jennafer butcher ms, rd/ld, nasm-cpt sodexo @ ou medical ...€¦ · 5 (1) ! diet modifications may...
TRANSCRIPT
Jennafer Butcher MS, RD/LD, NASM-CPT Sodexo @ OU Medical Center Edmond
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� Rheumatoid Arthritis & Nutrition Side Effects � Sjogren’s Syndrome & Nutrition Side Effects � Lupus & Nutrition Side Effects � Scleroderma & Nutrition Side Effects � Anemia
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� Chronic Inflammation that primarily affects the joints
� It is characterized by: ¡ Changes in the synovial membranes
¢ Layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints and related tissue
¡ Atrophy of joints ¡ Osteopenia
¢ Bone mineral density is lower than normal
(1) 3
� Aspirin may be commonly prescribed ¡ Chronic Aspirin use could cause GI bleeds and depletion
of Vitamin C ¢ Take Aspirin with a meal, milk, or antacid could improve side
effects ¢ Vitamin C supplement may be recommended
� Methotrexate may also be prescribed ¡ Folate deficiency could occur secondary to the
immunosuppressive agent methotrexate (MTX)
(1) 4
� Steroids are commonly prescribed ¡ Steroid such as Prednisone could cause decrease in
absorption of calcium ¢ Increasing risk for Osteoporosis (thinning of the bones)
¡ Steroids could also cause edema (swelling) ¢ Low Sodium Diet and or Fluid Restriction may be required
¡ Steroid induced Diabetes may also occur ¢ Diabetic Diet/ Consistent Carb Diet
� Activities of Daily Living (ADL) may be affected ¡ Grocery shopping, food prep, and eating
(1) 5
� Diet modifications may be needed depending on chewing/swallowing abilities if the joints in jaw bone are effected
� Taste changes and dysphagia may occur due to dryness in the nasal and oral cavities
� Anorexia may be present as a side effect of medication ¡ Appetite stimulant may be indicated
(1) 6
� Fatigue and pain may decrease oral food intake
� Elimination and trials may be needed to treat underlying food allergies ¡ Recommend working with a Registered Dietitian
(1) 7
� A Low Fat Diet is NOT recommended � Changing the TYPE of fat in our diet is
recommended ¡ Omega 3 Fatty Acids have an anti-inflammatory
effect ¢ Salmon, mackerel, herring, tuna, some fish oils,
flaxseed, walnuts, soy, and canola oils ¢ Note Fish Oil Supplements may cause increased
bleeding time, GI distress, and fishy taste/ odor
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� The following are complementary therapies that likely need further research but have shown positive effects for RA ¡ Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) ¡ Thunder God Vine ¡ Curcumin – powerful antioxidant in turmeric
which is what give curry it’s yellow color
(1) 9
� Regular aerobic and resistance exercise can improve: ¡ Range of motion ¡ Strength & endurance ¡ Bone mass ¡ Lean body mass ¡ Fatigue ¡ Depression
(1) 10
� 2nd most prevalent autoimmune disorder ¡ WBCs attack the moisture producing glands
� It can occur by itself or with another autoimmune disorder
� It has been estimated that about half of those with Sjogren’s Syndrome have rheumatoid arthritis as well
(1, 2) 11
� Xerostomia (dryness of mouth) ¡ Increased risk for:
¢ tooth decay, gingivitis, and difficulty chewing/swallowing ¢ Ways to reduce the risk of dental decay:
� Rinse mouth frequently with water � Brush teeth often � Topical fluorides � Limit sugary foods
¡ May consider lemon drops, lemon or lime in water, and squeezing lemon or lime on food to perk up saliva glands
¡ Artificial saliva & prescription mouthwashes, sprays, and gels may be helpful
� Avoid mouthwashes with alcohol
¡ Limiting caffeine and alcohol ¡ Chew sugar free gum
(1,2) 12
� Lack of appetite ¡ Eating multiple small meals/day may improve appetite
� Weight loss ¡ Increasing calories and protein without increase quantity
¢ “More bang for your buck”
� Fatigue ¡ Family member or friends may need to assist with food
prep if possible ¡ Cook in big quantities when you do feel good and freeze
for easy prep days when your feeling very fatigued ¡ Assure adequate intake of B vitamins ¡ Make sure you have adequate levels of Vitamin D ¡ Establish a healthy sleep pattern
(1, 2) 13
� Difficulty chewing/swallowing ¡ May consider a referral to a Speech Language
Pathologist ¡ Soft moist foods are general best ¡ Avoid hard breads, sticky foods such as candy,
and raw fruits/ veggies ¡ Meats may need to be chopped or ground with
gravy
� Anemia – will be discussed later in presentation
(1, 2) 14
� Reflux ¡ Elevate head of bed > 45 degrees ¡ Do not eat with in 3 hours before bedtime ¡ Aim for a healthy body weight ¡ Avoid spicy, fatty (fried), and acidic foods ¡ Limit caffeine ¡ Stop smoking ¡ Depending on personal tolerance, may avoid
chocolate, tomato juice, and alcohol ¡ Avoid exercise until 2 hours after a meal
� Constipation- increase fluid and fiber intake
(2) 15
� Avoidance of possible food allergens or intolerances
� Omega-three fatty acid supplementation � Anti-Inflammatory Diet
¡ Variety of fresh fruits and vegetables ¢ Eat the Rainbow!!
¡ Whole grains ¡ Lean proteins ¡ Adequate fiber (up to 25g/day as tolerated) ¡ Sufficient fluid intake ¡ Low fat cooking methods yet focusing on un-saturated
fats ¡ Celiac Disease is a common diagnosis with Sjogren’s
¢ Gluten Free Diet
(2) 16
� Iron Deficiency – iron supplement is usually needed ¡ Foods high in Iron is discussed later
� B12 Deficiency – B12 supplement may be needed ¡ Food high in B12: liver, salmon, sardines, and
most ready to eat cereals
� Folate Deficiency – folate supplement may be needed ¡ Food high in Folate: fortified cereals and rice
(1) 17
� ~25% of those with Lupus develop Sjogren’s � No specific dietary approach at this time
¡ Tailored diet modifications may be needed depending on the person’s medication side effects and Lupus complications ¢ Renal Complications
� Possible things to monitor: protein, fluid, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus intake
¢ Sodium and Fluid Restriction secondary to steroid medication
¢ Anemia ¢ Low Saturated Fat Diet recommend but more research
needed � Limit full fat dairy products, butter, lard, meat fat,
poultry skins , palm oil, coconut oil, shortening
(1, 3) 18
� Fats: limit saturated fat & Omega 6 Fatty Acids ¡ Omega 6 Fatty Acids: safflower, sunflower oil, poppy
seed oil, and corn oil
� Vitamin E, Vitamin A, & Selenium: ¡ all have anti-inflammatory properties
� Vitamin C: antioxidant ¡ Citrus fruits, tomatoes, broccoli, strawberries,
cantaloupe, cabbage, and green peppers
� Vitamin B6:eat balanced diet with adequate B6 ¡ Whole grains, fish, poultry, meat, bananas, nuts,
avocados, green beans, potatoes, and green leafy veggies
(3) 19
� Iron: maintain iron levels ¡ Meat, poultry, eggs, liver, cream of wheat, beans,
prunes, apricots, green peas, enriched breads/cereals � Fish Oils: supplement or food sources � Bromelain: found in pineapple and is a newly
researched area for Lupus � Calcium & Vitamin D: supplement recommended
for anyone one taking a steroid � Heart Healthy Diet: those with Lupus are at
increased risk for early and aggressive heart disease
� DHEA Supplements: studies have not yet proven the safety and effectiveness of this hormone but are on-going
(3) 20
� Deposits fibrous connective tissue in the skin and visceral organs ¡ Including GI tract ¡ Raynaud’s can occur which is stiffness or coldness
in the extremities such as your hands ¢ This may cause difficulty with food prep
� Sjogren’s is often present with Scleroderma � GI side effects of Scleroderma:
¡ Heartburn, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss
¡ Malabsorption may also occur
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� Common problem with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
� Anemia means you have low levels of hemoglobin ¡ Hemoglobin carries oxygen to all parts of your
body ¢ If you are anemic, then your body is not getting
adequate oxygen throughout your body � Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain,
dizziness
(4) 22
� Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) vs Iron- deficiency Anemia (IDA) ¡ Depending on the root cause of the anemia such
as a chronic disease verses inadequate iron intake, an iron supplement may or may not help
� A well balanced diet may aid in those with anemia from chronic disease
� Good Sources of Iron: beef, liver, veal, clams, sardines, shrimp, bran flakes, cream of wheat, baked potato with skin, beans (kidney, lentils, lima, navy)
(4, 5 ) 23
� Focus on an overall balanced diet when dealing with an inflammatory disease
� Consult a Registered Dietitian to aid in managing side effects of medication and other medical conditions
� Communicate with your physician about vitamin and mineral supplementation that may be needed
� Talk to your physician first before taking any herbal supplement
� May consider elimination diets to rule out any allergies ¡ Consult a Registered Dietitian
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� Contact Information: ¡ Jennafer Butcher MS, RD/LD, NASM-CPT
¢ Clinical Nutrition Manager & Out-Patient Dietitian ¢ Sodexo @ OU Medical Center Edmond
� 1S Bryant Ave Edmond, OK 73034 ¢ Phone: 405-844-5719 ¢ Email: [email protected]
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� (1) Mahan, L. Kathleen, and Sylvia Escott-Stump. "Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disorders." Krause's Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2004. 1121-1142. Print.
� (2) Cook, RD, Sarah. "Sjogren's Syndrome: What You Need to Know." Http://www.nutrition411.com. Nutrition411.com, 1 July 2013. Web. 26 Aug. 2014.
� (3) “Lupus Professional Refresher”. Http://www.nutrition411.com. Nutrition411.com, 1 Feb. 2010. Web. 26 Aug. 2014.
� (4) “Anemia of Chronic and Inflammatory Disease: What you need to know.” Http://www.nutrition411.com. Nutrition411.com, 1 Aug. 2012. Web. 26 Aug. 2014.
� (5) “Anemia of Chronic and Inflammatory Disease (ACD)." Http://www.nutrition411.com. Nutrition411.com, 1 Aug. 2012. Web. 26 Aug. 2014.
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