LILIES

FOR ENGLISH GARDENS

[HE WHITE LILY IN

A

iOTIAGE GARDEN.

The " Couu^try Life"Li'BRARY.

LILIES

FOR ENGLISH GARDENS.

A GUIDE FOR AMATEURS.COMPILED FROM INFORMATION PUBLISHED LATELY IN "THE GARDEN," WITH THE ADDITION OF SOME ORIGINAL CHAPTERS.BY

GERTRUDE JEKYLL.SECOND EDITION.

PUBLISHED BY

"COUNTRY LIFE"20, TAVISTOCK. STREET, CO VENT GARDEN, W.C.

GEORGE NEWNES,7-12,

Ltd.

SOUTHAMPTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

1903.

INTRODUCTIONLilies,stately

comprising as they do, some of the most

and beautiful

of

garden flowers, are not nearly

much grown in gardens as their beauty deserves. One may go through many a rather large place and notsosee a Lily

from one end

to the other,

and

in spite of the

enormous and ever-increasing

interest in

gardens and

flowers of these days, a large proportion of the people

who

are taking a practical interest

in

horticulture

hardly as yet

know one

Lily

from another.

Thewanta

present writer and compiler,

who

has been a

working amateur

for thirty years, has keenly felt the

of a short, concise, illustrated

handbookto

;

such

book

as will just tell

amateurslikely

in the plainest

wayin

what they are mostLilies.

to

want

know about

Such a book has therefore been preparedbeen condensed and put as shortly

the form of the present volume, in which the information hasas possible

for greater simplicity

and ease

of reference.

Early in 1900 the editors of The Garden, feelingthatit

was desirableof Lilies,

to

encourage the growth of these

good plants, sent out circulars to some thirtygrowers

knownwhat

in order to ascertain firstly

viLiliesin

INTRODUCTIONwere Iheeasiest of general culture,

and secondlymight be

what circumstances various other

Lilies

considered successful in different parts of the United

Kingdom.readily

The

result of these inquiries

is

herewith

published, with

acknowledgments

to

those

who

so

and courteously complied with the request.are also due to Mr.

Acknowledgmentsfor permission to

W. Robinson;

make reproductions

of Lily portraits to several

from some of the former Garden platesfriends of

The Garden, especially to Miss Willmott,

Mr. G. F. Wilson, and Messrs. Wallace of Colchester,for

photographs of

Lilies,

and

to

Mr. E. T. Cook,helpful advice

joint-editor of

The Garden, for

muchthis

andIt

assistance.

must

be

understood;

that

is

merely an

amateur's handbook

a simple guide to thosein

whoeither

wish to growLilies

Lilies

English gardens.not

Severalit,

known

to

exist are

named

in

because they are of secondary importance

in

ourlittle

gardens or because they are scarce or tender or

known.it is

They concern the botanist, whose business know and to classify everything they scarcely concern the gardener whose interest it is to knowto;

what

Lilies will best grace his garden.

The Lilies named ment to the work of

are (with grateful acknowledgthat

eminent botanist) arrangedJ.

according to the classification of Mr.

G. Baker, so

long Keeper of the Herbarium and Library of the

Royal Gardens

at

Kew.

INTRODUCTIONA

vii

careful observation of the distinctive features of

the great divisions of Lihes will not only give additional interest to the plants themselves, but will give

the

amateur

grower some grasp

of

the

botanical

aspect,

by helping him

to observe the evidences of the

commonin

laws of structure that have been accepted

determining the relationships of the groups.believe,

No

one could

who

has not taken the trouble toplainly defined characters,

learn these simple

and now

how

the possession of such knowledge increases our

interest in

any group of

plants.

What

a joy

it

is,

in

Daffodils for instance, to haveeye,"

acquired a " Daffodil

so

that

when

any new Narcissus, whetherglance to guess fairlyat its clanship.

collected wild or produced by intentional hybridisation,is

shown, to be ableits

at a

nearly atIn

parentage and quite surelyLiliesit

the

matter of

is

much

easier, fordistinct.

the

forms

in the several

groups are more

In additionto of

toit

the acknowledgment so justly due

Mr. Baker,

would be ungracious on the partto

any one venturingLilies

put together a handbookto

on

to

omit some grateful reference

the

labours

of

others;

who have worked amongtravels

these

noble flowers

to the

and writings of Mr."

Henry Elwes, authorstandard authority on

ofLilies

the;

Monograph,"

the

to theof

manyof

years of;

experiment and written record

Mr. G. F. WilsonMr.

and

to

the

industry and perseverance

Max

Leichtlin of

Baden-Baden.

viii

INTRODUCTIONit

Perhapsteurs

is

to

Mr. Wilson above

all

that

ama-

are

mostly indebted, for hislast

untiring

work

during the

thirty yearstrials,

in

large

and long-consee

tinued practicalin

and

for his

unwearied kindnesstheat

allowing;

all

who

desired instruction to

results

also for his generosity in

communicating

once

to the horticultural press

anything about Lilies

that he perceived to be of educational value.

CONTENTSCHAPTERLILIES AS CLASSIFIEDI

PAGEI

CHAPTER nLILIUM GIGANTEUM.

SUB-GENUS

I

......... .....IV

4

CHAPTERLILIU.M

IIIII

LONGIFLORUM.

SUB-GENUS

7

CHAPTERLILIUM TIGRINUM.

IV

SUB-GENUS

III

18

CHAPTER VLILIUM PHILADELPHICUM.

SUB-GENUS

...

25

CHAPTERLILIUM CANADENSE.

VI29

SUB-GENUS V

CHAPTER

VIILILIES

SOME BEAUTIFUL WAYS OF GROWING

...

37

CHAPTERLILIES IN

VIII40

THE ROCK-GARDEN

CHAPTERLILIES IN POTS IN

IX.

OUTDOOR GROUPS

.

.

.

.

4I

X

CONTENTSCHAPTER XPAGE

LILIES AS

CUT FLOWERS

44

CHAPTERLILIES

XI47

FOR TOWN GARDENS

CHAPTER XHLILIES FOR DIFFERENT SOILS

48

CHAPTERHOWLILIES

XIII.

DO IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF ENGLAND

.

50

CHAPTER XIVIMPORTED AND HOME-GROWN LILIES57

CHAPTER XVLILIES AS POT PLANTS.

58

CHAPTER XVIDEEP OR SHALLOW PLANTING60

CHAPTER XVIIPROTECTION FROM SPRING FROSTS63

CHAPTERHYBRID LILIES

XVIII65

CHAPTER XIXTHELILY DISEASE 53

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSWhite LilyL.

in a Cottage Garden LiLIUM GiGANTEUM

.

.

.

Frontispiece45

To face page,)

GiGANTEUM L. LONGIFLORUM A Field of L. Longiflorum L. Longiflorum Part of a Field of L. Longiflorum L. Neilgherrense L. Nepalense L. LowiL.L.

Philippinense

Sulphureum

Candidum, best form L. Candidum, less good form L. Candidum, the best form White Lily in a Garden Landscape White Lily in a Garden in Venice White Lily in a Garden Border, widepetalled White Lily, the starry formL.. .

.... .......

10 lo

lo

n ,,12,,

...

,,

12

12 12

Group of White Lily White Lily in a Garden Border, thegood form Brownii in a Devon Garden L. Japonicum Brownii The White Lily with other Flowers The White Lily in the Thames Valley L. Brownii in the Edge of a WoodL..

,,

.....

i,

1212

12

,,12 ,,13,>

.

14 141515

L.

L.L.

Krameri Rubellum Rubellum at the Edge of Woodland

xnL. L. L. L.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSParryi Wallace: TiGRINUM SPLENDENSTofacepage l6

.....

17 18

L.L.

AURATUM AURATUM AMONG RHODODENDRONS Speciosum var. Melpomene.

2021

22

L. L.L.

Henryi

23

CroceumElegans, Orange Queen Elegans, Van Houttei

....andAlice

2626 26 28

L.

Wilsonl. L.

batemanni.e Bolanderi, L. Maritimum and Pardali-

NUM LUTEUML.

28

L.L.

Canadense Pardalinum Superbumin a

29

30

30

White MartagonL.

Garden Border

.

31

Szovitsianum

32

.

Tenuifolium L. Testaceum Group of L. Testaceum L. Chalcedonicum L. POMPONIUM L. Testaceum in the Wild Garden L. Giganteum in Woodland. White Lily with Sun-Dial L. Brownii in a Firwood at Mr. Wilson's L. Test.aceum in the Garden Landscape. L. Krameri in the Rock Garden Longiflorum in Pots in a Garden L.L.

3334

.....

3435

3637

....

38 3838

39

4041

CourtL.

with Foliage of Green Aucuba Nankeen Lily with Maize Foliage Hybrid Lily raised by an Amateur L. Dalhansoni

.

4445

.

.......

6667

LILIES

FOR ENGLISH GARDENSCHAPTERI

LILIES AS CLASSIFIED

The genusclassification,

Liliumdi-

is,

according

to

Mr.

Baker's

vided into six subgenera, of whichfive especially con-

cern our gardens.

Sub-genuscallednurn.

I.

is

Cardiocri-

This

has onlyofis

two

species,

which the bestIt

Lilium giganteum.has-

white,

funnellike

shapedLilies,

flowers, and, un-

other

wideheart-shapedleaves,

muchleaves,

like

Arum

onL.

long stalks.GIGANTEUM.

2

LILIES FORSub-genusII. is

ENGLISH GARDENS

called Etdirion.

The

flowers in this are also funnel-shaped, but the

leaves are long, either with their sides parallel (linear)

L.

CANDIDUM.

or ofat

some

length, thickest in the middle

and tapering

both ends (lanceolate).longifloruin,

This comprises

among

other Lilies,

candidiim, japonicuni (other-

wise Brownii), and Krameri.

Sub-genus

III. isis

called Archelirion.

The

flower

of a very

divisions are widely spread,

open funnel-shape, and its and a little turned back.

Thein

central style or

pistil comes forward

a boldly curved

line,

and theinstead

sta-

mens,

of

L.

SPECIOSUM.

round, giving the flower a distinct

accompanying it more or less as in some other Lilies, diverge from it all aspect. The leaves

are either without stalk (sessile), or have the stalk very

LILIES AS CLASSIFIEDshort.

3

This sub-genus includes tigrinum, auratum, speciosuDi, and perhaps the

newer Henryi,Sub-genusIsolirion.

IV.

is

called

In

thisis

flower

sub - genus the an open cup ofreddish-orangecarriedupright,

orange,

or

colouring

such as the Orange Lily (Z.crocemn).

Sub-genus Martagon.

V.

is

calledL.

CROCEUM.

These arecap shape;

more or less turn-cap or turk'sL. canadense, which is bell-shaped, beingLilies of

themost notable exception.

About

half of

them have

the leaves in whorls.

Theare

purple Martagon and thescarlet

chalcedonicum

the

commonest represen-

tativesLilies.

among

gardenR/^

Sub-genus VI.Notholirion.

is

called

This sub-genushere considered, aslink with

isit

notis

a

L.

MARTAGON.

the Fritillaries,

and the only two species it contains are difficult and by no means indispensable garden flowers.

CHAPTERSUB-GENUSLILIUM GIGANTEUMCardiocrinumI

II

(Eastern Himalayas),

The

great beauty

and surprising dimensionsa

of

the

giant Lily well repay the trouble needed forvation.

its

culti-

Thoughhave

true

Lily,

its

wide,of

succulentthose ofa

leaves

almost the appearance

giantIneasily

Arum.cool woodland, in alight,

loamy

soil,

it

can

be grownit

;

indeed there are woods in England

grows so readily that it may be said to have become naturalised, growing spontaneously from selfsown seed. But in most gardens and home wood-

where

lands

it

is

thankful for well-prepared holes of light

sandy loam with leaf-mould and enrichment of welldecayed manure.

Theby

root

is

unlike that of most Lilies, for instead of

consisting of whitish or yellowish scales, only adheringtheir bases,it is

a solid bulb of dark bottle-greenlike

colour,

shaped somethingIt

an

oil-flask

withall

aits

shortened neck.

makes no stem

roots,^

root-growth

coming from the bulb, and'

radiating

See page

6i.

^i'.'^Ml

'JLIUM G!GANTEUM

:

{TaUcst spikf

lift.

61115.)

LILIUM GIGANTEUM WHITE, IVITH RED-PURPLE STRIPE INSIDE {Flruvrs ten inches long).:

LILIUM GIGANTEUMlaterally only alittle

5

way underground. The roots look like those of a young tree or the great spreading ones of Eremurns robustus. The flowering stems have

need of these great roots, for they rise to a height of from ten to fourteen feet, though they are perhaps best at from ten to eleven feet. In the last days of June,or the earliest days of July, the great trumpet-shapedflowers expand, each eight to nine inches long, and

four or iive

inches across the

mouth.

They

are

greenish-yellow

when

they begin to open, but pure

white

when

fully

opened, when they show a red-

purple bandwithin

inside.

Theeven

great

stemof

bearsthese

from

twelve to twenty,

or

more,

flowers

some twotheatstill

feet of the top.

The fragrancefar in

is

powerful and delicious, and carriesevenings

summer

when

the light

is

waning,best.

which time these grand

Lilies

look their

full-sized, do not flower two or three years indeed it is much better that they should not do so, but that they should slowly grow and gather strength. The flower coming the next year on a large-sized bulb is rarely a good one,

Planted bulbs, unless quite;

for

and it is better, unless it promises unusual vigour, to remove it and let the bulb grow and strengthen. Unless seed is wanted, it is best for the bulb to remove the upper part of the flower-stem after blooming, as this will help the offsets, although it is a handsome object all the summer, retaining its leaves and itspolished greenness, while the large upturned podsare fine things also.

6If

LILIES

FOR ENGLISH GARDENSis

good seed

wanted,

it

is

well to insureis

it

by

repeated hand-fertilisation.

Increase by seed

rather

a slow process, as flowering bulbs can hardly be ex-

pected

till

seven years from the time of sowing.offsets

Thein

plant that has flowered will have

of

several sizes, the largest of

which

will

probably flower

two years.

The bulbs;

are planted quite shallow,

only just underground

established ones

show

their

tops just above ground.In most gardens, though it does not appear to be needed everywhere, care must be taken that the youngleaves

do notof

bourhood

from London, andsuffer

late frosts.

In the neighto the south to

for

some way

of that latitude, the

young

leafy

growths need

be

protected by a few Fir boughs, or something that will

"break" the frost without so closely covering the Lilies as to draw and weaken them.Lilium cordifolium of Japan may be described as a poor kind of L. giganteum, and is so inferior to this

grand thing, that unlesslection of as

it

is

an object to have abe,it is

col-

many

kinds as

may

hardly worth

growing.

LILIUM LONGIFLORUM

:

WHITE;

IS'

v iiiclus

long

In'

fi-e iiu-kei

r.v,/*',)

CHAPTERSUB-GENUS11

III

LILIUM LONGIFLORUM

(Japan),

Eulirion

Bermuda LilyThis most beautiful Japanese Lily appears in our gardens under the various names of Harrisi, exiniium, Wilsoni, dLwd gmndiflorum. These are all good garden varieties of the same plant. The white trumpet flowers, borne one or two on a stem in the type plant, but more numerously in the stronger kinds, have yellow anthers that help to give the flower anappearance of great purity, whileits

fine build gives

an impression of consummate beauty of Lily form.

An immenseportation,so

quantity are grown in Japan for exthe

thatis

moderate price

at

which

it

may be boughting.

an encouragement to free planta plant of great vigour,;

Theflorum

fine variety

Wilsoiti

is

often bearing six or eight flowers on a stemis

grandi-

also a very fine Lily.

somewhat misleading, But as it was found to Japanese. for the plant increase readily and mature more quickly in the Bermuda Islands, it was largely grown there under It is a Lily that accommodates the name Harrisi.

The name Bermudais

Lily

is

8

LILIES

FOR ENGLISH GARDENSandwill

itself

readily to forcing,

bear both pushing

on early and

also retarding.

The bulbsthey

are not of

much

use after forcing, but

may be

turned out and clumped together in

somethey

retired spot

may

give

some

and given a good watering, when useful flowers for cutting towardsoutof

the end of autumn.

When

planted

doors

Lilium

longiflorum.

depended upon to prosper and form strong clumps as so many Lilies will do, although it forms young bulbs on the underground stem and by the breaking up of the old bulbs. These can be collected and grown on, but it is hardly worth doingcannot bein private gardens.Stillifit

is

desired to do so the

separated scales

may be

put rather thickly in pans

and grown on in the greenhouse. This grand Lily is also very useful grown in pots for many outdoor purposes. Nothing is better for dropping into empty spaces, pot and all, in the latter part of the summer, or for standing in any place where pot plants are grouped with foliage plants, a way ofgardening thatpractised.is

not

halfit

enough considered oris

In

such places

beautiful in

shade,

thoughenjoyedIt

if

kept moist at the root the flower will bear

plenty of sun.in

But

its

beauty and purity are bestsix to

a shaded position.

should be planted

seven inches deep, as

it forms stem roots, or if in pots, should be in deepshaped pots and potted low, so that additional soil

of a rich

of

compost can be added the upper set of roots.

for the

nourishment

o

5 5 o-J

a:;

o-J

3

;>.

LIIJUM NFALGIIERkENSE CREAM COLOU RED. FAE\'TLY;

PIJRIEE OUTSIDE.

(Floivcrs Six in.ha

)

LILIUM NEPAL EN. >E; CITRON AND PURPLE

:

(Floivcis

F ,iiy

inches ifiILIES IN

VIII

THE ROCK-GARDENLilies into consideration,

Whenyet

thinking of plants suitable for the rock-garden,

one does not always take

and

some

of the very best effects

may

be obtained by

their use.

In a rock-garden of large extent and bold featuresthereLiliesis

no reason why nearly;

all

but the very largest

should not be planted

but even in smaller places

the bold and graceful

upright Lily-form

may

often

redeem a rock-garden from the over-squatness of treatment so often seen. Moreover, when one thinks of a delicate and brilliant gem like tenuifolium, with itsscarlet turn-cap flower

coming, as

it

does, so early in

the Lily season

;

of the small-growing orange-colouredof the

philadelphicmn

;

many gorgeous andelegans;

tender-

coloured varietiestheir small stature

of

{thunbergianum),

with

and large bloom of concolor and of the lovely pink coridion, two charming dwarf kinds rubelluni one sees that Lilies in the rock-garden Several of the should by no means be neglected. species are from rocky lands, and the complete drainage of the upper portions of the rock-garden is greatly;

in their favour.

(

LIl.lUM

LONGIFLURUM IN FOTS, ARRANGED WITH FUNKIAS, CANNAS, EIC, IN THE ANCLE OF A PA VED GARDEN COURT.

CHAPTERLILIES IN POTS INIna

IX

OUTDOOR GROUPSifit

newly made garden, especiallyaccessories,

includes

architecturalclassical

whether

of

refined

and

character

or

roughly built of some localto the garden's

stone, a great addition

beauty and

delightfulness

is

made by properly considered and

designed places for the standing of groups of plantsin pots.It

would be the carethat

of the designer so to

diaw

his

plans

these

spaces would not look hungry orwhile in

naked

in winter,

appear to

summer the plants should be occupying their own proper place, and

not be there as interlopers or clumsy afterthoughts.

The

great advance of late years in the use of important

plants,

such asIn

Lilies

and Cannas, makes the con-

sideration of such a department in garden design anecessity.

the stone-work.

many cases Where it

it

may

be a sunk bed in

is

to contain

somebest,

of the

strongest growing plants, such as the older kinds of

Cannas

of large stature, a

bed may be

but justis

now

it is

the arrangement of plants in pots that

being

considered.

Sheltered spots in connection with walled

garden courts are about the best places for such groups, and Lilies will be the most important of theplants used.4"

42

LILIESthis

FOR ENGLISH GARDENS

purpose the best kinds are longifloTum, candiduni, auratutn, Krameri, and speciosum. In suchgroupings nothingthe best foliage, alsoto beis

For

setting to the Lihes,

more important, as a suitable than to have a good supply of in pots. For this the plants most

recommended

are Funkia grandiflora, and hardy

Ferns as advised for the woodland groups, Male Fern,

Lady Fern, and Dilated Shield Fern. All these are grown out of doors in a sheltered place, having been potted in October. The plants take two years to cometo their best,

and

will

stand in the pots three or fourfor a shift.

years, after

which they are thankful

The

only indoor plants used with these are Aspidistras,

which are much benefited by the outdoor treatment. There is no reason why any other plants of goodgreen foliage thatbutit

may be

liked should not be used,

is

convenient to describe an arrangement thatthree

has been actually done, and found to answer so wellthatfor

or four years

it

has remained un-

changed.

The groupsof June.

of green are put out in the firstis

week

In the place in question there

no congiven by

venience for bringing on

early

batches of Liliiimis

longiflonnn, so that the first flower effect

pots of white Gladiolus (the Bride), andgeas, white

some Hydranall

and pink. But

in the

shady place

white

and tender-coloured flowers look well, while all gain immensely from being placed in the ample groundwork of cool greenery of only a few kinds of plants,

and these not mixed up, but easily grouped. A very simple grouping such as this of a few green

LILIES IN POTSthings and a few kinds ofLilies, is beautiful

43 beyond

comparison with a placinglectionof potted flowers.

of

a miscellaneous col-

A sunny

place would beit is

differently treated, with other plants, butif

doubtful

any would be so pictorially satisfactory as the cool, shaded place, with its white or tender-coloured Lilies, and their amply sufficient groundwork of handsomegreenery.

CHAPTER XLILIES AS

CUT FLOWERSopinions about the beautytiie

There can be no twoof

Lilies as

cut

flowers for

house.in

The onlythisis

objection that can bethat

made

to

them

use

is

some have too strongfor

a scent.

This

especially

the

case with auratuins, whichahall

are therefore

moreratheris

suitable

or entrance than for an actuallovely

sitting-room.

The

candidumto

is

also

strong in a room, though

many

the scent

so

welcome,tide, that

asit

oneis

of the sweet smells of high

summer-

liked in the sitting-room as well as in

the

garden.

No

possible objection on this accountlongifloriiuiLilies,

can be raised againstof the

or

speciosuiii,

two

very best room

whether cut or

in pots.

Whento

arranged as cut flowers their nobility of aspectrestricts

necessarily

the

choice of kinds of foliage

be put with them.these Lilies;

Nothing small or petty canthe leafage thatis

come nearLiliiiin

put withits its

them must have some kindlongiflorumfoliage,

of dignity of of

own.

may have enoughis

own

but

if

any

added

it

should be somethingpolish, such as

of the

same dark colouring and high

Magnolia grandiflora, of which a well-grown tree can always spare a branch or two, or a bough of a

d ^

LILIES AS

CUT FLOWERS

45

dark-leaved green Aucuba, or Acanthus latifalius pre-

pared by a bath of some hours in a tank or tub.L. speciosuDi andits

varieties

admit ofIf

much moresomeof

variety in the choice of fohage.

there are strong

growing examplestheir

of

Magnolia

conspicua,

summer

shoots of

handsome

pale leaves, pro;

bably two feet long, can well be sparedis

if

the tree

good quantity will be available. worth keeping in the reserve garden a patch of Maize and a little of the variegated kind, on purpose for cutting to go with Lilies and Gladiolusagainst a wall ais

It

well

and other important summer and autumn flowers. If the first shoots of the Maize are cut when they are three feet high, it will push again from the base

and givethat,like

a

number

of

usefulIt

shoots

of

graceful

greenery for the autumn.so

should be remembered

many

of theit

Lilies,

Maize also makesat the

stem roots, so thatof

should be planted

bottomthe

a depression

or in a trench, and given a goodfill

dressing of compost to

up

to the level

when

stem roots begin to show. Leaves of Funkia grandiflora are also delightfulwith these Lilies;

a good breadth should be

grown

for cutting, in a half-shaded place well

slugs

;

the leaves burn in the sun.

guarded from Fronds of hardy

Ferns, especially

Lady Fern,

are also good, but they

should be prepared by a bath of some hours.

The tender pink and

rosy colouring of L. speciosuni

are also beautiful with grey foliage.

Of

this

the

grandest will be leaves of Globe Artichoke or Cardoon.

A

reserve of these in

full

sunlight

should also be

46

LILIES FOR ENGLISH;

GARDENS

kept for cutting

the

flower

stems should be cuttank to prepare

out in order to insure a succession of the leaves.

These must

also be

immersed

in the

themin

to stand well in water. of the orange-coloured Lilies are also;

Manymostfine

goodthe

rooms

croceum and tigrinum being

among

useful.

Theyare

are generally well

nished with leaves to

enough furdo without addition, and theirseen;

forms

so

best

theof

stiffness

of

theLily

laterally

directed

flower

stalks

the

Tiger

makes

it

very easy to arrange, one flower support-

ing another.

CHAPTERLILIES

XI

FOR TOWN GARDENS

Therecroceum.

is

It

no better town plant than the grand Lilium seems to bear its well-filled heads of greatin a

orange cups as willingly

a country garden, while the

London square leaves show byitsit

as intheir

deep green colour, and the whole plant byhealth and vigour,

robust

howlife

little

cares

about thosetoin

conditions of town

that

are so surely fatalall

many

plants.

Indeed nearly

the Lilies

named

the chapter

on the

easiest

grown garden

Lilies will

do well

inL.L.

towns.

They compriseL.

auratum Brownii L. candidumL. chalcedonicwn L. croceum L. daviiricum L. elegans

Humboldti

L. longiflorumL. pardali?ium

L. pyrenaicumL. testaceum

L. tigrinum

47

CHAPTERLILIESIt has been observedthatit

XII

FOR DIFFERENT SOILSby someof our best amateursfive

is

not usual for more than four or

kinds

of Lilies to

do wellis

in the

ordinary

soil of

any oneat

garden.

This

scarcely to be

wondered

when

one thinksthe

of the

enormous geographicalAll the

distribution

of these plants.

known

Lilies are natives of

northern hemisphere, and;

virtually

within

the

temperate zone

any that occur within the Tropic of Cancer are in mountainous places at an elevation of some thousands of feet. They extend from Japanin the east to the

western States of America, and as

they

grow

in every variety of soil

and

situation

it

stands to reason that the conditions offered by any

one garden are notspecies.

likely to suit a large

number

of

Butis

as gardening consists not only in doing

what

easiest but also in taking pains to suit plants with

the Lilies that

what they want, by learning what are the needs of may be most admired by any individual amateur they may generally be made to succeed.Stillit

will

be reasonable to give the preference be favoured by thelist

to the Lilies that will

soil of

the

garden, and the followingthe likings of the kinds

will

approximately show

we have48

to deal with.

LILIESGoodloam and

FOR DIFFERENT SOILSsoil

49

average garden

or a mixture of

medium

leaf soil will suit

Batemannice

longiflorum

candidumchalcedonicumconcolor

Martagonpyrenaicuin poniponiuinspeciosuinszovitsiariinn

croceumcofidion

elegans

tenuifoliuin

HansomHenyyi

testaceumtigrinuiii

These therefore may be regarded as Lilies for every garden except those that are of a very light sandy peat, and even in these croceum, tigrinuin, Heniyi, Brownii, and rubellum will do very well.

Theit

Lilies that prefer a stiffer soil

and

will

do

in

as well as in the

average

soil are

:

candidum

CHAPTERHOWTheLILIES

XIII

DO

IN

DIFFERENT PARTS OFin

ENGLANDLilies that

do generally wellin;

gardens havingare

been consideredomitted from

the last chaptertheir

thereforeare

this

cultural requirements

given under their separate names, and also in the

chapter referred towithcertain

;

those also

known

to

do wellcon-

treatment or in certain

natural

ditions,

such as L. giganteum, do not appear here.Lilies,

The tender Indianin their place.

those that are best in greenwill

house treatment, are also excluded, andalphabetically

be found

In the following the kinds are placed:

L. Batemaimics.Failure in strong loam in Northumberland, in

same garden doing well in peat. red loam in South Devon. Well in sandstone and peat in South Devon. The best reports of this Lily come from Devonshire. We therefore assume that it is somewhat tender.the

Well

in

L. Brownii.Fairly well in heavy

Well

in strong

loam

loam in Cumberland. in Northumberland.

LILIES INVery wellto dry

ENGLANDsoil,

51

in light soil

(Hastings sand) in Kent.

Fairly well in alluvial;

deep and

light,

apt

in

Dublin.

Fairly well in light sandy

loam on chalk

in

Surrey.Failure in green sand on stony soil in Radnorshire.

WellWell

in

sandy peatdry

in Kircudbrightshire.

Fairly well in lightin light

loamsoil,

in

Nottinghamshire.

subsoil gravel, in

War-

wickshire.

Very well in loam and peat in Norfolk. Well in red sandstone and peat in South Devon. Well in loam in Surrey.Wellin

heavy red loam

in

South Devon.

L. canadense.Well spokenL. davuricum.of in moist, peaty soils.

Well in peat and loam in Devon. Very well in a gravelly, dry garden

in

Middlesex.

Z. elegans = thunbergianum. Well in heavy red loam in South Devon. Well in red sandstone and peat in South Devon. Well in red loam in South Devon. Well in sandy peat and gravel in Kirkcudbrightshire.

WellWell

in alluvial soil in Dublin.in

strong loam on clay in Northumber-

land.

52

LILIES FORL. Hansoni.Well

ENGLISH GARDENS

in peaty sand and loam in Devon. Very well in a dry, gravelly garden in Middlesex. Well in strong loam on clay in Northumberland.

Well

inin

sandy loam on gravel

in

Durham.

Well WellNearlyLily.all

red loam in South Devon.

in

loam

in Sussex.

the reports

we have had speak

well of this

L. Hwnboldti.Wellin

peaty loam near the sea in Wigton-

shire.

Fairly well in a dry, gravelly garden in Middlesex.

Well

in strong;

umberland

also well in a peat

loam on clay subsoil in Northbed in the

same garden. Well in disintegrated syenite with strong loam and peat in Worcestershire. Well in red loam in South Devon. Failure in loam in Surrey. Grand in heavy red loam in South Devon. Well in loam in Sussex.These reports should be encouragingthis to the use of

handsome

Lily.

L.

Kramer i.Very wellin

heavy yellow clay in Sussex.

Failure outside in sandy peat in Dumfriesshire.Fairly well in sandy soil in Shropshire.

LILIES INVery wellSurrey.in

ENGLAND

53in

sandy loam on chalk subsoil

in peaty loam in Wigtonshire. Unequal in alluvial soil (apt to dry) in Dublin. Well in peat (soil red sandstone) in South Devon. Failure in loam in Surrey.

Very well

Thetrial.

reports of this Lily vary considerably, but

it is

so beautiful that

we

advise amateurs to give

it

a good

L. Leichtlini.

Only two reports of this graceful Lily came one doubtful and one favourable.

in,

L. longiflorum. Out of fourteen reports continued success in garden culture was only mentioned in four cases, others being moderate, and somefailures.Itis

not a plant that can be exin

pected to grow on and increasegardens,

Englishat so

but

it

is

importedto

in

such vastnot likely

quantities,

and brought

our doorsis

cheap ato

rate, that its

popularityit

wane, while as a pot Lily

is

one of the

most valuable.L. pardalinum.

Of

this

we had seventeen:

notices, of

which a

few are as follows

WellWell

in

strong loam in Northumberland.

in peat, sand,

and loam

in

Devon.

54

LILIES FOR ENGLISHWell in stiff calcareous Hampshire.Well Wellininsoil

GARDENSon claysubsoil in

moist alluvial

soil in

Dublin.

in disintegrated syenite

and strong loamin

Worcestershire.in in

Well Well

sandy loam and gravel

Durham. disintegrated red sandstone and peatin

in

South Devon.

Very wellWellin

heavy red loam andin Sussex.

leaf soil in

South Devon.

loam

These reports show the wonderful adaptabilitythis Lily to a variety ofsoil,

of

and thereforeall

indicates

that

we may consider

it

a Lily for

English gardens.

L. Parryi.

Two

successes, three doubtful cases,

and onenot

failure are

recorded againstit it

this pretty Caliis

fornian Lily, but probably

from

its

being generallyin

known

that

should be grown

moist peat.

Since these reports came init

we have had

a most favourable account ofin Kent.

from an amateurL. philadelphicu7n.

Only mentioned oncedescribingit

in the reports received,

as short-lived.

L. rubelluni.Thisbeautiful

new

Lilyit

is

extremely

welltrial

spoken of whereverin

has

had

a fair

sandy or peaty

soils.

LILIES INL. speciosum.Well WellWell Wellin

ENGLANDin Kent.

55

sandy peat and loam

in disintegrated syenite, peat,

and loam

in

Worcestershire.in

heavy loam and granite

in

Carnarvonin

shire.

in disintegrated red

sandstone and peat

South Devon. Well in loam in Surrey. Fairly in heavy red loam

in

South Devon.reportsofthis

There are otherlovely Lily inits

less

satisfactoryvarieties,it

many

but on the whole

they are encouraging to usewell as a pot plant.

as a

garden plant as

L. superbum.This Lilyis

needs thatpraise of

so much like pardalinnm in its we need hardly repeat the general

its

well doing, especially in moist

peat in a partly shaded place.

L. temiifoliuni.This small Siberian Lilyis

not

muchof

cultivated,it;

and our reportsfindit

said butin

little

but

warm, sandy soil. renewed from seed. stock should bedoes well

we The

L. washingtonianum. Uncertain on oolite limestoneshire.

in

Gloucester-

56

LILIES FORWell Wellin in strong

ENGLISH GARDENSin

loam and sand in Norfolk. loam on clay subsoil

North-

umberland.

L. Wallacei.Is

reported only once, but then as doing well.

CHAPTER XIVIMPORTED AND HOME-GROWNThere are two ways of buying sure way of having home-grownofLilies;

LILIESthe safe and

bulbs from a houseof buying imported

good repute, and theat

risky

way

ones

auction sales.thelatter

By

followingof bulbs

course

a

much

larger

number

may

be had, but there are likely

to be failures.

It is

a kind of horticultural a prize of a case of

the buyerat a

may winrate,

very cheap

or he

may draw

a

gambling good bulbs blank and be

so

muchIf

the loser.

on receiving a case of imported bulbs they are found to be limp and flabby, they should, beforepotting or planting, be put for a time into justcocoa-fibre,

damp

Sometimes they arrive bruised and partly decayed. The worst had better be burnt at once any that seem worth saving, or have only small blue mouldy benefited by being well dusted patches, may be with powdered charcoal, or treated with dry powdered sulphur, getting the cleansing and fungoid-growthdestroying powder well in between the scales. It is best not to buy imported auratums early inthey will soonup.;

when

plump

the

season

;

the

first

consignments often contain

bulbs insufficiently ripened.

Those

that reach

Eng-

land after Christmas are likely to be better.

CHAPTER XVLILIES AS POT PLANTS.

Forof

pot culture the Lilies that do best, and at theuseful for

same time are the most

the

decoration

dwelling-house or conservatory, are, longiflorum,

candidum, auratiim, and speciosum

among

the hardiest

and

easiest,

then Krameriy Brownii, and the tender

Indian kinds, sulphureuin (wallichianmn), odoruni, and

Lowi.

The compost

that will suit

most

Lilies

is

a mixture

of good loam and peat with a

little

leaf-mould, in

two parts fibrous loam, one part fibrous peat with a little leaf-mould and sand. Thisthe proportion of

may bewith

called the stock Lily compost.

It

may

be

advantage

varied as

follows.little

For candidumsul-

rather heavier

loam and aloam, for

lime rubbish, for

speciosum heavier

Krameri, Brownii,

phureum, odorum, &c., rather lighter loam, forflorumrather

longi-

more manorial

matter, but of course

well decayed.

Pots for

Lilies

should be roomy and above

all

deep, especially for the Lilies that

make

stem-roots.

Out

of

those

candidum.

named above these will be all but The stem-rooting Lilies are generallypot and additionalS8

potted low in the

compost

is

LILIES AS POT

PLANTS;

59

added when the stem-roots appear this will bear to be a little richer than the compost in which thebulbis first

potted.is

Lilium longiflorum under glass

apt to be attackedin the rather

by green

fly,

crowds of which assemble

closely gathered leaves at the top of the stem

when

Fumigating should be begun in it is half grown. If they are good time and kept up at intervals. wanted early they must be kept in a moist atmosphere, well watered and often syringed. For starting the bulbs no way is better than plunging them in a bed of ashes four inches deep over the pots, as is done with Hyacinths then the;

potsas

will

be

transferred to

house or cold frame

they are wanted for use indoors in the earliest

months or later in the open. Those that are for outdoor use can also be potted They are kept in a cool frame just safe from later. When danger from frost is over they are frost. After plunged in an ash-bed in the open ground. a little weak liquid manure may be the top-dressing, given to the speciosum varieties and to longiflorum. For the treatment of Lilies in pots after the bloomis

over,

the supply of

water should gradually bethe stems have turned

decreased

they

should be plentifully watered while

growing and floweringdryin the

until

yellow; they are then fresh potted and kept rathercold frame for the winter.

CHAPTER XVIDEEP OR SHALLOW PLANTINGThereare two matters connected with Lily growing whose importance is often overlooked, and to the neglect of which many failures may probably be;

attributed

oneis

is

the right depth of planting, and

the other

neglect in giving due protection from

spring

frost.

As a rough rule a Lily is planted at a depth repreby three times that of the bulb, except in the case of L. giganteuni, which is planted barely underground. But Lilies have two ways of throwingsented

out roots.all

Some

of

them, including candidum and

the Martagons, root only at the base of the bulb.

But in a great number the bulb makes its first growth by the help of the roots from its base, known as basal roots then as soon as the stem begins to rise, it throws out a fresh set from the stem itself, above the point where it comes out of the bulb. These;

are the roots that feed the later growth of the stem

andis

flowers.

It

follows thatjust

if

one of these

Lilies

planted

only

underground, the

stem-roots

push out above ground, and, finding no nourishment, the growth of the plant will be checked. But their if these stem-roots are well underground, andwill60

DEEP OR SHALLOW PLANTINGstrong growthis

6irich

further

encouraged

by

the

mulchings in

that

recommended, and by frequent waterdry days of spring and early summer, theis

LILY

THAT MAKES STEM-ROOTS,SUCH ASL.

THAT MAKE NO STEM-ROOTS,SUCH ASL.

AUEATUM.

CANDIDUM.

stem roots can do their duty in supplying the stem and flowers with the needful nourishment. The following is a list of the Lilies that root fromthe stemas

well

as

from the bulb, and therefore;

requirebetically

deep planting;

the

names

are

put

alpha-

auraium, including

all

elegans

varietiesand the fine Japanese hybrid L.a. Alexandra. BatemannicE

Hansoni Henryi Kramerilo7igiflorum

Browniicroceutn

nepalense

Dalhansoni

speciosum tigrinum

62

LILIES FOR ENGLISHThe following

GARDENS:

only,

are the Lilies that root from the bulb and therefore do not need such deep plantingBurbanki

CHAPTERAgain rememberingall

XVII

PROTECTION FROM SPRING FROSTSthat our

garden

Lilies

come from

countries in the northern half of the temperate

world, from valleys, mountains, rocky heights, and

swamps, we must be prepared for the fact that their young growths pierce the ground at very different dates, and that, though no doubt each Lily in its own place comes out of the ground at the fittest season forits new growth, when we put them into our gardens we cannot suit them with the exact weather and

temperature and altitude that they would expect their own homes.It

in

follows that most of the Lilies that

come

early

out of the ground will need

some kind

of protection.

The best protection of all is that of growing shrubs, whose branches nearly meet over the spot where the Lily is planted. This is one reason why it is so strongly recommended that Lilium auratiim and others should be grown through and among Rhododendrons and other shrubs.

The

Lilies that like the closest

growths around themthe

may be knownmore orless

by having the lower part of the stembare of leaves, aslikeis

case

with

auratum ; those which,a thick leafy

candidum, spire up from

mass show

that they63

do not need the

64

LILIES FOR ENGLISH;

GARDENSit is

shrubby cover

but for the early growing Lilies

important that they should be given some shelter

from

frost.

A mulchof

of shortis

manure,

of half-decayed

good as a ground prowanted beyond this, for it often happens, when the ground covering only hasleaves, or;

cocoa-fibre

tection

but something

is

been provided, that the Lily growth pushes through it while we have yet to fear the late frosts of April

and May.

Fir boughs, either Scotch or Spruce, are

capital for this sheltering,

and one

of

our best Lily

amateurs, writing from Kent, says that he has foundthe

branches

of

Berberis Aquifolium

give

complete

success.will, as

Even bare boughs, such

as old pea sticks,

gardeners say, " break the

frost,"

and are much

better than nothing.

The samebe expected

helpful amateur has

sent these dates as those at which the growth of the

following Lilies

mayof Lily.

:

NameL.

Date of Appearance,

Liliuin longiflorum Takesinia

March

8th.

auratum platyphyllu>ii}

.

nth.17th.19th.

L. speciosum criientuin L. HenryiL.L.

HansomBrownii

)

L. speciosum alhim KtatzeriApril

L. excelsuniL. Parryi L.

.... ....\)

25th.1

2th.

13th.

Burbanki)

20th.

L. szovitsianum \

28th.

L. rubellumL. ca?iadense

May

4th.14th.

L. Bateinannia: (planted this spring)

CHAPTERConsidering howsurprising thatit

XVIII

HYBRID LILIESfreelyLilieslate

seed

it

is

rather

is

only of

years that

we

hear

muchkinds

of the raising of hybrid varieties.it

Perhapsthat

is

that the carefully cultivated gardensay, the

species

are

is

to

garden forms

of

natural

so good, that the attempt to mingle the

various characters could not produce anything better

we have already. Thus we can scarcely imagine an improvement on the best form of L. candidiun, or a grander flower than a bold L. atiratuin such as L. a. platyphylluni.thanItis

probable that the

efforts

of

those

who

arejust

nowa

hybridising

Lilies, will

end by producing

few excellent things and a large number of connondescripts, much worse as garden plants than the types from which they are derived.fusingStill,still

though

it

is

difficult to

imagine

it,

there

may

be potentialities of beauty undeveloped in theIn support of this thereis

Lily family.

the lovely

L. testaceum, said to be a hybrid of chalcedonicmn

andits

candidum,

which, while possessing a beauty of

own, clearly shows the relationship to both parents to chalcedonicum in the form of the flower and the65g.

66faint

LILIEStingeof

FOR ENGLISH GARDENSits

warm

colour, to candidum in

its

port and texture of

bloom

the

resemblance to

this

parent

being

perhaps strongest in the half-grownof the leaves.

state in the

arrangement and carriage

one can deny the success of the natural hybrid of auratum and longiflorum, JapaneseCertainlyif

no

that

be,

as

is

supposed, the true parentagein the Lily

of

Lilium AlexandrcB, but thenare

world there

not

many such

possible

parents as those two

grand

species.

L. Burbanki, a

hybrid of L. pardalinum and L.is

washingtonianum,give the world

well

spoken

of,

and there

is

reason to believe that Mr. Burbank before long

will

some good new hybrids. The hybrids of Martagon, such as Marhan {Martagon-\- Hansoni), are without doubt interesting, and have a certaindegree of beauty, but the genus Lilium seems tooffer a field for the

working

of better things.

It

is

to

be hoped that

this industrious

and able hybridist

or

some other enthusiast will work among the white Lilies. The orange yellows, in the croceum andMartagon groups, are already so numerous, and to

the unlearned amateur so confusing, that the bestthat

can be done with themself

is

to derive

if

possible

bold flowers ofseries

colouring rather than a merelinksIt

of

connecting

between

species

of

secondary importance.that

shouldis

be rememberedbeautiful flowers

what

is

wanted

in a

garden

rather than

many

different kinds of flowers.is

Many

a possibly lovely garden

ruined by too great a

mixture, and could only be redeemed by the practice

A HYBRID LILY: I'.IRRYITliucincites

-^

PAR DALINUM. DEEP ORANGF.Rniitdliy

(Flowers

ucmss.

an Amateur.

lALlUM DAL/I. INSONI A HYBRID OF AIARTAGON DALMATICUM:

AND HANSONL FLOWERS ORANGE LROWN

{Tiao inches across.)

HYBRID LILIESof severe restraint in theto

67

number

of kinds of things

be seen

at

one glance.at

A good

hybrid Lily has been raisedof a

Kew, namedbuff colour

L, Kezvense, the progeny of L. Henryi and a fine

form of L. Brownii.

It

is

creamy

turning nearly white, in general appearance something like a small auratuvi.

Aof

hybridist

who

could get the grand substance

of the tender Indian Lilies into

hardy garden plants

good constitution would indeed be a benefactor

to horticulture.

CHAPTER XIXTHE LILY DISEASEThereis'

one disappointment that growersfor,is

of Lilies

must occasionally be prepareddisease, often taking a

namely, the Lily

form that

known

as "spot."

In

some

cases spots of

leaves, in others

brown decay appear on the decay seizes some part of the halfifit

grown stemajet

as well, as

had been subjectedfalls

to

of

scalding

steam, and the stem

over.

Sometimes an almost full-grown stem is attacked at a late stage of its growth and it is able to open one or two flowers, which present a miserable appearance, crowning the whole stem-length ofdecaying rags of leaves and blemishedstalk.

Eviis

dence from the best amateurs shows that disease

much more

prevalent

in

imported bulbs thanattacks.is

in

those that are

home grown, and

that are thereforeits

stronger and better able to resistIn the

matter of disease Lilium candidumits

as

mysterious as in

other ways

;

for

one year

a

wholewill

rowbe

will

be in perfect beauty and the next theyIts

all

infected.

near

relative, testacemn, is

also

commonlyauratumis

subject

to

disease,

and

of

other

Lilies

one

of the

most frequent68

sufferers.

When

the disease appears in candidum

some growers

THE LILYattributeit

DISEASEThe

69

to

want

ofat

proper drainage and thereforethe root.best growers

stagnant moisture

agree in saying that this grand Lily vnist have gooddrainage, and most ofposure.disease in

them advocate a warm

ex-

We

do not know whether it suffers from Italy, where it grows so luxuriantly.

writer

With regard to " spot " in auratiiin, the present was much struck last year by the fact that among some Lilies among Rhododendrons "spot"appeared amongthatall that were in sun, while those were shaded escaped. The thought occurred whether it was possible that it was in this case not

a

disease

originating

in

the

plant

itself

but

the

direct burning action of

the sun intensified by the

lensof

form

of drops of wet.it

There was no question

frost

as

wasa

in

very hot weather, about the

same time when

good many people noticed that leaves of all kinds were burnt and decayed very quickly when a wet dead flower had fallen and rotted on them. The existence of disease should make growers all the more careful to do the best they can for their Lilies, for if the plant is in a healthy state we maysafely

assume that

it

will not

be attacked.in

Many columns have appearedthe disfiguring;

The Garden on

and mysterious Lily the subject of no certain preventive or remedy has been illness suggested, but there is strong presumption in favour of the efficacy of spraying with Bordeaux mixture,that

greatis

enemy

of

fungoid attacks

;

for the

Lily

disease

of that nature

and

is

known

to science as

70

LILIES FOR ENGLISHTherecipeis is

GARDENSThein

Botritis cinerca.

given below.

beneficial action of sulphur

well

known

vegetable

as well as animal pathology, as in the treatment of

mildew

in plants

and skin diseases

in animals.

One

observant amateur treated his bulbs after they were

dug up by shaking them up in a paper bag with some flowers of sulphur (sulphur in fine powder)so as to getit

well

in

among

the scales

;

he said

that the next season the plants did well

and showed

no

sign of disease.

Bordeaux MixtureSulphate of copper and fresh quicklime, one poundeach.slake

Dissolve the sulphate in athe

wooden

tub and

lime

in

a

pail

or anything

convenient.

Pour the lime when slaked into the sulphate solution, and add ten gallons of water syringe gently with this mixture, and again a week or ten days later.;

INDEXAcanthus,foliage, 45

Kew,

Indian Liliesin pots, 8

at,

10

Archelirion, 2

Artichoke, 45 Aspidistra with hlies, 42 Aucuba, foliage, 45 Autumn blooming, 18

Lilies

Baker's classification, i ways of growing, 37 Bermuda Lily, 7 Bordeaux mixture, 70Beautiful

Rhododendron beds,20 Lilium Alexandrae, 61, 66 auratum, 3, 19, 38, 42, 44, 57, 58, 62 Batemannias, 28, 50 Brownii, 2, 13, 39, 50, 58 bulbiferum, 26 Burbanki, 62, 66 canadense, 3, 29, 51 ,,in

CalifornianCannas withCardiocrinum,

Lilies, 16,29,30i I

candidum,

2, 10,

44, 58,

Lilies, 41

Classification of Lilies,

62 carniolicum, 33 Catesbasi, 27

Compost, 9 Cut flowers,

Lilies as,

44

,,

chalcedonicum, 3, columbianum, 31concolor, 25, 40 cordifolium, 4 coridion, 25, 40

32, 35

Deep planting,Disease, Lily, 68

60

Double-flowered

Lilies, 18

,,,,

eulirion,

2,

9

croceum, 3, 26, 46 Dalhansoni, 6i davuricum, 27, 51elegans, 27, 40,5

Lilies, 35, 39, 45 Fertilization by Hand, 6 Field mice, 20 Funkia with Lilies, 39, 45

Ferns with

,,

excelsum, 34

eximium

(longiflorum), 7

Fortune! (tigrinum), 19 giganteum, I, 4, 38, 60 grandiflorum (longiflorum), 7

Lilies, 57 Hybrid Lilies, 34, 65

Home-grown

ImportedIsolirion, 3

Lilies, 57

Grayi, 62

Hansoni, 31, 52 Harris! (longiflorum), 7 Henryi, 3, 23

Humboldtu,Japan, L. auratum grown in, 19 Japan, L. longiflorum grownin,

30,

32, 38,

52

.

7

japonicum, 2, 13 Kewense, 67

72Lilium Krameri, 52,58 2,

INDEX14,

39,

42,

Lily disease, 68

Leichtlini, 31, 53

Madonna8,

Lily, 10

longiflorum,

2,

7,

39,

MagnoliaMaize, 45

foliage,

44Lily, 12, 13

42, 44, 53, 58

Lowi,

9, 10,

5831,

Manure60

for

White

Marhan, 66martagon,3,

Martagon

Lily, 3, 31,

60

,,

monadelphum, 32neilgherrense, 9, 10 nepalense, 9, 10

Nankeen

Northolirion,

Lily, 34 3, 36

odorum,

13, 58

pardalinum,

29, 30, 53 25, 40,

Orange Lily, 3 Oriental kinds, 9Pots,Lilies in, 8, 41, 58frost,

Parryi, 16, 54 philadelphicum,

Protection from

63

philippinense,

9,

10

polyphyllum, 33

Red

pomponium,

32, 36

Lily NOPLE, 35

of

Constanti

pyrenaicum, 33 Roezli, 29, 30rubellum, 15, 40, 54 speciosum, 2, 3, 22, 42, 44,45, 55, 58 sulphureum, 9, 10, 58

Replanting white Lily, 12 Rhizomatous roots, 16 Rock-garden, Lilies for, 40

Scarlet Martagon,

35

superbum,55

29,

30,

32,

szovitsianum, 32 tenuifolium, 32, 36, 40,55

Shallow planting, 60 Soils, Lihes for various, 48 Spot, 69 Stem roots, 60 Sub-genera, i, 2, 3Sulphur, 70

.,

testaceum, 34, 65

Swamp27, 40,

Lilies, 30,

38

thunbergianum,51

Tiger Lily,3, 18,

18for,

tigrinum,

46

Town

gardens, Liliesin,

47

umbellatum, 26Wallace!, 17, 56 wallichianum, 9

Tubs, Lilies

39

washingtonianum,55

16,38,7

White Lily, 10 and onward Wisley, Lilies at, 30 Woodland, 4, 35, 38

Wilsoni (longiflorum),