraded F-4EJ Kai version, which received the APG-66 radar of the F-16A, as well as the capability to launch ASM-1 or ASM-2 anti-ship missiles.
F-15 EAGLE
With F-22 production capped at 187 aircraft, the US Air Force will need to rely on a fleet of “Golden Eagles” – up-graded F-15C and D aircraft – to maintain air superiority, as well as F-15E aircraft for long-range air-to-ground missions. The most important upgrade of the type is the installation of AESA radars in the form of AN/APG-63(V)2 and 3, which will enable these aircraft to detect and tar-get emerging air threats, such as cruise missiles and advanced fighters.
The fighters’ Tactical EW Suite (TEWS), comprising the ALR-56C RWR, the ALQ-135 jammer and the ALR-45 countermeasures dispenser, has not changed substantially for many years, although export customers of new as well as legacy F-15s have started asking for and receiving upgraded solutions. South Korea’s F-15s include ALQ-135M jammers with advanced microwave power mod-ules and improved ALR-56C RWRs.
The Saudi order for 84 F-15SA aircraft includes BAE Systems Digital EW System (DEWS), which is expected to have digi-tal radar warning, as well as DRFM jam-mers, using technology from the F-35’s ASQ-239 Barracuda EW system. Israel continues to upgrade its original fleet of F-15A/B/C/D aircraft with technologies from the F-15I Raam. As with its F-16s, Singapore turned to Israel to equip its new F-15SG aircraft.
F-16 VIPER
Designed at the beginning of the 1970s, Lockheed Martin’s F-16 is cur-rently the most popular supersonic fighter in the world (close to 4,500 have been delivered, of which just over 3,000 were still active at the beginning of May). Based on these numbers, it repre-sents a significant portion of the fighter upgrade market.
Production of advanced F-16 ver-sions, such as the Block 52 plus, are still ongoing, but at the same time there are airframes in service that are more than three decades old. With the delays of its
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intended replacement, the F-35, it is fair to assess that the operators of even the oldest examples – including Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Portugal, known as the European Partic-ipating Air Forces (EPAF) – will need to keep flying theirs for another 10 years.
The most important and extensive upgrade programs for the type is the Mid-Life Update (MLU) destined mainly for the EPAF Block 10/15 aircraft and the Common Configuration Implementa-tion Program (CCIP) for the US Air Force
Block 40/42 and 50/52 aircraft. Both programs are based on a Modular Mis-sion Computer (MMC) architecture, and result in a virtually common, rolling update procedure, the current status of which is designated M5.
The MLU has provided autonomous precision-guided munitions capabil-ity to EPAF, through the addition of electro-optical targeting pods, of which the Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF) uses LANTIRN ER. The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) and the Belgian Air Com-
ponent (BAC) use Pantera, while the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) and the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) use Litening. Most of these pods are fitted with Remote Optical Video Enhanced Receiver (ROVER) cards capable of ex-changing images with Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTAC) on the ground equipped with a compatible terminal. Beyond laser guided bombs, the use of Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) became possible. MLU also introduced Link 16 datalink capability and a Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) supporting advanced, High Off Bore-Sight (HOBS) short-range air-to-air mis-siles like IRIS-T (AIM-2000) and AIM-9X. Upgrades to the mechanically scanned, slotted planar array AN/APG-66 radar resulted in the (V)2 version, capable of supporting the Beyond Visual range (BVR) AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles, and advanced air-to-air and air-to-ground modes of operation.
Through the MLU, EPAF F-16s share a mostly common configuration today. In the EW arena, however, this common-ality only extends to Terma’s ALQ-213 EW Management System and its Pylon Integrated Dispenser System (PIDS). Otherwise, EPAF EW solutions differ. As the most unique example, Belgium uses the Dassault Electronique (now Thales) Carapace system, which it bought in the 1990s. Only the passive portion of Cara-pace was installed, however. Jamming is provided by Northrop Grumman AN/ALQ-131 Block II pods. The Portuguese use Elisra SPS-1000(V)5 warning receiv-ers and ALQ-131 pods. The Netherlands uses upgraded Northrop Grumman ALR-69s and the ALQ-131 Block II. The Royal Netherlands Air Force has been planning for a Block III DRFM upgrade to the ALQ-131, although it is not clear when this will occur. Much depends on whether Northrop Grumman or Raytheon win the ongoing Pod Upgrade Program (PUP) in the US. The Norwegians and the Danish use upgraded ALR-69s and either ALQ-131s or ALQ-162s, the latter – now in a DRFM-based pulse-Doppler/power up-graded (V)6 version – integrated into a wing pylon called Electronic Combat Integrated Pylon System (ECIPS). ECIPS and PIDS are regularly used together, asymmetrically fitted under the wings.
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Both air forces have committed to up-grade these pylons (already fitted with JDAM-capable MIL-STD-1760 smart weapon interfaces) to PIDS+ and ECIPS+ standards with the addition of a Cassid-ian Electronics (formerly EADS) AAR-60(V)2 Missile Launch Detector System, Fighter (MILDS-F).
The US fleet involved in CCIP up-grades are all Block 40/42 and 50/52 air-craft, the oldest of which has been in service for 20 years. Although advanced targeting pods, smart munitions and
datalinks were previously integrated, aircraft that underwent the CCIP now have a common and streamlined way of accessing these capabilities.
From an EW – more precisely an elec-tronic attack (EA) – viewpoint, probably the most important achievement in the US Air Force’s F-16 fleet has been the integration of lethal suppression of en-emy air defenses (SEAD) / destruction of enemy air defenses (DEAD) capabilities integrated into the Block 50/52 F-16CJ aircraft. The CJ model simultaneously
and cooperatively employs the Sniper EO targeting pod and upgraded ASQ-213 R7 HARM Targeting System (HTS) pod. The fusion and sharing of emitter informa-tion from multiple CJs enables precision geolocation and rapid targeting via the Sniper pod. This combination offers a significant improvement in terms of tar-geting accuracy and rapid response.
The story of the self-protection of these aircraft began, unfortunately, as the USAF withdrew from the ITT/Northrop Grumman ALQ-165 Advanced Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ) program intended for them in 1990, and therefore the fleet had to settle with the combi-nation of Raytheon’s ALR-69 or BAE Sys-tems’ ALR-56M and ALQ-131 or ALQ-184 jamming pod. It was the O’Grady shoot-down over Bosnia in 1995 that helped to supplement this outfit with the ALE-50 towed repeater decoy system. In 1999 over Serbia, the Raytheon ALE-50 proved to be a true game changer regarding the most proliferated single-digit semi-ac-tive monopulse seekers like those found on the 3M9ME or 3M9M3 missiles of the 2K12 Kub (SA-6) system. The cat-and-mouse game between threats and coun-termeasures, however, does not stand still. Sustainability, new threats with coherent waveforms and an increasingly dense EM-environment clearly show a pressing need for digital receivers, such as the ALR-69A, and DRFM jammer up-grades to this equipment, especially as CCIP’d F-16s have to stay relevant until the F-35 will replace them (hopefully by 2025-26). There is also a stated US requirement to use ALQ-213 for integra-tion, as the Air National Guard has been doing on their earlier F-16s for well over a decade now.
Regarding the Block 30/32 F-16s used by the Air National Guard (which were extensively modernized separately from the later versions of the active fleet through the Combat Upgrade Plan In-tegration Details, CUPID program), the 2010 Weapons and Tactics Conference identified ALR-69 and ALQ-131/184 digital upgrades among the top items in the Air National Guard’s Critical Combat Capabilities List. Although an initial all-digital ALR-69A upgrade for them is ongoing, there is no funding yet for fleet-wide modification.
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Depending on funds and the pace of F-35 introduction, upgrades that may appear on the US fleet of F-16s include an AESA radar (both Raytheon and Northrop Grumman are demonstrating their prototypes now), and a large Cen-ter Display Unit (CDU) which would solve a long-standing shortcoming of the F-16 cockpit, namely the inadequate display area of the two current Multi Function Displays (MFD).
Beyond the USAF and EPAF, other F-16 operators of legacy aircraft are also pursuing upgrades. Partly through the acquisition of surplus Dutch and Belgian F-16s, Chile and Jordan became opera-tors of MLU aircraft.
In addition to buying 30 Advanced Block 50s, Turkey decided upon imple-menting CCIP for its fleet of domestically produced Block 40s and 50s, and a more limited upgrade to its Block 30s. The effort includes the newest APG-68(V)9 standard radar, the locally developed Aselpod targeting pod and the ability to carry AGM-84K SLAM-ER cruise missiles. While the new aircraft will be fitted with ITT’s ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced In-tegrated Defensive EW Suite (AIDEWS), the legacy fleet has received, through the years, the BAE Systems-developed ALQ-178(V) Self-Protection EW System (SPEWS) I-II manufactured locally by MiKES. Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) also implements upgrades on Jor-danian and Pakistani aircraft. There is an ongoing effort to use about 20 F-16D two-seaters as stand-off jammers with an adequate pod.
Israel, which is well known for in-digenous upgrades, recently decided upon the so-called Barak 2020 program, which will implement a standard close
to the configuration of the F-16I “Soufa” on about 124 earlier Block 30 and 40 air-craft. Elisra’s Advanced Self-Protection System (ASPS) includes the SPS-3000 RWR, SPJ-40 jammer and PAWS-2 IR missile warner. Israeli systems are ex-tensively used on F-16s in service with Singapore. Singapore’s latest Advanced Block 52s virtually mirror the F-16I configuration.
Also a large operator of the type, South Korea’s Air Force outfitted its lo-cally manufactured Block 52s with the ITT/Northrop Grumman ALQ-165 Ad-vanced Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ) in the 1990s, and it recently completed an upgrade that will provide the capability to drop JDAMs. It is now looking into radar upgrades for its KF-16s, including, but not limited to AESA sensors. Beyond US export control issues, the decisions will depend on the eventual progress of the Korean-manufactured FA-50 light fighter, for which the local LIG Nex1 company is developing a radar together with IAI ELTA, based on the latter’s EL/M-2032 mechanically scanned design. Longer term, this program may even receive technology insertion from the Israeli company’s EL/M-2052 AESA radar development. The FA-50s EW suite is be-ing supplied by Elisra.
Greece, which bought 90 Block 52+ in the last decade equipped with Ray-theon’s Advanced Self-Protection Inte-grated Suite (ASPIS) II, also upgraded the original ASPIS I of its Block 30s and 50s to this standard. Some aircraft lacking jammers received them, while those already outfitted with ALQ-187 were given a DRFM upgrade. Egypt and Morocco have also bought the ASPIS for their F-16s.
F/A-18 HORNET
As a type destined to be replaced by the F-35 eventually, the so-called legacy Hornets (F/A-18A/B/C/D models) of the US Navy and Marine Corps have received many upgrades in recent years, includ-ing Advanced IFF and targeting pods (Litening and ATFLIR), while struc-tural upgrades were made to extend the lifespan of the airframes prone to cracks in the harsh carrier environment. Regarding EW, the basic trend over the past few years has been to retrofit ele-ments (Raytheon’s ALR-67(V)3 RWR and ITT’s ALQ-214 RF Countermeasures sub-system) of the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet’s Integrated Defensive Electronic Coun-termeasures (IDECM) suite into legacy Hornets. The US Navy is following in the footsteps of export customers, like the Swiss Air Force and the Canadian Forces, which have been retrofitting the ALR-67(V)3 into their Hornets. The world-wide fleet of legacy Hornets, which currently relies on a mix of ALQ-126B, ALQ-162 and a few ALQ-165 jammers are slated receive a new version of the ALQ-214 jammer, as well.
As the Royal Australian Air Force became a Super Hornet customer, it moved to equip its legacy F-18s with the ALR-67(V)3 RWR, instead of the (now abandoned) indigenous ALR-2001. The upgrade also included AIM-132 Advanced Short-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AS-RAAMs), and smart weapons fitted with long-range “diamondback” wing kits.
Spain elected a different path for its EF-18M upgrade. Beginning in 2008, do-mestic EW manufacturer Indra supplied a new Self Protection Suite (SPS) for 56 aircraft. It includes the ALR-400 digital Radar Warning Receiver, the ALQ-500 Jammer/Deceiver and the ALE-47 CMDS.
MIRAGE 2000
While continuous upgrades for the fleet of different Mirage 2000 variants of the French Air Force is ongoing (includ-ing the addition of the rocket-propelled modular munition, the AASM), the most significant of them, the conversion of a limited number of C fighter variants to Dash 5 versions, finished years ago. The upgrade included a new glass cockpit, RDY radar, full ICMS EW suite and the addition of Mica EM and IR missiles.
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The Indian Air Force and Thales are inching ever closer to an agreement to upgrade the Indian Air Force’s fleet of Mirage 2000 aircraft (see related news article in World Report, page 28). Thales is offering the Integrated Countermea-sure System (ICMS) Mk 4 for the up-grade, which includes wideband digital receivers and DRFM.
TORNADO
Although planning seems to change from time to time, it is generally agreed
that the tri-national European Tornado has to serve for another 10-20 years. This goal is being achieved via separate phased upgrade programs among its three European operators, the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. Although separate programs, they are achieving similar levels of capability. For exam-ple, all air forces operating the type have added a GPS-guided munition ca-pability (Paveway IV for the Royal Air Force, GBU-54 LJDAM for the Luftwaffe and JDAM for the Aeronautica Militare
Italiana, the AMI), advanced target-ing pods (in the form of Litening) and reconnaissance pods (in the form of Raptor and RecceLite). Regarding EW, the Italian examples are fitted with Elettronica AR-3/MK3i, while the Ger-mans have installed Saab’s BOW RWR as part of its Tornado Defensive Aids Subsystem (TDASS) upgrade. The AMI is partnering with the US Navy in the AGM-88E AARGM missile development, which would give their ECR defense-suppression aircraft new capabilities.
Over the last few years, Europe’s Tor-nadoes have been supporting operations in Afghanistan, which has prompted significant IR countermeasures up-grades for the Tornado. Germany, the UK and Italy each pursued different upgrade programs, although all were based on Saab’s BOZ dispenser pod. In 2006, Germany selected Terma’s Special Dispenser System (SDS), the so-called MCP-8F version of the company’s Modu-lar Countermeasures Pod (MCP). The RAF also contracted with Terma in 2008 to provide the Advanced Infrared Protec-tion System (AIPS), which also incor-porates a US-supplied missile warning system. Both solutions are controlled by the Danish company’s ALQ-213(V) EW management system. The AMI selected Saab’s BOZ-102EC (Enhanced Capability), which is a Compact Integrated Defensive Aids Suite (CIDAS) installed in a stan-dard BOZ pod. It carries an Electronic Warfare Controller (EWC), five BOPL-39 countermeasures dispensers and the company’s MAW-300 ultraviolet-band missile warner.
MIG-21
The classic Cold War Soviet MiG-21 and its Chinese F-7 derivative survived into the 21st Century in significant numbers. Two upgrades stand out, which at the present moment look like they will enable these aircraft to re-main in service for another three to 10 years. The Indian Air Force’s MiG-21UPG, or Bison, received the Phazatron Kopyo lightweight radar, the indigenously developed Tarang RWR, conformal dis-pensers above the wings, as well as a capability to carry R-73RDM2 (AA-11) dogfight and Beyond Visual Range (BVR) R-77/RVV-AEE (AA-12) missiles, as
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well as KAB-500 electro-optical guided bombs. The hotly contested Medium-Range Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program and the local Tejas light fighter pro-gram are intended to buy replacements for the Bison, but slow progress with both makes it necessary for the Indian Air Force to continue relying in part on these old MiGs.
The Romanian Air Force turned to Elbit for a comprehensive upgrade of its MiG-21MF aircraft, which became the LanceR. On the LanceR-C variant, the Romanians fitted an Elta AL/M-2032 radar and an EW suite comprising Elis-ra’s SPS-20 RWR, IMI’s TAAS dispenser and Elta’s EL/L-8222R jamming pod. Interestingly, LanceRs were one of the first types to employ a helmet mounted cueing system in the form of DASH. In addition to the Litening targeting pod, weapons integrated with the up-grade include Python III and Magic II air-to-air missiles, Lizard laser-guided munitions and Opher IR-guided bombs. Although capability-wise the upgrade was a success, accident attrition has been high and budget constraints led
to a decline in mission capable rates. According to current plans, ex-US F-16 Block 25 aircraft with Israeli up-grades will replace the MiGs, although a contract has not been signed yet. The Romanian Air Force wants as many ele-ments from the LanceR upgrade as pos-sible to be retained in the replacement solution.
MIG-29
Counter to Western expectations, the MiG-29 has proven to be far less com-petitive in fighter competitions over the past decade than expected. However,
many of the world’s MiG-29 operators intend to keep them flying for 10 to 15 more years, including NATO countries such as Poland, Slovakia and Bulgaria, which operate the original 9.12 vari-ant. Slovakia performed the MiG-29AS upgrade, which mostly included West-ern navigation and communications systems, IFF, as well as man-machine interface improvements. Poland has developed its own upgrade package in order to meet basic NATO interoperabil-ity requirements, and it is now looking into capability upgrades. This includes a sustainability and performance upgrade
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of the N019 (Slot Back) radar with the Phazotron Ukraine company. EW up-grades may receive attention, as it was mentioned when Poland signed a deal for helicopter self-protection solutions with Terma last year.
Ukraine has been planning a fleet-wide upgrade of its MiG-29s for many years, but no final decision has been taken yet. However, aerospace compa-nies in the country are preparing solu-tions, in case funding is assured. The Radionix company, for example, is devel-oping the Omut jammer (also to be avail-able in podded form) for this purpose, to replace the L009LM RWR and L203B(I) jammer combination in the 9.13 variant of the MiG-29.
India’s MiG-29 upgrade program reached an important milestone ear-lier this year, when the first prototype of the MiG-29UPG made its initial test flight at Zhukovsky airfield, Russia. Al-though the exact configuration was not disclosed, it is believed that the Phazo-tron Zhuk ME mechanically scanned pla-nar slotted antenna radar is part of the package, as well as dorsal mounted fuel
tanks and an improved EW suite, which includes an internal jammer, which the MiG-29 lacked before.
SUKHOI
The Su-27 and derivatives (Su-30 and China’s Jenyang J-11) have been the most successful export product of the Russian defense industry over the past two decades. While some newer versions were delivered in an up-to-date configuration, which in-cluded Western equipment (India’s Su-30MKI carries Elta’s EL/L-8222 jam-mer pods and Litening targeting pods and Malaysia’s MKM received a Saab self-protection suite, for example), the upgrade of the original Soviet fleet started slowly and has not re-ceived much attention. Russia is mov-ing ahead with its Su-27SM upgrade, which beside cockpit upgrades and new radar (N001V) allows the carriage of R-77 missiles. Belurussia developed its own upgrade, the Su-27BM/UBM, and beyond its own aircraft, upgraded those of Kazakhstan. The latter also received Litening pods from Elbit, as
well as a new Belorussian jammer inte-grated into a missile rail.
BANG FOR THE BUCK
While the world’s high-profile fighter programs, such as those in India and Brazil, seem to garner the most atten-tion, the market for fighter upgrades remains significant. Major advances in avionics architectures, stand-off tar-geting and precision munitions, radar, communications and EW systems can be implemented on legacy platforms that still have many years of service left in them. Moreover, these options are espe-cially significant in an austere budget environment.
Pursuing these types of upgrades typ-ically requires the user nation to be as-tute not only about aircraft engines and structural components, but also about AESA radars, advanced datalinks, digital RWRs and DRFM-based countermeasures. If done right, a good fighter upgrade pro-gram can enable an air force to wait until the time is right to buy a new genera-tion of aircraft, even if that takes several years longer than expected. a
France’s Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA) procurement agency is pursing several electronic warfare (EW) programs across the land, sea and air domains for the country’s armed forces. Several of these initiatives have been launched in the last five years, and additional EW system acquisitions are ex-pected over the next five-year period. These initiatives are being driven by two key motivations; firstly to outfit platforms that the Armée de Terre (French Army), Marine Nationale (French Navy) and Armée de l’Air (French Air Force) are acquiring; and secondly, to respond to urgent operational requirements gener-ated by the continuing French presence in Afghanistan in sup-port of NATO operations there. Around 4,000 French personnel are deployed both inside the country, and as part of Combined Task Force-150 supporting maritime security operations in the Indian Ocean region. Most of these personnel are involved in counter-insurgency efforts inside Afghanistan and, as a result of the French Army’s experiences there, a number of EW pro-grams have been launched to provide force protection to French troops operating on the ground.
ARMÉE DE TERRE
The French Army follows two distinct approaches as far as its EW doctrine is concerned, maintaining both brigade and tacti-cal-level EW capabilities. The force is unusual in the European context in maintaining a dedicated unit charged with collect-ing signals intelligence (SIGINT). This unit was initially called the Brigade de Renseignement et de Guerre Electronique (BRGE/Electronic Warfare and Information Brigade) and was formed in 1993. It was renamed the Brigade de Renseignement, despite
retaining its EW responsibilities. Currently, this unit contains two SIGINT regiments (44e and 54e Régiment de Transmis-sions); artillery and light cavalry regiments; a cartographic group; an information collection group charged with interro-gating prisoners of war; and civil communications operations. In addition to this formation, French Army EW doctrine also highlights the importance of retaining tactical-level EW as-sets, and to this end, is rolling out equipment onto its ground vehicles to provide tactical-level SIGINT and force protection.
EW force protection assets utilized by the French Army in-clude a route clearance system, known as the SOUVIM-2, which is understood to have deployed to Afghanistan. The system obtains its designation from Système d’OUVerture d’Itinéraire Miné, (Mine Route Clearance System). The DGA contracted MBDA to develop the SOUVIM-2 in 2000, following the draft of a requirement by the French Army for a vehicle which could clear ordnance from up to 93 miles of road per day. The require-ment also stipulated that the vehicle should be able to mark the safe route for other traffic in a convoy. The acquisition of the SOUVIM-2 by the French Army replaces the legacy SOU-VIM-1 system that the force was using for the mine and Impro-vised Explosive Device (IED) clearance task. SOUVIM-1 was the local designation given to the four DCD Dorbyl Husky vehicles that the French Army procured from South Africa.
Each SOUVIM-2 comprises two separate vehicles, each de-signed with a narrow V-shaped hull. The two vehicles both tow trailers, and travel in a tandem formation. A frame outfits the front of the leading vehicle accommodating an infra-red sen-sor designed to detonate IR-activated ordnance, as well as a
By Tom Withington
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magnetic unit to detonate magnetic mines. This frame is also equipped with metal protrusions to trigger motion-activated mines, allowing the leading SOUVIM-2 vehicle to detonate such ordnance at a safe distance. Low pressure tires allow the lead vehicle to pass harmlessly over pressure mines, which are then activated by a heavy trailer, which weighs around 22,000 lbs. The trailer also carries high-pressure paint spraying apparatus to apply paint to the road surface, and which cannot be dis-placed by dust. This indicates the section of the road passed over by the lead vehicle, which the following convoy will drive through. Although the trailer is designed to detonate pressure mines, its robust construction provides it with good protec-tion against any damage caused by these mines. Moreover, any damage to the trailer, such as the loss of a wheel, can be easily replaced in the field.
The lead vehicle is followed by a second vehicle, which does not carry the forward-facing frame, but does tow two addi-tional trailers that are designed to detonate any residual pres-sure mines not activated by the lead vehicle and trailer. By the end of this year, SOUVIM-2 manufacturer MBDA is expected to deliver five complete systems to the French Army.
Along with the SOUVIM-2, the French Army has procured the Station Appui Electronique de Contact (SAEC) SIGINT ve-hicles. The DGA awarded Thales a contract in 2004 to develop the SAEC, which is deployed on eight Véhicule de l’Avant Blindé (VAB) armored personnel carriers. The SAEC, which can per-form on-the-move and static communications and electronic intelligence gathering, performs wideband signals acquisition and real-time analysis. The SAEC can be linked into a VHF or HF tactical radio network to feed raw or processed intelligence to higher command levels.
A number of SIGINT and EW programs for the French Army are also known to be in existence, although neither the force, the DGA, nor the contractor (in this case Thales), will provide any public comment regarding the name or scope of these ini-tiatives. For example, last year the DGA awarded Thales a con-tract to develop a communications intelligence (COMINT) and jamming system to support dismounted Special Forces. In ad-dition, earlier this year, the procurement agency awarded the company a contract to develop a counter-IED jammer resulting from an Urgent Operational Requirement. Deliveries of this new product are expected to commence before the summer. Apart
from this UOR, the DGA is expected to launch a larger counter-IED program on behalf of the French Army in the near future.
ARMÉE DE L’AIR
Like the French Army, French Air Force EW doctrine is fo-cused on using both dedicated SIGINT gathering capabilities – in this case the C-160G Gabriel aircraft that are used by the force for electronic intelligence collection at the operational and strategic levels – along with tactical EW executed by the dedicated self-protection equipment installed on fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.
MBDA’s DDM-NG self protection system provides a 360-degree view around the aircraft to detect incoming missiles, projectiles and gunshots. The company sees applications for its infrared sensing technology for ground surveillance, too.
The country looks to system acquisitions as it continues to support operations in the Middle East
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The Air Force operates two dedicated C-160G Gabriel SIGINT aircraft flown by the Escadron Electronique EE54 ‘Dunkerque’ (54 ‘Dunkerque’ Electronic Squadron) lo-cated at Metz-Frescaty airbase, northern France. At least one of these aircraft was reported in the French media to be sup-porting Opération Harmattan, the French contribution to Operation Unified Protec-tor which enforces the UN arms embargo and no-fly zone over Libya. The French Air Force has refused to confirm or deny this, stating that it does not comment on C-160G operations. In 2008, the DGA
selected Thales to perform an upgrade to the SIGINT collection and analysis capa-bilities of these aircraft. Although these upgrades were scheduled to be completed this year, it is thought that both of the air force’s C-160G Gabriel aircraft have completed their upgrade programs and re-entered service.
At the tactical level, France is pur-suing several EW programs in the air domain, including the DDM-SAMIR (Dé-tecteur De Missile-Système d’Alerte Mis-sile InfraRouge) infrared missile warning system, the new generation DDM-NG
missile warning system, the SPECTRA self-protection suite plus the Saphir-M and ELIPS family. Furthermore, in the air domain, the DGA is pushing forward work on decoy systems, such as Spider, while continuing to order legacy prod-ucts such as the Éclair-M chaff and flare launcher to support air force operations in Afghanistan.
The DDM-SAMIR has been in produc-tion since October 1994, when the DGA tasked MBDA and Sagem Défense et Sé-curité to develop this missile warning receiver for Dassault Mirage 2000C/D/N combat aircraft. Since then, the DGA has authorized MBDA’s development of the next incarnation of the DDM-SAMIR, known as the DDM-NG, which forms a key component of the SPECTRA self-protec-tion suite outfitting the Dassault Rafale-C/D/M combat aircraft of the air force and Aeronavale (French Naval Aviation). Deliveries of the DDM-NG for SPECTRA installation on the Rafale is expected to commence in 2012, and MBDA is cur-rently completing some remaining work on the system’s software modes.
One of the DGA’s specifications for the DDM-NG was for it to maintain the same form, fit, function and electrical interface as that used for the legacy DDM-SAMIR, but with greatly improved capability. For example, the DDM-NG uses a pair of staring IR focal plane ar-ray sensors to provide the aircraft with 360 degree coverage; and it can detect rocket, missile and even sniper fire. The SPECTRA EW suite is already in ser-vice on the 55 Rafales operated by the Air Force, and 17 flown by the Navy, although the SPECTRA system carried by these aircraft comprises the legacy DDM-SAMIR. Production of the DDM-NG is scheduled to commence in 2012.
Along with the work that the DGA has tasked MBDA to perform regarding the DDM-NG, the procurement agency has also tasked the firm to further de-velop its Spider expendable RF decoy. Originally conceived in the 1990s, the DGA has authorized a Technology Dem-onstration Program to develop the Spi-der into a working product. This process is expected to take around five years. Moreover, as part of the pan-European Airbus A400M military airlifter pro-gram, the DGA has tasked MBDA with DDM-NG sensor view and the sensor mounted near the top of the Rafale’s tailfin.
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DSEi in London, UK, is the world’s largest fully integrated defence and security
exhibition, with land, naval, air and security platforms all on show. The AOC
are hosting an Electronic Warfare Pavilion at DSEi 2011, allowing companies to
showcase their capabilities to the world’s defence community.
» Preferential space rates starting at £2,700
» Inclusive package with furniture and electrics
» Use of lounge and meeting room
» Free access to seminars and workshops
FOR FURTHER DETAILS CONTACT:
Doug SchlamT +1 (203) 275 8014
Don RichettiT +1 (703) 549 1600
The AOC Electronic Warfare Pavilion at DSEi 2011
DSEI03_Ad.indd 1 1/26/11 3:15:12 PM
the development of the Saphir-400 ex-pendable decoy dispensing system for the freighter. This product will be inte-grated with the larger A400M Defensive Aids Sub System (DASS) provided by the Spanish defence firm Indra.
In terms of rotary-wing EW pro-grams being supported by the DGA, the
organization has commissioned MBDA to develop the Saphir-M and ELIPS-NH chaff/flare dispensers for the Eurocop-ter EC-665 (Saphir-M) attack helicopter variants under acquisition by France, Spain, Germany and Australia. Mean-while, the ELIPS-NH decoy system is equipping all of the NH Industries NH-
90 Tactical Transport Helicopters (TTH) and NFHs (NATO Frigate Helicopters) being sold to Australia, Belgium, Fin-land, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Portugal and Spain. The excep-tion is Sweden, which is to receive 18 NH-90s that will be outfitted with a Saab-produced decoy system.
In fact, the ELIPS-NH is one variant within the larger ELIPS family, which also includes the ELIPS-NG chaff and flare dispenser. ELIPS-NG can be con-figured to include between two and six chaff and flare decoy launchers, and it outfits the Eurocopter EC-725 Cara-cal Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) and Special Forces helicopters used by the French Army and Air Force. MBDA sources have indicated that this product could be used to equip the French Navy’s Dassault Atlantique ATL2 maritime pa-trol aircraft in the near future.
Along with the new EW products discussed above, both the DGA and French Air Force continue to procure legacy chaff and flare products to protect aircraft participating in ongo-
The French Army’s SOUVIM-2 system has been procured to provide a route clearance capability.
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ing combat operations. For example, French Air Force Mirage-2000D aircraft deployed to Afghanistan are outfitted with MBDA’s Éclair-M decoy dispenser, which is carried in place of the drag parachute that these aircraft usually deploy, to provide additional protec-tion. The Éclair-M can carry up to 112 packages of chaff and 64 flares, and is used to defeat new-generation Man-Portable Air Defense System (MAN-PADS) threats that the aircraft might encounter in theater.
MARINE NATIONALE
Like the Air Force and Army, the French Navy supports a similar dual strategic/operational and tactical EW doctrine. The force is one of the few European navies to maintain a dedi-cated SIGINT vessel for strategic- and operational-level missions, in the form of the Dupuy de Lôme, which was com-missioned in 2006. In addition, the force will also make use of a number of tacti-cal ELINT capabilities outfitting several of the surface and subsurface combat-
ants entering service with the force in the next five to 10 years.
Regarding surface vessels, the Navy should commission the first of its nine FREMM (Frégate Multi-Mission) ships in July 2012. Meanwhile, the force is also upgrading some of the EW systems on existing ship classes. To this end, the Georges Leygues-Class F-70 class anti-submarine frigates are receiving improvements to their EW systems. This upgrade will also be rolled out across the force’s five La Fayette class light frigates, which carry the SAIGON ARBG-1 VHF/UHF detector, ARBR-21 radar detector and Dagaile Mk.2 chaff launcher. Other improvements to the EW capabilities of the French Navy surface fleet include the addition of new chaff and IR decoys to its Hori-zon class frigates with the possibil-ity of also installing these defenses, which are being furnished by French countermeasures specialists Etienne-Lacroix, to the FREMM ships over the next five years.
The French Navy is also taking deliv-ery of new submarines in the form of up to six Barracuda class nuclear powered attack boats. The launch of the first, the Suffren, is expected in 2016. These submarines will be outfitted with a DAS surface detection system from French defense contractor Sagem Défense Sé-curité. The DAS comprises a pair of op-tronic masts and a single radar mast. Collocated with these is an ESM system that will detect radar emissions from surface ships and aircraft.
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE
The procurements to fulfil UORs, par-ticularly in the ground domain, under-line the fact that the DGA is still mindful of a need to protect French assets in the Afghan theatre from threats such as IEDs. At the same time, the agency in continuing to procure EW systems for the protection of French platforms in future operations, which may or may not include a significant counter-insurgency element. While playing close attention to the need to fulfil tactical EW requirements, the DGA also contin-ues to maintain the capabilities of its strategic- and operational-level SIGINT gathering capabilities. a
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TECHNOLOGY SURVEYAIRBORNE DISPENSERS AND IR EXPENDABLESBy Ollie Holt
IR Expendables
As missile technology has evolved, IR seekers have employed more sophisti-cated counter-countermeasures against flares. These counter-countermeasures may include spectral, temporal, spa-tial and kinematic techniques to dis-tinguish between flares and the target aircraft. As a result, flare designs offer
more sophistication in terms of the ma-terials they use and their flight charac-teristics. For example, thrusted flares include a propellant component that enables the decoy to fly along with or even ahead of the platform for several seconds, which is long enough to con-fuse an incoming threat. Dual-spectral flares include two components that ra-diate at different temperatures. These are designed to defeat threats that re-ject single-point flares by looking for targets with two or more IR features, such as heat from the leading edge of a wing and the much hotter metal near the engine exhaust.
The more advanced missile seekers will add both a spatial and spectral com-ponent to the tracking loop in order to separate targets from countermeasures.
Infrared (IR) countermeasures flares and decoys remain the pri-mary means of protecting rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft against IR-guided threats. This is due to their effectiveness against most
types of fielded IR-guided missiles, as well as their affordability. Flare tech-nology and dispenser designs have evolved considerably over the past decade, and many of those advances are reflected in this month’s survey.
Dispensers
The dispensers included in this month’s survey cover a variety types, including traditional “bucket” designs, such as the ALE-47, which use pyrotechnic impulse cartridg-es or “squibs” to eject the flares. Typically, these types of dispensers are program-mable, meaning they can be pre-programmed to dispense flares in a particular pattern. Sometimes, two or even three different flare types are load-ed into the dispensers in order to match flares with specific types of threats. A few of these dispensers also feature the ability to automatically identify which type of flare is loaded into each slot of the magazine. This helps with keeping track of flare inventory throughout a mission. Mechanical dispensers use a motor to drive a plunger that pushes pyrophoric IR decoy material out of the dispenser. These dispensers can be started and stopped either automati-cally via the EW suite or manually by the aircrew. Depending on the amount of pyrophoric decoy material they can carry, they can provide pre-emptive IR protection for extended periods.
In order to defeat these advanced seekers, either a cocktail of spectral and propelled flares is required or a spectrally tailored propelled flare is needed to degrade the missile seeker tracking capability.
Most airborne IR decoys comply to standard form factors, such as 1 x 1 x 8 inches, 1 x 2 x 8 inches, etc. However, the flare dispensers, which are integrated
onto a variety of helicopters, transports and fighter air-craft, come in a several shapes and sizes and feature a range of flare capacities.
Airborne Dispenser and IR
Expendables Sampling
This survey includes two related components. The first section covers IR decoy dis-pensers. The second section lists the types of flares and IR decoys that are available for use with these dispensers.
In the airborne market, the flare manufacturers and the dis-penser manufacturers usually are not the same companies. However, most of the companies that make flare dispens-ers also manufacture flares and vice versa.
Our survey includes nearly 30 dis-penser products from 10 companies, as well as listing four flare magazines from two manufacturers. The flare portion of the survey covers 34 IR decoy and flare products from eight manufacturers. This is merely a sampling from these compa-nies, and we encourage you to visit the company websites listed in the table in order to view the full range of available products.
JED’s next survey, covering SIGINT and DF antennas, will appear in the August issue.
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TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE DISPENSERSMODEL EXP TYPE QUANTITY PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE
BAE Systems; Austin, TX; +1-512-929-4371; www.baesystems.com
ALE-47 (V) Threat Adaptive Countermeasures Dispenser System (TACDS)
MJU-7/-10, M206, RR-170, RR-180, etc. 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553
AN/ALE-47 Countermeasures Dispenser System (CMDS)
MJU-7/-10, M206, RR-170, RR-180, etc. 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553
ALE-47H Threat Adaptive Countermeasures Dispenser System (TACDS) for Helicopter applications
M206, M211, M212, RR-170 and RR-180 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553
AN/ALE-58 (BOL) MJU-52 160-640 Yes MIL-STD-1553
BAE Systems Rokar; Jerusalem, Israel; +972-2-5329888; www.rokar.com
Advanced Countermeasures Dispensing System (ACDS)
MJU-7, M206, RR-170, RR-180 30 Yes 1553, RS-232 and PPD
Kanfit Ltd.; Migdal-Haemek, Israel; +972-4-6547461; www.kanfit.com
M-130 Magazine NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. 30 * *
ALE-47 Magazine NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in., 2 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 2.5 x 8 in.
30 * *
ALE-39 Magazine Round: 1.5 in. D x 6 in. 30 * *
MBDA; Le Plessis-Robinson Cedex, France; +33 1 71 54 10 00; www.mbda-systems.com
ELIPS IR, RF 190 (Typ.) Yes RS 422
SPECTRA Dispenser IR, RF, EO 180 (Typ.) Yes MIL-STD-1553
SPIRALE & ECLAIR-M IR, RF, EO 210 (Typ.) Yes Digibus, RS422
SAPHIR-M IR, RF 190 (Typ.) Yes RS 422
SAPHIR-400 IR, RF * Yes MIL-STD-1553
Meggit Defense Systems; Irvine, CA; +1.949-465-7700; www.meggitt.com
SM-50 Magazine IR * Yes *
MES; Rome, Italy; +39-06-41627.200; www.mesroma.it
ECDS-1 RF MEB, IR MEB and others 30, 60 MEB Yes RS-422, RS-485
ECDS-2 RF MEB, IR MEB and others 30, 60 MEB Yes MIL-STD-1553, RS-422, RS-485
ECDS-2(V28) RF MEB, IR MEB and others 30, 60 MEB Yes MIL-STD-1553, RS-422, RS-485, RS-232
Niron M.S. System & Projects Ltd.; Netania, Israel; +972 9 7407626; www.niron-sys.com
Chaff And Flare Dispensing System (CAFDS) RR-170, RR-180, M206, MJU-7 30 Yes MIL-STD-1553, RS-422
Rodale Electronics Inc.; Hauppauge, NY; +1-321-632-1130; www.rodaleelectronics.com
Dispenser Unit 179750-0001 Chaff and Flare 30 * various
Dispenser Unit 3268AS402-002 Chaff and Flare 30 Yes digital and analog
ALE-39 Dispenser Unit Chaff and Flare 30 No digital and analog
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PWR CONSUMED (W) SIZE WEIGHT FEATURES
45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing. Various configs. 60 lb for a typical four-dispenser system. 12-15 lb per additional dispenser.
Full O, I and D level support equipment and software support tools available.
45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing. Various configs. 60 lb for a typical four-dispenser system. 12-15 lb per additional dispenser.
Full US DOD logistics and EW software support via WR-ALC Program Office.
45 W standby, 170-200 W dispensing. 4.85 x 8.95 x 12.93 in. 40 lb for a typical helicopter installation. Full O, I and D level support equipment and software support tools available
30 W standby, 500 W dispensing. 67.9 x 8.9 x 7.4 in. Typ install 40 lb per dispenser. 80 lb typical 2-dispenser aircraft config.
Full O, I and D level support equipment and software support tools available.
Each dispense requires 5 amps. System operates on 28 V.
* * Simultaneous dispensing of four payloads from same magazine. Event recording and debriefing.
* Dispenser: 8.5 x 4.5 x 4 in. Magazine; 8.5 x 4.5 x 8 in.
Dispenser: 10 lb. Magazine: 6 lb. RTM composite technology; offers durability, tighter tolerances and very good repeatability.
* Dispenser: 7 x 6 x 10 in. Magazine: 6.5 x 5.5 x 8 in.
Dispenser: 10 lb. Magazine: 6 lb. RTM composite technology.
* Dispenser: 10.7 x 9 x 7 in. Magazine: 10.75 x 6 x 6 in.
Dispenser: 15 lb. Magazine: 8 lb. RTM composite technology.
* * ~ 12 kg Helicopters and mission aircraft
* * * RAFALE
* * * M2000
* * ~ 12 kg Tigre and NH90
* * * A400M
350 vdc @ 100 W 3 x 8 x 24 in. 30 lb Converts ALE-50 RF deoy system into pre-emptive IR decoy dispensing system using pryophoric material.
15 W standby, 203 W dispensing CCU: 3 x 5.74 x 5.39 in. SDU: 6.87 x 8.3 x 11.41 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 L in. Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.
CCU: 4 lb. SDU: 7.1 lb. SSU: 0.5 lb. Magazine: 3.7 lb.
Reaction time: <100 ms. PBIT and CBIT.
16 W standby, 206 W dispensing EIU: 4.47 x 4.92 x 7.87 in. SDU: 6.87 x 8.3 x 3.74 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 in. Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.
EIU: 5.5 lb. SDU: 7.1 lb. SSU: 0.5 lb. Magazine: 3.7 lb.
Library data loaded by MIL-1553. 16 payload map configuration.
25 W standby, 250 W dispensing EIU: 5.27 x 5.27 x 10.23 in. SDU: 6.77 x 8.48 x 10.23 in. SSU: 3.14 W x 3.74 L in. Magazine: 5.54 x 7.5 x 8.5 in.
EIU: 5.5 lb. SDU: 8.8 lb. SSU: 0.5. Magazine: 3.7 lb.
Misfire detection and recovery.
40W DCU: 10 x 6 x 4 in. Disp.: 8.5 x 5 x 4.5 in. Magazine: 8.5 x 8 x 4.5 in.
40 lb. (typical installation with 2 dispensers/magazines). Each additional dispenser/magazine 10 lb.
Dispensing mode selection: Automatic, Semi-Automatic, Manual, Escape & Jettison. NVG compatibility.
* 10.1 x 7.2 in. 6.5 lb Interfaces with ALE-47. Utilizes inventory monitoring.
5 V 10.1 x 6.3 in. 6.5 lb Interfaces with ALE-47. Utilizes inventory monitoring.
5-9 V * 8 lb Dispenser unit for ALE-39.
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Tech Survey: Expendables
TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE DISPENSERSMODEL EXP TYPE QUANTITY PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE
Saab Defense Electronic Systems; Sweden; +46-8-580-853-06; www.saabgroup.com
BOZ-EC 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in. 95-195 Yes PPD-bus, RS422, 28 VDC discretes, MIL-STD-1553, Arinc 429
BOA CIV-IR IR decoy 12 Yes 28 VDC discretes and RS485
BOL BOL chaff (RR-184) or BOL IR (MJU-52/B) 160 Yes 28 VDC discretes, RS485, MIL-STD-1553
BOP-L 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in. 23 to 39 Yes RS485, CAN
BOH BOL chaff or BOL IR. Flares: Pyro 1 x 1 x 8 in., 2 x 1 x 8 in.
160 BOL decoys and 15-30 pyro decoys
Yes 28 VDC discretes, RS485, MIL-STD-1553
Symetrics Industries, LLC; Melbourne, FL, USA; +1-321-254-1500; www.symetrics.com
AN/ALE-47(V) Countermeasures Dispenser System (CMDS)
Round: 1.5 D x 6 in., square: 1 x 1 x 8 in. 15-30 Yes MIL-STD-1553, RS-422, RS-485
TERMA A/S; Lystrup, Denmark; +45-8743-6000; www.terma.com
Advanced Countermeasures Dispenser System (ACMDS)
MTV, spectral, SMD, aerodynamic, etc. 15-30 Yes MIL-STD-1553, RS-232, RS-485
Thales Land and Joint Systems; Suffolk, UK; +44 (0)1284 750599; www.thalesgroup.com
Vicon 78 Series 455 (helicopter config) NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB
32, 64 MEB Yes EIA-422A
Vicon 78 Series 455 (fixed-wing config) NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB
30, 60 MEB Yes EIA-422A and MIL-STD-1553.
Vicon XF NATO rectantangular format, 1 x 1 x 8 in. and 2 x 1 x 8 in., MEB
32, 64 MEB Yes EIA-422A and MIL-STD-1553.
TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARESMODEL EXP TYPE EJECT METHOD COMPATIBILITY
Alloy Surfaces Company; Chester Township, PA, USA; +1-610-497-7979; www.alloysurfaces.com
M211 Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
MJU-49/B Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-39 and ALE-47
MJU-51A/B Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
MJU-52/B BOL IR Special Material (SM) Mechanical SAAB BOL dispenser
MJU-64/B Special Material (SM) Pyro ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
Armtec Defense; Coachella, CA, USA; +1-760 398 0143; www.esterline.com
ARM-001 Conventional MTV flare Pyro ALE-39, ALE-47 or equivalent
ARM-031 Aerodynamic MTV flare Pyro ALE-39, ALE-47 or equivalent
M206 Conventional MTV flare Pyro ALE-47 or equivalent
MJU-53/B Conventional MTV flare Pyro ALE-47 or equivalent
MJU-59/B Spectral flare Pyro ALE-47 or equivalent
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Tech Survey: Expendables
PWR CONSUMED (W) SIZE WEIGHT FEATURES
3-phase 115 VAC Length approx 4,000 mm 250 kg Podded self-protection system. Test block, Zero-Volt Tester, library tool.
<50W standby, <400W dispensing 128 x 308 x 436 mm 7.5 kg (loaded) Non-pyro dispenser; part of the CAMPS protection system.
1-phase 115 VAC, <50W standby, <400W dispensing
Length approx 1,500 mm 11.9 kg Electromechanical dispensing mechanism, mounted in missile launcher, pylon, conformal housing or BOH dispenser.
28 VDC, <15W standby * 2-2.5 kg, depending on config Light weight, quick release magazine.
* Length approx 3,000 mm 85 kg (loaded) Podded self-protection system with integrated MWS, and both pyro dispenser and BOL.
<25W standby, 5+ amps for 50 msec while dispensing
Dispenser for round expendables: 10.2 x 9.8 x 6.7 in. Dispenser for square expendables: 6.6 x 8.5 x 9.7 in.
4.4 lb Dispenser connects to EW and Air Data busses.
3 W standby, 140 W (pulsed) dispensing DSS: 7.9 x 14.6 x 14.6 cm. Dispenser assembly: 16.9 x 21.5 x 24.4 cm. Breech plate: 14.3 x 19.1 x 2.5 cm.
DSS: 1.3 kg. Dispenser assembly: 2.4 kg. Breech plate: 1 kg.
Can be configured as standard dispenser assemblies (“buckets”) or integrated into applied aero-structures, e.g., fuselage mounted, PIDS, MCP, SCDs or SWPs.
CPM: 5 W. Dispenser: 14 W. CPM: 15.2 x 14.5 x 1.75 cm. Safety Disarm Unit: 6.5 x 7.62 x 7.94 cm. Dispenser: 26.3 x 11.9 x 27.3 cm.
CPM: 0.2 kg. Safety Disarm Unit: 0.3 kg. Dispenser: 3.1 kg.
Designed for helicopter applications.
CFDCU: 28 W. Dispenser: 14 W. CFDCU: 14.6 x 7.62 x 23.5 cm. Safety Disarm Unit: 6.5 x 7.62 x 97.4 cm. Dispenser: 21.5 x 17.0 x 24.4 cm.
CFDCU: 2.2 kg. Safety Disarm Unit: 0.3 kg. Dispenser: 3.2 kg.
Designed for fixed-wing and retrofit applications.
** *
For fixed and rotary-wing applications. Programmable SmartStore dispenser. Interchangeable with Vicon 78.
SIZE WEIGHT NATO # FEATURES
1 x 1 x 8 in. 310 g 1370-01-534-98041370-01-460-1687 - w/decal
Covert Special Materials, extremely safe to handle.
36 mm x 5.8 in. 340 g 1370-01-449-0577 Covert Special Materials.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 620 g 1370-01-544-2965 Covert Special Materials.
2 x 3 x 1/4 in. 54 g 1370-01-490-2432 - 16 pack1370-01-519-7838 - 80 pack
Covert Special Materials.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 310 g 1370-01-523-0965 Covert Special Materials.
36 mm x 6 in. 254 g 1370-01-533-0033 Tailored for fast jets.
36 mm x 6 in. 360 g 1370-01-564-8821 Nose-weighted flare for aerodynamic stability.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 185 g 1370-01-048-2138 Suitable for helicopters, transports and modest-signature jets.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 394 g 1370-01-503-1455 High-intensity profile, sealed flare.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 415 g 1370-01-508-9534 Suitable for helicopters, transports and jets.
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TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARESMODEL EXP TYPE EJECT METHOD COMPATIBILITY
Chemring Countermeasures Ltd; Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK; +44 (0)1722 411611; www.chemringcm.com
118 Mk3 Type 1 MTV flare CCM11 Mk1 impulse cartridge All 1 x 1-in. compatible dispensers
218 Mk3 Type 1 MTV flare CCM21 Mk1 impulse cartridge All 2 x 1-in. compatible dispensers
26mm Mk8 Type 1 MTV flare CCM26 Mk1 Type 1 impulse cartridge All 26-mm compatible dispensers
50mm Mk3 Type 2 MTV flare CCM50 Mk2 Type 2 impulse cartridge All 50-mm compatible dispensers
55mm MTV flare Pyro All 55-mm compatible dispensers
Etienne LACROIX; Muret; France; + 33 5 61 67 79 32; www.etienne-lacroix.com
LIR 110 MTV - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 111 Spectral - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 121 Spectral - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-40, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 360 Type 1 MTV - free fall Pyro AN/ALE-39, -47 or equivalent systems
LIR 410 MTV - free fall Pyro MBDA Spirale/Spectra
Israel Military Industries; Ramat Hasharon, Israel; +972-8-89242684; www.imi-israel.com
FG-3 MTV flare M796 or BBU-35 impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240, M-130
FG-6 MTV flare BBU-36/B ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240, M-130
MULTI BLU MTV flare M796 ALE-40, -47, SAMP 60/120/240
Kilgore Flares Company, LLC; Toone, TN, USA; +1-731-658-5231; www.kilgoreflares.com
M206 MTV flare BBU-35/B or M796 impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
MJU-7A/B MTV flare BBU-36/B impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
MJU-53/B MTV flare BBU-36/B impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
M212 Spectral flare BBU-35/B or M796 impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
KC-002 MTV flare BBU-36/B impulse cartridge ALE-40, -47, M-130 and similar dispensers
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition; Unterluess, Germany; +49 5827 80 6827; www.rheinmetall-defence.com
DM69 A2 Area flare pyro ALE-40, -47, MCP10, etc.
BIRDIE 118 Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -47, MCP10, M130, etc.
BIRDIE 218 Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -47, MCP10, M130, etc.
Wallop Defence Systems; Middle Wallop, Hampshire, UK; +44 (0) 1264 781456; www.wallopdefence.com
118 Spectral (DSTL 02) Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -45, -47, Vicon 78, etc.
218 Spectral (dual – HS2S Mk.1 and DSTL 24) Spectral flare pyro ALE-40, -45, -47, Vicon 78, etc.
Spectral (HS6S) Spectral flare pyro ALE-39B, ALE-47, Vicon 78
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SIZE WEIGHT NATO # FEATURES
1 x1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-99-051-9514 Advanced MTV, spectral, aerodynamic and thrusted variants are also available in this format.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 380 g 1370-99-225-5931 Advanced MTV, spectral, aerodynamic and thrusted variants are also available in this format.
26 x 86 mm 76 g 1370-99-985-9089 Direct fit and form replacement for the Former Soviet Union (FSU) L056V type flare. Spectral variant is also available in this format.
50 x 202 mm 620 g 1370-99-341-9148 Direct replacement to existing Russian PPI-50 flares, and will readily fit into those dispensers already installed into FSU Aircraft. Spectral variant is also available in this format.
55 x 200 mm 725 g 1370-99-873-3088 Single and mutli-shot, advanced MTV and spectral variants are also available in this format.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-14-564-1179 Conventional MTV IR decoy for helicopters and transports.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 175 g 1370-14-564-7067 Spectral flare for helicopters and transports.
5 x 1 x 8 in. 370 g 1370-14-565-0595 Spectral flare for fast jets.
36 dia. X 148 mm 250 g 1370-14-554-4264 Conventional MTV IR decoy for fast jets.
40 dia. x 150 mm 300 g 1370-14-564-7072 Conventional MTV IR decoy for fast jets.
25 x 25 x 205 mm * * Equivalent to M-206.
25 x 51 x 205 mm * * Equivalent to MJU-7B.
25 x 25 x 205 mm 230 g * For helicopter protection.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-01-048-2138 Conventional MTV used in the AIRCMM and MIDAS solutions.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 370 g 1370-01-296-8395 Conventional MTV used for transport, helicopters and jets.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 370 g 1370-01-503-1455 Conventional MTV, sequenced ignition, high intensity, marinized.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 180 g 1370-01-460-1687, 1370-01-534-3060 Spectral sequenced flare used in the AIRCMM solution.
1 x 2 x 8 in. 370 g * Conventional MTV .
1 x 2 x 8 in. 360 g 1370-12-336-6251 Masking capability.
1 x 1 x 8 in. 150 g 1370-12-368-0173 High bi-spectral decoy.
2 x 1 x 8 in. 305 g 1370-12-366-5771 High bi-spectral decoy.
25 x 25 x 205 mm 140 g 1370-99-812-6042 Protects Lynx, Puma, CH-47, C-130 AH-64 and others.
25 x 50 x 205 mm each 268 g and 250 g 1370-99-235-6484 and 1370-99-133-6543 Protects F-16, C-130, AV-8B and others.36 mm
36 dia. x 148 mm 280 g 1370-99-968-3342 F/A-18, P-3, MH-60.
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AIRBORNE DISPENSERS
MODEL
Product name or model number
EXP TYPE
Each type of expendable that is compatible with the dispenser• IR = infrared• RF = radio frequency• EO = electro-optical
QUANTITY
Quantity of expendables that can be carried by a dispenser unit
PROGRAMMABLE
INTERFACE
Interface for control• MIL-STD = military standards• PPD = pulse position data• CAN = controller area network
PWR CONSUMED
In standby mode and when expending, in Watts (W)• VAC = volts alternating current
SIZE
Height x width x length, or diameter, in inches or centimeters
WEIGHT
Weight in lb/kg
FEATURES
Additional features• RTM = resin transfer molding• A/C = aircraft• LRU = line replaceable unit• NVG = night vision goggles• GSE = ground support equipment
S u r v e y K e y – A i r b o r n e I R E x p e n d a b l e s a n d D i s p e n s e r s
AUGUST 2011 PRODUCT SURVEY:SIGINT/DF AntennasThis survey will cover antennas used for Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) and Direction Finding (DF).
Please e-mail [email protected] to request a questionnaire.
AIRBORNE IR DECOYS/FLARES
MODEL
Product name or model number
EXP TYPE
Expendable type• MTV = Magnesium/Teflon/Viton
EJECT METHOD
Ejection method – Pyro or some other method• Pyro = pyrotechnic
COMPATIBILITY
Which types of dispensers will accommodate the IR decoy?
SIZE
Height x width x length, or diameter, in inches or millimeters
WEIGHT
Weight in grams
NATO NUMBER
NATO stock number, if applicable
FEATURES
Additional features• CCMs = calibration and control materials• AIRCMM = Advanced Infrared Countermeasure Munition
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED
• opt = option/optional• config = configuration• < = greater than• > = less than• * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was given.
VISIT CROWS.ORG AND CLICK ON EVENTS
Any EW professional that wants a greater understanding of what Electronic Warfare and Information Operations provides for the warfighter in modern conflicts needs to attend the 48th Annual AOC International Symposium & Convention.
MARK YOUR CALENDAR for the 48th Annual AOC International
Symposium & Convention
November 13-16, 2011 • Marriott Wardman Park Hotel • Washington, DC
This is a CAN’T-MISS EVENT for Electronic Warfare and Information Operations professionals
EW leaders from government, military, industry and academia will converge in our nation’s capital for four days of discussions on how to
achieve dominance in all warfighting domains.
Learn about the STRATEGIC GOALS FOR EW in military operations… Professional Development Courses • Panel Discussions
Cutting-Edge Presentations • Classified Sessions
…and visit the Exhibit Hall to CHECK OUT THE LATEST products and technology. Networking Events • Technology Showcase
Ground-Breaking Research
This year’s theme is “Victory Through the Electro-Magnetic Spectrum”
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All of the simplest techniques share the advantages of sim-plicity of implementation and robustness. It is very hard to “jam” this kind of connectivity. It also requires that an enemy be relatively close to intercept transmitted information. That said, security requires diligent measures to prevent an enemy from successfully employing techniques like hidden micro-phones or cameras, or even monitoring reflections from lasers bounced off windows.
However, all of these simple connectivity techniques have the immense disadvantage of short range. Increasing the range requires sending a messenger or relaying the information. Both techniques cause significant increase in complexity, reduce security against interception and reduce the reliability and confidence in the accuracy of the information passed. Thus, it becomes advantageous, even necessary, to employ technical transmission paths and techniques to extend the range – per-haps by a few kilometers or perhaps to some significantly dif-ferent part of the Earth.
Connectivity Requirements
Regardless of which connectivity technique is employed, from the simplest to the most complex, the requirements
E W 1 0 1
Spectrum Warfare – Part 2
Connectivity
Last month, we discussed the impact of location on the application of (or defense against) kinetic weapons. This concept requires that distributed assets be networked – which requires connectivity. Because of our dependence on connectivity in our daily lives and business, an enemy can also cause us
real damage by attacking the connectivity itself. Consider the economic impact of having our banking system, our rail infra-structure or our air transportation capability shut down. All of these, along with many more aspects of our modern economic and military capabilities, are so dependant on connectivity that a radio frequency or cyber attack could cause significant physical damage, loss of military capability or devastating dis-ruption of economic activity. Before discussing attacks on con-nectivity in more detail, it will be useful to discuss the nature of connectivity from a technical point of view.
Connectivity can be thought of as any technique for the movement of information from one location or “player” to another. The medium can be wire, radio propagation, opti-cal propagation or audio propagation. We must also consider the most basic connectivity; Between two people, two devices (e.g., computers) or between devices and people.
The most basic connectivity
In its simplest form, connectivity can be one person talking (or yelling over a distance) to another person, or optically transmitting information. Examples of person-to-person optical transmission are writing on a surface for others to read, holding up a sign, code with a steady or flashing light and use of sig-naling flags (or perhaps smoke). All are, in fact used to some extent in almost all of the most sophisticated military and civilian systems. Even when more tech-nical transmission techniques are used, the input of information from humans is by voice or physical input of data from a keyboard or other touch device. Getting the information to another hu-man being can only be done through the senses of hearing, vision or touch.
By Dave Adamy
Optical Information
BW ~ 375 GHz
24 pictures/sec
Audible Information
BW ~ 15 kHz
~ 240 words/min
Figure 1: Human connectivity is limited by physical bandwidth and data format factors.
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E W 1 0 1
Figure 2: Short range machine connectivity can be direct or through a cabled, RF or optical LAN.
Cabled, RF
or Optical
Links
COMPUTER
Serial or Parallel
Interface
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
LOCAL
AREA
NETWORK
ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT
ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT
shown in Table 1 must be met. First consider the simplest con-nectivity techniques and the characteristics of the informa-tion passed:
To or From People
Figure 1 shows connectivity with a person.Voice communication: If you have perfect hearing, your
ears can handle about 15 kHz, but most information is car-ried by speech in approximately 4 kHz. Actually, a telephone circuit allows only 300 to 3400 Hz to carry the voice signal. In order for us to process received data it must be organized into syllables or words. We can hear and process about 240 words per minute.
Optical communication: Your eyes have much wider bandwidth. If you can see the full rainbow, you can calculate the bandwidth of your eyes from the red to violet spectrum at about 375,000 GHz. However, we see and process whole scenes through our eyes. We can see a new scene 24 times per second. Note that we see changes in color detail about half that fast, and can see light and dark details (luminance) in our pe-ripheral vision faster. A very practical value to consider is the effective band-width at which we get visual data might be an analog color television signal – a little less than 4 MHz wide.
Tactile communication: You can probably detect vibration at close to the frequencies you can hear. For example, you can easily detect the vibration of
your cell phone at about 1000 Hz. However, tactile communica-tion is generally limited to alarms that point to more detailed audio or video information.
Between Machines
Machine-to-machine or computer-to-computer connectivity is shown in Figure 2. Because computers and other controlled machines are not limited to human connectivity rates, this communication can have much wider bandwidth. Machines can be direct-wired to each other, using either parallel or se-rial interconnectivity, or can be interconnected using a local area network (LAN). The LAN can interconnect machines by
Table 1: Connectivity Requirements
REQUIREMENT LEVEL
Bandwidth Adequate to carry highest frequency component of information at required throughput rate.
Latency Short enough to allow an activity loop to operate with required performance.
Throughput rate Adequate to pass information at required speed.
Information fi delity Adequate to allow recovery of required information from a received transmission.
Message security Adequate to protect the information for the duration of its usefulness to an enemy.
Transmission security Adequate to prevent a enemy from detecting a transmission in time to prevent required trans-mission or to locate a transmitter in time to make an effective attack on it or to determine electronic order of battle in time to effect a military operation.
Interference rejection Adequate to provide required information fi delity in the operating environment.
Jamming resistance Adequate to prevent an enemy with the anticipated jamming capability and geometry from pre-venting the achievement of adequate information fi delity.
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digital cable, by RF link, or by optical link. The rates can be from a few Hertz to Gigahertz.
Long Range Information Transmission
Now consider the longer-range con-nectivity techniques that move infor-mation from one human location to another (or from one computer location to another). We will consider each of the requirements in Table 1.
As shown in Figure 3, the band-width at the point at which the infor-mation is input must be adequate to accept that data. However, the band-width over which it is transmitted may be different. If the data flow must be continuous, the transmission path must have the full input data band-width. However, if the input data is not continuous or has a varying data flow rate, it can be transmitted at a lower rate. Practical systems that perform this way digitize the data and clock it into a register at the sending end of the link. Then, the data is clocked out of the register at a lower rate, which allows a narrower transmission band-width. At the receiving end, the data can (if required) be input to another register and clocked out at its original data rate. There are two other factors that impact the required transmission bandwidth. One is latency and the sec-ond is throughput rate.
Latency is the delay in the received data compared to the transmitted data. A good demonstration of latency is a news broadcast involving a local host talking to a reporter who is half a world away. The host asks a question and the reporter is shown standing there look-ing like an idiot for a few seconds be-fore answering. The host’s question travels about 85,000 km to and from a satellite at the speed of light, which takes about 2.5 seconds. The reporter’s response takes another 2.5 seconds to reach the host’s location. The process la-tency causes the observed 5 seconds of blankness on the reporter’s face. There is additional latency between the host’s location and your television set, but you do not notice it because the constant delay allows you to see a continuous flow of data.
Latency becomes critical when the connectivity is inside a process loop. Let’s say you are far away trying to manually land an unmanned aerial ve-hicle. With any significant latency, it would take extraordinary skill to avoid crashing the aircraft by over control-ling. The less latency you can tolerate, the less transmission bandwidth reduc-tion you can use. The propagation time vs. distance is, of course, also a latency factor.
Throughput rate is the average rate at which information flows. In general,
individual pieces of very wideband data can be transmitted over limited band-width by spreading them in time. How-ever, if the average rate of information flow is higher than the transmission bandwidth, the latency increases until the process crashes. A simple example of this phenomenon is an individual speak-ing in a foreign language with limited fluency. The foreign listener typically does not know some of the words used. That person can follow a conversation at some rate, but must mentally review what has been said to pull unknown words out of context. This review pro-cess is part of the information path, and thus narrows the effective transmission bandwidth. If the native speaker con-tinues at too high a rate, the listener’s review process delay increases the la-tency until the foreign listener cannot follow the conversation.
In computer-to-computer commu-nication, an analogous process is the storage of wideband data until there is a pause or a period of lower bandwidth data that allows the receiving computer to put the whole data stream back into the proper format to be processed out. The amount of latency allowable de-pends on the available memory in the receiving computer. When this memory overflows because of excess throughput rate, the process crashes.
Typically, a networked system will get in trouble because of the required throughput rate rather than the peak data rate. We will be discussing this fac-tor in the context of specific EW tasks later in this series.
What’s Next
Next month, we will continue our discussion of basic connectivity require-ments. For your comments and sugges-tions, Dave Adamy can be reached at [email protected]. a
SOURCE
DATASHIFT
REGISTERTRANSMITTED DATA
SHIFT
REGISTER
DELAYED
OUTPUT
DATA
Figure 3: High bandwidth, non-continuous source data can be transmitted at a lower rate and returned to its original format at the receiver, but with latency.
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Lt Gen Robert J. Elder, Jr., USAF,
(Ret.)
Robert Elder joined the research faculty at George Mason University’s Volgenau School of Engineering fol-lowing his retirement from the Air Force in 2009. As the Commander of 8th Air Force and US Strategic Com-mand’s Global Strike Component, he was responsible for nine wings and
one direct reporting unit with 270 aircraft and 41,000 active duty, civilian, and reserve personnel. General Elder was the first commander of Air Force Network Operations and led the development of the cyberspace mission for the Air Force. He possesses combat experience as an air operations center com-mander with 83 combat flying hours and has held senior staff positions in Washington, Europe, and the Middle East. Gen-eral Elder served as the Commandant of the Air War College, and holds a doctorate in engineering from the University of Detroit.
General Elder was appointed an AOC Director in 2009, and was elected as an At Large Director in 2010. He was the prin-ciple author of the AOC White Paper, “21st Century Electronic Warfare,” and now chairs the AOC’s Senior Advisory Board. He has been an AOC member since 1982.
Lt Col Jesse Bourque, Jr., USAF (Ret.)
Jesse Bourque served 20 years in the United States Air Force, retiring as Lieutenant Colonel in June 2010. As a career Electronic Warfare Officer, he flew the AC-130H Spectre Gunship and MC-130H Combat Talon II for nearly 3,000 total hours over 15 years of con-tinuous combat-ready aviation service, in near constant contact with mem-
bers of the military services of numerous US Allied and part-ner nations. His combat/operational deployments and combat
Election Guide
2011
Candidates for President-ElectVote for One (1)
support operations include operations UPHOLD DEMOCRACY, DENY FLIGHT, ALLIED FORCE, NOBLE ANVIL, PROVIDE HOPE, JOINT ENDEAVOR, ENDURING FREEDOM and other unnamed op-erations. During that time, Mr. Bourque served as the Special Operations expert for four deployed combat staffs, supporting operations in Bosnia, Somalia, Serbia, and Haiti.
After his aviation service, he was posted to the Air Force IO Center, from which he was promptly deployed to OIF to serve as the Director of the MNC-I EW Cell. During this deployment, he deconstructed and rebuilt existing processes, increased asset availability/efficiency, added operators to the Cell, resulting in increased support to SOF, shifted focus from reactive to pro-active use of EW assets, and reduced numbers of Coalition Force killed and wounded. As a result of his efforts, Mr. Bourque was requested by name to help build US Strategic Command’s newly reinstated Joint Electronic Warfare Center, as its Operations Officer. During this posting, his expertise in EW, planning, or-ganizational dynamics, operational analysis, communication, presentation and networking were directly responsible for el-evating the flagging condition of Joint EW to the attention of officers and civilians at the highest levels of the Department of Defense.
Since 2008, Mr. Bourque has served on the AOC’s Board of Directors, actively engaging in discussions shaping the status and future directions of the Association. In recognition of his contributions, he was appointed and now serves as the Asso-ciation’s Secretary on the Executive Committee, indicating the exceptional faith and trust placed in him by the most senior members of the Association’s leadership. His 57 career military awards include the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Merito-rious Service Medal (2), Air Medal (4), Air Force Aerial Achieve-ment Medal (5), Joint Service Commendation Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal (2), Joint Service Achievement Medal, Air Force Achievement Medal (2), Combat Readiness Medal (5), Air Force Recognition Ribbon, Iraq Campaign Medal (2), Kosovo Campaign Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (4), Global War on Terrorism Medal (2), Humanitarian Service Medal, and the NATO Medal, et al.
INFOWARCON
Our intensive three-day conference explores regional threats and the emerging technologies used by cyber
professionals—from government, military, industry and academia—to defend against cyber-warfare, electronic attack
and information warfare.
The AOC is co-sponsored by EUCOM and the NATO IO School to present the InfowarCon Europe 2011 Conference.
The conference explores:
The use of new media to support uprisings in Egypt,
Maghreb and elsewhere
Exploiting commercial cyber intelligence
Importance of EW in cyber
Military ops on commercial infrastructure
Introducing communications into denied areas
August 29-September 1, 2011
The NATO School | Oberammergau, Germany
Events for International Attendees
For more information, visit crows.org or call +1-703-549-1600.
AOC Educational Courses
The field of EW is an increasingly complex one, and it’s important to
provide students with knowledge to understand what EW provides for the
warfighter in modern conflicts.
The AOC’s re-launched professional development program provides
military, government and industry professionals with the tools to perform
in today’s environment and create developmental strategies superior to
potential adversary capabilities.
Don’t miss this unique conference! Key individuals will
present thought-provoking viewpoints on information
operations issues and the battle for ideas and information.
Interactive sessions and panel discussions give you access
to experts and professionals to answer your questions and
provide solutions.
Course Dates Instructor Location
Fundamental Principles of EW July 11-15 Dave Adamy Alexandria, VA
Introduction to Information Operations (IO) August 2-5 Leigh Armistead Alexandria, VA
Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles August 4-5 John Minor Palmdale, CA
Introduction to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Aerial
Systems (UAS)August 8-12 John Minor Palmdale, CA
Electro-Optics & Infrared (EO/IR) Fundamentals for EW Engineers and Managers August 15-19 John Minor Palmdale, CA
ELINT and Modern SignalsSeptember
20-23Dick Wiley Alexandria, VA
ECM Effectiveness Evaluation CourseSeptember or
October (TBD)Trevor Tucker TBD
Advanced EW October (TBD) Dave Adamy Alexandria, VA
*Accurate at time of printing. Schedule updates are posted on the AOC website.
International_Roundup.indd 1 5/24/11 10:16:07 AM
Mr. Bourque is now employed with the Northrop Grum-man Corporation, Technical Services sector, in the integra-tion and development of EM Spectrum Warfare capabilities and opportunities.
William R. “Buck” Clemons
Buck Clemons was re-elected to his second term as a member of the Board of Directors in 2008. He wishes to con-tinue his service to help the Associa-tion through these times of change as President. As the AOC adapts to a changing EW environment, he has both championed and supported the necessary adaptations to stop the fall
of membership and has worked with the entire team to turn around the Association. He has actively participated in Capitol Hill Awareness Day for the past four years and has led the re-vitalization of the Redstone Roost. He has served on many AOC committees and actively participated in all Board activities. He chaired the 2007 Nominations and Elections Committee, successfully recruiting the essential number of candidates. He was the Chairman of the Membership Committee and worked on over 16 initiatives to improve member and chapter support provided by the National Headquarters. As AOC President, he hopes to advance the development of the certification/educa-tion program and the Information Operations Institute.
Buck currently works as a consultant, providing business development for companies in the Huntsville/Redstone Arsenal community. He has helped companies develop and market mis-sile warning systems, hostile fire indication systems, chaff/flare dispenser systems, and he has completed several require-ments analyses for EW systems. Most recently, he has won work with the Aviation/Missile Research, Development, and Engi-neering Center to draft DODAF documents derived from the US Army Aircraft Survivability Initial Capabilities Document. He is actively involved in local chapter and community events.
Prior to this, Buck was a Tactical Operations (TACOPS) Of-ficer in the US Army and was the Commanders subject matter expert on EW. He attended the US Army EW Officer Course in 1998, and was tracked into TACOPS after he attended the Air Force’s Joint Air Operations Command and Control Course in mid-2000. After that he served tours as a TACOPS Officer in Korea and Fort Stewart, GA, where he retired from the Army.
CAPT Douglas Swoish, USN (Ret.)
Doug has actively served the IO/EW community and the AOC for more than 31 years, in uniform and industry. He was honored with the AOC’s Colo-nel Anton D. Brees Life Achievement Award (LAA) in 2009, for his involve-ment at the international, national, regional and local levels.
While in uniform, Doug served in a variety of naval command, operational, and Washington, DC, leadership positions. He commanded two EA-6B squadrons in
the 1990’s, VAQ-138 which received the CNO Radford EW award, and VAQ-129, with responsibility for USN/USMC EA-6B/EW flight training. Post command, he was assigned to the Joint Staff/J6, where he was responsible for directing DOD’s elec-tromagnetic spectrum (EMS) policy, interfacing with senior leadership of the OMB, NSC, OSD, FCC, NTIA, Capitol Hill and NATO. He directed a department-wide EMS reorganization to help the DOD better understand and respond to proposed US government sales of spectrum. His final military tour was as Commander, Electronic Attack Wing, US Pacific Fleet, respon-sible for 18 deployable EA-6B commands and 4,000 personnel in uniform. During his tours, he served on the local chapter’s board, leading chapter events and speaking at a number of international, regional and local AOC symposiums. He received the Navy League’s 2002 “Admiral Perry Leadership Award,” and the 2002 AOC National “Operations Award” for his efforts.
Since retiring from the Navy, Doug has been employed in industry for nine years. He is currently the EA-18G Program Director/IPT lead responsible for technical AEA performance, schedule and cost at Northrop Grumman. In addition to being an industry IPT leader, he has been part of the AOC’s New York Metropolitan Chapter BOD, leading the scholarship, awards, membership and program committees. In 2009, he was awarded the Metropolitan Chapter’s “Distinguished Service Award.”
Doug was elected to back-to-back tours on the AOC National Board of Directors (BOD), serving from 2002 to 2010. He served as the AOC National Treasurer from 2006 to 2009. Key staff in-volvement included participation on the Symposium, Awards, and Government Affairs Committees. As a member of the Ex-ecutive Committee (EXCOM) he directed annual budgets, while focusing on staff and committee involvement, and growth in the reserve accounts. He had the challenge of addressing the economic recession in those years, and worked to ensure that the AOC was in a growth position as we exited – and it is!
Doug’s platform is to continue the AOC’s growth as an as-sociation of EW professionals in uniform, in government and in industry. We need to address membership and how we grow, particularly as our association’s demographics and chapter membership are challenged in this information age. We must develop a more vibrant “network” with our national/inter-national non-kinetic warfighters, our dedicated government acquisition professionals, and our industry teammates. In ad-dition, we must re-invigorate our “annual Capitol Hill inter-face,” it is a way to educate our country’s political leadership. We need to continue economically to make the right choices in staff personnel, JED and investments, to ensure AOC grows, while remaining clearly focused on EW/EMS, in support of the warfighter.
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Col Robin Vanderberry, USAF
Robin Vanderberry is Director of USSTRATCOM’s Joint Electromagnetic Preparedness for Advanced Combat (JE-PAC) organization, where he commands a joint, multidisciplinary team coordi-nating with Services and supporting organizations; analyzing and assess-ing current and future electromagnetic spectrum capabilities and vulnerabili-
ties to provide findings, conclusions and recommendations to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Staff, combatant commands, Services and other appropriate agencies.
Colonel Vanderberry enlisted in the Air Force in 1979 and was commissioned upon graduation from the Air Force Acade-my in 1985. He has held a variety of flying, staff, command and joint assignments, including linguist, EW officer, instructor, evaluator, weapons officer, USAF Weapons School instructor, operational tester, command staff officer, Joint Test Director and Commander. Recognized as a Combat Air Forces EW and stealth expert, he was selected to serve as operational repre-sentative to the requirements development and source selec-tion teams for the Joint Strike Fighter. He and his team were recognized as OSD’s NDIA Tester and Test Team of the Year for their seminal work on Electronic Protection under the JEPAC Joint Test.
Colonel Vanderberry holds a Bachelor of Science in Engineer-ing from USAFA and a Masters of Aeronautical Science in Aero-nautics and Operations. A career EWO with more than 2,500 flying hours, he has supported operations DESERT SHIELD, DESERT STORM, DENY FLIGHT, SOUTHERN WATCH, ENDURING FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM as a combat aviator, operational planner and C2 expert.
Colonel Vanderberry is focused on advancing understanding of Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations’ pivotal role in 21st century warfare.
Joseph “HULTEC” Hulsey
Joe Hulsey is a 35-year EW practi-tioner, advocate, educator, tester and program manager. He served 21 years in the US Navy, including tours in VAQ-137 and VAQ-135 EA-6B squadrons, as a flight tester in VX-5 (now VX-9) and tours as Carrier Group EWO and at Na-val Air Systems Command as a Program Manager in the EA-6B program office.
While at NAVAIR, his responsibilities included EA-6B R&D ef-forts, ALQ-99 jammers, EW mission planning and integrating HARM on the EA-6B. HARM integration was accomplished in just 18 months.
Since his retirement from the Navy in 1989, he has been an industry program manager for a multitude of EW programs,
including the ALQ-149, USQ-113, IDECM, Compass Call, TEAMS mission planning system, EA-6B ICAP III and, most notably, the EA-18G program. Funding for the USQ-113 and EA-6B ICAP III was in part the result of his congressional lobbying efforts. Joe has worked with the Navy, Marine Corps, Army and Air Force in defining, developing, supporting and leading the development of EW systems. He now works in Business Development.
Joe currently teaches EW and IW for American Military Uni-versity and EW courses for the AOC.
Col Marc L. “Mags” Magram, USMC
(Ret.)
Marc Magram recently retired after serving more than 25 years in the Unit-ed States Marine Corps. In July 2010, he became the Senior Principal Analyst for Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology.
While in the Marine Corps, he flew A-6E Intruder and EA-6B Prowler air-craft, accruing more than 3,000 flight
hours. During his USMC career, Colonel Magram held several squadron level and department head positions and served as both the Executive and Commanding Officer of VMAQ-4. His opera-tional experience includes deployments in support of operations IRAQI FREEDOM, NORTHERN WATCH, DENY FLIGHT, DECISIVE EN-DEAVOR as well as numerous unit deployments to Iwakuni, Japan.
In 2005, Colonel Magram was tasked with re-standing the Joint Electronic Warfare Center in San Antonio, TX, and he served as its first Director until August 2008 making opera-tional support of EW the hallmark of his service. He completed his military career with a two-year overseas tour to III MEF, Okinawa, Japan, where he forward deployed to Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. He holds a Bachelors of Science Degree from Rutgers University and a Master of Arts Degree from Air University, Maxwell AFB. His personal decorations include the Defense Su-perior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, as well as other awards and ribbons. He was the 2008 recipient of the AOC’s Executive Management Award.
Marc is seeking an AOC Director at Large position to con-tinue serving Joint Electronic Warfare and ensuring the AOC remains the pre-eminent organization among EW/IO profes-sionals as we prepare for the challenging road ahead.
LtCol Ronald D. “Fog” Hahn, USMC
(Ret.)
Mr. Hahn served twenty years in the United States Marine Corps, retir-ing in August 2005. As a Naval Flight Officer, he flew EA-6B’s and accrued more than 2,000 flight hours in the Prowler. Mr. Hahn’s deployments in support of combat operations include operations NORTHERN WATCH, DENY
Candidates for At-Large DirectorVote for Three (3)
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FLIGHT, SOUTHERN WATCH, ALLIED FORCE, JOINT ENDEAVOR, ENDURING FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM. Mr. Hahn served as the Command EW Officer for USCENTCOM during Operation EN-DURING FREEDOM and Special Operations Team Chief for USSO-COM, deploying in support of operations ENDURING FREEDOM and IRAQI FREEDOM.
Following his retirement from military service, Mr. Hahn was hired as a Department of the Air Force Civil Servant (GG-14) and served as the JIOWC Special Operations Deputy Team Chief. In the summer of 2006, he assumed the duties of Deputy Director of the Joint Electronic Warfare Center (JEWC) and, in April 2008, was promoted to GG-15.
Mr. Hahn holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Econom-ics from the University of Delaware and a Masters of Arts Degree in Military Science from American University. His per-sonal military awards include the Bronze Star, Defense Meri-torious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal Heroic with combat V and gold star, Strike Flight Air Medal with numeral “5,” Air Force Aerial Achievement Medal, Joint Service Commendation Medal, Navy-Marine Commendation Medal with gold star and the Navy-Marine Corps Achievement Medal. As a civil servant, Mr. Hahn has been awarded the Air Force Exemplary Civilian Service Award and Global War on Terrorism Medal.
Lisa K. Frugé
Lisa Frugé’s career in EW began in 1997 as a Palace Acquire Intern for In-ternational Logistics at Robins AFB, GA, joining the AOC in 1998. From 1997 to 2006, Lisa worked intra-agency policy associated with the release of EW criti-cal technologies on numerous EW and sensor programs including ALR-69, ALQ-131, ALQ-184, ALR-62 and the ALQ-213.
Lisa joined TERMA in 2006 as their Senior Program Manag-er, assisting with standing up the company’s North American office. At TERMA, Lisa was responsible for domestic US Air Force and Foreign Military Sales EW production and integra-tion programs. In 2009, Lisa joined BAE Systems as its Field Marketing USAF Systems and Requirements Manager in War-ner Robins, GA.
As President of the Dixie Crow Chapter in 2010, Lisa led the Chapter to receive double honors: the AOC’s 2010 Large Chapter of the Year and the 2010 Chapter with the largest increase of membership. In her fourth year, Lisa continues to lead the Di-xie Crow Chapter’s steadily increasing Annual Education Foun-dation Budget (now $43K), supporting Houston County High School Seniors and local colleges and universities, as well as our military and civilian workforce. In addition, Lisa has been a driving force for the Annual Southern Regional EW Techni-cal Symposium for the past seven years, serving as either the Technical Committee Chair or Chapter President.
If elected to the AOC Board, Lisa has two goals that she be-lieves will make our organization more creditable and relevant: 1. Advancing educational opportunities through mentorship
and scholarships to improve our profession.
2. Improving access to technology for our international part-ners while maintaining proper security controls.
Mark Schallheim
Mr. Schallheim has been an EW En-gineer and Manager at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Point Mugu, for over 35 years. He is currently the NAVAIR EMS Dominance Chief Engineer. He has spent most of his government career leading a government and in-dustry engineering team supporting EA-6B, EA-18G, NGJ AEA systems, and
other EA programs. In addition to new acquisition support and organic software and system support to deployed Navy and USMC forces, he has supported Air Force and Army EA. He provided EW Engineer SMEs to Army Headquarters during the standup of the EW Division, and personally provided EW Analyst support to Colonel Laurie Moe Buckhout. He has also been involved in joint and international EW research and de-velopment since the 1970s.
Mark’s past EW accomplishments and leadership roles in-clude: AEA AoA; Counter IED; Intrepid Tiger; EA-18G AEA SDD; and EA-6B acquisition and Block upgrades, including integra-tion of receivers, jammers, Link 16, HARM, EW battle manage-ment, threat database and mission planning systems. Mark’s education includes BSEE and MSEE from University of Califor-nia, as well as an MBA.
Joining AOC in 1983, Mark has a passion for the advance-ment of EW technology and operations. He has served for four years as the Mugu Crows Chapter President, and he has spon-sored annual scholarships, community outreach, multiple EW educational luncheons and expanded the scope of the Point Mugu Annual EW Symposium.
As Director, he will focus on promoting EW awareness, AOC growth and education, and collaboration between EW and In-tel, cyber, JEMSO and others.
CAPT Kenneth “Kilo” Parks, USN
(Ret.)
Kenneth “Kilo” Parks has been ac-tively engaged in the EW and IO com-munities for over 33 years. He is a recognized leader both in and out of uniform.
After graduating from the Univer-sity of Mississippi, he was commis-sioned an Ensign in the US Navy and
reported for flight school training earning his ‘Wings of Gold’ in 1977. He is a retired Naval Officer with more than 26 years of military operational experience. He has served in the EW/IO arena at the highest levels of leadership.
Ken has led three EW/IO military commands: Commanding the Fleet Information Warfare Center, Electronic Attack Squad-ron 129 (VAQ 129) and Electronic Attack Squadron 139 (VAQ 139). Additionally, he has worked numerous EW/IO issues at the OPNAV, SYSCOM and TYCOM levels.
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Ken is a recognized leader in EW and integrated air defense systems (IADS). As an instructor at Naval Strike Warfare Center (NSWC), he was the Red Force Commander for Carrier Air Wing training. He also occupied a Red Force position at the Nellis AFB complex during the same period.
His awards include the David R. Dillon Inspirational Leader-ship Award, EA-6B Instructor of the Year for the Fleet Replace-ment Squadron (VAQ 129), Tailhooker of the Year and Top Hook (Top Recruiter) for the Tailhook Association.
Ken has worked at various levels within local Roosts from Roost member (Prowler Roost), to Chairman of committees to Tidewater Chapter President. His accomplishments have in-cluded increasing membership in the Tidewater Chapter and re-engaging various EW/IO commands locally and on the national scene. At the National level he has served as an AOC At-Large Director and Treasurer.
Ken is currently a Business Development Manager in indus-try, specializing in EW and C4I issues and programs. He has worked or led numerous programs, including Counter Impro-vised Explosive Device (CIED), FORCEnet Requirements and As-sessments and Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for numerous EW and IO systems. If elected, he will work to increase and broaden membership in the AOC, much like he has achieved at the chapter level.
Vincent J. Battaglia
Vince has previously served on the Board of Directors as the Southern Pa-cific Regional Director. He also serves as President of the Greater Los Angeles AOC Chapter, a position he has held since 1998. As a member of the AOC since 1972, he has actively participat-ed in many conventions, conferences, symposiums and focus studies in sup-
port of the AOC. He is a recipient of the AOC’s Management medal, the Technology Award and the Lifetime Achievement Award. Vince is currently employed at Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems and is a member of the Electronics Center Technical Staff. He has held prior technical and business man-agement positions with Northrop, Litton, Varian, AIL and ITT. Vince received a Bachelor of Science Degree at City University of NY, a Master’s Degree in Physics from Adelphi University and an Executive Master’s Degree in Business Management from Northwestern University.
As an AOC Director, Vince will provide his experience, ener-gies and commitment to growing the AOC’s role and visibility at the forefront of the military defense community. His broad community recognition and personal relationships will benefit the AOC in getting its message presented and accepted. His proactive management style will assist in bringing together the AOC’s overall organizational strength to the individual chapters and to the National Headquarters.
Vince is a strong supporter of the importance of recognizing the organizations members and the individual chapters.
Col Stan L. VanderWerf, USAF (Ret.)
Col Stan VanderWerf, USAF (Ret.), completed his military career earlier this year with extensive EW, com-batant command, program office, intelligence, joint and international assignments. As the Chief, EW/Avi-onics Division, at Robins AFB, GA, he ran a 380-person organization with 450-plus products in use DOD-wide.
He was responsible for development, procurement and sus-tainment of 26,000 stock-listed items with over 1 million fielded systems; ran one of its EW reprogramming centers; and led a large EW Foreign Military Sales office serving more than 30 countries.
As co-chair of the Air Force’s EW Technical Advisory Group (TAG), he contributed to Air Force-wide enterprise-level EW strategy, doctrine, organization, training, material, leadership and facilities improvements. In addition, he developed a vision for future EW and contributed to the development of the Air Force’s new EW Vision 2030.
Stan served as an integrated Surface to Air Missile systems analyst at the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. He has served joint tours at SOCOM, CENTCOM, and NORTHCOM, and as a former Defense Contract Management Agency Commander. He is a Distinguished Graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and holds Industrial Engineering, International Relations, and National Resource Strategy Degrees. Stan has been published on numerous EW topics and has conducted re-search into IO doctrine.
Colonel VanderWerf is interested in using his experience to help the AOC and its members improve EW and IO capabilities and make the AOC more relevant to the government, industry and our coalition partners.
Douglas “Chopper” Lamb
Douglas “Chopper” Lamb is a 28-year Air Force veteran with nearly 3,000 fighter hours who has been ac-tively involved in developing EW re-quirements based on war experiences and testing fighter EW capabilities. Chopper’s EW experience includes com-bat in Viet Nam, working closely with engineers and flight testing. In the
422nd Fighter Weapons Squadron he was the F-15 Tactical Elec-tronic Warfare System (TEWS) flight test manager.
In HQ USAF, Chopper was actively involved in POM develop-ment and achieving funding for new EW capabilities. He man-aged test range programs and facilities used to develop, test and conduct EW training. In DIA as the Technology Assess-ments Group Chief, he was responsible for developing Integrat-ed Air Defense System (IADS) studies and validated Services’ threat documents required to acquire and test EW systems. Chopper managed the DOD’s Foreign Materiel Acquisition/Ex-ploitation activities leading to improvements in our EW sys-tems against major threats.
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Currently, at SAIC he is involved in EW systems develop-ment. Chopper is an active member in the Capitol Chapter, holding numerous positions including President and Chair-man of the Capitol Chapter/Naval Research Laboratory An-nual Technical EW Symposium. While President, the Capitol Chapter won the AOC’s Outstanding Large Chapter Award for 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Chopper seeks a National Board of Director position to continue advocating increased EW/IO capabilities for warfighters and to identify and implement activities to stimulate AOC membership growth and par-ticipation at all levels. He also plans to focus on increasing multi-national participation in all AOC activities to foster as-sociation growth.
Stephen Hayden
Mr. Hayden is the Director, Plans and Programs, National Air and Space Intelligence Center, WPAFB, OH. He is responsible for the Center’s strategic planning, programming, readiness and operational requirements. His career spans 35 years within the state and federal government.
Within the Foreign Technology Division, Mr. Hayden garnered national interest in utilizing foreign electro-optical assets as data sources. He rotated to Washington, DC, and represented the intelligence community on space policy discussions/decisions and traveled to Vienna, Austria, to negotiate the sensor portion of the Open Skies Treaty and crafted final treaty language.
Mr. Hayden stood-up the National Policy Integration Divi-sion within the new National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) and developed working relationships with executive levels at national agencies and developed new NAIC production prod-ucts/processes for executive level consumption. In 2003, he was selected to become the senior intelligence analyst for the Electronic Systems Division, bringing national attention of the electronics data work not only to the operational community but also to the seniors within DOD. As Director of the C4/Net Warfare Squadron at NASIC, Mr. Hayden was responsible for guiding an 85 member staff in providing C4 network defense intelligence and involved in implementing and directing the Comprehensive National Cyber Initiative within NASIC. As Se-nior Intelligence Officer for the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Technical Collection and Analysis office in Wash-ington, DC, Mr. Hayden created new policy and processes for intelligence support to acquisition programs.
Candidate for Southern Region Director
Col Wesley J. Heidenreich, USAF
(Ret.)
Mr. Heidenreich first joined the As-sociation of Old Crows (AOC) in 1973, near the beginning of his 39-plus-year career in EW. He currently serves on the AOC National BOD as the Southern Regional Director, and as Chairman of the Board’s Constitution and Bylaws Committee.
Wes’ 30-year military career mostly involved work in the de-fense suppression arena, followed by continuing employment as a defense contractor. During this time, he’s been actively in-volved in three AOC chapters, culminating with the Dixie Crow Chapter where he currently serves as Immediate Past President. Wes has served four years as Chapter president, four years as Chapter Secretary, one year as Chapter Treasurer, and three years as Chapter Advisor. Additionally, Wes is active in help-ing to organize and conduct the annual Dixie Crow Regional Technical Symposium, which generates approximately $43,000 per year in scholarships and grants for deserving military, civil service, and dependent personnel pursuing educational de-grees. For his work in supporting the AOC, Wes was recognized in 2010 with a National Lifetime Achievement Award.
“As the current Southern Regional Director, I’d appreciate the opportunity to continue serving our members. The knowl-edge and expertise I’ve been fortunate enough to gain over the past several years will serve me well in working to expand the AOC’s already excellent support for individual members, while simultaneously encouraging continuation of the record growth in corporate sponsorships that the Association has enjoyed over the past few years.”
Candidate for Mountain-West Region Director
Lt Col Wayne L. Shaw, USAF (Ret.)
Wayne is a retired US Air Force of-ficer working for Booz Allen Hamil-ton. His military decorations include bronze stars, air medals, the Navy “Battle E” and the Navy Commenda-tion medal. He has served as an EWO in the B-52, B-1B, EF-111, and the EA-6B. Wayne was Department Head of a Navy squadron and then an instructor
at the EA-6B Weapons School. On the Air Staff, he was the pro-grammer for USAF EW programs (e.g., MALD-J). As CENTCOM’s EW Shop Chief in the Middle East for a year, he supervised
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Candidate for Northeast Region Director
Charles Benway
Mr. Benway is a Past President of the Patriot’s Roost Chapter and cur-rent Member of the Board of Directors. He is an active member of the Annual Net-centric Operations Conference Committee that brings together senior officials across services, government agencies and industry to discuss and move initiatives forward; and gener-ates the majority of funds for Chapter
scholarships. Charlie has more than 23 years experience managing defense
programs in the areas of Cyber/Net-centric; Command, Control, Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance; Air-Delivered Weapons; Enterprise Information; and Networking and Com-puting. As the Oasis Systems Inc Chief Operating Officer, he led company strategic development and provided executive man-agement of business development, program management, and all business operations. After joining Oasis in October 2001, he planned and implemented Oasis’ successful expansion growing the enterprise from 30 people and $2.5 million in annual rev-enues to over 400 people and $60 million in annual revenues in 2010 with a contract portfolio valued at $360M.
Prior to becoming Oasis COO he was Senior Vice President, Systems Engineering Group (SEG) for ACS Defense, Inc., where he successfully developed and managed an IT, engineering, acquisition, technical and management services organization with a global technical workforce of over 650 professionals.
2011 On-Line Voting Instructions
Beginning July 1, you can visit the AOC homepage, www.crows.org, where you will see election information and a link to electionsonline.us, the independent vendor that will conduct the on-line election. Once into the electionsonline.us website, type in your AOC member number and password. The website will direct you to your ballot, where you can make your selections. If you have not registered on the AOC website, you need to use your membership number and “crows” as the password. Your membership number can be found on the mail-ing label of your copy of JED, your membership card or you may call AOC headquarters for assistance.
Your dues must be current as of May 15 to vote. If your membership has lapsed, you may call the AOC to have your access to the election activated once your dues are paid. As with past AOC elections, your ballot is secret. No one at the AOC (members, directors or headquarters staff) will be able to access completed ballots during or after the elections. Electionsonline.us will hold all completed ballots, tabulate them and send the results to the AOC when the election is com-plete. Once you have cast your on-line vote, electionsonline.us will send you an e-mail confirming that they have received your completed ballot. Providing your e-mail address is not es-sential for voting, but it is necessary in order to receive e-mail confirmation that your vote was processed.
PAPER BALLOTS
For those AOC members who do not want to vote on-line, the AOC will provide paper ballots and election guides upon request. Members who prefer to vote via paper ballot may re-quest to do so by submitting a Ballot Request Form no later than June 25, 2011. The AOC will then send out paper bal-lots to those members July 1. As the election authenticator, electionsonline.us will open your ballot and enter your votes into the computer. To avoid any chance of a member being able to vote more than one time, you may not vote on-line after you have requested and have been sent a paper ballot. a
members from all US military services, as well as coalition personnel, and worked operational EW and RF spectrum issues from all domains for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
At the Joint EW Center, he worked on the “EW Functional Solutions Analysis,” before retiring from the Air Force in 2009. Now, working in the JIOWC for JFCOM on the Joint IO Range, he is charged with injecting more EW into IOR events.
Wayne has grassroots AOC experience as a small chapter president in the late 1980s, when his chapter won “Chapter of the Year.” He was also Red River Chapter President in the early 1990s. He received awards for contributions to EW and was the USAF recipient of the AOC Joint EW award in 2009, and voted by his fellow chapter Board members as the 2009 and 2010 Billy Mitchell Chapter “Director of the Year.”
Charlie has taken his corporate knowledge and experience to the AOC where he has reinforced the chapter’s positive pres-ence and impact within the New England government, corpo-rate, and academic communities and now wishes to support the Northeast Region’s continued success.
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Join the AOCJoin the AOC AOC MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
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Check here if you would like to be a part of the Information Operations Institute (IOI): Th e IO Institute is a department of the Association of Old Crows chartered by the AOC Board of Directors to give members of theIO community an opportunity to exchange ideas and keep informed about current and discrete developmentsin the fi eld of Information Operations.
AOCMembership_HALFPG_EditorialAd.indd 1 1/4/11 1:42:42 PM
A O C M e m b e r P a g e
Join the AOC on Facebook, LinkedIn and TwitterThe AOC is on your favorite social networking sites. Visit us at the links below
and join the EW community in our online discussions:
Facebook: search The Association of Old Crows (http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Association-of-Old-Crows/108812005833804)
LinkedIn: search Association of Old Crows in groups (http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=47520)
Twitter: @aoccrows
Join the Rebirth of the Tidewater CrowsThe Tidewater Roost of the Associa-
tion of Old Crows is rebuilding into a new, more focused AOC chapter. The AOC Tidewater Roost Steering Committee met this spring to discuss a way ahead for the organization. They are current-
ly developing a strategic plan to make sure the roost meets the needs of the Hampton Roads members. If you want to join the roost, participate in the effort
to shape the future Tidewater Roost, or serve on the Board of Directors, contact Glorianne O’Neilin at National AOC HQ [email protected].
Visit the AOC Career Center
Post your résumé on AOC Career Cen-ter, located at http://jobs.crows.org! Even if you are not currently looking for a new job, it makes sense to post your résumé – you never know what opportu-nities might be available. And your par-ticipation attracts more and better job listings, improves the career prospects of your fellow members and strengthens your professional community at large. The AOC Career Center offers FREE and confidential résumé posting, job search control, easy job application, the ability to save jobs and much more.
Find Your Logo Merchandise in the AOC StoreFrom books to ties, coins to coffee
mugs, the AOC’s online store has all the logoed merchandise you need, along with educational resources like the Es-
sentials of Electronic Warfare hand-book. Online ordering is easy, so visit www.crows.org today and click on the banner for the AOC Store.
SUSTAININGAgilent TechnologiesApplied Research Associates
Inc.Argon STBAE SYSTEMSThe Boeing CompanyChemring Group Plc DRS Defense SolutionsElectronic Warfare
Associates, Inc.Elettronica, SpAGeneral DynamicsITTNorthrop Grumman
CorporationRaytheon CompanyRockwell CollinsSaabTASCThales CommunicationsThales Aerospace Division
INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITYGeorgia Tech Research InstituteMercer Engineering
Research CenterNational EW Research and
Simulation Center
GROUP453 EWS/EDW Research AAI CorporationAdvanced ConceptsAdvanced Testing Technologies
IncAeronixAethercomm, Inc.Air Scan Inc. Akon, Inc.Alion Science and TechnologyAlpha Design Technologies
Pvt. Ltd.American SystemsAMPEX Data SystemsAnaren Microwave, Inc.Anatech Electronics Annapolis Micro
Systems, Inc.Anritsu
Applied Geo TechnologiesApplied Signal TechnologyARINC, Inc.Aselsan A.S.ATDIATK Missile Systems CompanyAvalon Electronics, Inc.Azure Summit Technologies,
Inc.Battlespace Simulations, Inc.Bharat Electronics Ltd.Blackhawk Management
CorporationBooz & Allen HamiltonCACI International CAECAP Wireless, Inc.Ceralta Technologies Inc.Clausewitz TechnologyCobham DES M/A-ComComtech PSTCPICrane Aerospace & Electronics
GroupCSIRCSP AssociatesCubic DefenseCurtiss-Wright Controls
Embedded ComputingCyberVillage
Networkers Inc.DARE Electronics Inc.dB ControlDefence R&D CanadaDefense Research
Associates Inc.Delta MicrowaveDHPC Technologies, Inc.Dynetics, Inc.EADS Deutschland GmbH,
Defense ElectronicsElcom Technologies, Inc.Electro-MetricsElisra Electronic
Systems, LtdELTA Systems LtdEM Research Inc.Empower RF SystemsEMS Technologies Inc.Eonic B.V.ESL Defence Limited
Esterline Defense GroupET IndustriesETM Electromatic Inc.e2vEW Simulation
Technology LtdEWA-Australia Pty Ltd.GBL SystemsGigatronics Inc.Honeywell InternationalHuber + SuhnerHutchins & Associates, Inc.Impact Science & TechnologyInnovationszentrum Fur
Telekommunikation-stechnik GmbH (IZT)
Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC
ITCN, Inc.iVeia, LLCJabil CircuitJB Management, Inc.JT3, LLCKeragis CorporationKMIC TechnologyKOR Electronics, Inc.L-3 CommunicationsL-3 Communications-Applied
Signal & Image TechnologyL-3 Communications Cincinnati
ElectronicsL-3 Communications/ Randtron
Antenna SystemsLNX CorporationLockheed MartinLockheed Martin Aculight
CorporationLogos MicrowaveLongmont MachiningLorch MicrowaveLS telcom AGMacAulay-BrownMANTECH Security TechnologiesMass Consultants MC Countermeasures, Inc.MegaPhaseMercury Computer SystemsMicro-Coax, Inc.Microsemi CorporationMicro Systems
MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems Inc.
Milso ABMITEQ, Inc.The MITRE CorporationMRSLMulticonsult SrlMy-konsultNew World Solutions, Inc.Nova DefenceNurad Technologies, IncOphir RF Inc.Optocon USA, Division of
ImpulseOrion International
TechnologiesOverlook Systems TechnologyOverwatch Systems Ltd.Parker Aerospace (SprayCool)Phoenix International Systems,
Inc.Plath, GmbHProtium Technologies, Inc.QUALCOMMQueued Solutions, L.L.C.Rafael-Electronic
Systems Div.Research Associates
of Syracuse, Inc.Rheinmetall Air Defence AGRising Edge TechnologiesRohde & Schwarz
GmbH & Co. KGRUAG HoldingScience Applications
International CorporationScientific Research CorporationSELEX Galileo Inc. The Shephard GroupSiemens IT Solutions and
ServicesSierra Nevada CorporationSivers IMA ABSoneticom, Inc.SOS InternationalSOURIAU PA&ESouthern Marketing
Associates, Inc. SpecPro-Inc.SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc.
SRI InternationalStrategic Influence
Alternatives, Inc.SubsidiumSunshine Aero IndustriesSURVICE Engineering Co.Symetrics Industries, LLCSypris Data SystemsSystematic Software
Engineering Systems & Processes
Engineering Corp. SystemWare Inc.Tactical Technologies Inc.Tadiran Electronic
Systems Ltd.TASCTCI InternationalTech Resources, Inc.Technical Information
Products & Services LLC (TIPS)Technology Management
ConsultantsTECOM IndustriesTEK Microsystems, Inc.Tektronix, Inc.Tektronix Component SolutionsTeledyne TechnologiesTeleplan AS TeligyTERASYS Technologies, LLCTERMA A/SThales Components Corp.Thales Homeland SecurityTimes Microwave SystemsTINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK MicrowaveTriaSys Technologies Corp.Tri Star EngineeringTRU CorporationUltra Electronics Avalon
SystemsUltra Electronics TelemusVigilanceVMR Electronics LLCWavepoint Research, Inc.Werlatone Inc.Wideband Systems, Inc.X-Com SystemsZETA AssociatesZodiac Data Systems
AOC Industry and Institute/University Members
BECOME An Industry OR INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY MEMBERSign up now to become an industry or institute/university member and receive a discount on exhibit space at the AOC National Convention in Washington, DC. Exhibit space is selling quickly. For more information on industry membership visit our website at www.crows.org or contact Glorianne O’Neilin at [email protected] or (703) 549-1600.
MEMBER TYPE ANNUAL FEE SPONSORED MEMBERSSUSTAINING (ANY SIZE) $3,000 30INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY $1,500 25LARGE (400+ Employees) $1,500 22MEDIUM (50-399 Employees) $1,000 15SMALL (10-49 Employees) $500 10CONSULTANT (1-9 Employees) $300 5
INDUSTRY FEE SCHEDULE(Company size determines fee except for sustaining members)
AOC INDUSTRY OR INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY MEMBER BENEFITS• Opportunity to designate key employees for AOC membership• Reduced rates for exhibit space at the AOC National Convention • Free organization narrative annually in the Journal of Electronic Defense (JED) • Names of industry members will appear in each issue of JED • Sponsored members receive discount for courses, and technical symposia• Strengthened industry/association/government coalition • Nonpartisan government relations • Highly ethical forum for free exchange of information • Expanded participation in professional activities • Valuable professional contacts.
CorpMembership_EdAd.indd 1 11/22/10 5:42:54 PM
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JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, VA, and additional mailing offi ces. Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC members and subscribers only. Subscription rates for paid subscribers are $160 per year in the US, $240 per year elsewhere; single copies and back issues (if available) $12 each in the US; $25 elsewhere.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, c/o Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
Subscription Information: Glorianne O’Neilin(703) [email protected]
JED Sales Offices
Naylor, LLC – Florida5950 NW 1st PlaceGainesville, FL 32607Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220Fax: +1 (352) 331-3525
Sales Manager: Melissa ZawadaDirect: +1 (352) [email protected]
Project Manager: Megan SappDirect: +1 (352) [email protected]
Advertising Sales Representatives:Shaun GreylingDirect: +1 (352) [email protected]
Erik HensonDirect: +1 (352) [email protected]
Chris ZabelDirect: +1 (352) [email protected]
Naylor – Canada100 Sutherland Ave.Winnipeg, MB Canada R2W 3C7Toll Free (US): (800) 665-2456Fax: +1 (204) 947-2047
I n d e xof adver t isers
AAI Corporation .............................................www.aaicorp.com .................................................... 11
Aethercomm ...................................................www.aethercomm.com ............................................ 25
Anaren Microwave Inc. ..................................www.anaren.com ......................................................7
Applied Signal Technology, Inc. ....................www.appsig.com ..................................................... 47
BAE Systems ...................................................www.baesystems.com ...................82, inside back cover
Cobham Sensor Systems .................................www.cobham.com ................................................... 13
Comtech PST Corp. .........................................www.comtechpst.com .............................................. 38
Crane Aerospace & Electronics.......................www.craneae.com/electronics....................................8
Dielectric Laboratories, Inc ...........................www.dilabs.com ...................................................... 39
Dow Key Microwave Corporation ...................www.dowkey.com.................................................... 40
DRS Defense Solutions ...................................www.DRS-DefenseSolutions.com .............................. 45
Elcom Technologies ........................................www.elcom-tech.com .............................................. 16
Elisra Electronic Systems ..............................www.elisra.com ...................................................... 46
Emhiser Research ..........................................www.emhiser.com ................................................... 10
Esterline Defense Technologies .....................www.esterline.com ................................................. 58
EW Simulation Technology Ltd. .....................www.ewst.co.uk ........................................................5
Giga-tronics Incorporated .............................www.gigatronics.com .............................................. 33
Grintek Ewation .............................................www.gew.co.za ....................................................... 18
Hawker Beechcraft Corporation ....................www.hawkerbeechcraft.com .................................... 24
Herley Industries ...........................................www.herley.com ..................................................... 32
Huber & Suhner ..............................................www.hubersuhner.com ............................................ 21
IMT - Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC ........................................www.imt-solutions.com ........................................... 17
ITT Electronic Systems...................................www.es.itt.com ................................ inside front cover
ITT Microwave Systems ..................................www.ittmicrowave.com ........................................... 22
IW Microwave .................................................www.iw-microwave.com .......................................... 23
Kanfi t Ltd .......................................................www.kanfi t.com ..................................................... 34
KOR Electronics ..............................................www.korelectronics.com ............................................3
Krytar, Inc......................................................www.krytar.com ..................................................... 50
Lorch Microwave ............................................www.lorch.com ....................................................... 49
MECA Electronics, Inc. ...................................www.e-meca.com .................................................... 51
Mercury Computer Systems, Inc. ...................www.mc.com .....................................................20, 36
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems – Amherst Systems......................................www.northropgrumman.com ................................... 27
Raytheon Company ........................................www.raytheon.com ......................... outside back cover
Rohde & Schwarz ............................................www.rohde-schwarz.com ......................................... 14
Saab AB, Electronic Defense Systems ............www.saabgroup.com................................................ 35
Spinnaker Microwave ....................................www.spinnakermicrowave.com ................................ 16
SRC, Inc. .........................................................www.srcinc.com ........................................................9
Tektronix Component Solutions ....................www.component-solutions.tek.com .......................... 19
Thales Aerospace Division .............................www.thalesgroup.com ............................................. 29
TRU Corporation.............................................www.trucorporation.com ......................................... 37
URS Corp ........................................................www.urscorp.com ....................................................44
Werlatone, Inc. ...............................................www.werlatone.com ................................................ 41
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J E Dquick look
Details Page # Details Page #
With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE SYSTEMS is pleased to sponsor the JED Quick Look.
AARGM, operational evaluation flight test ..........................................15AFRL, BAA for agile emitters ............................................................. 20AFRL, BAA for SIGINT collection, processing and exploitation ..............24Air National Guard, CUPID for F-16..................................................... 46Alloy Surfaces, airborne IR decoys/flares ............................................62AOC 2011 Election Guide ....................................................................71Argon ST, UAV comms jammer ............................................................15Armtec, airborne IR decoys/flares ......................................................62ATK, AAR-47 contract ........................................................................24ATK, AARGM flight test .....................................................................16BAE System, DEWS for Saudi F-16SA ....................................................43BAE Systems Rokar, airborne dispensers ............................................ 60BAE Systems, airborne dispensers ..................................................... 60BAE Systems, ALR-56M ..................................................................... 46BAE Systems, contract for CMWS A-Kits ..............................................24BAE Systems, UAV comms jammer .......................................................15BAE Systems, UK contract for Typhoon EW development...................... 28BGT, IRIS-T dogfight missile ...............................................................43Cassidian, ISIS for EuroHawk ............................................................. 40Cassidian, upgrade for Greek F-4E .......................................................43Chemring, airborne IR decoys/flares .................................................. 64CPI, TWT contract ..............................................................................24DEACON attack pod ............................................................................15Elbit, Litening pods ...........................................................................53Elettronica, EW for Tornado .............................................................. 50Elisra, ASPS for F-16 ......................................................................... 48Elisra, COMINT for UAS platforms ...................................................... 38Elisra, SPS-20 RWR ............................................................................52Elta, COMINT/ELINT for UAS platforms ............................................... 38Elta, EL/L-8222R jamming pod ..................................................... 52, 53Elta, jammer pod for F-4 ....................................................................43Envisioneering, R&D contract for offboard EW .....................................24Etienne-Lacroix, airborne IR decoys/flares......................................... 64Etienne-Lacroix, new chaff and flares for French Horizon frigates ....... 58EW “co-opetition”..............................................................................12F-4 Phantom .....................................................................................43French EW ....................................................................................... 54HARM, AARGM conversion .................................................................16House Armed Services Committee, FY12 Defense Markup ......................26IMI, TAAS dispenser ..........................................................................52India, medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA) competition .......... 28India, MiG-29 upgrade ................................................................. 28, 53India, Mirage 2000 upgrade ............................................................... 28India, planned fifth-generation fighter ............................................. 28Indra, A400M Defensive Aids Sub System ............................................57Indra, SPS for Spanish F/A-18s .......................................................... 48International SIGINT aircraft .............................................................31Israel Military Industries, airborne IR decoys/flares ........................... 64ITT, ALQ-165 ASPJ ............................................................................ 46ITT, ALQ-211(V)4 AIDEWS.................................................................. 48ITT, ALQ-214 .................................................................................... 48ITT, IDECM contract ...........................................................................24ITT, UAV comms jammer .....................................................................15Kanfit, airborne dispensers ............................................................... 60Kilgore Flares, airborne IR decoys/flares ............................................ 64
King Air, MC-12W Liberty ...................................................................32Lockheed Martin, Dragon ISR .............................................................32Lockheed Martin, F-16 .......................................................................43Malaysia, F/A-18D Mid-Life Upgrade ................................................... 28MBDA, airborne dispensers................................................................ 60MBDA, DDM-NG ................................................................................. 56MBDA, Éclair-M decoy dispenser ........................................................ 58MBDA, missile warning for Mirage 2000 ............................................. 56MBDA, Saphir-400 expendable decoy dispensing system .......................57Meggitt, airborne dispensers ............................................................. 60MES, airborne dispensers .................................................................. 60MiKES, ALQ-178 SPEWS ................................................................ 43, 48Niron, airborne dispensers ................................................................ 60Northrop Grumman, ALQ-131 Block II jamming pods ........................... 44Northrop Grumman, ALQ-165 ASPJ..................................................... 46Northrop Grumman, ASIP .................................................................. 40Northrop Grumman, ASIP contract .....................................................24Northrop Grumman, Firebird ............................................................. 18ONR, BAA for protection of electronics systems .................................. 20Rafael, ELINT for UAS platforms ........................................................ 38Rafael, Litening II targeting pod ........................................................43Raytheon, ALE-50 ............................................................................ 46Raytheon, ALR-67(V)3 ...................................................................... 48Raytheon, ASPIS for F-16s ................................................................. 48Raytheon, HARM .............................................................................. 18Raytheon, UAV comms jammer ...........................................................15RC-135 Rivet Joint ............................................................................ 36Rheinmetall, airborne IR decoys/flares .............................................. 64Rodale Electronics, airborne dispensers ............................................. 60Saab, airborne dispensers ..................................................................62Saab, AIRTRACER FLEX ......................................................................32Saab, BOW RWR for Tornado DASS upgrade ......................................... 50Saab, BOZ dispenser.......................................................................... 50Saab, CAMPS order............................................................................ 28Saab, Emitter Location System for UASs ............................................. 40Saab, self protection for Malaysia Su-30MKI ........................................53Sagem Défense et Sécurité, missile warning for Mirage 2000 ............... 56Sierra Nevada, JCREW contract .......................................................... 22Spectrum Warfare, part 2 .................................................................. 68SRCTec, Duke V3 CREW jammer contract ............................................. 22Symetrics, airborne dispensers ...........................................................62Technology Survey, Airborne Dispensers and IR Expendables ...............59Terma, airborne dispensers ................................................................62Terma, ALQ-213 ........................................................................... 44, 50Terma, Special Dispenser System ....................................................... 50Thales Land and Joint Systems, airborne dispensers ............................62Thales, Carpace for F-16 .................................................................... 44Thales, Integrated Countermeasure System for India Mirage 2000 ........ 50Thales, podded ELINT for C-130s .........................................................32Thales, SAEC SIGINT vehicles ..............................................................55U.S. Rep Buck McKeon .......................................................................26US Army, RFP for UAV SIGINT payload .................................................15US Joint Forces Command, Empire Challenge 2011 ............................... 18USAF, Comms EA pod for UAVs ............................................................15Wallop Defence, airborne IR decoys/flares .......................................... 64
529441_ITT.indd 1 4/27/11 1:25:19 PM
www.baesystems.com
Our fighting men and women deservethe world’s most advanced defense andsecurity technology. BAE Systems deliversenhanced survivability solutions includingbody armor, armored vehicles, life-savingcountermeasures, and situational awarenesssystems to protect those who protect us.They’re some of the many ways we provideadvantage in the real world.
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458113_BAE.indd 1 1/21/11 12:00 PM
© 2011 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
ELECTRONIC WARFARESYSTEMS
PROTECTINGTHE MISSION
AND THOSE WHOMUST COMPLETE IT.
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