jen allen ethnocultural crop ipm
TRANSCRIPT
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IPM of Ethnocultural Crops
Jennifer AllenVegetable Crop Specialist
OMAFRA - Guelph
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Growing Ethnocultural Crops
If you grow it, they will come…..
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What is IPM?
• IPM incorporates a variety of cultural, biological and chemical methods to efficiently manage pest populations while lowering dependence on chemical means of control.
• IPM, through its multi-tactical approach 1) lessens the potential for pesticide resistance 2) reduces chemical costs 3) limits human exposure to pesticides and 4) lowers the environmental impact of pest management.
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IPM and Ethnocultural Crops
• Wonderful opportunity!
• Limited products registered in Canada
• Focus on cultural controls and allow the build up biological control agents (e.g. natural enemies, predators, and parasitoids)
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Today’s Focus
• Indian Tinda
• Indian Okra
• Indian Karela
• Calalloo
• Choy Sum
• Oriental Eggplant
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Indian Tinda
• Scientific Name: Praecitrullus fistulosus• Common Names: round melon, squash melon,
apple gourd, Indian baby pumpkin
• Plant Family: Cucurbit• Uses: Culinary, Medicinal • Growing Practices: - very similar to
watermelons - irrigation
- pollination- 60 days to maturity
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Indian Tinda
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Indian Tinda
• Pest Complex:
– downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt
– aphids, mites, thrips, cucumber beetles
– weeds
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IPM for Indian Tinda
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation out of cucurbits– avoid planting near other cucurbits
• Biological– support natural populations of lacewings, ladybird
beetles, ground beetles
• Chemical– no registered products in Canada
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Biological Control Agents
Lacewings Ladybird beetles Hover flies Ground beetles
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Indian Okra
• Scientific Name: Abelmoschus esculentus• Common Names: calalou, gumbo, ocra• Plant Family: Mallow• Uses: Culinary, Medicinal, Fiber• Growing Practices: - direct seeding/transplant
- variety of soil types- many varieties;
focus on growing area- 50 days (from
transplant)
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Indian Okra
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Indian Okra
• Pest Complex:
– In Ontario: unknown
– In U.S:
- flea beetles, cucumber beetles, corn earworm, loopers (foliage and pod feeders)
- fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, nematodes
- weeds
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IPM for Indian Okra
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation– do not follow crops that are attractive/susceptible to
root-knot nematode– crop debris management– use of protective coverings
• Chemical– no registered products in Canada
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Indian Karela
• Scientific Name: Momordica charantia• Common Names: bitter melon, bitter cucumber,
balsam pear, alligator pear, cerasse
• Plant Family: Cucurbit• Uses: Culinary and medicinal • Growing Conditions:- warm, humid summers
- transplants- trellising
- irrigation- pollination- 65-70 days from transplant
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Indian Karela
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Indian Karela
• Pest Complex:
– downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt
– aphids, mites, thrips, cucumber beetles
– weeds
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IPM for Indian Karela
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation away from cucurbits– plant away from other cucurbits– trap crops an option for cucumber beetles
• Biological– no specific predators/parasitoids; similar generalists to tinda
• Chemical– use only registered products (herbicide and fungicide)– no established thresholds
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Calaloo
• Scientific Name: Amaranthus gangeticus• Common Names: Chinese spinach, edible
amaranth, bayam• Plant Family: Amaranth• Uses: Culinary, Grain • Growing Conditions: - currently grown in Ontario
- muck and mineral soils - seeded in June- 25-50 days to maturity; variety specific- sequentially planted
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Calaloo
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Calaloo
• Pest Complex:
– tarnished plant bug, flea beetles, leafminers
– fungus stem and leaf blights
– weeds
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IPM for Calaloo
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation– grow under cover
• Biological– generalists (e.g. ground beetle, ladybird beetles etc.)– minimize insecticide applications at beginning of season
• Chemical– no established thresholds – use only registered products
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Choy Sum
• Scientific Name: Brassica rapa var. parachinensis
• Common Names: Flowering white cabbage, tsoi sim, yu choy sum
• Plant Family: Brassicas• Uses: Culinary • Growing Conditions: - currently grown in Ontario
- muck and mineral soils - not frost hardy- 40 days to maturity- sequentially planted
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Choy Sum
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Choy Sum
• Pest Complex:
– anything that likes brassicas, including broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower will feed on choy sum
– caterpillar complex (ICW, DBM, CL), flea beetles, swede midge, thrips
– downy mildew, powdery mildew, alternaria, white rust
– weeds
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IPM for Choy Sum • Cultural
– 3 yr rotation out of brassicas– field selection– crop residue management– good weed management– timing of planting dates (e.g. flea beetle)
• Biological– generalists and some species specific predators/parasitoids – minimize insecticide applications at beginning of season; use
biological insecticides• Chemical
– established thresholds on other brassicas– use only registered products
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Oriental Eggplant
• Scientific Name: Solanum melongena var. esculentum
• Includes: Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Thai
• Plant Family: Solaneceous• Uses: Culinary and medicinal • Growing Conditions: - seeds or transplants -
support systems- drip irrigation/fertigation- mulches- 58-65 days to maturity
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Oriental Eggplant
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Oriental Eggplant
• Pest Complex:
– anthracnose, early blight, verticilium wilt
– Colorado potato beetles, flea beetles, cutworms, tarnished plant bug, European corn borer
– weeds
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IPM for Oriental Eggplant
• Cultural– 3 yr rotation out of solaneaceous crops– place plantings away from previous fields and away from corn– crop debris destruction
• Biological– generalists– minimize insecticide applications
• Chemical– no established thresholds but scouting is critical to pesticide
timing – number of products (see Pub. 363)
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Summary
• Planning is critical for an effective IPM program
• Take cues from how we grow crops in the same family
• Learn as much as you can before you start
• Become good friends with your seed supplier!