Pupil’s Box

Semster 6th, 2010

&RXUVH� � %DFKHORU·V�7KHVLV��

Team Jens Olsbjerg Larsen Julie Feit Almberg Advisor Yutaka Yoshinaka

Collaborator UNICEF Supply Division

For quiet some time the personnel at UNICEF Supply Division in Copenhagen had had the ambition turning the pack-aging wrapped around their emergency aid into emergency aid itself. The goal for our bachelor project was to come up with an innovative design proposal for KRZ�81,&()·V�SDFNDJLQJ�FDQ�EH�XVHG�focused in the context of education. 2XU�DQDO\VLV�SKDVH�EURXJKW�XV�WR�ÀHOG-work at alternative schools, day care centres for kids, and aid organisations and our conceptualisation phase em-braced the educational aspects of bet-ter hygiene, play, motor skills and con-ventional subjects as math and science. 7KH�ÀQDO� FRQFHSW�EHFDPH�3XSLO·V�%R[��The idea with this very concept is to make a multifunctional packaging box that contains school equipment for one pupil and through transformation turns into a stool used in class in e.g. disas-ter struck areas where schools are torn down.

packaging as emergency aid

users &

stakeholders

education

packaging lifecycle

packaging

emergency aid

UNICEF packaging

ROECIiCASINM�OQACSICE

Perception diversity

of Packaging

ISO standards

aid

organisations

primary aid

recipients

kids

secondary

aid recipients

UNICEF

personnel

hygine

play

language

OQNiCIEMCX

math

science

motorik

surrounding

community

Analysis

8 Concept Ideas

Pupil’s Box is meant to be used as temporary aid in situations like catastrophes, where the infrastructure has been ruined and a rebuilding process is in progress.The idea with Pupil’s Box is that it serves as packaging for education equipment for one pupil during the distri-bution of relief aid. After the aid reception it’s the idea that the packaging made of corrugated cardboard can be transformed into a useful stool in different educational contexts.By sitting on a stool the pu-pil will sit in a better position where the thighs can substi-

tute the desktop that is ab-sent Additionally by being elevated the pupil will be pro-tected against illness caused by the cold and humid ground which the pupil otherwise sits on during class. The outer linerboard of the box is uniform without any cuts. Thereby the content will stay safe and sure. Black and blue prints have been added and function as colour guid-ance for the pupil. The inner linerboard has cuts but these are only halfway cuts that en-able the pupil to despatch the parts needed in order to transform the box into a stool.

Pupil’s box - more than packaging

119,15

138,32

169,63

179,21

69,9

76,01 76 75,99

Multifunctional Packaging Stool for pupils Building material and fuel

· 405 boxes per pallet · 4455 boxes per container

Pupil’s Box is dimensioned in relation to the content and the size of ISO pallets and containers. Thereby the transportation costs are being reduced

Numbers The Pupil should be able to transform Pupil’s Box from a packaging box into a stool by using the color guidance printed on the outer linerboard. Further-more there will be an en-closed manual with pic-tograms that illustrates a stepwise transformation from box to stool.

Because Pupil’s Box is made entirely of corrugat-ed cardboard it can be re-used in households as in-sulation. Otherwise it can be disposaled as fuel. If neither of these scenarios take place Pupil’s Box will degrade naturally.

INNOBYG

Semester 1st, 2007

Course User-oriented design

Team Christina Jensen Jens Olsbjerg Larsen Pernille Rahbek Simonsen Rune Schostag Nielsen Trygve Aabye Dam

Interfaces

Building blocks

Applied Methodology

· Observation· Interview. Roll the snowball· Follow the actor· Scot analysis Actor-network Theory Interpretative Flexibility Relevant Social Groups· Sketching· Mock-ups· Poster design

Deck building blockpost wall building block

Construct Your Own Playground

The task was simple: Make a play playground equipment for Danish playgrounds. Be-ing inexperienced 1st semes-ter students one of the main learning objectives was to gain experience with being in WKH� ÀHOG�� FRQGXFWLQJ� REVHU-vation, interviews and under-standing the user context and actors of relevance.The data aggregated from WKH�ÀHOG�OHG�WR�WKUHH�FRQFHSWV�where the building block con-cept called InnoByg became WKH� FKRVHQ� FRQFHSW� IRU� ÀQDO�detailing. The main idea and strength of the concept was to let the kids contrive and build their own play equipment as they imagine it. In order to make this fun and effective,

our biggest challenge was to make the building blocks light and easy to put together. The safety of the kids was a big is-sue as well. Our solution be-came a special underlayment with a soft mat on top which has a pattern of holes inte-grated. In these holes, posts extruded from aluminium can be placed and aligned in such a way that building blocks can slide down vertically in slide-ways of the posts. Having these blocks in place other blocks can be placed on top to consist a deck. By this prin-ciple of construction the kids should be able to design their own playground.

“The perspective of having an addi-tional range of building blocks to ex-pand the possibilities for construction play was pitched as well.”

LI

Semester 2nd, 2008

Course Product analysis and redesign

Team Jens Olsbjerg Larsen Julie Feit Almberg Kia Handler Krøjgaard Kim Christian Thomsen Martin Løkkegaard

Collaborator DSB (Danish State Railways)

Applied methodology

· Creative methods Brainstorming Brainwriting Analigies Synectics procedure Enlarge the search space· Work sheets

· Objectives tree method· Function analysis methodÃ�3HUIRUPDQFH�VSHFLÀFDWLRQ· Project planning· MorphologyÃ�3XJK·V�0HWKRG· Weighted objectives method

This extensive project embraced the SDVVHQJHU·V� H[SHULHQFH� RI� WUDYHOLQJ�ZLWK�'6%·V�,QWHU&LW\�WUDLQ��,&���IRFXV-ing on a cleaner passenger experi-ence of the train interior. Besides gaining user insights a tour ZDV� DUUDQJHG� DW� '6%·V� SUHSDUDWLRQ�and cleaning centre in Kastrup and the DSB workshop in Århus. This gave us unique insights in the work practice of cleaning and maintaining the current interior.From an educational perspective, fo-cus was to apply creative methods to expand the space of ideas and as-sessing the concepts through a num-ber of selection methods. 7KH�ÀQDO�FRQFHSW�LQFOXGHV�D�UHGHVLJQ�of the existing panel placed in front of the passenger and the passenger seat itself. Overall, the idea is to let

ÀOWK�DQG�ZDVWH�DZD\�IURP�YLVLEOH�VXU-faces as the folding table and seating, which the passenger touches. Instead the bread crumbs and empty juice ER[HV�ZLOO�HQG�RQ�WKH�ÁRRU��ZKHUH�LW�LV�less visible for the passenger and ac-cessible for the service and cleaning staff. The table has been redesigned as well and consists of three hoops that can be folded down individually. 'HVSLWH�D�VLJQLÀFDQW�UHGXFWLRQ�RI�WKH�table top, a laptop will still be able WR� ÀW� ZKHQ� WKH� RXWHU� KRRS� LV� IROGHG�down. Additionally the bin bag placed underneath the table will be more ap-parent for the passenger because of the more transparent design of the new folding table. As a new item a container for newspaper is included in the new front panel as well.

A Clearner Experience for the passenger

e-paperSemester 5th, 2009

Course Product service systems

Team Andreas Østergaard Ohrt Henrik Dam Rasmussen Jens Olsbjerg Larsen Kamilla Grove Sørensen Mette Ege Gade Maagensen

Applied Methodology

· Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) Functional unit MECO method· Activity Modelling Cycle (AMC)· Scenarios/Pathways· Backcasting· Compose an ADFM report· Actor network

Smashing the Printer

for the method of MECO

I denne fase bruger printeren strøm. Desuden bruges store mængder papir og toner. Produktion af papir tærer på mængden af træer. Brugen er i høj grad præget at brugernes brugsvaner, og HP har begrænset HOOHU�LQJHQ�LQGÀ\GHOVH�Sn�GLVVH�YDQHU��

Miljøeffekter:Lokal: Luftforurening (arbejdsmiljø); Affald��Global: Tab af ressourcer��

BortskaffelseBrugDistibutionProduktionRåstofudvinding

Produktlivsgalleri - HP LaserJet 2200

Funktionel enhedFunktion: Printer teskt- og billeddokumenter fra computerprogrammer i sort/hvid på A4 papir.Max. antal A4-print i minuttet: 18Kvalitet: 1200 x 1200 dpi ved 18 print/minutLevetid: 5 år

Hvor: Kontor i Danmark Brugere: 20 ansatte på et kontor.

Pligtegenskaber� .DQ�LQGHKROGH�$��SDSLU�� .DQ�SULQWH�HW�GRNXPHQW�L�$��VW¡UUHOVH��VRUW�Sn�KYLGW��YHG� tilkombling til en computer� 0DQ�VNDO�NXQQH�VNLIWH�WRQHUHQ�QnU�GHQQH�O¡EHU�W¡U� .DQ�RSNREOHV�WLO�HW�QHWY UN

Positioneringsegenskaber� .DQ�SULQWH�Sn�EHJJH�VLGHU�� ,QGVWLOOLQJ�DI�SULQWHURSV WQLQJ�WLO�ÀHUH�VLGHU�Sn�HW�SDSLU� )RUVNHOOLJH�VW¡UUHOVHU�SDSLU� )RUVNHOOLJH�W\SHU�SDSLU� 3ULQWH�L�IDUYHU� /DYW�HQHUJLIRUEUXJ�YHG�SULQW�RJ�VWDQGE\� .DQ�SULQWH�PDQJH�VLGHU�������SU��PLQXW

Yderligere data for valgte scenarie:Antal print pr. dag: 20 ansatte x 30 prints = 600 printsAntal print pr. år: 600 prints x 225 arb.dage = 135.000 printsEnergieffekt ved print: 400 W(QHUJLHIIHNW�YHG�VWDQGE\�����:�(U�DOGULJ�VOXNNHW��VWnU�Sn�VWDQGE\��QnU�GHQ�LNNH�SULQWHU��7LG�EUXJW�Sn�DW�SULQWH�SU��GDJ������VLGHU����VLGHU�PLQXW�����VHN�

opvarmning pr. print = 63 minutter

Papir

TonerProduktlivscyklusEnergiJernmalmRåolieKemikalier

EnergiStålPlastKemikalier

Energi PapPlast

Energi (Strøm)PapirToner patronerReservedele

Energi

Activity Modelling Cycle

Ud fra den opstillede AMC, kan det ses at brugeren ikke har meget direk-te kontakt med HP, men ofte er det gennem HP’s net-værk, fx distributøren.Desuden ses det at der er mange steder i brugsfasen hvor brugeren selv står for at fx. skifte toner, papir o.lign, og her kan der være svært at bestemme hvordan produktets miljøeffekter bliver, med fx papir, tonerskift o.lign ift. genbrug osv.

Papir

IND: træ, kemikalier, energiUD: CO2, NOx, SO2, Papir til genbrug/afbrænding

Papir bliver lavet af cellulose fra træer. I fremstillingsprocessen af papirmassen bruges kemikalier, bl.a. klor til blegning. Den samlede energibelastning (embodied HQHUJ\��HU����0-�NJ�SDSLU�

Ved print af 30x20=600 print om dagen, hvoraf halvdelen er duplex, bliver dette til et papirforbrug på 450 ark papir om dagen. Ved 225 arbejdsdage om året i 5 år, bliver papirforbruget over printerens levetid til 500.000 ark papir. For 80g/m2 papir svarer dette til 2.500 kg.

Den samlede energibelastning for papiret bliver 92.000 MJ.

Ved at genbruge papiret spares 10 MJ/kg papir i forhold WLO�IUHPVWLOOLQJ�DI�Q\W�SDSLU��Forudsættes at alt papiret bliver genbrugt er den samlede energibelastning 67.000 MJ. Ved genbrug af papir skånes verdens træer.

Ved afbrænding af papir i Danmark, omsættes papiret til elektricitet og varme.

Krydsende Livscyklus

Toner

.U\GVHQGH�OLYVF\NOXV��721(5�PATRON:IND: Olie, Jernomalm, StålUD: CO2, NOx, SO2

Tonerpulver består af MHUQR[LG�RJ�VW\UHQH�DNU\O�FRSRO\PHU��&KDVVLVHW�EHVWnU�af plast og stål. Den samlede energibelastning (embodied HQHUJ\��IRU�HQ�WRQHUSDWURQ�HU�205 MJ

Levetid for en tonerpatron er 5000 prints ved 5% dækning. Over printerens 5-årige levetid, med 600x225x5=675.000 prints, forbruges i alt 135 tonerpatroner.

Den samlede energibelastning for tonerpatronerne bliver 28.000 MJ.

Ved bortskaffelse af tonerpatroner i Danmark, knuses patronen, metallet frasorteres og plasten granuleres til deponi eller i bedste tilfælde afbrænding.

IntroduktionDette produktlivsgalleri illustrerer OLYVF\NOXVVHQ�IRU�+3�ODVHUSULQWHUHQ�LaserJet 2200, som den tager sig ud L�GDJ��8G�IUD�HQ�U NNH�PLOM¡DQDO\-tiske produktlivsmodeller vil laser-printerens væsentligste miljøeffekter NXQQH�DÀ VHV�RJ�VNDEH�JUREXQG�i videre projektarbejde, hvor kon-cepter for radikale miljømæssige forbedringer skal udvikles.

Vi har valgt et brugsscenarie, hvor printeren bliver brugt i et kontormijø med 20 ansatte.

Her produceres og samles de enkelte komponenter af printeren. Komponenterne kommer bl.a. fra

underleverandørerProduktionen er primært støbning af plast, klipning og bukning af stålplader samt fremstilling af elektronik. Desuden er der en del restmateriale

Miljøeffekter:Global: Udslip af drivhusgasser��Regional / Lokal: Kemikalieudslip��Lokal: Arbejdsmiljø, Affald��

I denne fase kommer printeren i bedste tilfælde til elektronik affald. Metaller frasorteres så vidt

PXOLJW�WLO�JHQEUXJ��'HWWH�EHW\GHU�DW�GHU�DOW�L�alt er mindre tab af ressourcer end antaget under materialeudvinding. Plast brændes eller deponeres. Fra afbrænding produceres el og varme.

Miljøeffekter:Lokal: Affald��

%U\GQLQJ�af malm

Udvinding af råolie

Fremstilling af råjern

Fremstilling af stål

Fremstilling af plast-granulat

5DI¿QHULQJ

Fremstilling af kompo-nenter

Montering af kompo-nenter

Emballering af printere

Global dis-tribution

Regional distribution

Brug af printer

Genbrug af printer

Affalds-sortering

som elskrot

Indsamling af elskrot

Adskillelse af printer

Kværning og

sortering

Granulat til deponi

Skrotte-fraktioner

Bortkaste produkt

Sekvensmodel over forløbet

Grossist

Genbrugsstation

Bruger

Papirproducent

El-værk

FabrikKina

HPDanmark Reparatør

,QIRUPDWLRQVÀRZ3HQJHÀRZ0DWHULDOÀRZ

ProducentHP

Andreas Østergaard Ohrt - s072026Henrik Dam Rasmussen - s072016Jens Olsberg Larsen - s072027Kamilla Grove Sørensen - s072013Mette Ege Gade Maagensen - s072022

Genbrug af materialer

Brug af knappe ressourcer:Lav genanvendelse

Forkertbortskaffelse

Designaf printer Pakning

Valg afproduktions-

lokation

Energikrævende distribution:Transport over store afstande

Optimering af vægt og størrelse

Brugsvaner

Højt el-forbrug i brugsfasen:Højt passivt forbrug

Designaf printer

Indstilling af VWDQGE\-tid

Opsætning til duplexBrugernes miljøfokus6RIWZDUH�

udvikling

Uoptimal papirbrug:Manglende brug af duplex

Fragtskib Container

Diesel/OlieEnergiforbrug, emission(CO2, svovloxid, kvæl-VWRI¿OWHU�

Globaldistribution

Fabriksme-darbejdere

Samlebånd/div. værktøjer

DeleEnergiforbrug, spilmateriale, fejl,

Samling af Printer

Bruger Printer

Papir, toner

Emission (ozon, VW\UHQ�PP����(Q-ergiforbrug, pa-pirforbrug

Print på papir

Medarbejdere fra DCR

Kværne og sor-teringsanlæg

Elektricitetet

Energiforbrug, af-fald til deponi, genanvendeligt materiale

Adskillelse af printer

Stålværk Calciumoxid/dioxigen

Jernmalm/genbrugsjern Energiforbrug,

slagge, car-bonoxid, svov-loxid

Ståludvinding

CO2SO2NOx

I denne fase bliver materialerne til printeren udvundet. Metalmalm og olie er knappe ressourcer.

Miljøeffekter: Global: Tab af ressourcer; Udslip ��af drivhusgasserLokal: Udslip af kemikalier��

Her bliver printeren pakket og transporteret med skib fra Kina til Europa. Yderligere bliver den transporteret med lastbil og varevogn til rette destination. Printeren bliver bl.a. solgt fra detailhandler. Energiforbruget for transport er 19 MJ pr. printer. �,�0(.$�DQDO\VHQ�HU�GHWWH�PHGUHJQHW�XQGHU�produktion)

Miljøeffekter:Global: Udslip af drivhusgasser��Lokal: Affald��

Møder+HU�VHV�HW�XGYDOJ�DI�GH�P¡GHU��VRP�¿QGHU�VWHG�XQGHU�SULQWHUHQV�OLYVIRUO¡E��9HG�P¡GHW�PHOOHP�DNW¡U��SURGXNW�RJ�V\VWHP�RSVWnU�effekter hvoraf nogle er miljømæssige. Mødet gør opmærksom på effekten men viser ikke størrelsen og konsekvensen ved miljøeffekterne.

DisponeringerVed brug af disponeringer kan den egentlige fastsættelse af miljøeffekterne fra et givent møde ¿QGHV��)DVWV WWHOVHQ�NDQ�VNH�L�HQ�DQGHQ�IDVH��HQG�hvor effekten opstår.

MEKA-analysen)UD�0(.$�DQDO\VHQ�VHV�W\GHOLJW�GHQ�HQRUPH�EHW\GQLQJ�DI�SDSLU��og tonerforbrug, der udgør 97% af energiforbruget i brugsfasen. Hvis der ses bort fra dette forbrug er det stadig i brugsfasen den største del af energiforbruget ¿QGHU�VWHG��,�O¡EHW�DI�GH���nU�KDU�printeren haft et elforbrug på ca. 1000 kWh. I bortskaffelsesfasen genvindes en del af den energi (40%) og materiale (33%), som blev brugt i udvindingen af de brugte materialer.

Konklusion,�0(.$�DQDO\VHQ�NRP�GHW�IUHP�DW�FD������DI�GHW�VDPOHGH�HQHUJLIRUEUXJ�IRU�KHOH�SULQWHUHQV�OLYVF\NOXV�VWDPPHU�IUD�IRUEUXJHW�af toner og papir. Selve printeren udgør således en relativ lille del af GHQ�VDPOHGH�PLOM¡EHODVWQLQJ�IRU�V\VWHPHW��,�O¡EHW�DI�GHQV�OLYVWLG�Sn�5 år har printeren brugt under 1000 kWh, svarende til en elregning på knap 400 kr.

AMC’en viste at HP i form af sit netværk kun har en indirekte LQGÀ\GHOVH�Sn�EUXJVIDVHQ��,�IRUKROG�WLO�GHUHV�JU¡QQH�SUR¿O�IUDO JJHU�+3�VLJ�KHU�DQVYDUHW��KYRU�GH�VWRUH�PLOM¡HIIHNWHU�QHWRS�EH¿QGHU�VLJ�

Ud fra disponeringerne blev det klart hvor miljøeffekterne i YLUNHOLJKHGHQ�HU�IDVWODJW�L�SULQWHUHQV�OLYVF\NOXV��)�HNV��NXQQH�GHW�K¡MH�EUXJ�L�EUXJVIDVHQ�IRUE\JJHV�YHG�SDSLU��RJ�HQHUJLVSDUHQGH�VWDQGDUGLQGVWLOOLQJHU�L�SULQWHUHQV�VRIWZDUH�

Aktørnetværk$NW¡UQHWY UNHW�V\QOLJJ¡U�HQ�række vigtige pointer: Efter printeren er solgt, har hverken producent eller distributør interesse i forbruget af papir og HQHUJL��'HW�VN\OGHV��DW�GH�KYHUNHQ�har indtægter eller udgifter her. Dette er medvirkende til, at miljøbelastningen er højest i brugsfasen. I det europæiske WEEE-direktiv er det bestemt, at det er importørens (her HP Danmark)

ansvar, at elektronik-skrot håndteres miljømæssigt forsvarligt. Derfor betaler importøren penge for at produktet bliver genbrugt og deponeret. Der foregår dog en del ulovlig eksport af elektronik affald til ulande. Dette er PDUNHUHW�PHG�HW�O\Q�PHOOHP�distributør og genbrugsstation. Vi ved dog ikke, om dette sker for vores HP-printer.

CO2NOxKemikalieaffald Fast affaldRestmaterialer

CO2NOxEnergi (varme)Fast affald

Fast affaldCO2Dampe �2]RQ��6W\UHQ�Varme

Energi (El, Varme)Metal til genbrugSlagge (til deponi)

M

E

K

A

2OLH������NJ�§������P356WnO������NJ�§������P35

Plastik: 616 MJStål: 160 MJElektronik: 214 MJTotal: 990 MJ

30% af materiale: 300 MJTransport: 20 MJTotal: 320 MJ

Toner: 135 stk �������§�2OLH������P35�������§�6WnO�������P35Elforbrug: 2800 MJPapir: 67.000 MJToner: 28.000 MJTotal: 97.800 MJ

Udslip af små mængder R]RQ�RJ�VW\UHQ

Forringet indeklima

6WnO��������NJ�§�������P35

Forbrænding af plast: -230 MJGenbrug af stål: -160 MJTotal: -390 MJ

Råstofudvinding Produktion Brug Bortskaffelse

Energiforbrug i brugsfasen

Elforbrug4%

Papir68%

Toner28%

Energiforbrugekskl. forbrug af papir og toner

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Materialer Produktion Brug Bortskaffelse

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Energiforbruginkl. forbrug af papir og toner

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Materialer Produktion Brug Bortskaffelse

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42050 Produkt/Service-Systemer E09Design & Innovation, DTU

Vejledere: Tim C. McAlooneErik Hagelskjær LauritsenAnders Askhøj

7KLV�SURMHFW�ZDV�WZRIROG��WKH�ÀUVW�WDVN�ZDV�to make a life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the HP laser printer, Laserjet 2200, and secondly design a product service system, which in a future perspective could be ap-plied as a substitute for the conventional printer used at DTU.The MECO method showed that the con-sumption of paper and toner during the use phase accounts for 95% of the total energy consumption throughout the entire life cycle of the printer. Further analysis of the actor network and AMC related to the printer showed additionally that HP as the PDQXIDFWXUH� GRHVQ·W� KDYH� DQ\� LQÁXHQFH�RQ� WKH� VLJQLÀFDQW� HQYLURQPHQWDO� LPSDFWV�caused during the very use phase. e-paper became the name of our design proposal of a future substitute for the con-ventional printer. By having a touch sen-sitive interface and WiFi connection this device should be a substitute for the stu-GHQW·V� XVH� RI� SDSHU�� 6FLHQWLÀF� OLWHUDWXUH�can be bought and read directly on the de-vice, and notes can be written with a pen. The intranet of the university is incorporate so that course announcement and docu-ments can be displayed - even uploads of assignments are possible. This solution is not only a win situation for the student that by leasing the e-paper e.g. can buy e-books for half the price. DTU will annually save 1.6 m kr. by cutback on paper, toner and electricity caused by printing.

Behov opstår

Bortskaffelse

-i stykker

-sælges videre

Leveres tilbage

til DTU

Marked undersøges

Køber DTUs e-paper

e-paper sættes op

Tænd/sluk

bruges, læser

skriver, slides, bøger

Går i stykker

Reperation

DTU

HP

ELev

Andre

LCA and future propasal

Activity Modelling Cycle Actor network

“The future substitute for printing as we imagine it”

Solenoid Valves

Semster 8th, 2011

Course Technology platforms and architectures

Team Jens Olsbjerg Larsen Sebastian Krumhausen

Collaborator Danfoss

First part of this project was to make an analysis of the existing product programme of Danfoss Solenoid Valves, and identify im-provement areas and goals for the future with regard to the existing assortment. In practice this was done by (1) analysing the existing market and the market demands, (2) devis-ing a so called Product Family Master Plan (PFMP), which consists of customer, engi-QHHULQJ��DQG�WKLUGO\�D�SDUW�YLHZ������/DVW�EXW�not least a map of the supply chain including VXSSOLHUV�� IDFWRULHV�� DQG� ÁRZ� RI� JRRGV� ZDV�conducted. With the analytic work done va-riety, commonality, relations, and constraints related to the existing product family was LGHQWLÀHG�� ZKLFK� EHFDPH� WKH� EDVLV� IRU� WKH�new design proposal.The main goals for the new proposal were to reduce cost and time-to-market while improv-ing the quality of the product. If features and YDULHW\� GLGQ·W� FRQWULEXWH� WR� DFKLHYLQJ� WKHVH�goals they were simply left out. This resulted in a simpler product family with an increased number of standards decreasing the vari-HW\�RI�SDUWV�VLJQLÀFDQWO\���H�J��WKH�QXPEHU�RI�valve houses is reduced from 19 to just 7. By UHGXFLQJ�WKH�YDULDQFH�WKH�SURGXFWLRQ�ÁRZ�EH-came standardised resulting in less changeo-vers and shorter time-to-market. Valve types, which had low demand and types that could be substituted with other types of valves with-in the product family were abolished. In re-turn Danfoss will be able to compete on price and delivery time for the new assortment.

MAKING IT MORE SIMPLE

Low High-end 2.3, 3.3 1 ANO/NC

B C DNO/NC

E F GNO/NC

Direct

Medium Low-end / High-end

6, 10, 14 3Servo

High High-end 6, 10, 14, 15

3Indirect

Capacity Performance

/ price

Nozzle

size

# Houses # TypesInitial

State

Type

The new Sortiment

Indirect servo

Servo

Direct

Medium

Customer View

Type

Temperature range

Max working Pressure (MWP)

Differential Pressure

Connections

Type

Diameter

Number of

Capacity (Kv)

Fixing

Actuator size

Packing

Initial state

Tool interface

Air

Fluid

NO

NC

12 pack

16 pack

24 pack

30 pack

50 pack

0,16

0,27

0,56

0,8

1,12

1,9

2,6

None

Hexagon interface

1/2 in

1/4 in

1/8 in

16 mm

12 mm

10 mm

6 mm

5/8 in

2

3

Flare

Solder

Threat

9 mm

13,5 mm

34,5 bar

35 bar

36 bar

45 bar

32 bar

0,3 - 16 bar

0 - 30 bar

0 - 8 bar

0,1 - 20 bar

0,3 - 10 bar

None

Hole for mounting

-40 - 105 °C

-10 - 100 °C

-30 - 100 °C

-10 - 80 °C

Connections

Number of connection

Interface for the system of customer

Engineering View

Solder

Flare

Thread

Valve House assembly

Part View

Membrane Assembly

Actuator assembly

O-Ring

Seat Plate

Spacer Ring

Closing Spring

[1]

Valve House[1]

[0-1]

[1-4]

[0-1]

1 1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

B

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

4

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

D

1

1

4

1

1

1

1 1

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

4

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

L

1

1

1

1

H

1

1

1

1

1

M

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

4

1

1

2

1

4

1

1

F

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

A

2

1

1

1

1

N

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

11

1

2

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

C

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

J

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

E

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

I

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

K

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

G

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

Round

Round, bertling

Round, thread connection

Round, thread connection, outlet

Spring

Armature assembly

[1-2]

[1]

[1]

[0-1]

[1]

Cover Plate[0-1]

For mange forskellige huse

Loose Nozzle[0-1]

Valve Bottom[0-1]

Armature pipe[1]

Flange[0-1]

Valve top assembly

Armature top[1]

Winding damper [1]

Armature block[1]

Washer[0-1]

Copper solder pipe connection[0,2]

Screw[2-8]

[1]

[1]Membrane

Top Metal Plate[1]

Bottom Metal Plate[1]

Nozzle

Cap [0-1]

Armature rod[0-1]

Armature Head[0-1]

Stationary Core[0-1]

Valve house Cover Plate[0-1]

[0-1]

[0-1]Pin

Filter

Adusting screw[0-1]

Executed

CNC

Soldering

Sealing

O-rings

Soldering

TIC welding

Pressure Welding

WashersRegulation of opening and closing speedConstraint: Only for type M and N Adjusting screw

2 way

3 way

Closing principle

Pressure equalization principleConstrant: Only for Servo-operated solenoid valves

Hole in membrane

Channel in valve house

Energised coil

Spring + media pressure

Opening principle

Energised coil

Spring

Sloping surface of armature, media pressure

Spring

Energised coil + Media pressure

G 1/8

G 1/4

G 3/8

G 1/2

1/4 NPT

3/8 NPT

1/2 NPT

A house, 6 mm,1/4 inch

A house, 10 mm, 3/8 inch

BC house, 10 mm, 3/8 inch

BC house, 16 mm, 5/8 inch

DE house, G 1/8

BC house, 12 mm, 1/2 inch

A house, 6 mm,1/4 inch, hexa

BC house, 7/8 inch

DE house, G 1/4

GH house, G 1/4

GH house, G 1/2

F house, G 1/8

GH house, G 3/8, 3/8 NPT

IJ house, G 1/8, 1/8 NPT

IJ house, G 3/8, 3/8 NPT

KL house, G 3/8, 3/8 NPT

NM house G 1/2, 1/2 NPT

K house, G 1/4, 1/4 NPT

KL house, G 1/2, 1/2 NPT

Solder pipe connection, 3/8 inch

Solder pipe connection, 5/8 inch

Solder pipe connection, 1/4 inch

Solder pipe connection, 1/2 inch

Solder pipe connection, 7/8 inch

Solder pipe connection, 10 mm

Solder pipe connection, 16 mm

Solder pipe connection, 6 mm

Solder pipe connection, 12 mm

T0Kon membrane

NBR membrane

EPDM membrane

Top Metal Plate

Bottom Metal Plate

FKM membrane

Top Metal Plate with holes

Nozzle 0,56 mm

Nozzle 1,12 mm

Nozzle 0,8 mm

Nozzle 1,9 mm

Nozzle 6 mm

Nozzle 2,6 mm

Nozzle 10 mm

Nozzle 12 mm

Nozzle 15 mm

Nozzle 14 mm

Coverplate

O-ring

Loose nozzle 1,2 mm

Loose nozzle 2 mm

Loose nozzle 1,5 mm

Loose nozzle 2,5 mm

Loose nozzle 3 mm

Loose nozzle 3,5 mm

Valve Bottom

G Cover plate

H Cover plate

Pin

NM Cover plate

Filter

Adjusting screw

Flange

Winding damper

Spacer ring

GH Cap

Square

Cylinder groove

Cylinder

Cylinder slope

Armature head

Stationary core

Backspring

Washer

Armature rod

Seat plate

%0,?�?0Kon

MN Cap

A Top, 6 mm,1/4 inch

A Top, 10 mm, 3/8 inch

BC Top, 10 mm, 3/8 inch

BC Top, 16 mm, 5/8 inch

DEF Top, G 1/8

BC Top, 12 mm, 1/2 inch

BC Top, 7/8 inch

DE Top, G 1/4

GH Top

IJ Top, G 1/8, 1/8 NPT

IJKL Top, G 3/8, 3/8 NPT

K Top, G 1/4, 1/4 NPT

KLNM Top, G 1/2, 1/2 NPT

Torx Screw 1

Torx Screw 2

Torx Screw 3

Torx Screw 4

Umbraco screw 1

Big spring

ABC bør bruge samme top

plate

Kan antallet af plates

reduceres

Vil det kunne betale sig udelukkende at bruge den dyrere ?0Kon som

membranmateriale

Kan produktfamilien nøjes med en gummi-membran i stedet for Jre forskellige??

�,9�;49�:2�Jlter helt undlades?

Ændring af MWP kræver ressourcer til

tests

Type F har få komponenter

tilfælles med de andre typer

Alternativt princip

IJ minder meget om A, men hvorfor

har de så ikke samme hus?

Antalet af MWP bør reduceres

Ventilhusene varierer yderligere alt efter om /0�3,=�7://0>?@/>��Kare eller gevind tilslutning

Kan pipes til 9 mm købes

prefabrikerede

Bør Danfos købe armature

pipe som er forabejdet

Varianter af skruer bør reduceres

MAGNETVENTIL

ABC: Cooling

Assembly head, stationary and

armature

- Size- Hex. Tool Interface- Connection type

Valve House

solder pipe assembly

Final assembly

Rod Machining of armature

- length- spring hole

Armature

Back Spring

Rings / washers

Seat plate

Assemby of armature

Pipe Machining of pipe

- length- NO: BertlingValve top plate

Rod

Assembly of Pipe and top

Machining of top

- size

Assembly top and damper

Damper

O-rings

Scews

Springs

Membrane parts Assembly of membrane

B, C: CapMembrane

Armatur pipe

A: space ring

CJLN (NO) Armature

Assembly of membrane, etc. and

valve house

G: huset bliver samlet først dernæst hele ventilen.

Hvorfor ikke bare samlet det hele på en gang?

GH: indirect servo

Membrane parts Assembly of membrane

Heat pressed cap

- Nozzle size

CJL (NO)Godt at de bliver

lavet ens

�(&�+"*!&%).ow

Proces

- feature

DIAGRAMFORKLARING

ABC: Solderforbindelse kræver assembly hos Danfoss. Hvorfor gør

underleverendøren ikke dette? Det kræver

mandetimer hos Danfoss

Proces hos Danfoss

Assembly of pipe top and armature

Rod

Rod Machining Armature stationary core

Machining Armature Head

For mange forskellige processer kræver

omstilling i produktionenAIJKL: SvejstBC: Loddet

DEFGH: Laser svejst

DE: Different Valve House process

Rod material Machining ofnozzle

- Nozzle size

Mounting ofnozzle

DE: Løs dysse, der bliver fremstillet for

sig og samlet af Danfoss.

F: The Milk kneeler

Assembly of valve house

Milk kneeler parts assembly of Milk kneeler

Hvorfor bliver dyssen ikke fræst af

huset af underleverandøren?

C: LoddetJL:Svejst

H

H følger ikke samme proces

grundet 13.5 mm actuator

NO kræver andre dele

Warm pressed valve House

Machining of valve house

- Nozzle size- inlet / outlet diameter- Connection type- Fixing

Hvorfor forskelligt

antal skruer?

T&>on coating of nozzle in cap

Assembly of adjusting screw

Er milk kneeler nødvendig. Er

Danfoss afhængig af en leverandør?

MN: indirect servo

DEFGH: Pipe med gevind:

Underleverandøren leverer denne

Hvorfor et forskelligt

antal skruer?

Særlig proces for visse typer

F følger ikke samme proces grundet milk

kneeler princip

PROBLEMATISK

GODT

FORKLARING

B bliver coated in Nordborg pga.

misfarvning under lodning af tube og

cap

Køling, ABC og industri,

DEFGHIJKLMN monteres og pakkes

hver for sig

Godt at denne del er standard

De to indirekte servo-typer er ikke ens og derfor skal monteringen ændres ved

hvert skift af type

Analysis of existing product programme

Supply chain PFMP tree

Workspace design

Semester 4th, 2008

Course Workspace design

Team Anna Claudia Szeler Christopher Holm-Hansen Jens Olsbjerg Larsen Rune Schostag Nielsen Marie Mathilde Bjerg Christensen

Collaborator Danske Bank, Tre Falke

· Contextual design methods Artifact model Cultural model Flow model Sequence model· Workshop/ Participatory Design sessions· Design of questionnaire· KJ diagram· Observation· Interviews

Applied Methodology

The Danske Bank department Tre Falke had encountered big organisational trans-IRUPDWLRQV��QHZ�SHUVRQDO�KDG�EHHQ�WUDQV-ferred from another department and a team work procedure across the staff group had been implemented entailing a shift from a individual working approach towards a FRQVLVWHQW� WHDP� RULHQWHG� ZRUNÁRZ� ZLWK�shared schedules, information and clients. Even though a lot of changes had occurred the workspace had remained the same. Through applying contextual design and involving the personnel a new workspace was designed. By e.g. analysing the work-ÁRZV��LQYROYHG�DUWHIDFWV��DQG�WKH�FXOWXUH�RI�the department it became clear which ac-tivities and practices the workspace should facilitate.

The new workspace enhances teamwork and the observed problems that this shift of practice had caused. Five suggested solutions where developed for the new workspace: (1) a new desk where clients spontaneously can seek advice and infor-mation from a bank adviser without making an appointment in advance. (2) New bigger tables positioned in clusters embracing the WZR�ZRUNLQJ�WHDPV������$GGLWLRQDO�WDEOHV�IRU�meeting with the clients. (4) New hardware DQG� VRIWZDUH� WKDW� HQVXUHV� HIÀFLHQW� WHDP�meetings with a mutual sense of communi-ty. (5) Finally it was proposed to get rid of an ROG�VDIH�SODFHG�LQ�WKH�PLGGOH�RI�WKH�RIÀFH��7KLV�FRVWO\�SURFHGXUH�ZLOO�PDNH�VLJQLÀFDQW�more space and enable the implementa-tion of the new workspace.

Workspace design that enhances team work

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Course Industrial Design

Task The american company, KitchenAid, known for their iconic stand mixers, has given the task of coming up with a design proposal for a new ket tle designed for traveling.

Travel Kettle

Mood Boards

Sketches and concept ideas

The new kettle is inspired by the icon-ic KitchAid stand mixer. With isolating silicone grip the kettle has a sleek and compact design ideal when the space in the suitcase is limited. The kettle has a capacity of half a liter and comes in the FRORUV�� &DQG\�$SSOH� 5HG�� 6XJDU� 3HDUO�Silver, and Electric Blue.

Final Design

Semster 4th quarter, TU Delft 2012

Course Drawing for Erasmus Students

The TU Delft way...

Simple sketches of

geometric shapes

Drawings of products,

using different

drawing techniques

Inspired by the nature I chose to make an organic shape consisting of three petals . I worked with the contast of the smooth luxuriant green inner that is revealed by the rough nutshell-like outer peel. 7KH�VKDSH�ZDV�ÀUVW�VNHWFKHG�E\�XVLQJ�VLPSOH�EODFN�pencil and green marker, whereas the shape itself was modelled and shaped by foam material. Filler was applied to opbtain the smooth inner and rough outer surfaces. Finally the shape was spray painted and elevated on a support of wire.

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Course Industrial Design

Task Sketch and model a shape that is open and compound

Shape exercise

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Course CAD Applications/SolidWorks

Software used SolidWorks (Add-ons: Motion � � � 0DQDJHU��3KRWR9LHZ�������0ROG�� � � ÁRZ�,QVLJKW������6\QHUJ\��

Task Design a product and come up with design improvements through stress analysis and simulations of injection moulding

Boss Extrude Cut Extrude SweepSweep with helix Hole WizardFillet/ChamferPatternLoftRevolveCircular/linear patternMirror feature

Scooter

Applied tools

Technical drawings

4SQERR�DIROKACELEMS�RSQAIM�AMAKXRIRExploded view animation

Injection moudling simulation and optimisation

Motion analysis

Further analysis and simulations

Mady By

Jens Olsbjerg Larsen