jesus in india - ahmadiyya€¦ · qadian 143516 gurdaspur-dt, punjab-st, india printing at :...

tbip-aninlm C¥y-bn¬JESUS IN INDIA

lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw-AlvaZv(A)

hnh: F≥. A_vZp¿dlnw

]km-[-I¿

\kmdXv \iv¿ h CimAØv

kzZv¿ A©pa≥ AlvaZnøm JmZnbm≥

YESHU MISHIHA INDIAYIL (Jesus in India)Malayalam Version of the original Urdu Work‘Masih Hindusthan Mein’

Author: Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(A)

Promised Messiah & Mahdi

Translator:N. Abdurrahim

Published by: Nazarat Islah-O-Irshad Markazia QadianQadian 143516 Gurdaspur-Dt, Punjab-St, INDIA

Printing at : Orange Offset Printers,Calicut

Fourth Edition: 2016 March

Copies: 1000

ISBN: 9788179122525

D≈S°w

AhXmcnI 5

BapJw 7

A[ymbw 1

tbip Ipcnin¬ acn®n´n√ 25

A[ymbw 2

Cukm\_n Ipcnipkw`hØn\ptijw 78

(Jp¿B≥˛lZoYv sXfnhpIƒ)

A[ymbw 3

sshZyimkvXsØfnhpIƒ 87

A[ymbw 4

H∂mw Imfiw˛ NcnXKKŸßfn¬\n∂v 100

Cukm\_nbpsS k©mcam¿§w 102

c≠mw Imfiw˛ _p≤aXKŸßfn¬ 107

aq∂mw Imfiw˛ Ckmtbey¿ C¥ybn¬ 136

24 tKmXßƒ 145

A\p_‘w 155

]p\cp∞m\tam ]p\cp÷oh\tam 158

4 tbipaninlm C¥ybn¬

lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw-AlvaZv(A)

5tbipaninlm C¥ybn¬

AhXmcnI

lZvdØv hmKvZØv alvZo akolv(A)s‚ Hcp I¿Øhyw

Ipcn»pS°pIbmWv. CXp kw_‘ambn At±lØns‚

akolv lnµpÿm≥ taw (tbip aninl C¥ybn¬) F∂

Cu KŸsØ Ahkm\ hms°∂v ]dbmhp∂XmWv. Cu

KŸØn¬ tbip aninl Ipcnipkw`hØn\p tijw ]e

kvXo\n¬ \n∂v ]emb\w sNbvXv hnhn[ cmPyßfneqsS

k©cn®v C¥ybnseØnsb∂v ÿm]n®ncn°p∂p. lZvdØv

akolv(A)s\°pdn®v C°meL´Øn¬ \S°p∂ F√m

Øcw KthjWßfptSbpw ASnØd Cu KŸw Xs∂

bmWv.

Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ hnhn[ A≤ymbßfn¬ hnjbsØ

IaoIcn®ncn°p∂p. AXv A\phmNI¿°pw KthjI¿°pw

Gsd ]tbmP\]ZamWv.

Cu KŸØns‚ ]e ]Xn∏pIfpw hnhn[ `mjIfn¬

]cn`mjbpw Rßƒ ]kn≤oIcn®n´p≠v.

Ct∏mƒ CXns‚ aebmfw ]cn`mj \memw ]Xn∏v \km

dØv \ivtdm CimAØv JmZnbm≥ (tIµ ]kn≤oIcW

hn`mKw) ]kn≤oIcn°pIbmWv.

A√mlp CXns‚ ]kn≤oIcWØn¬ klIcn® F√m

h¿°pw X°Xmb ]Xn ew \¬IpamdmIs , Cu ]pkvXIw

kpa\ pIfpsS k∑m¿KØn\v \nanØam°pamdmIs´.

Bao≥

skI´dn ]ªnt°j≥kv,

AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØv `mcXv

BapJw

apkvenw-I-fnepw an° InkvXym-\n-I-fnepw tbip-hn-s‚-

-Cukm \_n-bpsS˛B-Zy-Im-e-sØbpw Ah-km\ Ime-sØ

bpw Pohn-X-sØ-∏‰n \ne-\nev°p∂ Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰p[m-c-

W-Iƒ, AwKo-IrX bmYm¿∞y-ß-sf-bpw, Aap-kvenw-I-fpsS

]pcm-X-\-tc-J-I-fn¬\n∂pw s]mXp-hmb Ncn-X-sØ-fn-hp-I-

fn¬\n∂p-ap≈ \ymb-hm-Z-ß-sfbpw ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn

sXfn-bn®p Im´p-hm-\p-t±-in-®mWv Rm≥ Cu ]pkvXIw cNn-

®n- p-≈-Xv. Cu sX‰p-[m-c-W-I-fpsS A]-I-S-I-c-amb Zqjy- -

e-ßƒ, Xulo-Zn-s\- -G-I-ssZ-h XØzsØ˛lm-\n-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≈-Xn\v ]pd-sa, Cu cmPy

sØ apkvenw-P-\-km-am-\y-Øns‚ [m¿anI Pohn-X-Øn¬,

Gsd-°m-e-ambn A\- n-e-j-Wo-bhpw hnj-a-b-hp-amb Zpxkzm-

[o\w sNep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

k∑m¿§-Øns‚ A`mhw, ZpjvS-hn-Nm-c-ßƒ, lrZ-b-Im-Tn\yw

A\p-I-º-bn-√mbva F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ Bflo-b-tcm-K-ßƒ

CØcw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-ß-fmb IY-I-fnepw hnh-c-W-ß-

fnepw hniz-kn-®-Xns‚ e-ambn an° apkvenw I£n-I-fnepw

hym]-cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. am\p-jn-I-amb A\p-I-º, kl-Xm-

]w, \oXn-t]-aw, hW-°w, hn\-b-_p≤n XpS-ßnb F√m k¬

Kp-W-ßfpw Cu kap-Zm-b-tØmSp Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn hnS-

tNm-Zn®p ]ncn-bp-sa∂ a´n¬, Znh-kw-tXmdpw A]-Xy-£-


ambns°m≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu lrZ-b-Im-Tn-\yhpw Cu

A[m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw At\Iw apkvenw-Isf Im´p-ar-K-ß-sf-t∏m-

se-bm°n am‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp ssP\t\m Hcp _p≤-a-X-

°m-ct\m Hcp sImXp-In-s\tbm Hcp Cu®-sb-tbm-t]mepw

sIm√m≥ t]Sn-°p-tºmƒ, A\ym-b-amb sIme-]m-XIw \S-

Øp-∂-Xn¬ k¿∆-i-‡-\mb A-√m-lp-hns\t]mepw˛ F√m-

Po-h-P-¥p-°-sf-°mfpw a\p-jy-Po-h\p Ah-\mWv G‰hpw

Db¿∂ hne Iev]n-®n- p-≈-sX-¶nepw Ch¿ `b-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

Cu lrZ-b-Im-Tn-\yhpw Iqc-Xbpw A\p-I-ºm-Zm-cn-Zyhpw Fß-

s\-bm-Wp-≠m-bn-Øo¿∂Xv? AXn\p ImcWw CXmWv: sNdp-

∏-Øn¬Øs∂ Pnlm-Zns\ kw_-‘n® sX‰mb [mc-W-I

fpw IY-Ifpw Ah-cpsS ih-W-]p-S-ß-fn¬ Ae-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw

Aßs\ Ah-cpsS a\- n¬ AXv cqV-aq-e-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp

I-bm¬ kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ [m¿Ωn-I-ambn ih-]m-b-°m-

cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS \njvTqc sNbvXn-I-fpsS sImSpw

Iqc-Xsb°pdn®p t_m[-a-‰-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nc-

]-cm-[n-bmb as‰m-cmsf sIme-sN-øp∂ Hcmƒ sIm√-s∏-Sp∂

BfpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \miw hnX-dn-sh-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw A

bmƒ Xms\mcp \∑ ]h¿Øn-®-hs\t∏mse-bmWv kzbw

Icp-Xp-∂Xv; AY-hm, kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]nb-¶-c-\m-bn-Øo-

cm-\p≈ H-c-h-k-c-ap-≠m°nsb∂p [cn-°p-∂p. CØcw Ip‰-

Ir-Xy-ßƒ XS-bm-\p≈ D]-tZ-i-]-kw-K-ßtfm JpXzv-_-Itfm

\ΩpsS \m´n-se-hn-sSbpw \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬˛

AYhm Aßs\ ]kw-Kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬Øs∂ Aev]-

samcp I]-S- m-h-tØmsSbmhmt\ Xc-ap-≈q˛ km[m-c-W-°m¿

CØcw ZpjvIr-Xy-ßƒ°v AwKo-Im-c-ap-≈-Xmbn Icp-Xpw.

BI-bm¬, Fs‚ kz¥w kap-Zm-b-°m-tcm-Sp≈ A\p-Iº

\nanØw apkvenw-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Pnlm-Zns\ kw_-‘n®v \ne-

\nev°p∂ hnizm-k-ßƒ- -C-Xc kap-Zm-b-°m-cpsS t\sc ISp

Ø hntcm-[hpw iXp-Xzhpw ]pe¿Øp∂ c‡-s°m-Xn-b-\mb

Hcp Camw shfn-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-≈, Zo¿L-Zr-jvSn-bn-√mØ De-am-


°ƒ ]Tn-∏n-®p-t]m∂ sX‰mb hnizm-k-ß-fm-sW∂v hnh-cn®p

sIm≠p≈ Ht´sd ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Rm≥ A-d-_n-bnepw D¿Zp-

hnepw t]¿ky-\n-epw cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. aX-hn-izm-k-Im-cy-Øn¬

hmfp]tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-t∂-bn√; ]Xn-tcm-

[-bp-≤-ß-fn-tem, Hcp oI-c-hm-gvN-°mcs\ in£n-°m\pw kzm

X¥yw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°m-\p-ap≈ bp≤-ß-fntem amXta hmfp-

]-tbm-Kn®pIqSp. Hcp FXn-cmfn Poh\pt\sc `ojWn Db

¿Øp∂ Xc-Øn¬ BI-aWw \S-Øp-tºm-gmWv ]Xn-tcm-[-

bp-≤-Øns‚ Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-∂-Xv. CXmWv ico-AØv [¿

ΩimkvXa\p-h-Zn-®n´p≈ aq∂pXcw bp≤-ßƒ. CX-√msX

aXw ]c-Øm≥th≠n as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ bp≤-Øn\pw Ckv

emw A\p-aXn \evIp-t∂-bn-√. Rm≥ Cu KŸ-ßƒ°v Ht´sd

XpI sNe-hm-°p-Ibpw Cu cmPyØpw Atd-_y, kndnb,

Jpdm-km≥ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fnepw Ah ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-

I-bp-ap≠m-bn. F∂m¬, ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ P\-lr-Z-b-ß-

fn¬\n∂v CØcw hnizm-k-ß-fn¬ A¤p-X-I-c-amb am‰w

hcp-Øp-hm≥ klm-b-I-am-bn- p≈ hy‡-amb kml-N-cy-sØ-

fn-hp-Ifpw Ncn-X-tc-J-Ifpw Fs‚ ]°ep≠v. kXy-ßƒ a\-

n-em-°n-Øp-S-ßp-∂-tXmsS Ckvem-anse kZr-Ø-∑m-cpsS

lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw hW-°-Øn-s‚bpw Zbm-Zm-

£n-Wy-Øn-s‚bpw a[p-c-a-t\m-l-c-amb \ocp-d-h-Iƒ Hgp-In-

Øp-S-ßp-Ibpw cmPy-ØmsI KpW-I-chpw A\p-Kl ]q¿Æ-

hp-amb kzm[o\w D≠m-°p∂ Bflob ]cn-h¿Ø\w kwPm-

X-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. InkvXob Kth-j-I-∑mcpw kXysØ

D‰p t\m°p-∂-hcpw AXn-\mbn Zmln-°p-∂-hcpw Fs‚ KŸ-

Øn¬\n∂v e-sa-Sp-°p-sa∂pw F\n°v ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-≠v.

apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw hnizm-k-kw-ln-

X-bpsS mK-am-bn-°-gn-™n- p≈ A_-≤-[m-c-W-Iƒ Xncp-Øp-

I-sb-∂-XmWv Cu ]pkvXI\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS ][m\ Dt±-

iysa∂p Rm\n-t∏mƒ ]d™ph® Imcyw Aev]-samcp hni-

Zo-I-cWw A¿ln-°p∂p; Rm\Xv NphsS hnh-cn-°mw.


Cukm-\-_n(-A)- -tb-ip- -Po-h-t\msS BIm-i-tØ-°p-

b¿∂p-t]mbn F∂mWv _lp-`q-cn-]£w apkvenw-I-fpw,

InkvXym-\n-Ifpw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. tbip Ct∏mgpw BIm-

i-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, Ah-km-\-Im-eØp Hcp Znhkw

`qan-bn¬ Cdßn hcp-sa∂pamWv CXbpwImew Ah¿ hniz-

kn®ph∂n- p-≈-Xpw. Ah-cpsS ho£-W-ß-fn¬, AXm-bXp

apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw AXp-t]mseØs∂ InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sS

bpw hnizm-k-ß-fnep≈ hyXymkw CX-bp-am-Wv. tbip Ipcn-

in-t∑¬ acn®psh∂pw ]n∂oSv Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰v PU-i-co-c-

tØmsS kz¿§-Øn¬ Ib-dn-t∏m-IpIbpw Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚

heØv `mKØv Ccn-∏p-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsh∂pw Ah-

km-\-\m-fn¬ hn[n \S-Øm-\mbn qan-bn¬ Cdßn hcp-sa∂pw

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. temI-Øns‚ kjvSmhpw

c£n-Xmhpw Cu tbip-an-inlm A√msX a‰m-cp-a-s√∂pw

Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-km-\-\m-fn¬ in£m-c-£-Iƒ \evIp-

∂-Xn\v qan-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-°p-∂Xpw At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-

°pw. Xs∂bpw Xs‚ amXm-hn-s\bpw ssZh-sa∂p hniz-kn-

°m-Ø-h-sc√mw \c-I-Øn-se-dn-b-s∏Spw. Ahn-sS-bm-I-s´, Ic-

®n-epw, ]√p-I-Snbpw Bbn-cn°pw Ah¿°p≈ hn[n. F∂m¬,

ta¬]-d™ apkvenw-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xm-I-s´, Cukm \_n(A)

Ipcn-in¬X-d-bv°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn- n-s√∂pw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-

®n- n-s√∂pw t\c-a-dn-®v, Iq-in-°m-\mbn PqX-∑m¿ At±-lsØ

AdÃv sNbvX-t∏mƒ Hcp ae°p ]Xy-£-s∏ v PU-tZ-l-

tØmsS At±-lsØ BIm-i-tØ°v FSpØp sIm≠p t]m

bnsb∂pw At±lw Ct∏mgpw BIm-i-Øn¬˛AXm-bXv

blvbm\_n (tbm-l-∂m≥)˛ Xma-kn-°p∂ c≠mw BIm-i-

Øn-¬- -]m¿Øp hcn-I-bm-sW∂p asX. CXpIqSm-sX, Cukm-

\-_n(-A) A√m-lp-hns‚ Hcp henb ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂pw

ssZ-htam ssZh-]p-Xt\m As√∂pw apkvenw-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p

s≠¶nepw, Ah-km\ \mfn¬ At±lw Ua-kvI-knse an\m-

c-Øn-\-SpØv AY-hm, as‰-¥n-s‚-sb-¶nepw kao-]Øv c≠p


ae-°p-IfpsS Npa-ep-I-fn-eq∂n qan-bn¬ Cdßn hcp-sa∂pw,

At±lw qan-bn¬ AXn-\Iw shfn-s∏´p Ign™ mXzna

hwi-P-\mb alvZn Cam-an-t\m-sSm∏w tN¿∂v F√m Aap-

kvenw-I-tf-bpw- A-h¿ X¬£Ww apkvenw-I-fmbn amdmØ

]£w Hscm‰ Btfbpw Poh-t\msS Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°mØ

hn[w sIms∂m-Sp-°p-sa∂pw IqSn apkvenw-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-

∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cukm\-_n(-A) Cu qan-bn-en-d-ßn-h-cp-

sa-∂-Xns‚ bYm¿∞ Dt±iyw hlvlm_n-I-sf∂p s]mXpsh

apkvenw-Iƒ hnfn-®p-t]m-cp∂ Alvsel-ZoYv I£n-°m-cpsS

]°¬, lnµp-°-fpsS alm-tZ-h-s\-t∏mse apgp-h≥ temI

tØbpw \nK-ln-°pI F∂-X-sX. apkven-ambnØoc-W-sa∂

\n¿t±-i-hp-ambn P\-ßsf BsI `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

Ah¿ Ahn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd®p\nev°p∂ ]£w hmfp-sIm≠v

Ahsc Iq -s°me sNøpIbpw sNøpw. At±lw PU-i-co-c-

tØmsS Ct∏mgpw BIm-i-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw

apkvenw- -c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ Zp¿∫-e-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ, At±lw

Cd-ßn-h∂p Aap-kvenw-Isf sIm√p-I-tbm, sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-

sa∂v oj-Wn-ap-g°n apkvenambn-Øo-cm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-Itbm

sNøp-sa∂pw Ah¿ tLmjn-°p-∂p. InkvXym-\n-Isf kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw, apI-fn¬ ]d™ Cu I£n-I-fpsS De-am-

°ƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv, tbip BIm-i-Øn¬ \n∂nd-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ

temI-Øp≈ Ipcn-ip-I-sfms° At±lw apdn-°p-sa∂pw

IqSmsX hmfp-sIm≠v as‰m-t´sd Iqc-IrXyßƒ sNøp-

sa∂pw `qan-bn¬ c‡-]-f-b-ap-≠m-°p-sa-∂p-a-sX. Rm≥

Ct∏mƒ ]d™Xp-t]mse apkvenw-I-fn¬s]´ C°q- ¿ AXm-

b-Xv,- A-lvse-l-Zo-Yp-Im¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Bth-i-]q¿∆w hniz-

kn-°p-∂-Xv, Cukm-\-_n-(A) qan-bn¬ Cd-ßp-∂-Xn\v Aev

]waptº ^m-XznabpsS k¥m\]cºcbn¬\n∂p≈ apl-

ΩZv F∂p t]cmb alvZn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw At±-l-am-

bn-cn°pw Jeo- bpw cmPm-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-I-sb∂pamWv. alvZn,

Jpdbvin hwi-P-\m-bn-cn-°pw. DS≥ Iena sNm√p-∂-h-scm-gn®v


as‰√m Aap-kvenw-I-sfbpw hmfn-\n-c-bm-°p-I-bmWv At±-l-

Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-thm-t±-iyw. Camw-a-lvZn-bpsS ZuXysØ

klm-bn-°m-\mWv akolv Cdßn hcp-∂-Xv. akolpXs∂

bpw Hcp alvZn- -h-enb alvZn- -B-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶nepw Ime-Øns‚

Jeo^, Jpdbvin Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cukm-\-_n(-A)

A∂sØ Jeo- -bm-bn-cn-°-bn-√. apl-ΩZv F∂ alvZnXs∂-

bm-bn-cn°pw Jeo- . Cu c≠pt]cpwIqSn qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-

c-‡-Øns‚ ]fbw kr„n-°p-sa-∂mWv apkvenw-Iƒ ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. temI-N-cn-X-Øn¬ aptºsbßpap≠m-bn- n-√m-Ø-hn[w

c‡w Ah¿ sNmcn-bp-a-sX. shfn-s∏´pS≥ Ah¿ Cu c‡-

b-⁄-am-bn-cn°pw Bcw- n-°p-I. Ah¿ D]-tZ-in-°mt\m D¬

t_m-[n-°mt\m Zr„m-¥-ßƒ ImWn-°mt\m an\-s°-Sn-√.

ako-lv(A) Camw apl-ΩZv alvZn-bpsS D]-tZ-i-It\m ]S-

\m-b-It\m Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, alvZn Cam-ans‚

ssIbn-em-bn-cn°pw c-W-Øns‚ ISn-™m¨. temIw apgp-

h\pw Iq -s°me sNøm\pw AXn-cq-£-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-

`n-°m\pw lZvdØv Camwapl-ΩZvalvZnsb akolv t]cn-∏n-

°pw. F∂p-h-®m¬, At±lw aptº temI-Øn\v \evInb

""Xn∑sb FXn-cn-sSm√m!'' ""CSsØ sNIn- -Ø-Sn-®m¬ he

tØXpw ImWn®p sImSp-°pI'' Xp-S-ßnb Zbm¿Z-amb ]mT-

ßƒ Xncp-Øn-∏-d-bpw. F∂n-ß-s\-sb-√m-amWv Ah¿ ]d-bp-

∂-Xv.

tbm≤r-alvZntbip-hn-s\-∏‰n InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apkvenw-Ifpw hniz-

kn-°p-∂Xv CXmWv: InkvXym-\n-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse Hcp

Ffnb a\p-jys\ ssZhw F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv Hcp henb

sX‰m-sW-¶nepw hlvlm-_n-Iƒ F∂p-IqSn hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂

"Alvsel-ZoYv' I£n-°m¿ Dƒs∏sS Ckvemans‚ A\p-

bm-bn-I-fn¬ Nne¿ c‡-s°m-Xn-b-\mb alvZn-sbbpw ako-

ln-s\bpw]‰n ]pe¿Øn-h-∂n-cp∂ hnizm-k-ßƒ Ah-cpsS

[m¿an-I-Xsb hf-sc-tbsd tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-®n-cn-°-bm-


Wv. Ah-bpsS Zp zm-[o-\-ßƒ ImcWw a‰p-≈-h-cp-am-bp≈

Ah-cpsS CS-]m-Sp-IƒØs∂, hniz-kvX-X-bnepw kZv m-h-\-

bnepw Du∂n-s°m-≠p≈X√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿°v Hcp

Aap-kvenw-K-h¿sa‚n-t\mSv Bflm¿∞-ambpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw

Iqdp-]p-e¿Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xp-a√. Aap-kvenw-Isf√mw DS≥

apkven-am-bn-Øo-c-W-sa∂pw A√m-Ø-]£w Ah-sc-sb√mw

h[n®pIf-bp-sa-∂p-ap≈ oj-Wnbpw \n¿_-‘hpw \ne-\nev

°p-∂n-S-tØmfw AXp-Xs∂ Atß-b-‰sØ hna¿i-\-Øn\p

hnt[-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂p _p≤n-bp≈ GsXm-cmfpw k

Ω-Xn-°pw. Hcp aX-[¿Ω-Øns‚ kXyhpw kuµ-cyhpw Kln-

®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\p aptº, Hcmƒ B aXw kzoI-cn-°m≥ \n¿_-

‘n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw h[--`o-j-Wn-°n-c-bm-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Atß-

b‰w ]Xn-tj-[m¿l-am-sW∂p a\- m-£n-bp≈ Bcpw kΩ-

Xn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B aX-[¿Ω-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°p]Icw AXn

s‚ iXp-°ƒ°v AXn¬ sX‰p ImWm≥ Ah-kcw kr„n-

°p-I-bmWv sNøpIsb∂v ]dtb≠Xn√-t√m. CØcw kn≤m-

¥-ß-fpsS HSp-]p-e¿® a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v B¿Z-

Xbpw Zb, \oXn-\njvT XpS-ßnb AXyp-∂-X-ß-fmb am\p-

jnI kZvKp-W-ßfpw A]-Xy-£-am-hp-Ibpw ]Icw ]Ibpw

iXp-Xbpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]ns∂ Ah-

ti-jn-°p-∂Xp arKob hnIm-c-ßƒ amXw. AtXmsS F√m

KpW-ßfpw XpS®p \o°-s∏-Spw. CØcw D]-tZ-i-ßsfmcn-

°epw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°m≥ km≤y-a-s√∂p a\-

n-em-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ssZhw F√m \ymb-hn-[n-Ifpw ]q¿Øn-

bm-°n-b-ti-j-a-√msX in£-bn-d-°p-∂-h-\-√.

AXp-sIm≠v C°mcyw \√-t]mse Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. Hcp kXy-a-XsØ AXns‚ kXy-sØbpw kn≤m-¥-

sØbpw kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xosc A⁄\pw Adn-hn-

√m-Ø-h-\p-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-amXw Hcmƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-

dm-ImØ ]£w Abmsf DS-\Sn sIm∂p-I-f-bp-∂Xv \ymb-

amtWm? A√, Cu a\p-jy≥ kl-Xm-]-amWv A¿ln-°p-∂-


Xv. hfsc DZm-c-ambpw kvt\l-ku-io-ey-ß-tfm-SpIq-Snbpw

Abmsf aX-Øns‚ kXyhpw kuµ-cyhpw Bflobt\´hpw

D]-tZ-in®p t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. AXn\m¬,

Ckvem-anse Cu I£n-Iƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ PnlmZv

XØz-hpw, Camwapl-ΩZv F∂ t]cp≈ c‡-ZmlnalvZn

shfn-s∏-Sm-\-SpØpt]mbnsb∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ klm-bm

¿∞w akolv BIm-iØp\n∂n-dßn hcp-sa∂pw c≠p-t]-

cp-wIqSn Aap-kvenw-Isf sIms∂m-Sp-°p-sa-∂pap≈ hnizm-

khpw \ΩpsS [m¿Ωn-I-t_m-[-ßƒ°pw Nn¥-Iƒ°pw \nc-

°m-ØXpw ]msS FXn-cm-bn- p-≈-Xp-a-sX. F√m am\p-jnI

k¬Kp-W-ßfpw [¿Ω-t_m-[hpw \n›-e-am-°n-°-f-bp-Ibpw

Im´p\oXnsb t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnizm-k-at√

CXv? CØcw- hnizm-k-ßƒsIm≠p \S-°p-∂-h¿ a‰p-≈-h-

cp-am-bp≈ s]cp-am-‰-Øn¬ I-]-S-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.

AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ as‰mcp aX-hn-izm-k-°m-cpsS Kh¨sa‚n-

t\mSv bYm¿∞-amb Iqdp-]p-e¿Øp-hm\pw Ch¿°v km≤y-

am-hp-I-bn-√. Ch¿ CØcw Kh¨sa‚p-I-tfmSp Iqdp-]p-e¿

Øp∂psh∂v h©-\m-]-c-am-bn- mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXp sX‰p-

am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Rm≥ apI-fn¬ ]d™ Nne Alvse

lZoYv I£n-°m¿ _n´o-jn-¥y-bn¬ _n´ojv Kh¿sa‚n-

s\-Xnsc Cc- -Po-hnXw \bn-°p-∂-Xv. cl-ky-Øn¬ Ah¿

c‡-Zmln alvZnbpw c‡-Zmln akolpw shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Znh-

k-sØ-∏‰n P\-ßƒ°v Bibpw Bth-ihpw \evIp-Ibpw

Aßs\ ]Tn-∏n®p Hcp-°n-\ndpØp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, A[n-

Ir-X-∑m-cpsS ap∂n¬ Ah¿°v kvXpXn-KoXw ]mSp-Ibpw A

Øcw hnizm-k-ß-sfm∂pw Xßƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√∂v

Ah-cpsS ap∂nte‰p]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, Ah¿

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ AØcw B-i-b-ßsf FXn¿°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

F¥p-sIm≠p Ah-cXp ]c-ky-ambn FgpXn -]-Z¿in-∏n-°p-

∂n√? F¥p-sIm≠v Ah¿ c‡-Zmln alvZn-sbbpw c‡-

Zmln ako-ln-s\bpw Ah-cn-cp-hcpw hmXn¬∏Sn°¬ FØn-


°-gn™psht∂mWw ImØp-\nev°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Iq -

s°m-e-b-⁄-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥ _≤-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p?

alvZnbpw PnlmZpw

CØcw hnizm-k-ßƒ Cu aue-hn-am-cpsS [m¿an-I-\n-e-

hmcwXs∂ XmgvØn-°-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. A¥ pw kam-[m\

X¬]-c-Xbpw P\-ß-fn¬ D]-tZ-in-°m≥ Ch¿°v km≤y-a-

√msX h∂p. adn®v Hcp Imc-WhpwIqSmsX a‰p-≈-hsc sIm√p-

I-sb-∂Xv Ch-cpsS ]°¬ hen-sbmcp aX-[¿Ωambn amdn-

bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tNmc-s°m-Xn-b≥ alvZn-bnepw Pnlm-Zns\

kw_-‘n® s]mXp-hmb Bi-b-ß-fnepw cl-ky-Øn¬ hn

izmkw ]pe¿Øp∂ Nne hn`m-K-ßƒ Alvse lZoYv I£n-

°m-cneps≠∂ hkvXpX tJZ-]q¿∆w ChnsS ]kvXm-hn-

°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ F\n°v km≤y-a-√. Pnlm-Zns\ kw_-‘n®

kXy-bp-‡-amb hnizm-ksØ Ch¿ FXn¿°p-∂p. a‰p≈

aX-hn-izm-k-°m-sc-sbm-s°-Ø-s∂bpw sIm∂n-Sp-hm≥ Ah-

kcw In´p∂ ]£w sIm√p-∂Xp hen-sbmcp ]pWy-Ir-Xy-

am-bnØs∂ Ah¿ IW-°m-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬,

Ckvem-ans‚ t]cn¬ a‰p-≈-hsc sIm√m-sa∂ hnizm-khpw

tNmc-s°m-Xn-b≥ ako-lns‚ Bhn¿`mhw kw_-‘n® ]h-

N-\-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw c‡wNn¥n Ckvem-ans\ ]N-

cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ A`n-hm-RvNbpsa√mw hnip≤Jp¿-B-s‚bpw

hniz-k-\o-b-amb lZo-Yp-I-fp-sSbpw ]mT-ßƒ°v IS-I-hn-cp-

≤-am-bn- p-≈-XsX. \ΩpsS \_n-(-k) Xncp-ta\n°v a°-bn¬

Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS ssIbmepw AXn-\p-ti-jhpw ]oU-\-

ßfpw a¿±-\-ßfpw kln-t°-≠n-h-∂n- p-≠v. B alm-flmhv

a°-bn¬ Ign-®p-Iq- nb ]Xn-aq∂v sIm√-°m-ehpw \m\m-X-c-

amb At\Iw IjvS-\-jvS-ß-fp-sSbpw FÆ-a‰ Zpcn-X-ß-fp-

sSbpw Ime-am-bn-cp∂p. AtXm¿°p-tºmƒ Bcp-tSbpw Ic-f-

en-bpw. F∂m¬, Xs‚ iXp-°-fpsS t\sc Xncp-ta\n hmfq-

cn-bn-√. Ah-cpsS Zp¿`mj-W-ßƒ°p adp-]Sn ]d-™p-an-√.


CXn-\Iw At\Iw kJm-°fpw CjvS-in-jy-∑mcpw \njvI-

cpWw \nK-ln-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. B -Znhym-flmhv Xs∂bpw

]e-Xcw hnj-a-X-Iƒ°pw Cc-bm-tI-≠n-h-∂p. Ah¿ At±-

lsØ hnjw sImSp-ØpsIm√m≥ ian®p. \_nsb h[n-

°m≥ ]e-h´w KqVmtemN-\-Iƒ \S-Øn. a°-bnse aq∏-∑m

cpw tKmX-Ø-e-h-∑mcpw HØp-tN¿∂p Cu a\p-jys\ Fß-

s\-sb-¶nepw h[n-°-W-sa∂p GI-I-WvT-ambn Xocp-am-\n-°p

IXs∂ sNbvXp. At∏m-gmWv ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-Imc \nbaw

]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ h∂-Xv. B kabw Xs‚ hcn-jvT-∑m-cp-sS

bpw kXy-k-‘-∑m-cp-sSbpw kmØzn-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw klm-b-

I\pw Bib ÿm\hpamb ssZhw, B \K-c-Øn¬ Xn∑-

b-√msX as‰m∂pw Ah-ti-jn-®n- n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-epw, P\-ßƒ

\_nsb h[n-°p-hm≥ I®-sI- n-∏p-d-s∏- -Xn-\mepw DSs\ \mSp-

hn´p sIm≈-W-sa∂v \_nbv°v Adnhp \evIn. Aßs\

ssZhnI Iev]-\-]-Imcw B ]pWym-flmhv aZo-\bv°p ]pd-

s∏- p. Cu Ah-ÿ-bnepw iXp-°ƒ At±-lsØ Xs‚ ]m

´n\p hn´p-I-f-bmsX ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw Ckvem-ans\ Nhn- n-sa-

Xn-°m≥Xs∂ ]pd-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C]-Imcw Ah-cpsS

AI-a-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ AXn¿ IS-°p-Ibpw \nc-]-cm-[n-I-

fpsSh[w Ah¿°v in£ \evtI-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-

amdv h¿≤n-®p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ, Bfl c£m¿∞w

]Xn-tcm-[-ambn bp≤w sNbvXp-sIm-≈m≥ ssZhw Ah¿°v

A\p-hmZw \evIn. icn-bmb bp≤-Øn-e-√msX shdp-samcp

tZml-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ \nc-h[n \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf sIm√p-Ibpw

Ah-cpsS kzØp-°-sf√mw sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\v

]I-c-sa-t∂mWw AØcw s]cp-am‰w Ahcpw Ah-cpsS

klm-bn-Ifpw A¿ln-°p-∂-Xp-am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, CXn-

s\-√m-sa-Xn-cn¬, a°m-hn-P-b-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ \ΩpsS ]hm-N-

I-\m-b-I≥(k) AØ-c-°m¿s°√mw am∏p \evIp-I-bm-Wp-

≠m-b-Xv. AXn\m¬, Xncp-\-_nbpw kJm-°fpw aXw ]c-

Øm≥th≠n bp≤w sNbvXp-sht∂m Ah¿ Bfp-Isf am¿Kw


Iq´m≥ kΩ¿±-X-¥-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn®psht∂m Btcm-]n-°p-

∂Xp Atß-b-‰sØ A\ym-bhpw A\o-Xnbpw amX-am-Wv.

A°m-eØv kI-e-P-\-ßfpw Ckvem-ans‚t\sc ]Ibpw

hntZz-jhpw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂p. Ckvemw Hcp ]pXnb

]ÿm-\hpw apkvenw-Iƒ Hcp Zp¿∫-e-\yq-\-]-£hpsa∂v

IcpXn iXp-°ƒ Ckvem-ans‚ thc-dp-Øp-I-f-bm-\p≈ Zpcm-

tem-N-\-I-fn¬ G¿s∏- n-cp-∂p. Cu Iq´¿ hfsc thKw \mam-

h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ C\n Xe-bp-b¿Øp-sa∂p

kwi-bn-°m≥t]mepw Xc-an-s√∂pw sIm´n-tLm-jn-°p-am-dm-

I-W-sa∂ BImw-£-bn-em-bn-cp∂p iXp-°ƒ. C°m-c-W-

Øm¬, Hmtcm \n mc Imcy-Ønepw Ah-cpsS mKØv XS-

-ßfpw ]Xn-tcm-[-ßfpw krjvSn-°-s∏- n-cp∂p. GsX-¶nepw

tKmX-Øn¬\n∂v Bsc-¶nepw Ckvemw-a-X-am--t«-jn-s®¶n¬

Ah¿ DS≥ sIm√-s∏-Sp-Itbm AYhm Ah-cpsS Poh≥ A]-

I-S-Øn-em-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AØ-c-samcp L -

Øn¬ B \h-ap-kvenw-I-fn¬ I\n™p aX-`m-¥-∑m-cmb

Aapkvenw `c-Wm-[n-]-∑m¿°v in£-sb-t∂m-Ww, Ah¿

Ckvem-an\v Iogvs∏-S-W-sa∂pw Ckvem-anI kzmX-¥y-Øns‚

hmXn¬ Xpd∂p InS-°-W-sa∂pw A√mlp hn[n-®p. kXy-

hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-°m≥ BK-ln-°p-∂-h-cpsS apºn-ep≈

XS -ßƒ \o°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ Dt±-iyw. AXp temI-

Øn\pt\sc ssZhw ImWn® Imcp-Wy]IS-\-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXm¿°pw tZmlw hcp-Øn-h-®-Xp-an-√.

aX-Øn¬ _em¬°m-c-an√

F∂m¬, C°m-eØv Aapkvenw c-Wm-[n-]-∑m¿ Ckvem-

ans‚ Imcy-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂ns√∂Xp ]Xy-£-am-Wv.

Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\ I¿Ωm-\pjvTm-\-ßsf Ah¿ \ntcm-

[n-®n- n√. ]pXp-apkvenw-Isf Ah¿ sIm∂p-I-f-bp-∂n-√. Ah

sc Xpdp-¶n-e-S®v t`Zyw sNøp-∂n-√. Aß-s\-bn-cns° Ah¿

s°-Xnsc Ckvem-ans‚ hmƒ F¥n\p Npg-‰-s∏-SWw? aX-


Im-cy-Øn¬ _e-]-tbm-KsØ Ckvemw Hcn-°epw A\p-Iq-

en-®n- n-√. hnip≤Jp¿B\pw lZo-Yp-Ifpw Ncn-X-tc-J-Ifpw

kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw i≤m-

]q¿∆w ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI-bm-sW-¶n¬, aX-[¿Ωw ]c-Øm-

\mbn Ckvemw hmƒ Npg-‰n-sb∂ Btcm-]Ww1 XnI®pw ASn-

ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂p a\- n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-ap-≠m-Ip-I-

bn-√. Jp¿-B\pw lZo-Yp-Ifpw hnizm-ky-ß-fmb Ckvem-anI

Ncn-X-tc-J-Ifpw \njv]-£-ambn ]Tn-®n- n-√m-Ø-h-cm-Wv CØ

cw Btcm-]-W-ßƒ D∂-bn-®n- p-≈-Xv. Ah¿ ]®-°-≈-ßƒ

tXm∂nbt]mse Iq´n-°-e¿Øn-s°m≠p sX‰mb Btcm-]-

W-ßƒ sXmSp-Øp-hn- p. F∂m¬, Cu Btcm-]-W-ß-fn¬

kXy-apt≠m F∂-dn-bm≥ Bflm¿∞-ambn BK-ln-°p-∂-

h-cpsS Zmlhpw hni∏pw AI-‰m-\p≈ ka-b-a-Sp-Øn-cn-°p

∂psh∂p F\n-°-dn-bmw. Jp¿-B≥ F∂ hnip-≤-KŸw "em

C-Ivdml n±o≥' aX-Øn¬ _em¬°m-c-an-√˛ AXm-b-Xp,

aX-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp _e-]-tbm-Khpw

]mSn√ F∂p hy‡-amb am¿§-\n¿t±iw \evIn-bn-cn-s°,

B CkvemwaX-[¿Ω-sØ-∏‰n _e-]-tbm-K-Øns‚ aX-sa∂p

]d-bmtam? ]cn-ip-≤-a-°-bn¬ ]Xn-aq-∂p-sIm-√-°mew Xn∑sb

Xn∑-sIm≠v t\cn-S-cp-sX∂pw £abpw kl-\hpw ssIs°m-

1. Cu Btcm-]-W-Øn\v G‰hpw i‡n-a-Ømb ]n¥p-W-\evIp-∂Xv Ckvem-an¬ ASpØ ImeØv DS-se-SpØ mjnÃv I£n-bmb "Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-'bm-W-v. AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb A_p¬AAvem kmln_v auZqZn hmfns\]Io¿Øn®v ]d-™Xv Cßs\: ""]t_m-[-\-ßfpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw hy¿∞-ambn ]cn-W-an-®-tijw Ckvemw-a-X-]-t_m-[-I≥ hmƒ ssIbn-se-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒa\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ia-Øn¬ Ia-Øn¬ Xn∑-bp-sSbpw AI-a-ß-fp-sSbpw Id-Iƒ \oßn-Øp-Sßn''. (A¬Pn-lm-Zv n¬Ckvemw: 137- 138) Ckvem-ans‚ hniz-]-Nm-c-sØ-∏-‰n- Iq-e¶-j-amb ]T\w \S-Ønb hnipX Hmdn-b‚-enÃv k¿. tXmakv B¿t\mƒUv Xs‚ hniz-hn-Jym-X-amb "]o®nwKv Hm^vCkvemw' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ Cßs\ FgpXn: ""apkvenw `c-W-Øns‚ BZy-L-´-Øn¬ InkvXy≥ ]P-I-fpsSt\sc ]I-Sn-∏n-®p-t]m-∂n-cp∂ kln-jvWpXh®p t\m°p-tºmƒ aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ hkvXpX hmfm-bn-cp∂psh∂ s]mXp \nK-a\w H´pw Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn tXm∂p-∂n-√. a¿±-\-Øn-t‚-X-√mØ at‰-sX-¶nepw Dt±iyw Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Is≠-Øm≥ \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.'' (P.69)˛]-cn:


≈-W-sa∂pw Xs‚ kJm-°-tfmSpw kvt\ln-X-tcmSpw cmhpw

]I-ep-ambn D]-tZ-in®p sIm≠n-cp-∂n- p≈ Hcp hµym-flm-

hns‚ t]cn¬ _e-]-tbmKw \S-Øn-b-Xm-bp≈ Btcm-]Ww

D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-sX-ßs\? F∂m¬, iXp-°-fpsS AXym-Nm-

c-ß-ƒ AXn-cp-I-S-∂-t∏mƒ Ckvemw-[¿ΩsØ thtcmsS \in-

∏n-°m-\mbn kI-e-i-‡n-Ifpw H∂n®p tN¿∂p ian-®-t∏mƒ,

"hmfp-b¿Øn-b-h≥ hmfm¬ \in-°Ww' F∂ \n¿_-‘-Øn

¬ ssZh-Øns‚ A`n-am-\-t_m[w Xnf®p adn-bp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-

b-Xv. Jp¿-B≥ Hcn-°epw _e-]-tbm-K-Øns‚ ]mTw \evIn-

bn- n-√. _e-]-tbm-K-Øns‚ ]mTw \evIn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ \Ωp

sS \_n-(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Xncp-k-Jm-°ƒ ]co-£m-L- -

ß-fn¬ Bflm¿∞-X-bp≈ kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-t∏mse

B¿÷hw ImWn-°m≥ ]m]vX-cm-bn-Øo-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

\ΩpsS \_n-(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bptSbpw kzlm-_m-°-fp-tSbpw

Bflm¿∞X ChnsS FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-bpt≠m? Ah-

cpsS kXy-k-‘-X-bp-sSbpw Bflm ¿∞Xbp-sSbpw amXr-I-

Iƒ as‰mcp kap-Zm-b-Ønepw XpeyX ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ

Xc-Øn-ep-≈-X-sX. JUvK-ßƒ°v Iognepw Ah¿ Xß-fp

sS Bflm¿∞-Xbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw ssIsbm-gn-®n-√. kpZo-

]vX-amb lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\- n¬ \n∂pw amX-a-√msX

]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-am-dn-√mØ kXy-k-‘-Xbpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw

Ah¿ ]cn-ip-≤-\-_n-bpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-®p.

Npcp-°n∏-d™m¬, Ckvem-an¬ _e-]-tbm-K-Øn\p Hcp ÿm\-

hp-an-√.

aq∂pXc-Øn-ep≈ bp≤-Øn\v amXsa Ckvemw A\p-

hmZw \evIp-∂p-≈q:

1. ]Xn-tcm-[-Iw˛ F∂ph®m¬, Bflc£-b°p th≠n-

bp≈ bp≤w.

2. ]Xn-In-bm-]-cw˛ F∂ph®m¬, tNmc°v tNmc F∂

\ne-bn¬ in£m-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ bp≤w.


3. ]tam-N-\-]-cw˛ F∂ph®m¬, Ckvem-ans\ Bt«-

jn-°p-∂-hsc \nK-ln-°p∂ `oI-c-a¿±I `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-

fn¬\n∂p tamN\w ]m]n-°m-\p≈ kzmX-¥y-k-a-cw.

_ew-]-tbm-Kn®pw sIm√p-sa∂v `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw

Bsc-sb-¶nepw am¿KwIq´m-\p≈ \n¿t±iw Ckvem-anen√m

Ø\ne°v c‡-Zmln alvZn-bp-sSbpw c‡-Zmln ako-ln-s‚

bpw Bhn¿`m-hsØ Ipdn-®p≈ ]Xo£ \nc¿∞-I-am-sW

∂p hy‡-am-W-t√m. Jp¿-Bs‚ A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ°v hn]-co-

X-ambn P\-ßsf apkvenw-I-fm-°m≥ hmfp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

Hcmƒ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂Xv Hcn-°epw kw -mhy-a-√. CXv

a\- n-em-°m≥ ]bm--k-ap≈ Imcytam a\p-jys‚ [mc

Wmi‡n-°-Xo-X-am-bn- p≈ ]iv\tam A√. kzm¿∞Xm¬]-

cy-ßƒ Imc-Ww, hnUvVn-Iƒ Hcp ]t£, Aß-s\-sb√mw

hniz-kn-s®-∂p-h-cpw. alvZn-Camw bp≤w sNbvXv Xßƒ°p

hln-°m≥ Ign-bm-ØX apX-ep-Iƒ t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-sa-∂m

hpw Cu aue-hn-am¿ ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp∂ [mcW! C°m-esØ

aue-hn-am-sc√mw Zcn-Z-cm-Wt√m! Ah--sc√mw alvZnCam-ans‚

hchpw ImØn-cn-∏m-Wv. Xß-fpsS kzm¿∞]c-amb BK-l-

ß-sf√mw alvZn shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-tXmsS \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp-sa∂

hnNm-c-Øn¬ ]mh-ßƒ cmhpw ]Iepw X≈n-\o-°p-∂p. AXp-

sIm≠v, CØ-c-samcp alvZn-bn¬ hnizmkw sIm≈mØ Bƒ

s°-Xnsc Ah¿ AWn-\n-c-°p-∂-Xn¬ A¤p-X-an-√. AØ-c-

sam-cmsf Ah¿ Im^n-sd∂p apZ-IpØn Ckvem-anI hrØ-

Øn¬\n∂p ]pd-¥-≈m-s\m-cp-ßp-∂p. Cu Iq -cpsS IÆn¬

Rm\pw Hcp Im^n-dm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AsX, C°m-c-

W-Øm¬Øs∂. F s¥∂m¬, Rm≥ c‡-Zmln alvZn-bn

epw tNmc-s°m-Xn-b≥ ako-lnepw hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. A√,

Rm≥ AØcw \nc¿ ∞I Bi-b-ßsf shdp-°p-Ibpw Ah-

⁄-tbmsS X≈n-°-f-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah-cpsS mh-\-

bn-ep≈ CØcw alvZn-bnepw CØcw ako-lnepw hniz-kn-

°m-Ø-Xn-\mWv Ah-scs∂ Im^n-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂p


amX-a-√, ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p≈ hy‡-amb shfn-]m-S-\p-k-cn®v

ss__n-fnepw Jp¿-B\nepw lZo-Yp-I-fnepw kphn-tijw

Adnbn°-s∏´ kXy-a-lvZnbpw hmKvZØw sNø-s∏´ kXy-a-

kolpw Rm≥ Xs∂-bm-sW∂p Rm≥ ]c-ky-ambn ]Jym-

]n-®n- p-≈Xpw Fs∂ Im^n-dm-°n-b-Xn-\p≈ ImcWw Xs∂.

F∂m¬, alvZo-a-ko-lm-sW∂p hmZn-°p∂ F\nbv°v hmtfm

tXmt°m \evI-s∏- n- n-√. hn\-b-tØmSpw kuay-X-bnepw P\-

ßsf ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v hnfn-°m-\mWv Rm≥ B⁄m-]n-

°--s∏- n- p-≈-Xv. B ssZh-am-I-s´, \nXy\pw am‰-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

]c-a-]-cn-ip-≤\pw ]c-a-⁄m-\nbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw ]c-

a-\o-Xn-am-\p-amb kXyssZh-am-Ip-∂p.

Rm≥ shfn®w

Cu Ccp-≠-Im-e-L- -Ønse shfn-®-am-Ip∂p Rm≥. Ccp-

´n¬ \S-°p-∂-h¿°mbn ]nimNv Hcp-°n-h® ]Sp-Ip-gn-I-fn¬

hogp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Fs∂ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-h¿ c£n-°-s∏-Spw.

kam-[m-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw hn\-b-am¿§-Ønepw kXy-ssZ-h-Øn-

te°v P\-ßsf hgn\SØp-∂-Xn\pw Ckvem-an¬ [m¿Ωn-I-

X-°p-ff ÿm\w Du∂n-bp-d-∏n-°p∂Xn\p-am-bn- sX Fs∂

ssZhw Ab-®n- p-≈-Xv. kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ°v kwXr]vXn ]Zm

\w sNøp∂ kz¿§o-bmSbmf-ßƒ ssZhw F\n-°p-th≠n

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. F\n°v ]n¥pW \evIn-s°m≠v

A√mlp A¤p-X-ßƒ ImWn®p. Znhy-ZuXyw hmZn-°p∂

kXym-flm-°-fpsS AS-bm-f-ambn thZ-K-Ÿ-ßƒ hnh-cn-®p-X-

cp∂]Imcw AZr-iy-Im-c-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw mhn-sb-∏-‰n-bp-

ap≈ cl-ky-hn-h-c-ßƒ F\n°v ssZhw shfn-s∏-SpØn X∂n-

cn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ F\n°p ]mh-\hpw hnip-≤-hp-amb ⁄m\w

\evIn Fs∂ A\p-K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn \m¬ kXysØ

shdp-°p-Ibpw Ccp- ns\ CjvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sN øp∂ Bflm-

°ƒ F\ns°XnscØn-cn-™p. F∂m¬, F\n °mIp-thmfw

Rm≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\p t\sc A\p-I-ºmep Bbn-cn-°p-

∂-Xm-Wv.


Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ InkvXym-\n-I-tfm-Sp≈ G‰hpw hen

b A\p-I-ºm-]-I-S\w Ah-cpsS i≤ kXy-ssZ-h-Øn-te°v

£Wn-°pI F∂Xp Xs∂-bm-Wv. B kXy-ssZhw P\n-°p-

Ibpw acn-°p-Ibpw IjvS-a-\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNømØ ssZh-

am-Ip∂p. BZysØ tJNc-ßsf tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ kr„n-®-

h-\mWv ssZhw. tKmf-Øn-s\-∂-t]mse ssZh-Øn¬ GIo-

`m-hhpw D∑p-J-cm-ln-XyhpamWp-≈-Xv. CXsX Cu ]IrXn

\nbaw hgn \evIo- p≈ Bflo-b-Z¿i-\-Øn-e-S-ßnb XØz-

kmcw! AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv iq\y-a-fi-e-Øn¬ ÿnXn-

sN-øp∂ H-∂pw XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏- n- n-√m-

ØXv. F∂p-h-®m¬, ssZhw BZy-Øn¬ krjvSn® `qan,

BImiw, kqcy-N-µ-∑m¿, \£-X-ßƒ, [mXp-°ƒ XpS-ßn-

b-h-sb√mwXs∂ tKmf-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈-X-sX. Cu tKmf-cq]w

sFIy- m-h-Øn-te-°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv. GsXmcp ssZh-

Øns‚ krjvSn-Iƒ ssZhw XnXz-k-¶-ev]-Øn¬\n∂v ap‡-

am-sW∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-∂pthm B ]tXyI ssZh-Øn-te°v

InkvXym-\n-Isf hgn \S-ØpI F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ D]-cn-bm-

bn- p≈ A\p-Iºm ]I-S\w as‰m∂pw Xs∂-bn-√.

apkven-w-I-tfmSv ImWn-°m-\p≈ G‰hpw henb klm-

\q- qXn Ah-cn¬ [m¿Ωn-I-]-cn-jvI-cWw hcp-Øp-Ibpw c‡-

s°m-Xn-b≥ alvZo-a-ko-lns‚ Bhn¿`mhw kw_-‘n®v

Ah¿ ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp∂ Ckvem-anI ]m-T-ßƒ°v hncp-≤-

amb hnizmk ]Xo-£-Iƒ Ah-cn¬\n∂v AI-‰n-°-f-bp-Ibpw

sNøpI-sb-∂-X-sX. Ckvem-ans\ hmƒap-\-Im´n ]N-cn-∏n-

°p∂ Hcp tbm≤y-alvZn shfn-s∏-Sp-sa∂p C°m-esØ Nne

apkvenw ]finX∑m¿ ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ hnizm-k-]-Xo-£-Iƒ

Jp¿-Bs‚ ]mT-ßƒ°v hncp-≤-am-bn- p-≈Xpw AXym¿Øn-

bp-sSbpw kzm¿∞-hn-Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw e-am-bn- p-≈XpamsW

∂p Rm≥ apI-fn¬ hy‡-am-°n-°-gn-™p. AXp-sIm≠v t\¿

°pt\sc Nn¥n-°p∂ kXy-kvt\-ln-bmb Hcp apkven-an\v

CØcw hnizm-kßfpw Bi-b-ßfpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ Jp¿-


B≥ i≤m-]q¿∆w hmbn-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-an-te°v Hcmsf

am¿§w Iq´p-∂-Xn\v sIm√p-sa∂ ojWn ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv

Znhy-h-N-\-ßƒ°v XnI®pw FXn-cm-bn- p≈XmsW∂v Nn¥n-

®-dn-bp-Ibpw amXta th≠q. Cu sX‰mb Bi-b-ßsf J

fin-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu Hscm‰ hmZ-KXn aXn-bm-Ipw. F∂mepw

Cu klm-\p- qXn Imc-W-am-bn-Øs∂ taev∏-d™ Bi-b-

ßsf Ncn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw a‰p-ap≈ hy‡-amb A\p-Iq-e-

sØ-fn-hp-Iƒ aptJ\ Jfin-®p-Im- m≥ Rm≥ \n›-bn-®n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. AXpsIm≠v, tbip Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-®n- n-s√∂pw

At±lw BIm-i-tØ°pb¿∂v t]mbn- n-s√∂pw BIm-i-

Øn¬\n∂v At±lw Fs∂-¶nepw ho≠pw `qan-bn¬ Cd-

ßn-h-cp-sa∂v Icp-Xm-h-X-s√∂pw t\scadn®v At±lw 120-

˛mw hb- n¬ Iivao-cnse io\-K-dn¬h®v Ncaw ]m]n®p

sh∂pw B \K-c-Ønse Jm≥bm¿ sXcp-hn¬ At±lØns‚

arX-Ip-Socw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂psh∂pw Rm≥ Cu KŸ-Øn¬

sXfn-bn®p Im´p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Rm≥ Cu Kth-j-W-K-ŸsØ ]Øp A≤ym-b-ßfpw

Hcp kam-]vXhpambn Xcw Xncn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂p. 1-. ss_-_nƒ

sXfn-hp-Iƒ. 2. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥, lZoYv sXfn-hp-Iƒ. 3-.-

ssh-Zy-imkvX KŸ-ß-fpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ. 4. Ncn-X-tc-J-I-

fpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ. 5. -]-c-º-cbm ]d™p h∂n- p≈ hmsam-

gn-Iƒ. 6. A\phmNIcpsS A`n]mb sFIyØn¬\n∂v \ap

°p In´nb sXfnhpIƒ. 7. bp‡n-\ym-b-]-c-amb sXfn-hpIƒ.

8. F\nbv°p e`n® ]pXnb shfn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn-ep≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ. Cßs\ F´p sXfn-hp-Iƒ°p ]pd-

sa, Hº-Xm-a-Xmbn Ckvem-an-te-bpw, InkvXp-a-X-Øn-tebpw

A≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS kw£n-]vX-amb Hcp Xmc-Xay]T-\hpw

Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-Øn-te-bv°p≈ sXfn-hp-IfpaS-ßnb Hc-

≤ym-bhpw. ]Øm-asØ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ssZhw Fs∂

\ntbm-Kn-®-Xn-te-bv°p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ hnh-cn-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wv.


HSp-hn-esØ kam-]vX-Øn¬ Nne ][m-\-s∏´ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw

am¿K-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°pw.

A\p-hm-N-I¿ Cu KŸw AXo-h-i-≤-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]Tn-

°p-sa∂p Rm≥ ]Xym-in-°p-∂p. Zpcq-l-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-

am°n ap≥hn-[n-tbmsS Cu kXy-ßsf hen-s®-dn-™p-I-f-b-

cp-sX∂p Rm\h-tcm-S- y¿∞n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. Fs‚ Cu Kth-

j-W-KŸw [ndpXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈n-b-X-s√∂p Rm\-hsc

Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øs´. A√, Cu KŸ-Øn-ep-∂-bn-®n- p≈ sXfn-

hp-Iƒ Kth-j-W-\n-jvWm-Xhpw AKm-[-Nn-¥-bpsS ehp

asX! Cu kwcw- -Øn¬ F\nbv°v klmbw \evIp-∂-Xn\pw

Ahs‚ khn-ti-j-amb shfn-]m-Sp-I-fmepw Bfl-]-tNm-Z-\-

ß-fmepw kXy-Øns‚ kºq¿Æ-amb ]Imiw F\nbv°p

e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Aßs\ F√m kXy-amb ⁄m\-ßfpw

kwip-≤-amb Adn-hp-Ifpw Ah-\n¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ Cd-ßn-°n-

´p-∂-Xn\pw, a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ am¿K-Z¿i-\-ap-≠m-°p-∂-

Xn¬ Ahs‚ ku`mKyw e`n-bv°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Rm≥

ssZh-tØmSv ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Bao≥ ! Bao≥!

JmZn-bm≥ ˛ an¿km KpemwAlvaZv

G]n¬ 25, 1899


A[ymbw 1

tbip Ipcn-in¬ acn-®n- n√bqZmCkvI-cn-bq-Øn-bpsS hnizm-k-Lm-XIw \nanØw

lZvdØv Cukm-a-ko-lv(-A) iXp-°-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬s] v Iq-

in-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]ns∂ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p BIm-i-Øn-¬

Itc-dn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXpsh∂p InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-

kn®pt]mcp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ah-cpsS hnip-≤-K-Ÿ-Øn¬-˛-

ss_-_n-fn¬-˛-hn-Nn-¥\w sNøp-tºmƒ Cu hnizmk

kn≤m¥w tIhew A_-≤-am-bn- p-≈-Xm-sW∂v kv]jvS-am-

Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. bq\pkv (tbm\m ]hm-N-I≥) IS-em-\-bpsS hb-

‰n¬ aq∂v cmhpw aq∂v ]Iepw Ccp-∂-t]mse a\p-jy-]p-

X≥ aq∂v cmhpw aq∂v ]-Iepw `qan-bpsS D≈n¬ Ccn°pw

F∂v aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tij(12:40)Øn¬ Fgp-X-s∏- n-cn-

°p-∂p. tbm\m a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ acn-®n-s√-∂Xv kv]jvS-

amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-W-t√m. Gdn-bm¬ At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-

bXp tamlm-ekyw amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv At±lw a’y-

Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ Poh-t\m-Sn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬\n∂v Poh-

t\msS ]pdØv hcn-Ibpw HSp-hn¬ At±-lsØ Xs‚ P\-

ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂v Znhy-th-Z-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ

km£n-°p-∂p. AXn\m¬ tbip-a-nin-lm, InkvXy¿ ]d-bp-

∂Xpt]mse, qan-bpsS hb-‰n¬ acn-®p-In-S-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-

sX-¶n¬ arX\v Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-bm-fp-ambn F¥p kmZr-iy-

am-Wp-≈Xv? Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-hs\ acn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-\p-ambn

Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂sXßs\? hmkvX-h-sa-¥m-sW∂p


h®m¬ lZvdØv Cukm-a-kolv Hcp kXy-]-hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp-

∂-Xn-\m¬ Xm≥ GsXm-cp-hs‚ ]nb-Zm-k-\m-tWm B

]tXyI ssZhw Xo¿®-bmbpw, Xs∂ im]-a-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂v

c£n-°p-sa∂v At±lw t_m[n-°p-Ibpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-∂p. X∑qew At±lw X\n°v ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p-

≠mb shfn-]m-S-\p-k-cns®mcp ]h-N-\-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv

Cu D]a FSp-Øp-]-d™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xm≥ Ipcn-in-t∑¬h®v

acn-°p-I-bn-s√∂pw B im]-a-c-Øn-t∑¬ Xs‚ ]mW≥ hnSp-

I-bn-s√∂pw adn®p tbm\m-]-hm-N-I-s\-t∏mse tamlm-e-ky-

s∏-SpI amX-am-Wp-≠m-hp-I-sb∂pw At±lw ]kvXpX D]a

sIm≠v kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Xs∂-bp-a√ Xm≥ qan-bpsS

hb-‰n¬\n∂v ]pdØv h∂-tijw Xs‚ P\-ß-fp-ambn ImWp-

Ibpw tbm\m-sb-t∏mse Xm≥ Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ kam-Zr-X-

\mbn hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pIqSn AXn¬ kqNn-X-am-bn-

cn-°p-∂p-≠v. A]-ImcwXs∂ Cu ]h-N\w \nh¿Øn-bm-

hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Fß-s\-sb-∂m¬ `qan-bpsS DZ-c-Øn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øp-

h-∂-Xn¬]ns∂, aninlm Iivao-¿, Xn_Øv XpS-ßnb ]q¿∆-

]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hkn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Xs‚ P\-ß-fpsS ASp-

°¬˛ AXm-bXv A q-dnbm cmPm-hmb im¬a≥Z¿ In.-ap.

721 ¬ kman-cnø (Sameria)bn¬\n∂v XS-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSn-®p-

sIm-≠p-t]mb ]Øv tKmX-°m-cn¬s]´ Ckm-tb¬ k¥-

Xn-I-fpsS ASp-°¬ sN√p-I-bp-≠mbn. B ]Øp -tKm-X-°m¿

C¥y-bn¬h∂p cmPy-Øns‚ hnhn[ mK-ß-fn¬ IpSn-]m¿

°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ aninlm Cu ÿe-ß-fnepw

k©-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. At±-l-Øn\v e`n® Znhy-

Zu-Xy-Øns‚ ]c-a-e£yw ImWm-sX-t]mb BSp-I-fmb blq-

Z-tKm-X-°msc I≠p-]n-Sn®v Ah¿°v kzk-tµiw FØn®p

sImSp-°pI F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B IpSn-tb-dnb PqX-h¿§-

°m¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ckm-tb¬ Krl-Ønse ImWmsX


t]mb BSp-Iƒ. Ah¿ Cu ]q¿∆-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ Xma-k-ap-d-

∏n-®-Xn¬]ns∂ Xß-fpsS ]q¿∆-aXw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw Ah-

cn¬ qcn- m-K-°mcpw _u≤--[¿Ωw Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw Ita

W hnK-lm-cm-[-\-°m-cmbn A[x-]-Xn®p t]mIp-Ibpw sNbv

Xn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iivao¿ \nhm-kn-Iƒ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ PqX

∑m-cm-bn-cp∂psh∂pw A q-dnbm cmPm-hns‚ BI-a-W- -

e-ambn NnX-dn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw Cu cmPy-Øn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Øp-

Xp-S-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂psh∂pw At\Iw

hnZzm-∑m-cpsS ]am-W-ßsf D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]m›mXy k

©m-cn-bmb tUmŒ¿ s_¿Wy¿ Xs‚ k©mc-°p-dn-∏n¬

sXfn-bn-®n´p-≠v2. Aßs\ Cu cmPy-Øn¬h∂p Xma-k-am-

°nb Ch¿ Cu cmPy-°m-cp-ambn Ie¿∂p anin-X-cm-bn-t∏m-

bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu ImWm-sX-t]mb BSp-Isf Xnc-™p-]n-

Sn-t°-≠Xp Cukm-a-ko-lns‚ Hgn-®p-Iq-SmØ [¿a-am-Ip-∂p.

AXn≥]-Imcw At±lw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ C¥y-bn¬ hcp-

Ibpw ]e Xmh-f-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn®p HSp-hn¬ Iivao-

cnseØn-t®-cp-Ibpw AhnsS _p≤-aXw BN-cn®p t]m∂-

h¿°n-S-bn¬ Xs‚ P\sØ Is≠-Øp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. HSp-hn¬

tbm\msb At±-l-Øns‚ P\w kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-t]mse

aninlm Xs‚ P\-ß-fmepw kzoI-cn-°-s∏- p. CsX√mw C]-

ImcwXs∂ kw -hn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs¥-

∂m¬ Xm≥ Ckm-tb¬ Krl-Ønse ImWm-sX-t]mb BSp-

I-fpsS ASp-tØ-°-√msX Ab-°-s∏- n- n√ F∂p aninlm

kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ kphy‡w ]d-™n- p-≈-Xm-Wv.

tbip i]vX-\√

"ac-Øn-t∑¬ Xq°n-s°m-√-s∏- -h≥ ssZh-Øm¬ i]n-°-

s∏- -h≥' F∂p hnip-≤-th-Z-]p-kv-XIØn¬3 Fgp-X-s∏- n-cn-

°p-∂-Xn\mepw tbip-an-inlm Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v c£-

2. tUmIvS¿ s_¿Wy¿kv Smh¬kv.

3. Bh¿Ø-\w, 21:22


s∏- n-cn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcm-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. "eAv-

\Øv' AYhm im]w F∂ ]ZwsIm≠v kqNn-X-am-Ip∂ A¿

∞w Cukm-a-ko-ln-s\-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp hcn-jvTm-flm-hns‚

t]cn¬ Hcp \nan-j-t\-c-tØ°pt]mepw Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xp

Atß-b-‰sØ A\o-Xnbpw A[¿Ω-h-p-am-Ip-∂p. F¥p-sIm-

s≠-∂m¬ mjm- n-⁄-∑m-cmb ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS A`n-]mb

]Imcw im](-e-Av-\-Øv) i_vZ-Øns‚ A¿∞w am\-k-\n-

e-tbbpw B-flobÿnXn-tbbpw _m[n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈-

Xm-Wv. Bsc-°p-dn®mInepw "i]n-°-s∏- -h≥' F∂v ]d-b-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ahs‚ lrZbw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ccp-≠p-t]m-Ip

Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-Øn\pw t]a-Øn\pw A]m-X-

ambn lrZbw ⁄m-\-iq-\y-ambn hn-°p-Ibpw kmØm-s\-

t∏mse Bflo-bm-‘-\mbn Ahn-izm-k-am-Ip∂ hnjwsIm≠v

\nd™ lrZ-b-tØm-SpIqSnb Zp¿ -K-\m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw ssZhm-

\p-cm-K-Øn-t‚tbm ssZh-t_m-[-Øn-t‚tbm IWn-I-t]mepw

C√m-Xmbn kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw hniz-kvX-X-bp-sSbpw F√m

_‘hpw A‰-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv.

as‰mcp ]Im-c-Øn¬ Ah\pw ssZhhpw XΩn¬ hntcm-[hpw

shdp∏pw kwPm-X-am-hp-Ibpw Ctß-b‰w ssZhw Ah-s‚bpw

Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw iXp-hm-bn-Øo-c-pIbpw ssZhw Ah-

s\bpw Ah≥ ssZh-sØbpw shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂ Hcp

ÿnXn-hn-]-cybw kw -hn-®n-cn-°p-tºm-g-sX. Hcp-h≥ k¿∆Ym

kmØms‚ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-bmbn Xocp-amdv AX°pw A[x-

]-Xn-®n-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv "i]n-°-s∏- -h≥' F∂ t]cv km¿∞-

I-ambn hn-°p-I. kmØm\v "eCu≥' AYhm "i]vX≥' F∂p

t]cm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv CXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv4. At∏mƒ

i]vX≥ F∂p-]-d-™m¬ A -‡\pw A[¿Ωn-bp-amb Hcp

Zpcm-flm-hm-sW∂v kn≤n-®p. lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZh-t]aw IpSn-

sIm-≈p∂ Hcp [¿Ωm-flm-hn-s‚-t]-cn¬ Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw4. enkm-\p¬ Ad-_v, knlm-lpPu-l-cn, Jmaq-kv, aplo-Xzv, XmPp¬ Adqkv

apX-emb i_vZ-tIm-i-ßƒ t\m°pI.


kw_-‘n-∏n®p ]d-™p-Iq-SmØ Xc-Øn¬ F-Xbpw \oNhpw

\nµy-hp-am-bn- p-≈-XmWv Cu i]vX i_vZw. Atlm I„w!

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS hnizmk-]-am-W-ßƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cp∂ ImeØp im]i_vZ-Øns‚ A¿∞-sØ-°p-dn®v

Nn¥n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bns-√∂mWv hnNmcnt°≠nbncn°p∂Xv.

A√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬ CXbpw Zp„m¿∞-I-amb Cu ]Zw

anin-lm-sb-t∏m-ep≈ kXym-flm-hns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿ kw_-

‘n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. anin-lm-bpsS lrZbw bYm¿∞-Øn¬

ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v th¿s∏´I∂pt]mhp-Ibpw At±-lw

ssZhsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw Ahs\ shdp-°p-Ibpw tZzjn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp L´w At±lØns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬

Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw Ign-™n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn k¶ev]n-°p-hm≥

\ap°v Ign-bptam? AY-hm, At±lw ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v

AI∂p Ahs\ shdp-°p-Ibpw \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-

dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ lrZbw Xtam-a-b-am-bn-Øo

¿∂ Hc\p- hw At±-l-Øn\v h√-t∏m-sg-¶nepw D≠m-bn- p-

≈-Xmbn \ap°v Duln-°m≥ H°ptam? hmkvX-h-Øn¬ At±-

l-Øns‚ at\m-X-e-Øn¬ CØ-c-samcp hn]-cybw Hcn-°epw

kw -hn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬˛ adn®p At±-l-Øns‚ am\kw F√m-

bvt∏mgpw ssZh-t_m-[hpw ssZh-t]-ahpw sIm≠v ]q¿tÆm-

Pz-e-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bmWv sN-bv-Xn-cp-s∂-sX-¶n¬˛ A√tbm aXn-

am∑m-tc, CsX-Xbpw Nn¥y-amsbmcp hnj-b-am-Wv. ssZh-

im]w H∂-√, kl-tkm]n kl-kw, X’m-l-N-cy-ß-tfm-

sSm∏w At±-l-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ B]-Xn®psh∂p ]d-

bp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Cu hnizm-k-kw-ln-Xsb ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-

cm≥ \aps°ßs\ Ignbpw? C√! Hcn-°epw Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

F∂m¬]ns∂, At±lw im]-K-kvX-\msb ∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-sX-¥n\v?

lm, IjvSw! a\p-jy≥ Hcp kwKXn ]d™p t]mIp-I

tbm GXm-In-ep-samcp hnizm-k-kn-≤m¥w ssIs°m≈pI


tbm sNbvXp-I-gn-™m¬]ns∂ B kwK-Xn-bp-sStbm B

kn≤m-¥-Øn-s‚tbm bp‡n- w-Khpw \nc¿∞-I-Xbpw FX-

Xs∂ shfn-s∏- mepw AXns\ ssIsh-Sn-bm≥ Iq´m-°m-dn-√.

Cu \ne FXbpw timN-\o-b-am-bn- p-≈-Xm-Wv. tam£-]m-

]vXn-°p≈ A`n-emjw kXy-Øn-t∑¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-sW-¶n

¬ AXp kvXpXy¿lw Xs∂. F∂m¬, kXy-]-hm-N-I-\mb

Hcp ]mh-\m-flm-hn\v ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w A‰p-t]m-I-

Ø° A\y-YmXzw kw -hn-®v, GIm-K- -‡nbv°pw hnizm-k-

\n-jvTbv°pw wK-I-c-amw-hn[w At±-l-Øn\v ssZh hp-ambn

A\ym-Xzhpw hnc-lhpw hncm-Khpw kwPm-X-ambn, At±-l-

Øns‚ lrZbw ssZhm-\p-cm-K-]- bv°p]Icw Xtam- m-h-Øn

s‚ Ccn-∏n-S-am-bn-Øo¿∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn\p Xpey-amb

Xc-Øn-ep≈ B hnizm-k-kn-≤m-¥sØ ssIs°m≈pIbpw

Aßs\ Hcp kXy-XØzsØ Adp-sIme sNøp-Ibpw sNbv

Xp-sIm-≠p≈ tam£m- n-em-j-Øn\v F¥¿∞-am-Wp≈-Xv.

Xs∂-bp-a-√, Cu hnizm-k-kn-≤m¥w tbip-a-nin-lm-bpsS

Znhy-amb ]hm-NIZuXyw "kphn-tij'Øn¬ DS-\ofw At±

lw Ah-Im-i-s∏´p ImWp∂ Xs‚ tijvT-Xbv°pw ssZh-

t]-a-Øn\pw Znhy-⁄m-\-e-_v[n-°p-sa√mw ISI hncp-≤-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Xm≥ temI-Øns‚ ]Zo-]-am-sW∂pw

kXy-am¿§-Z¿i-I-\m-sW∂pw X\n°p ssZh-hp-ambn AXyp

¬°r-jvS-amb Xc-Øn-ep-≈ Hcp kvt\l-_-‘-ap-s≠∂pw

Xm≥ Ah-¶¬ Hcp ]mh-\-P∑w ]m]n-®n-cn-°p∂psh∂pw

Ahs‚ ]nb-]p-X-\m-sW-∂p-sa√mw At±lw Ah-Im-i-s∏-

´n- p-≈-Xmbn "kphn-ti-j'ßƒ hmbn®p t\m°p∂ Gh¿°pw

kv]jvS-ambn ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ At±-l-Øn\v

ssZh-hp-ambn Ahn- m-Py-amb ]mh\ t]a-_‘w \ne-\n-

∂n-cns° At±-l-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ im]-kw-_-‘n-bmb

Aip-≤m¿∞w km£m-¤-hn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? CsXm-cn-°epw

kw`m-hy-a√Xs∂. AXp-sIm≠v At±-lsØ Iqin®p sIm


∂n- n-s√-∂Xp sXfns™mcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv Ipcn-

in-t∑¬ Xd-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw At±lw AXn-t∑¬ acn-

®n-cp-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ Iq-io-I-c-W-Øns‚ esØ kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡nXzw FXbpw D]-cn-

bm-bn- p-≈-X-sX. Cßs\ At±lw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-®n-s√∂p

hcp-tºmƒ im]-Øns‚ Aip-≤hpw A]-hn-X-hp-amb e-

Ønepw kml-N-cy-Ønepw\n∂v ktµ-l-at\y At±-l-Øns‚

lrZbw \n¿_m-[hpw kpc-£n-X-hp-am-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂psh∂p

kn≤n-°p-∂p. CXn¬\n∂v, At±lw BIm-i-Øn¬ Itc-dn-

t∏m-bn- n-s√∂pw sXfn-™n-cn-°-bmWv. Fs¥-∂m¬, At±l-

Øns‚ BIm-im-tcm-lW k¶ev]w Iqio-I-cW ]≤-Xn-bp

sS Hcp LS-Ihpw imJ-bp-a-sX. AXn\m¬ At±lw im]-

KkvX-\m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw aq∂p Znhkw \c-I-Øn-en-cp-∂n-

s√∂pw ac-Øn-t∑¬ Xqßn acn-®n- n-s√∂pw sXfn-™-tXmsS

AXns‚ c≠m-asØ hi-amb BIm-im-tcm-l-Whpw Ahm-

kvX-h-sa∂p kn≤n-®p. CXn-te°p kphn-ti-j-Øn¬\n∂p

thsdbpw At\Iw ]am-W-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ah-sb-°p-

dn®v Xmsg ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-sIm-≈mw.

I√-d-bn¬\n∂v Keo-ebv°v

B sXfn-hp-I-fn-sem∂p lZvdØv anin-lm-bpsS apJØp

\n∂p ]pd-s∏- n- p≈ Cu hN-\-asX:- ""F∂m¬, Rm≥ Dbn

¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-tijw \nßƒ°p apºmbn Keo-ebv°p t]m

Ipw'' (a-Øm.26:32). kw -hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂ AXym-ln-X-sØ-

°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in-®n- p≈ Cu hm°n¬\n∂v kv]jvS-am-Ip-

∂-Xv, At±lw I√-d-bn¬\n∂v ]pdØph∂-Xn-\p-tijw

BIm-i-Øn-te-°-√, t\sc Keo-e-bn-te-°mWv t]mbXv F∂-

sX. "Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ tijw' F∂p ]d-™-Xns‚ hnh-

£nXw InkvXp- b-Ym¿∞-Øn¬ acn-®n´p Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-

Xn-\p-tijw F∂m-bn-cn-°m-h-X-√. blqZcp-tSbpw a‰p kmam

\y P\-ß-fp-tSbpw ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ At±lw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn®p


t]mbn-cp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. AXn-\m¬, At±lw ap≥Iq- n-Øs∂

Ah-cpsS hn-jy-hn-Nm-csØ hn`m-h\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv

Cu hm°p-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv. Ipcn-in-t∑¬ Xq°-

s∏-Sp-∂-bm-fpsS Imep-I-fnepw ssII-fnepw BWn-I-f-Sn®p

Ib-‰-s∏-SpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. Aßs\ AXn-t∑¬ Xqßn-°n-S∂v

Xoh-th-Z-\-bm¬ aq¿—n®p acn® \ne-bn¬ Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-

bmƒ B sImSpw-bm-X-\bv°ptijw t_m[whoWp ]q¿∆m-

h-ÿ-]m-]n-°p∂ ]£w, "Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p h∂p' F∂v

Abm-sf-∏‰n ]db-s∏-Sp-∂Xp AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bm-bn-cn-°n√

Xs∂. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp sImSpw-bm-X\ A\p- -hn-®-Xn-\p-

tijw aninlm c£-s∏- Xp Hcp km[m-cW kw -h-a-√, Hcp

A¤p-X-Zr-jvSm-¥-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p \n w-ibw ]d-bmw. F

∂m¬, A-t±lw ac-Øn-t∑¬ ]mW≥ hn´p arX-\mbn F∂p

]d-bp-∂sXmcn-°epw icn-b-√. AØcw ]kvXm-h\ kphn-

ti-jmZn ]pXnb \nb-a-hn- m-K-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p sh∂Xp

hmkvXhwXs∂. F∂m¬, CXm-Is´ B ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS

cN-bn-Xm-°ƒ°p ]‰nb ]ni-Im-Ip-∂p. a‰-t\Iw NcnX hr

Øm-¥-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Ah¿°p ]‰nb

A_-≤-ß-fpsS amXncn Hc-_≤w! thZ-]-tcy-j-I-∑m-cmb

kphn-tij hymJym-Xm-°ƒ kΩ-Xn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv, D≈-S-°sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n kphn-ti-jsØ c≠pXc-

Øn-em°n IW-°m-°-s∏-Sm-sa∂p. H∂p, aninlm-bn¬\n∂p

injy-K-W-Øn\p e`n® aXt_m[-\hpw [¿tam-]-tZ-ihpw

Dƒs°m≠ mKw. CXp hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚

Poh-\-sX. at‰Xp InkvXp-hns‚ hwi-]m-c-º-cyw, At±lw

]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw a¿±-\-ßƒ°p e£o- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xp, At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-Øp≈ Hc-¤p-X-°p-f-Øns‚

hnhcw CXymZn Ncn-X-hr-Øm-¥-ß-f-S-ßnb hn`m-Kw. C

sX√mw B teJ-\-Im-c-∑m¿ kzb-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≈-h-bmWv;

ssZh-\n-iz-kn-X-sam-∂p-a-√. tIhew B teJ-I-∑m-cpsS kz¥-

amb A`n-]m-bhpw t_m[yhpw A\p-k-cn®p Fgp-X-s∏- n- p-


≈-Xm-sW∂p ]dbmw. Nnte-SØv Ah¿ AXncpIhn™

AXyp-‡nbpw AXn-h¿Æ-\-Ifpw sNbvXp ImWp-∂p-ap-≠v.

DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, tbip-a-ninlm ]h¿Øn® Imcy-ßfpw

ImWn® A¤pXZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw Hmtcm-∂mbn ]pkvX-I-ß-

fn¬ FgpXn dn°m¿Um-°p∂ ]£w B ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hniz-

Øn-seßpw HXp-ßp-I-bn-s√∂pIqSnbpw Hcn-SØp ]d™p

ImWp-∂p. CsX-s¥mcp amXncn AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bm-Wmthm!

CXn\p ]pd-sa, InkvXp-hn\p kw -hn® Xc-Øn-ep≈

sImSpw-bm-X-\sb HcpXcw ac-Wm-\p- -h-ambn hnh-cn-°p∂

]£w AsXm-cn-°epw mjm-ssi-en°p hncp-≤-am-I-bn-√. C

Ø-c-Øn-ep≈ ]tbmKw an°-hm-dp-sa√m cmPy-°m-cp-sSbpw

`mj-°m-cp-sSbpw CS-bn¬ kpe- -ambn ImWmw. amc-I-amb

hn]-Øn\v ASn-s∏- -tijw Hcmƒ AXn¬\n∂v HSp-hn-embn

c£-s∏-Sp∂]£w Abmƒ ]pXp-Xmbn Dbn¿sØ-gp--t∂-‰p-h-

∂p-sh∂p \mw ]d-bm-dp-≠-t√m. Hcp cmPy-°m-cp-tSbpw mjm-

ssi-en-bn¬ CØcw ]tbmKw IrXn-a-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

_¿W-_m-kns‚ kphn-tijw

as‰mcp kwKXn Ku\n-°-Ø-°-Xm-bn- p-≈-Xp, "_¿W-

_m-kns‚ kphn-tij'(The Gospel of Bernabas)Ønse Hcp ]kvXm-

h-\-bm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, InkvXp-hns\ Iq-in®p sIm∂n- n-s√-

∂pw At±lw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ ]mW≥ hn´n-cp-∂n-s√∂pw

AXn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´p Im◊m-\p-≠v. Cu kphn-ti-jw e≠-

\nse ayqknbw KŸ-im-e-bnepw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Cu

]pkvXIw \ne-hn-ep≈ kphn-tij kwln-X-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-

Ø-s∏- n- n-s√-∂Xv icn-X-s∂. F¶n-epw, AX-ßs\ kzoIm-

cy-a-√m-Ø-hn-[w X≈-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv \ymb-amb Hcp hn[n-

]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. GXm-bmepw AXv a‰p kphn-ti-j-ß-

fpsS cN-\m-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂ hnc-Nn-X-am-bn- p≈ Hcp ]ucm-

WnI IrXn-bm-sW-∂Xp A\n-tj-[y-am-Wv. Cu ÿnXn-°v,


Cu ]gb ]pkvX-IsØ ]pcm-X\ Ncn-X-tc-J-bmbn Icp-Xp-

hm\pw AXn≥]Imcw AXns\ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw

\ap-°-h-Im-i-ant√? Cu kphn-ti-j-Ønse ap≥]-d™ ]

kvXm-h-\-bn¬\n∂v, Ipd™]£w anin-lm-bpsS Ipcnip

kw -h-Im-esØsb√m-hcpw At±lw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-®p-

sh∂p hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂ns√∂v A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xt√?

Xs∂-bp-a-√, \ne-hn-ep≈ \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fnepw acn-®p-

t]mb Hcm-fn-s\-°p-dn®p Abmƒ acn-®n- n-√, Dd-ßp-I-bmWv

F∂p ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Ae-¶m-tcm-‡n-Iƒ

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-aps≠∂n-cn-s°, aq¿—n®p InS-∂-bm-sf-°p-dn®p

acn-®-h-s\∂p ]d-b-s∏- n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn¬ bp‡n- w-

Ktam Akmw-K-Xytam C√Xs∂.

F∂m¬, Hcp ]hm-N-Is‚ hN-\-Øn¬ AkXyw kw -

hn®p IqSm-Ø-Xm-sW∂p aptº ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠-t√m.

AXn≥]Imcw, aninlm I√-d-bnse Xs‚ aq∂p Znh-ksØ

Xma-ksØ at’ym-Z-c-Ønse tbm\m-bpsS aq∂p Znh-k-

tØmSp kmZriy-s∏-SpØn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xp kXy-ambn ]pe-

cpIXs∂ thWw. Cu D]-a-bn¬\n∂p, tbm\m aq∂p Znhkw

a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ Poh-t\m-Sn-cp∂]Imcw anin-lmbpw

aq∂v hmkcw I√-d-bn¬ Poh-t\m-Sn-cp-∂n-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv

kn≤n-°p-∂-Xv. A°m-esØ blq-Z-∑m-cpsS ih-Ip-So-c-ßƒ

C°m-esØ I√-d-I-fpsS amXncn Bbn-cp-∂n-s√-∂Xv ]tXy

Iw ]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. Ah hnim-e-amb Adt]mse [mcmfw

ÿe-ku-I-cy-ap-≈-hbpw Hcp mKØv henb ine sIm≠v

AS-®n-Sm-hp∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]thi\Zzmc-tØmSp IqSn-b-h-bp-

am-bn-cp-∂p. Iivao-cn¬ io\-K¿ F∂ ÿeØp ASpØp

Xs∂ Is≠-Ø-s∏´ Cukm-a-ko-lns‚ inem-Ip-Socw aq¿—n-

Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ At±lw sh°-s∏- n-cp∂ B I√d t]mep-

≈Xp Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cu kwKXn ]Ir-X-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ bYm-

k-µ¿`w sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.


Rm≥ aptº D≤-cn® kphn-ti-j-h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂v, anin

lm I√d hn´p ]pd-Øp-h-∂-]mSv Keo-e-bv°mWv ]pd-s∏- p-

t]m-b-sX∂v kphy-‡-am-bn-cn°p∂p. am¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-

ti-j-Øn-epw, I√-d-bn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øp-h-∂-Xn-\p-tijw

InkvXp Keo-e-bv°p≈ \nc-Øn-eqsS t]mIp-∂-Xmbn ImW-

s∏- p-sh-∂pw, HSp-hn¬, At±lw Xs‚ injy-∑m-cmb ]Xn-

s\m∂p At∏mkvXe∑m¿ £Ww Ign-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-cp-ambn ImWp-I-bp-≠m-sb∂pw ]kvXm-

hn®p Im¨am-\p-≠v.5 Xs∂-bp-a√ Ah¿°p At±lw Xs‚

hW-s∏´ ssIIm-ep-Iƒ Im n-s°m-Sp-Øp-sh∂pw Ah¿ At±-

lsØ qX-sa∂v i¶n®p b-s∏- p-sh∂pw At∏mƒ, "\nßƒ

Fs∂ sXm´p-t\m-°p-hn≥; F∂n¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse t]X-

Øn\v amwkhpw Aÿnbpw C√t√m' F∂v At±lw ]d-

™p-sh∂pw ]ns∂ "Ah-tcmSv hdpØ ao\pw tX≥I- bpw

hmßn Ah¿ Im¨sI Xn∂p'-sh∂pw a‰pw eqt°m-kns‚

kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ ]kvXm-hn®p ImWp-∂p-ap≠v6. Cu hN-

\-ß-fn¬\n∂p, aninlm BIm-i-Øn-te°v Itc-dn-t∏m-bn-t -

bn-s√∂pw I√-d-bn¬\n∂p ]pdØph∂n v t\sc Keo-e-bv

°mWv t]mbsX∂pw At±lw At∏mƒ a\pjy km[m-c-

W-amb ar◊-b-i-co-c-tØmSpw km[m-c-W-h-kvX-[m-c-W-

tØmSpw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂psh∂pw kv]jvS-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. AYhm

At±lw acn-®-Xn-\p-tijw Dbn¿Øp h∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

B t]X-Øns‚ kq£va-i-co-c-Øn¬ Ipcn-ins‚ hW-ßƒ

Ah-ti-jn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂-sX-ßs\? B Bflm-hn\p A∏w

Xnt∂-≠p∂ Bh-iy-sa¥v? At∏mƒ Bflm-hp-am-X-amb

At±-l-Øn\v Blm-c-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬

Ct∏mgpw At±-l-Øn\v Blm-c-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cn-

°-W-at√m!5. am¿t°m-kv, 16:14.

6. eqt°mkv, 24:39˛42 (tPm-k v ]pen-°p-t∂-ens‚ G‰hpw ]pXnb kphn-

tijhnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ tX≥I´ F∂ hm°v FSpØp If-™n-cn-°p∂p hnh:)


Iqin∏v: c£-s∏-Sm≥ km≤yX

A\p-hm-N-I¿°p sX‰p-[m-c-W-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp

kwK-Xn-IqSn ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈-s´. A°m-esØ blq-Z-

cpsS "kzeo_v' (Ip-cn-iv) C∂sØ Xq°p-in-£-t]mse c£-

s∏-Sm≥ Akm-≤y-amb Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ib¿

sIm≠v Ipcp°v IgpØn-en-Sp-Itbm ]e-I-X- n-hogvØn Xq°n-

en-Sp-Itbm Bbn-cp-∂n√ B Iqin-∏v. A∂m-Is´ Ipcn-ip-a-c-

Øn-t∑¬ Ip‰-hm-fnsbh®p-sI´n ssIIm-ep-I-fn¬ BWn-I-

f-Sn®p Ib-‰p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. Aßs\ Ipcn-in-te‰n

BWn-b-Sn-®-Xn-\p-tijw Ht∂m ct≠m Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Ip‰-

°m-c\v am∏v sImSpØv Ahs\ c£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-

°p-∂-]-£w, A\p- -hn-®nStØmfw in£-sIm≠p aXn-bm°n

F√p-IsfmSn-°msX Abmsf Poh-t\msS Xmsg-bn-d-°p-∂-

Xm-bn-cn-°pw. AYhm sIm√m≥Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-®p-sh-¶n¬

Ipd-™m¬ aq∂p Znh-k-sa-¶nepw icocw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ Xd®

\ne-bn¬Øs∂ \ndpØp-∂-XmWv. Aßs\ Blm-c-]m-\o-

b-ß-sfm∂pw ASp-sØßpw sIm≠psN√m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m

sX aqt∂m AXn-e-[n-Itam Znh-kß-tfmfw ico-csØ shbn-

eØp s]mcn-™p-sIm≠p InS-∂p-sIm-≈m≥ hnt -bv°p-Ibpw

AXn-\p-tijw F√p-Iƒ HSn-®n-Sp-IbpamWv ]Xn-hv. CØcw

bmX-\-I-fp-sS-sb√mw e-ambn Abmƒ acn®pt]mIp-∂p.

F∂m¬, ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ lZvdØv aninlm(-A)

CØcw Zb-\o-b-amb ac-WØn\v Imc-W-am-°p∂ Xoh-bm-

X-\-bn¬\n∂p c£-s∏´psh∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. -kp-hn-tij-

ßƒ ki≤w hmbn®p t\m°p∂ Gh¿°pw kpKm-ly-am-

Ip∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv, anin-lm(-A) aq∂p Znhkwhsc

Ipcn-in-t∑-en-cn-°p-Itbm aq∂p Znh-k-tØmfw ss]Zm-l-ßƒ

kln-t°≠nhcn-Itbm At±-l-Øns‚ F√p-Iƒ HSn-°-s∏-

Sp-Itbm D≠m-bn√ F∂-Xv. kpamdp c≠p aWn-°qdp amXta

At±lw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ InS∂ncp-∂p-≈q. ssZh-Im-cpWyw


sIm≠p, ]I-ens‚ A¥y-bm-a-Øn-emWv At±-lsØ Iqin-

°m≥ Xocpam\sa-Sp-°m-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ap-≠m-b-Xv. A∂p

sh≈nbmgvN Znh-k-am-bn-cp∂p. ]I¬ Ipd-™-t\cw amXta

tijn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. ]nt‰-Zn-hkw i∫Øpw blq-Z-cpsS s]k

l s]cp-∂mƒ IqSn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. i∫Øv \mfntem Xte

cmXn-bntem Bsc-¶nepw kzeo_-bn-t∑¬ Xd-°-s∏´ \ne-

bn¬ InS-∂p-sIm-≈m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv PqZcpsS ]°¬

\njn-≤hpw in£m¿l-hp-amb Hcp Ip‰-am-bn-cp-∂p. PqZcpw

apkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse Nmµ-am-k-sØ-bmWv BN-cn®pt]m∂-

Xv. Xte-cm-Xnsb ASpØ ]I-en-t\mSp tN¿ØmWv Ah¿

Znhkw IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xpw. anin-lm-bpsS c£-bv°mbn

Hcp`mKØp CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ uan-I-amb A\p-Iqe kml-

Ncyßfp-≠m-bn-Øo¿∂p-sh-¶n¬ adp- m-KØp ssZhn-I-amb

a‰p Nne A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-ßfpw kwPm-X-ambn `hn-®p.

AXm-b-Xv, Bdmw aWn- t\c-am-b-t∏mƒ \mSmsI A‘-Im-

cm-hr-X-ambn. b-¶-c-amb sImSp-¶m-‰p-≠m-bn. aq∂p aWn-°q-

tdmfw Cu A‘-Imcw \ne-\n-∂p. (am¿t°m-kv, 15:33). Cu

Bdmw aWn, 12 aWn°p tij-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-b-Xp,

k‘y ASpØ ka-b-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Cu tLmcm-‘-Im-c-

Øn¬ blq-Z¿ AXoh D¬°-WvTm-Ip-e-cmbn hn-®p. i∫Øp

cmXn Bcw- n-°p-Ibpw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ icocw Xq°-s∏´p InS-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Im-cWw Xßƒ i∫-Øns\ ewLn® Ip‰-

hm-fn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw in£bv°p ]mXo- -hn-°p-Ibpw sN

bvsX-¶ntem F∂p Ah¿ b-s∏´p! AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ QSn-

Xn-bn¬ InkvXp-hn-s\bpw IqsS Xd-°-s∏´ c≠p-I-≈-∑m-

scbpw Ipcn-in-t∑¬\n∂p Cd-°p-hm≥ shº¬sIm≠p.

kz]v\-Øn¬ D¬t_m-[\w

CtXm-sSm∏w Znhy-amb as‰mcp A\p-Iqe kml-N-cyhpw

IqSn kwPm-X-ambn: ]nem-tØmkv \ymbm-k-\-Øn-en-cn-°p-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xv\n At±-l-Øns‚bSp-


°¬ Bf-b-®v, B \oXn-ams‚ Imcy-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-

°m≥, AXm-bXv At±-lsØ sImebv°p hn[n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥

Adn-bn-®p. Fs¥-∂m¬, Xm≥ Xte-cm-Xn-bn¬ At±lw \nan

Øw kz]v\-Øn¬ hfsc IjvSw kln®psh∂pw ]d-bn-®p(-

a-Øm-bn, 27:19). ]nem-tØm-kns‚ `mcy-bpsS Z¿i-\-Øn¬

\n∂p, ssZthm-t±iyw InkvXp Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-°-W-sa-∂m-

bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂mWv \oXn-t_m-[-ap≈ Gh¿°pw a\- n-em-

°m≥ Ign-bpI. Hcmsf c£n-°p-∂-Xn\p ssZhw B¿s°-

¶nepw t]cW \evIp-Itbm AXn-te°v C∂ ]Imcw sNø-

W-sa∂p D¬t_m-[n -∏n -°p -Itbm sNbvXn´ v AXp

]ng®pt]mhpIsb ∂Xp temIm-cw`wsXm´p- \m-fn-Xp-hsc

kw -hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn- n-√. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, aØm-bnbpsS

kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp ]Im-cw, kz¿§-Zq-X≥

tbmtk- n\p kz]v\-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-\mbn ]d™p: ""\o

Fgp-t∂‰p inip-hn-s\bpw AΩsbbpw Iq´n-s°m≠v ankn

(Cu-Pn-]vXv)boante°v HmSn-t∏mbn, Rm≥ \nt∂mSv

]dbpwhsc AhnsS ]m¿°pI; F s¥-∂m¬ sltcm-Zmhp(-

cm-Pm-hv) inip-hns\ \in∏nt°-≠-Xn\v Ahs\ At\zjn

∏m≥ mhn-°p∂p'' (a-Ømbn 2:13). At∏mƒ, tbip anknse

Øn-bm¬ AhnsSh®v sIm√-s∏-t -°p-sa-∂q-ln-°p-∂Xv icn-

bm-hp-I-bn-√-t√m. At∏m-se-Xs∂ ChnsS At±-l-Øns‚ c£-

bv°m-bp≈ Cu ssZhn-I-X-¥-hpw˛ AXm-bXv, ]nem-tØm-

kns‚ `mcy I≠ kz]v\-hpw˛ ]ng®pt]mIm-h-X-√. AXn-

\m¬, ankn-te-°p≈ bmX-bn¬ inip-hmb tbip-hn\p Poh-

lm\n hcp-I-sb-∂Xp F]-Imcw ssZh-Øns‚ \nb-X-amb

hmKvZm-\-Øn\v hncp-≤-am-I-bm¬ kw`-mhy-a-√tbm A]-

ImcwXs∂ Chn-tSbpw Cu Dt±iyw ]ng-bv°pI kw -mhy-a-

√. Fs¥-∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX≥ (-am-em-J) ]nem-tØm-

kns‚ mcy°p shfn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, aninlm Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-

°m≥ Imc-W-am-Ip∂ ]£w AXp \nßƒ°p \√-Xn-\m-bn-

cn-°ns√∂p ¿Øm-hns\ Adn-bn-°m≥ kqN\ \evIp-Ibpw


sNbvXn-cp-∂Xp anin-lm-bpsS c£bv°p th≠nbmbn-cp-∂-

t√m. Aßs\ c£ e`n-°msX At±lw Ipcn-in¬ sIm√-

s∏´p t]mhp-Ibpw amem-J-bpsS shfn-]mSp hy¿∞-am-IpIbpw

sNbvXp-sh∂m-sW-¶n¬ CXn-te-°p temIØp Hcp ZrjvSm

¥w FSpØp ImWn°mtam? C√, Hcn°epw ImWn-°m≥

Ign-bpI-bn√! ]nem-tØm-kns‚ mcy-°p-≠mb Z¿i-\-Øns‚

Dt±iyw aninlm-bpsS hnSp-X-en\v hgn-sbm-cp-°pI F∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂psh∂p B kz]v\-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-dm-Ip∂ G

sXmcp \n¿Ω-e-_p-≤nbpw km£yw hln-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

Fs¥-∂m¬, hnizm-k-]-c-amb ]£-]mXw sImt≠m a’-c-

_p≤n-bmtem ]Xy-£-amb Hcp kXysØ Bsc-¶nepw \n

tj-[n-°p-Itbm kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm sN øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

AXp Abm-fpsS CjvShpw Ah-Im-i-hp-am-Wv, F¶nepw \oXn-

ZrjvSym ho£n-°p-tºmƒ ]nem-tØm-kns‚ `mcy I≠

kz]v\w Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂p≈ anin-lm-bpsS c£-sb-

°p-dn-°p∂ `mcn® Hcp km£yw Xs∂-bm-sW∂p kΩ-Xn-

t°-≠-Xm-bn-h-cp-∂p. kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬-h®p H∂mwInS-bn-

ep≈ aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-amWv Cu km£ysØ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xpw. ]Ir-X-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ i‡n-bp‡w

hnh-cn-°p∂ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ At\Iw km£y-ß-fm¬

tbip-hns‚ ssZh-Xzhpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-kn-≤m-¥hpw A∏Sn

anYy-bm-sW∂p sXfn-b-p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, kXyw kzoI-cn-

°p∂ hnjbØn¬ kamPØns‚tbm ]mcºcyhnizmk

Øns‚tbm ]cn-K-W\ IqSm-sX-bp≈ \oXn-t_m-[hpw Bflm

¿∞-X-bp-am-bn-cn-°Ww \ap°p t]c-I-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xv.

Bcw`w apX¬ \mfn-Xp-hsc a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ lkz-_p-≤n-

bm¬ ]c- -lkw krjvSn-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ ssZhXzw k¶ev

]n®p Ah-sb-sb√mw ]qPn®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. Ctß-b‰w ]q®-

I-sfbpw ]mºp-I-sfbpw IqSn Ah¿ Bcm-[n®p h∂n-cn-°p-

∂p. F∂m¬, _p≤n-am-∑mcpw ⁄m\n-I-fp-am-bp-≈-h¿ ssZh-

k-lm-b-Øm¬ CØcw _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬\n∂pw


X÷-\y-amb ‡n-]q-Pm-Zn-I-fn¬\n∂pw kzbw kwc-£n-°-

s∏- p-h-∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

ar◊-b-i-cocw

a¿bw-]p-X-\mb aninlm Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v c£-

s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v C©o-en¬\n∂v \ap°p e`n-°p∂

as‰mcp km£yw, At±lw I√-d-bn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øp-h-∂n´p

Keo-e-bn-te-°p-t]mb B \o≠bmXsb kw_-‘n® hnh-

c-W-am-Wv. Fß-s\-sb-∂m¬, Rmb-dmgvN cmhnse BZy-ambn

At±lw aKvZ-e-\-a¿b-bp-ambn I≠p. a¿b-bm-Is´ DS≥Xs∂

aninlm Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-s≠∂p injy-∑m¿°p AdnhpsImSp-

Øp. F∂m¬, Ah¿ AXp hniz-kn-®n-√. ]ns∂ injy-∑m-

cn¬ c≠p-t]¿ Kma-Øn-te°v t]mhp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah

¿°p At±lw ]Xy-£-\m-bn. HSp°w ]Xn-s\m-cp-h¿ £-

W-Øn-\n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS ASp-°¬ At±lw sN∂p-

\n-∂p. Xm≥ Poh-t\m-Sn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn I≠-h-cpsS km£yw

Ah¿ hniz-kn-°m-bvI-bm¬ Ah-cpsS Ahn-izm-k-sØbpw

lrZ-b-Im-Tn-\y-sØbpw At±lw imkn-®p. (am¿t°mkv 16:9

apX¬ 14 hsc hmIy-ßƒ t\m°p-I). AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ in

jy-∑m¿ bcq-i-te-an¬\n∂p GXm≠p Bdp ssa¬kv (33/4

tImkv) AI-se-bp≈ FΩhpkv Kma-Øn-te°p t]mI-bm-

bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ahsc aninlm Is≠-Øn. Ah¿ B Kma-

Øn-\-Sp-sØØn-b-t∏mƒ Ah-cn¬\n∂p th¿]n-cn™p t]m

Ip-∂-Xn-s\-t∂mWw At±lw apt∂m´p IS∂p t]mIp-hm≥

`mhn-®p. At∏mƒ Ah¿ "C∂pcmXn \aps°m∂n®p Xma

kn°mw' F∂p ]d™v At±-lsØ XS™p\ndpØn. Aß

s\ At±lw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-®p. cmXn H∂n-®n-cp∂v

`£Ww Ign®p Ah-sc-√m-hcpw aninlm-tbm-sSm∏w Gam-

hqkv F∂ \m´pºp-dØv cmXn Ign®pIq´n. (eq-t°mkv, A.

24:13 apX¬ 31 hsc hN-\-ßƒ t\m°p-I)

CXbpwsIm≠p hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xp, aninlm ac-W-Øn\p


tijw tIhew tXtPm-cq-]n-bmb Bflm-hm-bn- n-cn-°p-tºmƒ

At±-l-Øn¬\n∂p ÿqe-tZ-l-]-Ir-Xn-°-\p-cq-]-amb [¿Ω-

ßƒ kw -hn®psh∂m-W-t√m. Aß-s\, tXtPm-cq-]n-bm-bn-

cn-°p-tºmƒ Xn∂p-I, IpSn-°p-I, Dd-ßp-I, ]Z-bm-X- sNøpI

XpS-ßnb imcocnI hyh-lmcw At±-l-Øn¬\n∂p-≠m-hpI

tIhew Akw- -mhyhpw Akw-K-Xhpw Xs∂-bm-Wv. bmYm

¿∞yw CXmsW¶nepw, hm¿Øm-\n-th-Z-I-∑m-cpsS hy‡n-]-

c-amb hnizm-km- n-]m-b-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn C©o-ense

IYm-I-Y-\-Ønepw hf-sc-tbsd t`Z-`m-h-ßƒ kw`-hn®p

t]mbn-cn-°-bm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈

C©o-ep-I-fnse hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pXs∂bpw hy‡-ambn

sØfn-bp-∂-Xv, aninlm Xs‚ injy-cp-ambn I≠-Xpw, \qdn¬

]cw ssa¬kv Zqsc-bp≈ Keo-e-bn-te°p ]Z-bmX sNbvX

Xpw injy-∑m¿°p Xs‚ ico-c-Ønse hW-ßƒ Im´n-s°m-

Sp-ØXpw Ah-cpsS ASp-°¬\n∂v sdm´n Xn∂Xpw AhnsS

cm]m¿ØXpsa√mw \iz-c-amb Xs‚ Cu ar◊-b-i-co-c-tØm-

Sp-Iq-Sn-Ø-s∂-bm-sW-∂-sX. At±lw Hcp khn-tij te]-

\u-j[w D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv Xs‚ tZl-Øn-ep-≠mb apdn-hp-

Iƒ Icn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu hkvXpXsb∏‰n ]nd-tIm v ]Xn-]m-

Zn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

\√-t]mse Nn¥n-t°-≠p∂ Hcp kµ¿ -am-Wn-Xv. tXtPm-

cq-]-amb A\-iz-c-tZlw ]m]n-®-Xn\ptij-hpw, AXm-b-Xv, ]m\m-

i-\mZn Bh-iy-ßƒs°m∂pw ASn-s∏-Sm-ØXpw Hcp hn[- £-

Xtam BX-¶tam Zu¿_-eytam _m[n-°m-Ø-Xpw \nXy-]m-h-

\hp-amb kq£-va-tZlw e`n-®-Xn¬]ns∂-bpw, anin-lm-bn¬

a¿Øy-i-co-c-km-[m-c-W-amb Ah-i-X-Iƒ tijn-°p-am-dm-b-

sX¥p? ssZh-Øns‚ heXpIc-Øn¬ D]-hn-jvT\m-tI≠n-bn-

cp∂ At±-l-sat¥ At∏mgpw Ipcn-in-s‚bpw BWn-∏-gp-Xn-

s‚bpw apdn-hp-I-fmepw NX-hp-I-fmepw ]oUn-X-\m-bn-cp-∂Xp?

c‡w Xpfn-°p-∂Xpw thZ-\n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Cu hW-ßƒ Icn-


°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn´p Hcp te]-\u-j[w Xs∂ bpw Xøm¿ sNø-

s∏- n-cp-∂p. tXtPm-a-b-amb kq£va-tZlw ]m]n-®-Xn-\p-tijw

\nXy-\n¿Ω-ehpw A\yq-\hpw \n¿t -Z-hp-amb \ne-bn-en-cn-

t°-≠-Xm-bncp∂n´pw At±lw ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]oU-

Iƒ°pw t¢i-ßƒ°pw hi-K-\mbn! Xm≥Xs∂ Xs‚ icoc-

Ønse amwkhpw F√p-Ifpw injy¿°p ImWn®p sIm≠p

At±lw At∏mgpw ÿqe-i-co-cn-bm-sW∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn.

CX-bp-a√ \iz-c-i-co-c-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-kz- m-h-a-\p-k-cn®p

]inbpw Zmlhpw At±-lsØ ]oUn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

A√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ At±lw Keo-e-bm-X-bn¬ A\m-h-iy-

Im-cy-ßƒ Im n-°q n-b-sX-¥n\p? AXm-b-Xp, Xn∂p-I-bpw, IpSn-

°p-I-bpw, hni-an-°p-Ibpw, \nZ-sIm-≈p-Ibpw a‰pw sNbvXXp!

Cu temIØv a¿Øyicocw kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw £p¬]n-

]m-k-Iƒ Hcp Xcw ]oU Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah h¿≤n®p AXn¿

I-hn-™m¬ ]mW-l-chpw IqSn Bbn-Øo-cpw.

hnim-e-amb I√d

InkvXp Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-°p-Itbm tXtPm-a-b-amb Hcp

kq£va-tZlw ]m]n-°p-Itbm D≠m-bn- n-s√-∂Xp \n -tµ-

l-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, At±-l-Øn\p Ipcn-

in-t∑¬ ac-W-Xp-ey-amb Hcp aq¿—m-h-ÿ-bmWv A\p- -h-s∏-

´n-cp-∂-Xv. A\-¥cw At±lw ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ G sXmcp

J_v-dn-emtWm sh°-s∏- n-cp-∂Xp AXp \ΩpsS cmPy-Ønse

J_v-dp-I-fpsS amXn-cn-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√; hmbpk©m-c-ap-≈

Xpw ]th-i-\Zzm-c-tØmSpIqSn-b-Xp-amb Hcp AdIW-s°-bp-

≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv blq-Z-∑m-cpsS kº-Zm-b-]-Imcw

J_v-dp-Iƒ AIØp ]th-in-°m-\p≈ Xpd-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw

Im‰p-I-S-°p-∂-Xp-amb coXn-bn-emWv D≠m-°-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xp.

CØcw inem-Kr-l-ßƒ BZyta D≠m°n h®n-cn-°pw. Bh

iyw hcp-tºmƒ ihw adhp sNøp-∂-Xn\p Ah D]-tbm-Kn-

°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn-tebv°v kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ \n∂p


Xs∂ km£y-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. eqt°mkv ]d-bp-∂Xp

ImWpI:˛

""Ah¿ Hcp-°nb kpK-‘-h¿§w FSpØv BgvN-h- -Øn

s‚ H∂mw Znhkw AXn-Im-eØv (C-cp- p-≈-t∏mƒXs∂) I√-d-

bv°¬ FØn, I√-d-bn¬\n∂p I√p-cp- n-°-f-™-Xmbn I≠p.

AIØp IS-∂msd (C-hnsS kzev]w Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xm-bn- p-≠v) I¿

Øm-hmb tbip-hns‚ icocw I≠n√'' (eqt°m 24: 1˛3).

ChnsS ""AIØp IS-∂msd'' F∂ hm°p-Iƒ ]tXyIw

Nn¥y-am-Wv. CXn¬ \n∂p, B J_v¿ Bfp-Iƒ°v IS∂p

sN√m-hp-∂Xpw Hcp Ad-t]mse ]th-i\-Zzm-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-

b-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂psh∂p kn≤n-°p-∂p-≠v. CØ-c-Øn¬ AI-

Øp-I-S-°m-\p≈ Xpd-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp I√-d-bmWv ASp-Ø-

Im-eØp Iivao-cn¬ io\-K¿ F∂n-SØp Is≠-Ø-s∏- n- p≈

lZvdØv Cukm(A)bpsS J_v¿. CsXmcp a¿a][m-\-amb

hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cn-Nn-¥-\hpw ]tcy-j-

Whpw kq£vam-t\z-jn-Isf al-Ømb \nK-a-\-Øn-tebv°p

\bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bm-Wv.

]nem-tØm-kns‚ kwibw

C©o-en¬\n∂p \ap°v e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ km£y-ß-fn¬

C\n-sbm∂v, am¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏- p-Im-

Wp∂ ]nem-tØm-kns‚ hN-\-a-sX. ""sshIp-t∂-c-am-b-t∏mƒ

i∫-Øns‚ Xte-\m-fmb Hcp-°-\mƒ BI-sIm≠v tijvT-a-

¥nbpw ssZh-cm-PysØ ImØn-cp-∂-h-\p-amb Acn-a-Xy-bnse

tbmtk v h∂p ss[cy-tØmsS ]nem-tØm-kns‚ ASp-

°¬sN∂v tbip-hns‚ icocw tNmZn-®p. Ah≥ acn®p I

gnt™m F∂p ]nem-tØmkv B›-cy-s∏´p!'' (am¿t°m-kv,

A. 15: hN\w 42- 44). CXp hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xp, Ipcn-ip-

kw- hw \S∂ B Ime-Øp-Xs∂ tbip hmkvX-h-Øn¬

acn-®pthm F∂ Hcp ktµlw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°-s∏- n- p-s≠-


∂m-Wv. Ipcn-in-t∑¬h®p Iqin-Xs‚ ]mW≥ t]mIm≥

FX Ime-b-fhv Bh-iy-ambn hcp-sa-∂p-≈n-S-tØmfw \√

]cn-N-b-ap-≈-bm-fmWv Cu ktµlw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≈-

sX∂pw Nn¥y-amWv!

F-s√m-Sn-®n√

kphn-ti-j-Øn¬\n∂p \ap°v e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ km£y-

ß-fn¬ as‰m-∂p, tbml-∂ms‚ C©o-ense Xmsg D≤-cn-

°p∂ hN-\-ß-fmWv:˛ ""A∂p Hcp-°-\mfpw B i∫-Øv\mƒ

hen-bXpw BI-sIm≠v, ico-c-ßƒ i∫-Øn¬ Iqin-t∑¬

Ccn-°-cpXv F∂p h®p Ah-cpsS Im¬HSn®p FSp-t°Ww

F∂p blq-Z-∑m¿ ]nem-tØm-kn-t\mSv At]-£n-®p. BI-

bm¬, ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ h∂v H∂m-a-s‚bpw Ah-t\mSp IqsS Iqin-

°-s∏´ a‰-h-t‚bpw Im¬ HSn-®p. Ah¿ tbip-hns‚ ASp-

°¬ h∂p, Ah≥ acn®p t]mbn F∂p Im¨I-bm¬ Ah

s‚ Im¬ HSn-®n√; F¶nepw ]S-bm-fn-I-fn¬ Hcp-Ø≥ Ip¥w

sIm≠p Ahs‚ hnem-∏p-dØp IpØn; DSs\ c‡hpw sh

≈hpw ]pd-s∏- p'' (tbm-l. 19: 31-˛34).

B ImeØp Ipcn-in-t∑¬ Xd-°-s∏´ Hcp-hs‚ Pohn-X-

Øn\p AdpXn hcp-tØ-≠-Xn\v Ahs\ Aßs\-Øs∂

GXm\pw Znh-k-ß-tfmfw Iqin-t∑¬ \ndp-Øp-Ibpw ]ns∂

Ahs‚ F√p-Iƒ X√n DS-bv°p-Ibpw sNøpI ]Xn-hm-bn-

cp∂p sh∂p ]kvXpX hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂p kphy‡w a\-

n-em-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, Iqin-X-\mb InkvXp-hns‚ Aÿn-

Iƒ a\x-]q¿∆w HSn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°mw. IqsS-

bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ c≠p I≈-∑m-sc-t∏mseXs∂ At±-lhpw

Poh-t\mSpIqSn-bmWv Cd-°-s∏- -Xv. AXp sIm≠p-X-s∂-bmWv

At±-l-Øns‚ hnem-∏pdw Xpf-®-t∏mƒ c‡w Xpfn®p h∂-

Xpw. arXs‚ c‡w Dd-®p-t]m-Ip-∂pht√m.

ChnsS B¥-c-ambn Hcp KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Ø-s∏- n- p-


s≠∂p a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]nem-tØmkv ssZh- -b-

ap≈ Hcp \√ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. -Xp-d∂\ne-bn¬ anin-lm-

tbmSp B\p-Iqeyw ImWn°p-∂-Xn¬ ssIk-dns\ b-s∏- n-

cp∂ At± lw Hcp ]Im-c-Øn¬ mKy-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Fs¥-

∂m¬ At± lw anin-lmsb ImWpI amX-a√ At±-l-Øn\p

Ipsd-sb√mw B\p-Iqeyw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.

aninlm Iqin-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂p ]nem-tØm-kn\v Hcn-°epw

Dt±-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. At±lw ]eXhW InkvXp-hns\

hn´-b°p-hm≥ ian-®-Xm-bn´p kphn-ti-j-ßƒ hmbn®p

t\m°p-tºmƒ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. F∂m¬, blq-Z-∑m¿ hnfn

®p ]d-™Xp, "\o Chs\ hn -b-®m¬ ssIk-dpsS kvt\ln

X≥ A√; X∂Øm≥ cmPm-hm-°p∂h≥ F√mw ssIk-tcmSp

a’-cn-°p∂pht√m F∂m-bn-cp∂p (tbm-l, 19:12).

]ns∂, ]nem-tØm-kns‚ ]Xv\n I≠ kz]v\hpw At±-

l-Øn\p InkvXp-hns‚ t\¿°v B\p-Iqeyw mhn-°p-hm≥

IqSp-X¬ t]c-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. AXn-\m¬ Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw

B alm-flm-hns\ Ipcn-in¬ Xd-°msX Ign-°Wsa∂pw

A√m-Ø-]£w AXp X\n°pw mcy°pw \mi-I-c-am-bn-Øo-

cp-sa-∂pw At±lw Icp-Xn. F∂m¬, blq-Z¿ Hcp \miw-]n-

Sn® P\-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ssIk-dpsS ASp-°¬ ]nem-

tØm-kn-s\-°p-dn®p cl-ky-ambn Bh-emXns∏Sp-∂-Xn\pw

Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p At±lw anin-lmsb

hnSp-hn-°m≥ \tbm-]m-b-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

H∂m-a-Xm-bn, InkvXp-hns\ Iqin-°m-\p≈ Znh-k-ambn

\n¿Æ-bn-®XpXs∂ sh≈n-bm-gvN-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXpw ]I¬

GXm\pw aWn-°q¿ amXw _m°n-bm-bn-cn-s°bpw henb

i∫Øv cmXn Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°bpw sNbvX-t∏m-gtX. blq-

Z-cpsS [¿a-im-kvX-hn-[n-]-Imcw Iqin-Xs\ A∂p kmbw-

k-‘y-hsc amXta Ipcn-in¬ hbv°m≥ ]mSp-≈qsh∂p ]n

em-tØm-kn\v \√-t]mse Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p.


Kq-Vm-tem-N\

k‘y-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\p aptº tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in¬\n∂p

Xmsg-bn-d-°n. tbip-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Iqin-°-s∏´ c≠p I≈-

∑m¿ Poh-t\mSpIqSn-Ø-s∂-bn-cns° c≠p aWn-°q-dn-\Iw

tbip acn®pt]mbn F∂p hcnI kw`m-hy-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Im

semSn-°p∂ ]In-b-bn¬\n∂p tbip-hns\ Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈

Hcp Hgn-I-gnhv amX-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. c≠pI≈-∑mcpw Ipcn-

in¬\n∂p Poh-t\msSbmWv Xmsg-bn-d-°-s∏- n-cp-∂-sX∂

hkvXp-X-Xs∂ _p≤n-am-\mb Hcmƒ°v th≠p-thmfw sXfn-

hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ipcn-in¬\n∂p Iqin-°-s∏- -hsc Poh-

t\msS Xmsg-bn-d-°p-∂Xp A°m-eØp \S-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-

a-sX. Fs√m-Sn-°-s∏- n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ amX-ta, AY-hm, Znh-kß-

tfmfw Blm-ctam sh≈tam Ign-°msX Ipcn-in¬ Xqßn-

°n-S-∂n-cp-s∂¶n¬ amX-ta, acWw Dd-∏p-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

F∂m¬, Cu c≠\p`h-ßfpw tbip-hn-∂p-≠m-bn- n-√. tbip

Ipcn-in¬ Znh-k-ß-tfmfw Xqßn-°n-S-∂n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

At±-l-Øns‚ F√p-Iƒ HSn-®n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬, At±lw

Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn®pt]mb]Imcw ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm¬ blq-

Z¿ kI-eXpw ad-∂p. c≠p I≈-∑m-scbpw thKw sIm∂p.

Ah-cpsS Imep-Iƒ X√n-sbm-Sn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. acn-®p-t]m-

sb∂pw Fs√m-Sn-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂pw I≈-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-h-s\-∏-

‰n-°qSn ]d-b-s∏- n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ kw`hw as‰m-∂m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

tbmtk v F∂pt]cmb Hcmƒ˛ ]nem-tØm-kns‚ hniz-kvX-

kp-lrØpw Xt±isØ Hcp ]apJ hy‡nbpw tbip-hns‚

Hcp cl-ky-in-jy\pw Bbn-cp∂ Ct±-lw, X°-k-a-b-Øp-

Xs∂ AhnsSsbØn ]nem-tØm-kns‚ \n¿t±-i-]-Imcw

At±-lsØ hnfn-∏n-®-Xm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Rm≥ Duln-

°p-∂-Xv. tbip acn® ]Imcw ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm¬ At±-l-

Øns‚ icocw tbmtk- ns\ Gev]n-®p. ]ap-J-\mb Hcm-

sf∂ \ne-bn¬ icocw At±-lsØ Gev]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ PqZ-


∑m¿°v X¿°-ap-≠m-Im\nS-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. B cw-KØv hs∂-

Ønb tbmtk v shdp-samcp PUsa-t∂mWw tbip-hns\

FSp-Øp-sIm≠pt]mbn. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tbip XnI®pw Hcp

aq¿—m-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ AhnsS kao-]-Øp-Xs∂

A°m-esØ \S-∏-\p-k-cn®v ]Wn-bn-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂Xpw Hcp

Ihm-S-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb h\w t]mep≈ Hcp I√d D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. PqX∑m¿°v H∂pw sNøm-\m-ImØ Hcp ÿ-e-ØmWv

AXp ÿnXn-sN-bvXn-cp-∂-Xpw. ]nem-tØm-kn-s‚-Xs∂ \n¿

t±i]Imcw Cu h-\-Øn¬ tbipsh InS-Øn. tami-bpsS

ac-W-Øn\ptijw ]Xn-\mep \q‰m≠p Ign-™mWv CsX√mw

kw -hn-®-Xv. ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ Ah-X-cn-t°≠ hmKvZ-

Ø-an-inlmsb blq-Z¿ ImØn-cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ap≥I-gn™

]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-sb√mw Zo¿L-Z¿i-\-a-\p-k-cn®p At±lw

]Xy-£-s∏-tS≠ Imehpw AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬,

IjvSw! PqZ-∑m-cpsS B sIm≈-cp-XmØ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ B

ImesØ Xncn-®-dn-™n-√. hmKvZ-Ø aninlmsb Ah¿ I]-

S-hm-Zn-bmbn X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AX-bp-a-√, Ah¿

At±-lsØ Im^n¿˛ kXy\ntj[n F∂p hn[n-°p-Ibpw

h[-in-£-bv°p≈ Ip‰w NpaØn tImSXn Ib-‰p-I-bp-ap-≠m-

bn. P\-ß-fpsS lrZbw kzm¿∞ PSn-e-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw

]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ euIn-Icpw Ipcp-Scpw kXy-hn-tcm-[n-I-fp-

ambn Na-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dp≈ hnhn[Xcw Zp zm-[o-\-ßƒ

]Xn-\memw \q‰m≠n¬ ssZhw Hcp-an®pIq´n.

ChnsS tamsi-bpsS ]Xn-\memw \q‰m≠pw tamsi-bpsS

]Xn-_nw-_-amb \_n-(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-\memw \q‰m

≠pw XΩn¬ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp∂]£w c≠p ]Xn-\memw

\q‰m-≠p-I-fnepw hmKvZØ akolv F∂p hmZn® c≠p hy‡n-

Isf ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. c≠p-t]cpw kXy-hm-Zn-Ifpw ssZh-

Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-hcpambn-cp-∂p. CXn\p]pdsa ]ptcm-ln-X-

h¿§w Im^n-sd∂p apZ-Ip-Øp-I-bpw, I‰p-sI- p-Im-sc∂pw


Z÷m-se∂pw Ccp-h¿°pw t]cn-Sp-Ibpw c≠m-sfbpw sIme

bv°v hn[n-°p-Ibpw Ccp-h-scbpw tImSXn Ib-‰p-I-bp-ap-≠m-

bn; Hcmsf tdma≥ tImS-Xn-bnepw as‰-bmsf Cw•ojv tImS-

Xn-bnepw! HSp-hn¬, c≠mfpw c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw blq-Zcpw apkv

enw-I-fp-amb ]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§-ßƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sN

bvXp. c≠p anin-lm-am¿°pw Hmtcm henb A\p-bmbn

kwLsØ krjvSn-°m\pw c≠p-Xcw iXp-k-aq-l-ß-sfbpw

\ncm-i-bn-em-gvØm\pw ssZhw C—n-®p. aqkm-\-_n-bpsS ]Xn-

\memw \q‰m≠pw \_n-(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-\memw

\q‰m≠pw AXmXp Ime-L- -ß-fnse aninlm-am¿°v ITn-\-

I-jvS-X-I-fpsS Ime-ß-fmbn A\p- -h-s∏- p-sh-¶nepw HSp-]p-

e¿® A\p-Kr-lo-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.

tbip-hns‚ ]m¿∞\

aninlm Ipcn-in¬\n∂v c£-s∏- Xv kw_-‘n® sXfn-

hp-I-fpsS Iq -Øn¬ as‰m∂v kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ "aØmbn' 26-

˛mw A≤ym-b-Ønse 36 apX¬ 46 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬

hnh-cn-®n- p≈ Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. Xm≥ ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ shfn-

]mSp e`n-®-Xns\ØpS¿∂p tbip, cmXn apgp-h≥ lrZbw

s]mń-°-c™psIm≠v ]m¿∞n®p Ign-®p-Iq- n. AXbpw

Zo¿L-t\-csØ AXbpw Ffnb]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sm-

Xn-cn-°m≥ Xc-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, AXy¥w Akz-

ÿ-amb B Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ Hcp hrX-Zm-ks‚ ]m¿∞-\-

Isfmcn-°epw ssZh-k-hn-[-Øn¬ X≈-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂n-cn-

s°, cmXn-ap-gp-h≥ Dd-°-an-f-®p≈ B ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, lrZbw

s]mń-\p-dp-ßp-am-dp≈ B ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, s\mº-c-s∏´ B

flm-hns‚ B A -b-bm-N-\-Iƒ Fßs\ Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-

Sm-\mWv! kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmhv Xs‚ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ kzoI-

cn-°p∂psh∂p anin-lm-Xs∂ Ah-Im-i-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

]m¿∞-\-bn¬ At±-l-Øn\p Dd®hnizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv AdÃv sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ipcn-in-te-‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw


sNbvX-t∏mƒ kml-N-cy-ßƒ Xs‚ ]Xo-£-s°m-Ø√ cq]-

s∏- n- p-≈-sX∂p I≠-b-h-k-c-Øn¬, "Geo, Geo eam k_

‡m\o' (F≥ ssZh-ta, F≥ ssZhta \o Fs∂ ssIhn- -

sXt¥?) F∂n-ßs\ At±lw \ne-hn-fn-®-Xv. F∂p-h-®m¬

CØ-c-Øn¬ kw -hn-°psa∂p˛Ip-cn-in-t∑¬ Xm≥ acn-°m≥

CS-bm-Ip-sa-∂p˛ At±lsamcn-°epw ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂n-

s√∂pXs∂. kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Cu c≠p

]cm-a¿i-ßfpw sXfn-bn-®Xv Xs‚ ]m¿∞\ ssZhw tIƒ°p-

sa∂pw kzoI-cn-°p-sa∂pw tbip ]q¿Æ-lr-Z-b-tØmsS hniz-

kn-®n-cp∂psh∂m-Wv. cmXn apgp-h≥ Dd-°-an-f®pw IÆo¿

hm¿Øpw Xm≥ sNbvX kphn-\oX ]m¿∞-\-Isfmcn-°epw

]mgm-bn-t∏m-In-s√∂p At±-l-Øn\p d-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ injy-

∑msc At±lw ssZhn-I-amb A[n-Im-c-tØmSp IqSn-Øs∂

"\nßƒ ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-s∏Spw'

F∂p ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IqSm-sX, a\p-

jy-s\bpw ssZh-sØbpw b-s∏-SmØ \ymbm-[n-]-s\-°p-dn-

®p≈ Hc-\ym-]-tZ-ihpw At±lw hnh-cn®p sImSp-Øp. ssZhw

\n›b-ambpw ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p∂psh∂p injy-

∑msc t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu D]am IY-sIm≠p

t±-in-°-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp henb hn]Øv X\nbv°v XcWw

sNøm-\p-s≠∂p tbip Adn-™n-cp-s∂-¶nepw as‰√m \oXn-

am-∑m-sc-bpw-t]mse At±-lhpw ssZh-tØmSp ]m¿∞n-®p,

ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bm-Ø-Xmbn H∂pwXs∂-bn-s√∂pw GXp

Imcyhpw AXp \S-°-Wtam th≠tbm F∂p ssZhw Xs∂-

bmWv \n›-bn-°p-∂-sX∂pw Dd®p hniz-kn®psIm≠p-Xs∂.

AXn\m¬, tbip-hns‚ kz¥w ]m¿∞\ Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂-]£w AXp injy-cpsS hnizm-ksØ XI¿Øp Xcn-∏-

W-am-°m≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. injy-cpsS hnizm-ksØ

XI¿°p∂ Hcp DZm-l-cWw Ah-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°pI km[y-am-bn-cp-∂pthm? tbip-hn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp alm-

]-hm-N-I≥ Zpcn-X-lr-Z-b-tØmsS cmXn apgp-h≥ Dd-°-an-f®p


sNbvX ]m¿∞ \Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°-s∏- ns√∂ph∂m¬ B

\n¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb kw`hw injy-K-W-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Øn\p

Hcp henb ]co-£-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v, Icp-Wm-

\n-[n-bmb ssZhw Cu ]m¿∞\ X≈n-°-f-bp-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-

∂p. KXvi-a\ tXm -Øn¬h®p tbip \S-Ønb ]m¿∞\

ssZhw kzoI-cn®p sh∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w.

]pWy-hm-f¿s°-Xnsc

as‰mcp ImcyhpwIqSn ChnsS Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠p. tbip-

hns\ sIm√m≥ KqVm-tem-N\ D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xp t]msebpw

apJy-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑mcpw imkvXn-amcpw Iø^m-kv F∂ alm-

]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ h-\-Øn¬ tbip-hns\ sIm√m-\p≈ Bkq-

X-W-ßƒ°mbn ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂Xpt]msebpw tamisb sIm

√p-hm\pw A]-ImcwXs∂ \_n-(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb h[n-°m≥

a°-bnse Zmdp-∂-Zvh-bn¬h®p KqVm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-∂n- p-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, k¿∆i‡\mb ssZhw almflm

°fmb B c≠p \_namtcbpw B KqVmtemN\bpsS

Zpjv e Øn¬\n∂v c£n®p. tbip-hn-s\-Xnsc \S∂ KqVm-

temN\ -ta¬c≠p ]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-tSbpw ImeØn\nSbn¬

kw`hn® XmWv. Cu c≠v ]hmNI∑mtc°mƒ IqSpX¬

lrZ-b-th-Z-\-tbmSpIqSn tbip ]m¿∞n-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cns°

At±lw F¥p-sIm≠p c£-s∏- n√? Xs‚ hcn-jvT-Zm-k-cpsS

]m¿∞-\-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw tZmln-I-fpsS Bkq-X-W-

ßƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZhw F¥p-sIm≠p

tbip-hns‚ ]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-®n√? hnj-an-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw

thZ-\n-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ssZhw kzoI-cn-°p

∂psh∂Xp F√m kZr-Ø-∑m-cp-sSbpw A\p- -h-am-Wv. A√,

Hcp kZr-Øs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]co-£-bpsS \mƒ

ZrjvSm-¥-Øns‚ \mfm-Ip-∂p. CØcw FXtbm A\p- -h-

ßƒ F\n-°p-≠m-bn- p-≠v. ]©m-_n¬ Aar-Xvk-dn¬ ]m¿Øp-

h∂ InkvXym-\n-bmb tUm. am¿´n≥ ¢m¿°v c≠p-sIm√w


aptº Kp¿Zm-kv]q¿ Pn√m aPn-kvtS v tImS-Xn-bn¬ Hcp h[-

iaw Btcm-]n®p F\n-s°-Xnsc I≈-t°-kp-≠m-°n. tUm

IvSsd sIm√m≥ A_vZp¬ laoZv F∂p t]cmb Hcp-hs\

Rm≥ Ab®psh∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ t]cn¬ D∂-bn®

Btcm-]-Ww. InkvXym-\n-Ifpw lnµp-°fpw apkvenw-I-fp-amb

aq∂p kap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬s∏´ ]e KqVm-tem-N-\-°mcpw Cu

tI n¬ Fs∂ FXn¿°m≥ HØp-tN¿∂p. F\n-s°-Xnsc

B Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ sIm≠p-]n-Sn-®p-

t\m-°n. tbip-hn-s\-∏‰n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]pe¿Øp∂ sX

‰mb Bi-b-ß-fn¬\n∂p temIsc c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Rm≥

ian-®p-sIm≠ncp∂p˛ Rm≥ Ct∏mgpw B ia-Øn¬Øs∂-

bmWv F∂-XsX F\n-s°-Xn-cn¬ InkvXym-\n-I-ƒ-°p-≠m-

bn-cp∂ ]cm-Xn. Ah-cn¬\n∂v F\n-°p-≠mb BZysØ Zpc-

\p- -hhpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]fin‰v te-Jvdm-ans‚ ac-

W-sØ-∏‰n Rm≥ ]h-Nn®p F∂-Xn-s\-s®m√n lnµp-°fpw

Fs‚ t\sc A\njvSw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. teJvdm-ans‚

]q¿Æm-\p-a-Xn-tbm-sS-bmWv Rm≥ B ]h-N\w sNbvXn-cp-

∂-Xv. B ]h-N\w \n›n-X-k-a-bØv ]q¿Øn-bm-bn. AsXmcp

`oI-c-amb ZnhymS-bm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. tbm[r-a-lvZn-bpsS BK-a-

\sØ kw_-‘n® Bi-b-sØbpw Xßƒ [cn-®p-h-® Pnlm-

Zn-s\bpw FXn¿Øp-t]m-∂-Xn-\m¬ apkvenw De-am-°fpw F\n-

s°-Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu aq∂p kap-Zm-b-ß-fn-sebpw ]ap-J-

cmb Nne hy‡n-Iƒ F\n-s°-Xn-cm-bp≈ h[-i-a-°p‰w sXfn-

bn-°m-\pw Aßs\ Xq°n-te-‰p-Itbm Pbn-en-e-S-°p-Itbm

sNøm-\p-ambn ]c-kv]cw KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øn. ssZh-Øns‚

ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ch¿ Aßs\ A[¿Ωn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Ah-

cpsS cl-kym-tem-N-\-Iƒ°v aptº-Xs∂ ssZhw Fs∂ C

°mcyadn-bn-®p. Ip‰-tam-Nn-X-\mbn hn -b-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p ssZhw

F\n°v ap≥Iq´n kphm¿Øbpw \evIn. \qdp-I-W-°n-em-fp-

I-fpsS apºmsI ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-≤-sh-fn-]mSp Rm≥

ap≥Iq- n-Øs∂ ]Jym-]n-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu shfn-]m-Sp-


Iƒ°ptijw "A√tbm \mYm, \o Fs∂ Cu ]co-£-bn¬

\n∂v c£n-t°-Wta' F∂p Rm≥ ]m¿∞n-®-t∏mƒ Fs∂

c£n-°p-sa∂pw F\n-s°-Xnsc Ah¿ sIm≠p-h∂ Btcm-

]-W-ß-fn¬\n∂p Rm≥ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw ssZhw

F\n-°p shfn-]mSp \evIn. ap∂q-dn-e-[nIw t]sc Rm≥ Cu

shfn-]mSp t\cn´p tIƒ∏n-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw

C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Fs‚ iXp-°ƒ tImS-Xn-bn¬

I≈-km£yw \evIn. aq∂p kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse ]ap-J-hy-‡n-

Iƒ F\n-s°-Xnsc samgn \evIn-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿ tIkv GXm-

s≠ms° sXfn-bn-°p-I-Xs∂ sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bn-

cns° B tIkns‚ \nP-ÿnXn ]e ]Im-c-Ønepw AXp

hnNm-cW sNøp∂ \ymbm-[n-]-\m-bn-cp∂ Kp¿Zm-kv]q¿

U]yq´n IΩo-j-W-dm-bn-cp∂ Iym]v‰≥ Uªyp U•-kn\v

ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øns°mSpØp. CsXmcp I≈-t°-km-

sW∂v At±-l-Øn\p t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ

Hcp anj-W-dn-IqSn Bbn-cp∂ tUmIvSsd H´pw Ku\n-°msX

tIkv X≈n°-f-bm≥Xs∂ \oXnt_m[w At±-l-Øn¬

t]cW sNep-Øn. Aßs\ ssZhn-I-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ Fs‚ hnSpXn kw_-‘n® \qdp-I-W-°n-\m-fp-

I-fpsS apºm-sIbpw s]mXp-tbm-K-ß-fn¬h®pw ap≥Iq- n-

Øs∂ Rm≥ ]Jym-]n-®n-cp-∂-sXt¥m AsX√mw ]q¿Øn-

bm-bn. A∂sØ B]Xv°-c-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fn-emWv C]-

Imcw kw -hn-®n-cp-∂-sX-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXp ]q¿Øn-bm-hm≥

AXp Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXp amX-a√ C]-Im-c-

ap≈ a‰-t\Iw Ip‰m-tcm-]-W-ßfpw ta¬ Imc-W-ß-

fm¬Øs∂ F\n-s°-Xn-sc D∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw tImS-Xn-bn¬

Ah-sb-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tImS-Xn-bn¬ Rm≥ lmP-cm-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v aptº-Xs∂ apgp-h≥ Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw XpS-

°hpw HSp-°-hp-sa√mw A√mlp Fs∂ ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-

°p-Ibpw Hmtcm ][m\ tI nepw hnSp-Xnsb Ipdn-®p≈

kphm¿Ø F\n°p \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.


tbip ]oX-Zm-k≥

k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZhw, Ahs‚ hniz-kvX-cmb Zmk¿ a¿±n-

X-cmb \ne-bn¬ hmXn¬°¬sN∂p ap´ptºmƒ Ah-cpsS

A¿∞nXßƒ km[n-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂psh∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-

s√-∂mWv CXbpw ]d-™-Xns‚ BI- m-cw. Ah≥ Ah-cpsS

]cn-tZ-h-\-ßƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw A¤p-X-I-cambXc-Øn¬

Ah¿°v klmbw \evIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXn\p Rm≥Xs∂

Hcp km£n-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ, CXbpw henb Hcp ]co£m-L-

-Øn¬ tbip \S-Ønb thZ-\-\n-d™ ]m¿∞\ F¥p-sIm≠v

kzoI-cn-°-s∏ n√? A√! B ]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-°-s∏-SpI Xs∂-

bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ssZhw At±-lsØ c£n-®p. At±-lsØ c£-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ßƒ qan-bnepw BIm-i-Ønepw

ssZhw krjvSn-s®m-cp-°n. tbml-∂m≥ AYhm blvbm]hm-

N-I\p ]m¿∞n-°m≥ th≠X kabw e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√. At±-l-

Øns‚ kabw FØn-°-gn-™n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-Xm-\pw, F∂m¬,

tbip-hn\p Hcp cmXn apgp-h\pw ]m¿∞n-°m≥ kabw In´n.

At±lw apgp-h≥ cmXnbpw ssZh-Øn\p apºn¬ Ipºn phoWp

]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ITn-\-bm-X-\-Iƒ

tbip ssZh-Øn\p apºn¬ hy‡-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw ssZh-

tØmSv tamN\w tXSp-Ibpw sNøW-sa-∂Xp ssZh-ln-X-am-bn-

cp-∂p. ssZh-Øn\p Akm-[y-am-bns´m∂pwXs∂-bn-√. AXp-

sIm≠v, ssZhw k\m-X-\-amb Ahs‚ \oXn-b-\p-k-cn®p B

]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tbipsh Ipcn-in-te-‰n-b-tijw

blq-Z¿ ]d™p, "Abmƒ ssZhw, Xs∂ c£n-°p-sa-∂t√

hoºn-f-°n-b-Xv. ssZhw Abmsf c£n-®n- n-√t√m' F∂p! blq-

Z¿ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Im]Syw ]pe¿Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. blq-Z-cpsS

kIe Bkq-X-W-ß-sfbpw ssZhw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

Xs‚ ]nb-ap≈ aninlmsb Ipcn-in¬\n∂pw AXns‚ im]-

Øn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. blq-Z¿°m-

Is´, \ncm-i-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠nbpw h∂p.


kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬\n∂p \ap°p e`n-°p∂ km£y-ß-

fpsS Iq -Øn¬ as‰m∂p "aØmbn' bnse Xmsg D≤-cn-°p∂

hmN-I-ß-fmWv: ""\oXn-am-\mb lmt_-ens‚ c‡wapX¬

\nßƒ aµn-c-Øn\pw bmK-]o-T-Øn\pw \Sp-hn¬h®p sIm∂-

h-\mb s_sc-Jym-hns‚ aI-\mb skJ-cym-hns‚ c‡whsc

`qan-bn¬ sNmcn-b-s∏´ \oXn-bp≈ c‡-sa√mw \nß-fpsSta¬

htc-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. CsXm-s°bpw Cu Xe-ap-d-ta¬ hcpsa∂p

Rm≥ kXy-am-bn´p \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp∂p'' (a-Øm-bn,23: 35, 36).

PqX-∑m¿ ]hm-N-I-∑msc sIm√p-∂Xp skJcym]hm-N-I-t\m

sS Ah-km-\n®psh∂p tbip hy‡-ambn ]kvXm-hn-®n- p-

≈-Xmbn Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ Nn¥n-°p∂ ]£w \nßƒ°v

a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXn-\p-tijw PqX-∑m¿°v Hcp ]hm-

N-I-s\bpw sIm√m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. tbip Ipcn-in¬ h[n-°-

s∏- n- ns√∂p sXfn-bn®p Im´p∂ Hcp alm-]-h-N-\-amWXv.

At±lw Ipcn-in¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv

]IrXn km[m-c-W-amb \ne-bn¬ At±lw Nc-a-a-S-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. tbiphpw skJ-cym-hn-s\-t∏mse PqX-∑m-cpsS

ssIbm¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xs‚ ac-W-sØ-

∏‰n Cu hmN-I-ß-fn¬ kq-N\ \evIn-bn-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, aninlm blq-Zn-I-fpsS ssIbm¬ acn®psh¶nepw

At±-lsØ sIm∂Xv blq-Zsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Hcp

]m]-a-s√∂pw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-sa-t∂m-W-amWv At±lw sIm√-

s∏- -sX∂pw hcp-Inepw B \nKa\w icn-bm-hp-I-bn-√. Fs¥-

∂m¬, "tbml-∂m≥' 19- mw A≤ymbw 11˛mw hN-\-Øn¬ anin-

lmsb sIm√p-hm-\p≈ Zpcm-tem-N\ ImcWw blq-Z¿ sImSpw-

]m-]n-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂p anin lmXs∂ hfsc hy‡-

ambn ]kvXm-hn-®n- p-≠v. C]-ImcwXs∂ a‰p ]e ÿe-ß-

fnepw C°mcyw kqNn-∏n-°p-I bpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. aninlm-

hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn® alm-]-cm[w \nanØw ssZh-

Zr-„n-bn¬ b-lq-Z¿ in£m¿l-cm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw

hy‡-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- n- p-≠v. (a-Ømbn, 26:24).


a\p-jy-]p-X≥ ho≠pw hcp-tºmƒ

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ km£y-ß-fn¬ as‰m∂p "a

Ømbn'bnse Xmsg]d-bp∂ hN-\-ß-fm-Wv, ""a\p-jy-]p-X≥

Xs‚ cmPy-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xp ImWp-thmfw acWw Bkz-Zn-

°m-Ø-h¿ Nne¿ Cu \nev°p-∂-h-cn¬ D≠p F∂p Rm≥

kXy-am-bn´p \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp∂p'' (16:28). At∏m-se-Ø-

s∂, "tbml-∂m-'\n¬ C]-Imcw ImWp∂p: "tbip Ah-

t\mSp: Rm≥ hcp-thmfw Ch≥ (tbm-l-∂m≥) Ccn-t°-W-

sa∂p (b-cq-i-te-an¬) F\n°p CjvS-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXp

\n\°v F¥v' (tbm-l-∂m≥, 21:22). AXm-b-Xp, Xm\mK-ln-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xm≥ ho≠pw hcp-∂-Xp-hsc tbml-∂m≥

acn-°p-I-bn-√. Xm≥ ho≠pw hcp-∂-Xp-h-scbpw injy-cn¬

Nne¿ Pohn-®n-cn-°Wsa∂p aninlm hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cp-

∂-Xm-bn-´mWv ta¬hm-Iy-ß-fn¬\n∂p hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

Aßs\ Pohn-®-ncn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ Hcp-h≥ tbml-∂m≥ Bbn-

cn-°pw. AXn-\m¬, Cu hmKvZØw ]pe-tc-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-

am-bn-cp-∂p. C]-Imcw Cu ]h-N\w ]pe¿∂-Xmbn Icp-X-

s∏-tS-≠-Xn\p ]h-N\w hmKvZ-Ø-]-Imcw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-

\mbn A∂p-≈-h-cn¬ Nne¿ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ tbip htc-

≠Xv Bh-iy-am-bn-cp∂psh∂p InkvXym-\n-IƒXs∂ kΩ-

Xn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. CXmWv tbip Xs‚ hmKvZ-Ø-]-Imcw bcq-

i-te-ans‚ \mi-\m-fn¬ bcq-i-te-an¬ h∂n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw At∏mƒ Pohn-®n-cp∂ tbml-∂m≥ At±-lsØ

I≠n-cp-∂p-sh-∂p-ap≈ InkvXob ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ]Jym-

]-\-Øn-\-Sn-ÿm\w. F∂m¬, ]h-Nn-°-s∏´ AS-bmfßtfm-

Sp-IqSn tbip kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂n-d-ßn-h∂psh∂p InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂n-s√∂ Imcyw ]tXyIw it≤-b-am-Wv. "a-

Ømbn' 16- mw A≤ym-b-Ønse 28- mw hN-\-Øn¬ ]d™

hmKv-ZØw ]pe-cp-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\p At±lw tbml-∂m\pw

Z¿i-\-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-\mbn F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬,


CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hchv ]h-N\w ]pe¿∂psh∂p hcp-Øn-

Øo¿°m≥ klm-bI-am-In-s√∂p Rm≥ ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-

≈-s´. XnI®pw Zp¿∫-e-amb Hcp hymJym-\-amWn-Xv. hna¿i-

I-cn¬\n∂v hn\-b-]q¿∆w Hgn-™p-am-dp∂ Hcp hymJym-\w.

CXp XnI®pw sX‰m-bn-´p-≈Xpw \ne-\nev°m-Ø-Xp-amb

hymJym-\-am-Wv. CXns\ Jfin-t°≠ BhiywXs∂-bn-

√. B¿s°-¶nepw kz]v\-Øntem Znhy-Z¿i-\-Øntem BWv

tbip ]Xy-£-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬, CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

]h-N\w ]cn-lm-ky-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q.7

C-]-Imcw tbip hfsc aptº-Xs∂ ]utem-kn\pw ]Xy-

£-\m-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. "aØmbn' 16- mw A≤ymbw 28- mw hN-

\-Øn¬ ]d™ ]h-N\w ]mXn-cn-am¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Bi-b-

°p-g-∏-Øn\p Imc-W-am-°n-bn-cn°-bm-Wv. AXn\p Xß-fpsS

hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®p bp‡n-bp-‡-amb A¿∞w \evIm≥

Ah¿°p km[n-®n- n-√. bcq-itew hn\m-i-Im-eØv aninlm

Xs‚ ]Xm-]-ß-tfmsS BIm-i-Øn¬\n∂ndßn h∂n- p-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, BIm-i-Øn¬\n∂v D÷z-en-°p∂ an∂¬]n-

W¿ kI-e¿°pw Zriy-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse At±-lsØ F√m-

hcpw I≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-bm≥ GXm-bmepw Ah¿°v

km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. a\p-jy-]p-X≥ Xs‚ cmP-Øz-tØmsS

hcp-∂-Xp-hsc ChnsS IqSn-b-h-cn¬ Nne¿ acWw cpNn-®-dn-

bn√ F∂ ]kvXm-h-\bpw Ah-K-Wn®p X≈m≥ Ah¿°v

AX-thKw km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√. AXn-\m¬, hfsc ]bm-

7. "aØmbn' 16- mw A≤ymbw 28- mw hN-\-Øn∂p Nne aue-hn-am¿ InkvXym-\n-I-fp-tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ iam-h-l-amb hymJym-\-ßƒ \evIn-bn- p-≈-Xmbn Rm≥Nne KŸ-ß-fn¬ ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn. aninlm hcp∂ Ime-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-am-bn, B Xe-ap-d-bn¬s]´ Nne¿ A°m-eØv Pohn-®n-cp-∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw akolv ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Hcp injy≥ IqSnbpw Pohn-®n-cp-∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v tbip ]Jym-]n-®n-cp-∂n- p-≈-t∏mƒ B injy≥ Ct∂m-fhpwPohn-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-sW∂pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, akolvC\nbpw ]Xy-£-\m-bn- n-√. Cu injy≥ ako-ln-s\bpw ]Xo-£n®v GtXmae-bn¬ Ct∏mgpw Hfn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-WsX!


k-I-c-amb Hcp hymJym\w \evIn-s°m≠p ]h-N\w Bfl-

Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xmbn Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p.

F∂m¬, CXp icn-b-√. \oXn-am-∑m-cmb ssZh-Zm-k¿ hcn-

jvT-∑m¿°v Ft∏mgpw Z¿i-\-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Ah¿

kz]v\-Øn¬ amXsa ]Xy-£-cmIq F∂p-an-√. PmK-Øn¬

Xs∂ Ahsc ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. F\n°pXs∂ AØcw

[mcmfw A\p- -h-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Rm≥ FXtbm XhW Bfl-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ lZvdØv

ako-lns\ ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn- p-≠v. a‰p Nne ]hm-N-I-∑m-

cp-ambpw Rm≥ PmK-Øn¬Øs∂ A`n-ap-J-Z¿i\w \S-Øo-

´p-≠v. \ΩpsS bP-am-\cpw t\Xmhpw Fs‚ Cam-ap-amb lZv

dØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m(k) Xncp-ta-\nsbØs∂bpw PmK-

Øn¬ Rm≥ ]e-X-hW ImWp-Ibpw B Znhym-flmhnt\mSp

kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. kz]v\-Øn-s‚tbm ab-

°-Øn-s‚tbm kqN-\-t]mepw C√mØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬

DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ acn-®p-t]mb Nnesc J_v-dp-

Iƒ°-SptØm a‰n-S-ß-fntemh®p PmK-Øn¬ ImWp-Ibpw

Ah-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. PmK-Xm-h-ÿ-

bn¬Øs∂ C]-Imcw acn-®-hsc ImWm≥ km≤y-am-sW-

∂Xp Fs‚ A\p- -h-am-Wv. ImWpI amX-a-√, Ah-cp-ambn

kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v lkvX-Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂Xpt]mepw km≤y-am-Wv. CXpw km[m-cW t_m[m-h-

ÿbpw XΩn¬ A\p- -h-Øn¬ Hcp hyXym-khpan√; Cu

temI-Øn¬Øs∂-bm-sW∂ \√ t_m[-tØmSpIqSn

Øs∂. CtX ImXp-Ifpw CtX IÆp-Ifpw CtX \mhpw

Xs∂! F∂m¬, Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ AXp as‰mcp

]]-©-am-sW∂p shfn-s∏-Spw. Cu temI-Øn\p CØcw

A\p- -h-ßƒ Adn™p IqSm! CXp ]t£, kz¿§o-b-amb

Hcp kΩm-\-am-Ip-∂p. \th-µn-b-ßƒ ]Zm\w sNø-s∏- -h¿

°p≈ khn-ti-jm-\p- q-Xn-bsX CXv. CXp Hcp bmYm¿∞y-


am-Wv. kXy-h-kvXp-XbpwXs∂. AXn\m¬, bcq-itew \mi-

Øn\ptijw tbip tbml-∂m\p ]Xy-£-\m-b-t∏mƒ At±

lw tbip-hns\ PmK-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv I≠-sX-¶nepw

Ah¿ XΩn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw lkvX-Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw B kw -hsØ ]h-N-\-Øns‚ ]pe

¿®-bp-ambn Hcp Xc-Ønepw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-X√. CØcw

]Xn- m-k-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw Cu temIØv kw -hn-°m-dp-≠v.

Ct∏mƒØs∂, Rm≥ Fs‚ i≤ Aev]-sam∂p B hi-

tØ°p Xncn-°p∂ ]£w ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬, Cu PmK-

Xmh-ÿ-bn¬Xs∂ tbip-hn-t\tbm at‰-sX-¶nepw ]cn-ip-

≤-]-hm-N-I-t\tbm F\n°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. F∂m¬,

CØcw Hcp ImW¬ "aØmbn' 16- mw A≤ymbw 28- mw hN-

\-Øn-e-S-ßnb ]h-N-\-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWsamcn-°epw

Bhp-I-bn-√.

Xm≥ Ipcn-in¬\n∂p c£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw ]n∂oSp

as‰mcp \m´n¬ amdn-∏m¿°p-sa∂pw PqZ-∑m-cpsS \miw kz¥w

IÆp-sIm≠p ImWp-thmfw ssZhwXs∂ acn-∏n-°p-Itbm

Cu temIØp\n∂p FSpØpsIm≈p-Itbm sNøp-∂-X-

s√∂pw Bflo-b-amb Hu∂Xyw ]m]n-®-h¿°v ssZhw A\p-

K-ln-®-cp-fnb kz¿§-cm-Py-Ønse e-kn-≤n-Iƒ km£m¬I-

cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xphsc Xm≥ ac-W-a-S-bp-∂-X-s√∂pw tbip Adn-

™n-cp∂psh∂-XmWv kXyw. X\n-s°-Xnsc hmfp-b¿Øn-b-

h¿ Xs‚ Pohn-X-Im-eØv Xs‚ I¨ap-ºn¬h-®p-Xs∂ hmfn-

∂n-c-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂ alm-Zr-„m-¥-ßƒ DS≥ ImWpam-dm-Ip-

sa∂p kzin-jy¿°v Dd∏p \evIp-∂-Xn\pth≠n-bmWv tbip

Cu ]h-N\w Acp-fn-b-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v sXfn-hp-Iƒ°v Fs¥-

¶nepw hne-bp-s≠-¶n¬, CXn-s\-°mƒ henb as‰mcp sXfnhv

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v D∂-bn-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xm≥ ho≠pw-

h-cp-tºmƒ, Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-Ip-sa∂p

tbip Xs‚ kz¥w \mhp-sIm≠p ]h-Nn®psh∂p-≈Xp

Xs∂-bmWv sXfn-hv.


]p\-cm-K-a-\-]-h-N\w

tbip-hns‚ ]Xym-K-a-\-sØ-∏‰n kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬

c≠p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]h-N-\-ß-fp-s≠∂p a\- n-em-°-Ww.

1. A¥y-\m-fnse BK-a-\-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ hmKvZm-\w. Cu

hchv Bflo-b-kz- m-h-ap-≈Xpw tbip-hns‚ Ime-sØ, ]hm-

N-I-\mb Gen-bm-hns‚ c≠mw hc-hn-t\mSp kmZr-iy-ap-≈-

Xp-asX. Gen-bm-hn-s\-t∏mse At±lw C°m-eØv ]Xy-

£-s∏- p. AXp Cu hcn-I-sf-gp-Xp∂ Cubp-≈-h≥ Xs∂-

bm-Wv. tbip-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ hmKv-ZØaninlm Bbn Ah-

X-cn® Hcp a\p-jy-hw-i-Zm-k≥. Fs‚ hc-hns\∏‰n kphn-

ti-j-ß-fn¬ tbipXs∂ kphm¿Ø-Iƒ \evIo- p-≠v. tbip-

hn-t\m-Sp≈ BZcw \nanØw kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw B¿÷-

h-tØmSpw Fs‚ hc-hn-s\-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Imen-S¿®-

bn¬\n∂p kzbw c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\mtcm Ah-

\sX mKy-hm≥.

2. c≠mw hc-hn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ kphn-ti-j-ß-fnse as‰mcp

]h-N\w bYm¿∞Øn¬, Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-Ønse A\p- -h-

ßƒ°n-S-bnepw ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ AtX-]Sn \ne\n∂

Pohs‚ e£-W-ambn ]d-b-s∏- n- p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu atlm-∂-

X-Zm-ks\ ssZhw Ct∏mƒ ]d™ ]Imcw Iqip-a-c-W-

Øn¬\n∂p c£-s∏-Sp-ØpIXs∂ sNbvXp. Cu c≠p kw -

h-ß-sfbpw Iq´n-°p-g-°p-∂-Xn¬ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v sX‰p

]‰n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXp-aqew Ah¿ henb Ipg-∏-Øn¬s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂p. hf-sc-tbsd ]bm-k-ßsf Ah¿°v A`n-ap-Jo-

I-cn-t°-≠nbpw h∂n-cn-°p-∂p, Npcp-°-Øn¬ aØmbn 16- mw

A≤ym-b-Ønse ]kvXp-X-hm-NIw tbip Ipcn-in¬\n∂v c£-

s∏´psh∂p sXfn-bn®pImWn-°p∂ kp]-[m-\-amsbmcp

km£y-tc-J-bm-Ip-∂p. \ap°v e`n-®n- p≈ kphn-ti-j-km-

£y-ß-fn¬ as‰m∂p aØm-bn-bnse Cu hcn-I-fm-Wv. ""BIm-

i-Ønse i‡n-Iƒ Cf-In-t∏m-Ipw, ..... At∏mƒ a\p-jy-]p-


X≥ BIm-i-Ønse taL-ß-fn-t∑¬ alm-i-‡n-tbmSpw

tXP-t mSpwIqsS hcp-∂XpImWpw.'' (24:29) Cu hmN-I-

Øns‚ A¿∞w CXmWv: BIm-i-Øn¬\n∂v, AXm-bXp

ssZhn-I-amb CS-s]-S¬ aqew, tbip-hns‚ ssZh-Xz-sØbpw

Ipcn-in-t∑-ep≈ ac-W-sØbpw kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-sØ-bp-w ]p\-

cm-K-a-\-sØbpw kw_-‘n® hnizm-k-ß-sf√mw A¿∞-iq-

\y-ßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-ßfpamsW∂v sXfn-bn®p Im´p

∂ Adn-hp-Ifpw \ymb-hm-Z-ßfpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw shfn-s∏- p-

Xp-S-ßpw. tbip ssZh-Øns‚ kXy-]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂ hkv

XpX \ntj-[n®hcpsS AXm-b-Xp, blq-Z-cpsS If-hp-Iƒs°-

Xn-cn¬ kz¿§o-b-i-‡n-Iƒ km£yw \evIpw. Fs¥-∂m¬

Ah¿ Ipcn-ip-kw- hw ImcWw tbipsh i]n-°-s∏´ Hcm-

fmbn Icp-Xn-t∏m-∂p-sh-¶nepw At±lw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-®n-

´n-s√-∂pw i]vX-a-c-W-Øn-∂n-c-bm-bn-´n-s√-∂p-ap≈ bmYm

¿∞yw hy‡-ambpw ÿm]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°pw. At∏mƒ, `qan-

bnse k-I-e tKmX-ßfpw F∂ph®m¬ tbip-hns‚ bYm

¿∞\ne a\- n-em-°msX At±-lsØ Aÿm-\Øv Db¿Øn-

°m-Wn-°p-Itbm XmgvØn-s°- p-Itbm sNbvXn- p-≈-h-sc√mw

Xßƒ°v ]nW™ ]nghv Hm¿Øv AXy¥w e÷n-X-cm-bn-

Øo-cp-I-bpw, AtX Ime-L- -Øn¬Xs∂, Cu bmYm¿∞yw

ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ tbip ]Xn-cq-]m-fl-I-ambn qan-bn¬

Ah-X-cn-°p-∂Xp temIw ImWp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXm-b-Xv,

Bflo-b-i-‡n-bnepw kz`m-h-Kp-W-Ønepw tbip-hn\p kZr-

i-\mb hmKvZØ akolv Xnf-ßp∂ Zr„m-¥-ß-tfmSpw

kz¿§o-b-]n-¥p-W-tbmSpw A¤p-X-i-‡n-tbmSpw aln-am-hn-em-

k-tØmSpw shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, temIw At±-lsØ Xncn-®-dn-

bp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pXs∂. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fmb BXy-

¥nI hnizm-k-ßƒ hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ßƒh®p ]pe¿Øm-

\n-S-bmb khn-tij hy‡n-Xzhpw Pohn-X-kw- -h-ß-fp-amWv

tbip-hn¬ ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂-sX-∂m-Wv Cu hmNIw a\- n-

em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. Nne kap-Zm-b-ßƒ At±-l-sØ-∏‰n Hc-‰-


Øp≈ hnizmkw ]pe¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ a‰p-Nne kap-Zm-b-ßƒ

at‰-A-‰-Øp≈ hnizmkw kzoI-cn-®p. Hcp hn`mKw A-t±-

lsØ am\p-jn-I-amb Ah-ÿ-Iƒs°√mw AXo-X-amb

ÿm\-tØ-°p-b¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ At±lw acn-®n-´n-s√∂pw

At±lw BIm-i-Øn¬ C∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂ps≠∂p-t]m

epw Ah-cn¬ Hcp- hn`mKw tLmjn-°p-∂p- as‰mcp hn`mKw

AXn-∂-∏p-dhpw IS∂v At±lw Ipcn-in¬ acn-®-tijw

ho≠pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰v BIm-i-Øn-te°v Db¿∂p-t]m-

sb∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ F√m A[n-Imc i‡n-Ifpw At±-l-

Øn\v kzmb-Ø-am-sW∂pw F∂-√, At±lw ssZhw Xs∂-

bm-sW∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. as‰mcp mKØv blq-Zn-Iƒ tLmjn-

°p-∂-Xm-I-s´, tbip Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn®psh∂pw AXn-\m¬

Imem-Im-e-tØ°pw i]n-°-s∏- -h\pw (ssZ-h-Øn¬ ic-Ww!)

ssZh-tIm-[-Øn\v Cc-bm-b-h\pw Bbn-Øo¿∂p-sh ∂pw

AsX. ssZhw At±-lsØ ssIhn- p. AXr-]vXn-tbmSpw iXp-

X-tbmSpw IqSn-bmWv ssZhw At±-lsØ t\m°p-∂-Xv. tbip

Hcp I≈-hm-Znbpw I]-S\pw Im^ndpw Ahn-izmkn t\Xmhp

ambXn\m¬ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p-≈-h-\s√∂pw Ah¿ tLmjn-

°p-∂p. Cu BXy-¥nI sshcp-≤y-hmZ-ßƒ Atß-b‰w A

\o-Xn-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu Btcm-]-W-ß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw

Xs‚ kXy-Zq-Xs\ ssZhw tamNn-∏n-t°≠Xp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

apI-fn¬ D≤-cn® kphn-tij hmNIw Cu bmYm¿∞y-amWv

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.

"`qan-bnse F√m tKmX-ßfpw hne-]n°pw' F∂ ]kvXm-

h-\-sIm≠v hnh-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, "P\w' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚

A¿∞ hym]vXn-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈m-hp∂ F√m tKmX-ßfpw

B \mfn¬ ZpxJn°pw F∂-tX. "Ah¿ amd-Ø-Sn®p hne-]n-

°pw. Ah-cpsS ZpxJw hepXmb ZpxJw Bbn-cn-°pw.' Cu

hmNIw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Aev]-sam∂p i≤n®p hmbn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. P\X apgp-h≥ amd-Ø-Sn®p \ne-hn-fn-°p-∂Xp


kw_-‘n® Hcp ]h-N-\-amWv Cu hmN-I-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂n-cn-t°, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v Cu hnem-

]Øn¬\n∂v Hgn™p \nev°m≥ Fßs\ Ignbpw? Ah¿

P\-X-bn¬s∏-Sp-I-bnt√? Ahcpw amd-Ø-Sn®p \ne-hn-fn-°p-

∂-h-cpsS Iq -Øn¬s∏Sp-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿ F¥p-sIm≠v Xß-

fpsS c£-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂n√? a\p-jy-]p-Xs‚ AS-

bmfw BIm-i-Øn¬ hnf-ßp-tºmƒ qan-bnse kIe tKmX-

ßfpw hne-]n°psa∂mWv ]d-b-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv. Xs‚ tKmXw

hne-]n-°n√ F∂v hmZn-°p∂bmƒ tbip-hns\ X≈n-∏-d-bp-

IbmWv sNøp∂Xv. P\w F∂p ]d-bm≥ A¿l-c√m-Ø-hn[w

Ipd-™-h-cm-bn-´p-≈-h¿ CXn¬s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. AXm-Is´

\ΩpsS kwLamWpXm-\pw; A√ \ΩpsS hn`mKw amXw!

Fs¥-∂m¬ Cu hn`mKw Ct∏mgpw Hcp P\w F∂p ]d-bm

≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w hfsc Ipd™ AwK-kwJy D≈-h-c-sX.

BIm-i-Øn¬ Hc-S-bmfw shfn-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ P\w

F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sm≥ A¿l-X-bp≈ hn`m-K-sa√mw hne-]n-

°p-sa∂pw P\w F∂ t]cn\v A¿l-c-√m-Ø-hn[w FÆ-

Øn¬ Ipd-™n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ amXw Hgn™ncn-°p-sa∂pamWv

aninlm ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p≈ shfn-]m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ ChnsS ]h-N\w sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. InkvXym-\n-Iƒt°m

apkvenw-Iƒt°m PqX-∑m¿t°m F∂√ at‰-sX-¶nepw kaq-

l-Ønt\m CXn¬ \n∂v Hgn™p\nev°m\mhn-√. F∂m¬,

\Ω-psS "Pam-AØv' amXw F¥m-bmepw CXn\v ]pd-Øm-Wv.

ImcWw, Cu Pam-A-Øns‚ _oPm-hm]w \S-∂n- p-am-Xta

D≈q. Hcp \_n-bpsS ]h-N\w Hcn-°epw If-hm-bn-t]m-IpI-

bn-√. `qan-bn-ep≈ kIe P\-ßfpw amd-Ø-Sn®v hne-]n°p

sa∂p ]h-Nn-®n-cns° CXn¬\n∂v GXv hn`m-K-Øn\v Hgn

™p\nev°m≥ Ignbpw? aninlm Cu ]h-N-\-Øn¬ Btc

bpw Hgn-®p\ndpØn-bn- n-√. F∂m¬, Hcp P\w F∂p ]d-b-

s∏-Sm≥ amXw ]mI-Øn-se-Øn-bn- n-√mØ \ΩpsS Pam-AØv


\n›-b-ambpw CXn¬\n∂v n∂-am-Wv. Cu ]h-N\w C°me

Øv hfsc hy‡-amb Xc-Øn¬ ]pe¿∂p Ign-™n-cn-°p∂p.

ako-lns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ B kXyw F√m

P\-hn- m-K-ßfpw hne-]n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. AXp-hgn F√m-h-cp-sSbpw sX‰v shfn-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

tb-ipsh ssZh-am-°m-\p≈ InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS sIm≠p-]n-

Sn® ia-ß-sf√mw AtXmsS Hc-e-ap-d-bmbn amdn. akolv

BIm-iØv Poh-t\msS Db¿Ø-s∏´psh∂v cm∏-I-¬ ]I-Sn-

∏n®pt]m∂-h-cpsS A -lm-k-ßƒ Zo\-tcm-Z-\-ß-fmbn Iem-

in-®p. blq-Zn-Isf kw_-‘n®v ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿°v

F√mw \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv.

ta¬ ]h-N-\hmIy-Øn¬ "`qan' F∂v ]d-™n- p-≈-Xp-

sIm≠v hnh£nXw aq∂p kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´

"imw' (]-e-kvXo≥- -kn-dnb) tZi-am-Wv. PqZ-∑msc kw_-‘n-

®n-S-tØmfw Ah-cpsS D¤-h-tI-µhpw Bcm-[-\m-tI-µ-hp-

am-W-Xv. tbip AhnsS P\n-°p-Ibpw BZysØ ssIkvXh

kaqlw AhnsS DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\m¬ InkvXym-

\n-I-fp-ambpw AhnSw _‘s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. A¥y-Im-ew-hsc

Cu tZi-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬

apkvenw-Ifpw Cu tZi-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. C\n

"`qan' F∂-Xn¬ kIe cmPy-ßtfbpw Dƒs∏-SpØp∂psh

¶n¬°q-Snbpw Ipg-∏-sam-∂p-an-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, kXyw ]Xy-

£-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ F√m \ntj-[n-Ifpw Hcp-t]mse A]am-\n-

Xcpw e÷n-X-cp-am-bn-Øo-cpw.

I√-d-I-fnse hnip-≤-∑m¿

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ as‰mcp sXfnhv Xmsg Im

Wp∂ ]kvXm-h-\-b-S-ßnb "aØm-bn'-bnse hN-\-amWv: ""I√-

d-Iƒ Xpd-∂p. \nZ ]m]n® hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS ico-c-ßƒ ]e

Xpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p. Ahs‚ (tb-ip-hn-s‚) ]p\-cp-∞m-\-

Øns‚ tijw I√-d-Isf hn´p, hnip≤ \K-c-Øn¬ sN∂p


]e¿°pw ]Xy-£-ambn '' (a-Øm-bn, 27:53). tbip-hns‚

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]n-\p-tijw hnip-≤-∑m¿ I√-d-I-fn¬\n∂p

]pdØph∂psh∂ kphn-ti-j-IY NcnX hkvXp-X-bs√

∂-Xn¬ t\cnb kwibw t]mep-an-√. Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Cu

temI-Øp-h®pXs∂ "Jnbm-aØv' (A-¥y-Zn-\w) ]Xy-£-am

bnØocp-∂-Xm-Wv. kXy-k-‘-Xbpw kXy-hn-izm-khpw ]co-£n-

®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\p Cu temIØp\n∂v ad®phbv°-s∏´ B Imcyw

F√m-h-cp-tSbpw apºn¬ Xpd-°-s∏-SpIbpw kXyhnizmkw kXy-

hn-izm-k-a-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm kXy-

hn-izm-kn-bp-sSbpw Ahn-izm-kn-bp-sSbpw ZrjvSn-bn¬ hcp-hm-\p

≈ B temIw Nµt\m kqcyt\m Zn\-cm-X-ßtfm t]mse

]Xy-£-h-kvXp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ

kXy-hn-izmkw ]Xn- -e-Øn-∂¿l-amb hne-s∏´ H∂mbn

]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ km≤y-a-√msX hcpw.

Ckmt-b¬ k¥-Xn-I-fn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´ e£-°-W-°mb

\_n-amcpw hnip-≤m-flm-°fpw Ipcn-ip-kw-`-h-th-f-bn¬

]p\¿÷o-hn®p hcn-Ibpw Poh-t\mSpIqSn \K-c-Øn¬ ]Xy-

£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, aninlm-bpsS kXy-Xbpw

ssZh-Xzhpw ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ Znhy-¤p-X-sa-t∂mWw bYm¿

∞-Øn¬ C]-Imcw shfn-s∏- -Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, \qdm-bncw

]hm-N-I∑mcpw e£-°-W-°n¬ hnip-≤-∑mcpw Hcp ho¿∏n-

S-bn¬ ]p\¿÷o-hn®v h∂n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Dbn¿sØ-

gp-t∂‰ \_n-am-tcmSpw a‰p hnip-≤-∑m-tcmSpw acn®p t]mbn-

cp∂ Xß-fpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-tcmSpw aninlmsb∏‰n, ssZh-am-

sW∂p hmZn-°p∂ Cu a\p-jy≥ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhw

Xs∂-bmtWm AtXm I≈-hm-Zntbm F∂p tNmZn-®-dn-bm≥

blq-Z-∑m¿°v \s√m-c-h-kcw e`n-®n-cn°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Ah-

kcw Ah¿ ]mgm-°n-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw Cu a\p-jy≥ Fß-

s\-bp≈ Bfm-sW∂v Ah¿ At\z-jn-®n-cn-°p-sa∂pw I-cp-

Xmt\ \nh¿Øn-bp-≈q. blq-Z-cm-I-s´, acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿ Pohn


®phcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AsXm-s°bpw tNm-Zn-®-dn-bm≥ D’p-

I-cm-bn-cp-∂p-Xm-\pw! e£-°-W-°n¬ arX-∑m¿ ]p\¿÷o-hn

®p \K-c-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏- n-cns° Hmtcm ]tZ-iØpw Bbn-

c-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ C]-Imcw Pohn®p hcn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-

∂n-cns° AØcw Hc-h-kcw blq-Z¿°v ]mgm-°m≥ Ign-bp-

am-bn-cp-∂-sX-ßs\? Ht∂m ct≠m t]tcm-sS-∂-√, Bbn-c-

°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-tfm-Sp-Xs∂ Ah¿ tNmZn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

Ch¿ X-ß-fpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ ]th-in® Ah-k-c-Øn¬, e£-

°-W-°mb Bfp-Iƒ C]-Imcw tem-IØv ho ≠pw Pohn-®p-

h∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ hoSp-ho-Sm-¥cw _lfw kr„n-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw Hmtcm ho´nepw CtX Xc-Øn-ep≈ tNmtZym-Ø-c-

ßfpw kw -h-hn-h-c-W-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw \S-∂p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbv-Xn´p-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. "tbip-an-inlm

F∂p ]d-bp∂ Cu a\p-jy≥ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhw Xs∂-

sb∂p \nßƒ°-dn-bmtam, Aßs\ hniz-kn-°p-∂pthm'

Fs∂ms° Ah¿ tNmZn-®n-cn-°pw. F∂m¬, blq-Z¿ aninlm-

bn¬ A]-Imcw ]n∂oSp hniz-kn-®n- n-√m-Ø-Xn-\mepw Ah-

cp-sS lrZ-b-ßƒ arZpeß-fm-bn-Øo¿∂n- n-√-mØ-Xn-\mepw acn-

s®Wo‰ph∂ B hnip-≤m-flm-°ƒ A\p-Iq-eamb km£y-

-a√ \evIn-b-sX∂pw adn®p Xm≥ ssZh-am-sW∂p hmZn®

Cu a\pjy≥ apcØ Iff\msW∂pw ssZhØns‚ta¬

I‰p-sI- n-∏-dbp-I-bm-sW∂pw Ah¿ adp-]Sn \evIp-I-bp-≠m-

sb∂pw Icp-tX-≠n-bn-cp∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-

°Ww, B e£-°-W-°n\mfp-Ifpw ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw Znhy-

Zq-X-∑mcpwIqSn Pohn®p h∂-ti-jhpw blq-Z¿ Xß-fpsS Ip

’nX ]h¿-Øn-bn¬\n∂p ]n¥n-cn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI-

bp-≠m-b-Xv. lZvdØv aninlmsb sIm∂ tijw Ah¿ a‰p-

≈-h-scbpw IqSn sIm√m≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. B

]pWy- q-an-bn¬ A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp∂ BZ-m

ans‚ Imew-sXm´p tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-Is‚ Imewhsc-bp

≈ e£-°-W-°mb ]pWym-hm-f-∑m-sc√mw I√-d-I-fn¬\n∂p


FWo‰p h∂p \K-c-Øn-tebv°p \oßp-Ibpw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw

P\-ß-fpsS apºn¬ tbip-a-ninlm bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-

]p-X-\m-sW∂pw A√, ssZhw Xs∂bmsW∂pw Ah-s\-

Øs∂ Bcm-[n®p XpS-ß-W-sa∂pw ap≥hn-izm-k-[m-c-W-I-

sf√mw Isøm-gn-b-W-sa∂pw A√m-Ø-]£w Xßƒ t\cn´p

I≠-dn™ B \c-I-Øn\p A¿l-cm-tI≠nhcp-sa-∂p-sa√mw

km£yw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn´pw Cu G‰hpw D∂-X°n-S-bn-

ep≈ km£o-I-c-W-Øn\pw kXy-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\pw tijhpw

blq-Z¿ Xß-fpsS \ntj-[-Øn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-™n- n-s√∂p

Fß-s\-bmWv Icp-XpI? Fs‚ a\- m£n CXp kΩ-Xn-

°p-t∂-bn-√. AXpsIm≠v bYm¿∞Øn¬ e£-°-W-°mb

hnip-≤-∑mcpw acn-®p-t]mb ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw ssZh-Zq-X-∑mcpw

a‰pw ]p\¿÷o-hn®p km£yw ]dbm≥ \K-c-Øn¬h∂n-cp-

∂p-sh-¶n¬, Ah¿ FXn¿ km£yw \evIn-b-Xmbn Icp-tX-

≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p, Hcn°epw lZvdØv ako-lns‚ ssZh-XzsØ

Ah¿ kXy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠mhn√. AXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww

B acn-s®-Wo‰ Bflm-°-fpsS km£o-I-cWw tI -dn-™n´pw

blq-Z¿ Xß-fpsS Ahn-izm-k-Øn¬ Xs∂ Dd®p\n∂-Xv.

aninlm Xs‚ ssZh-Xz-Øn¬ Ah-sc-s°m≠p hniz-kn-∏n-

°m≥ BK-ln-®p-sh-¶nepw Ah¿ B km£o-I-c-W-sØ-

Ø-s∂bpw X≈n-°-f™psh∂p thW-at√m Icp-Xm≥!!

CØcw hnizm-k-ßƒ ac-W-s∏´ e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-

tftbm aptº ac-W-s∏´ Hcm-sf-sb-¶n-eptam tbip ho≠pw

Pohn-∏n®psh∂ hnizmkwXs∂ hf-sc-tbsd tZml-I-chpw

tZmj- -e-ßƒ Df-hm-°p-∂-Xp-asX. F¥psIms≠∂m¬,

B acn®h¿ Pohn®Xn\ptijw Hcp k¬^hpap≠mbn√.

Zqc-tZ-i-ßƒ kµ¿in®p hf-sc-°m-esØ hn]-hm-k-Øn-\p-

tijw kz¥w \m´n¬ Xncn-s®-Øp∂ Hcmƒ Xs‚ A¤p-X-

I-c-amb A\p- -h-ßfpw Xm≥ kµ¿in® cmPy-ß-fnse B›-

cy-I-c-ß-fmb IY-Ifpw hnh-cn®p tIƒ∏n-°m≥ Hu’pIyw


ImWn-°pw. hf-sc-°m-esØ th¿]m-Sn-\p-tijw Bfp-Isf

I≠p-ap- p-tºmƒ Abmƒ aqI-\mbn Ign-bp-I-bn√; Hcn-°-ep-

an-√. AØcw Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿ Abm-fpsS ASp-

Øp-IqSn B cmPysØ Imcy-ß-sf√mw At\z-jn-®-dn-bm≥

_≤-s∏-Spw. ]mh-s∏- -h\pw kphn-\o-X\pw ImgvN-bn¬ Ffn-

b-h\pw F∂m¬, A∂m- nse cmPm-sh∂p hmZn-°p-∂-bm-

fpw˛ B cmPy-Ønse apJy-]´Ww Ch¿ Np‰n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv

amX-a-√, cmP-Xz-]-Z-hn-bn¬ a‰p ]e cmPm-°-∑m-sc-°m-sf√mw

Db¿∂-Xm-sW∂p Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂bmfpw kµ¿ -h-im¬

Ch-cpsS ASp-°¬ h∂m¬, Xß-fpsS \m´n¬ A°m-eØv

Aßs\ Np‰n-Øn-cn™ AØ-c-sam-cmƒ A∂m- nse cmPm-

hp-X-s∂tbm F∂pw Ah-tcmSp P\-ßƒ tNmZn-°m-Xn-cn-°n-

√. At∏mƒ B bmXn-I¿ AØcw tNm-Zy-ßƒ°v Xßƒ

I≠-dn-™-t]m-se-sb√mw adp-]Sn \evIp-Ibpw sNøpw. Aß-

s\-bn-cn-s°, acn-®-h-tcmSp tNmZn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp∂ tNmZy-

ßsf (Cu tNmZy-ßƒ kzm`m-hnIw amX-am-W-v) Bkv]-Z-

am-°nb sXfn-hp-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb ew Df-hm-°n-bn- p-

≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ amXsa Rm≥ t\csØ ]d-™-Xp-t]m-

se, tbip acn-®-hsc Pohn-∏n®psh∂-Xn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-

Xp-sIm≠p Fs¥-¶nepw Imcy-ap-≈q. F∂m¬, ChnsS Aß-

s\-sbm-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ ]d-s™m-∏n-®n- p-≈-Xp. acn-®-hsc

Pohn-∏n®psh∂p Icp-Xp-∂-Xm-bm¬Xs∂ B acn-®-h-cmcpw

kXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ t]c-I-amb Xc-Øn¬ At±l-

Øn\p A\p-Iq-e-amb sXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pw \evIn-bn-cp-∂n-

s√∂pw Icp-tX-≠n-h-cpw. Ipg∏w IqSp-X-em-°p-am-dp≈ sXfn-

hp-I-fm-W-h¿ \evIn-bXv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Isf Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂

ev∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p]Icw Iptd P¥p-°sf ho≠pw Pohn-∏n®p

F∂p ]Jym-]n-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ sIm≈m-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp ]e ]iv\-ßƒ°pw ]cn-lm-c-am-tb-s\. Bbncw Fcp-

Xp-Isf tbip ]p\¿÷o-hn-∏n®p sh∂mWv ]kvXm-hn-°-

s∏- n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXp Iptd-sbms° bp‡n-]q¿∆w BIp-


am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Dbn¿sØ-Wo‰ P¥p-°ƒ F¥p-sX-fn-hp-I-

fmWv \evIn-b-sX∂p tNmZn-°-s∏-s -¶n¬ Ah-sb√mw Imf-

I-fm-sW∂pw Ahbv°\p-Iq-etam ]Xn-Iq-etam Bb sXfn-

hp-I-sfm∂pw \evIm≥ Ign-bp-∂-X-s√∂pw ]d-s™m-gn-bm-am-

bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, tbip Pohn-∏n-®Xp a\p-jy-sc-bm-bn-t∏mbn;

e£-°-W-°n¬ a\p-jy-sc, acn-®p-t]mb ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-°-fn¬

]tØm Ccp-]tXm t]¿ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p Cu temI-tØ°v

Xncn-®p-h-cn-Ibpw C∂n-∂-a-X-ßƒ kXy-a-X-ß-fm-sW∂p Ah¿

km£yw \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ B aX-ß-fpsS kXy-X-sb-

∏‰n kwi-bn-°ptam F∂p GXm\pw lnµp-°-tfmSp tNmZn-®m¬

Ah¿ \ntj-[-cq-]-Øn¬ adp-]Sn \evIp-I-bn-s√∂p ImWmw.

Cu Xc-Øn-se√mw hkvXp-X-Iƒ hy‡-am-bn-°-gn™ tij

hpw Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw \ntj-[-Ønepw H´n-\nev°p∂ Hcmfpw

Cu temIØp≠m-I-bn-s√∂p Dd-∏n ®psIm≈pI.

I„w! CØcw IY-Iƒ ]S-®p-≠m-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬

\ΩpsS cmPysØ kn°vJm¬k Cu InkvXym-\n-I-sf-°mƒ

FX _p≤n-im-en-Iƒ. sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ \n¿an-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿

IqSp-X¬ kma¿∞yw ImWn-®n- p-≠v. Kpcp-_m-_m-\m-\°v Hcn-

°¬ Hcp NØ B\sb Pohn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Ah¿ ]d-bp-

∂p. apI-fn¬ ]d™ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp Bt£]w ]pd-s∏-

Sp-hn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°mØ Hcp A¤pXIrXy-am-Wn-Xv. _m

_m-\m-\m-°ns\ kXy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm I≈-\m-°p-Itbm sN

øp-∂-Xn\p B\-s°¥m kwkm-cn-°m-\m-hptam F∂p kn°p-

Im¿°v tNmZn-°m-a-t√m. km[m-c-W-°m¿ Xß-fpsS sNdnb

_p≤n-bn¬ CØcw A¤p-X-Ir-Xy-ßƒ tI´p B\µw sIm

≈p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw _p≤n-am-∑m¿ a‰p kap-Zm-b-°m-cpsS B

t£-]-ßƒ°n-c-bm-Ip-∂Xp ImcWw Akz-ÿ-cm-bn-Øo-cp-

∂p. CØcw \nc¿∞I IY-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p∂ kZ- p-I-fn¬

Ah¿ kzbw e÷n-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F\nbv°p

anin-lm-tbmSp InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p≈t]mse-Xs∂ kvt\l-


_-lp-am-\hpw Bflm¿∞-amb hnizm-k-hn-Im-c-ß-fpap-≠v.

F∂-√, InkvXym-\n-I-sf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ At±-l-tØmSv

F\nbv°v _‘-ap-≠v. InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v Xßƒ ]Io¿Øn-

°p∂ Bsf Adn-bp-I-bn√. F∂m¬, ]Io¿Øn-°p∂ Bsf

F\n°p \√-t]mse Adn-bmw. Rm≥ At±lsØ I≠n-cn

°p∂p. AXn\m¬, Ipcnip kw -h-th-f-bn¬, ac-W-s∏´ F√m

]pWym-flm-°fpw \K-c-Øn¬ ho≠pw Dbn¿Øp-h∂psh∂

kphn-tij hnh-c-W-Øns‚ icn-bmb hkvXp-X-sb-¥m-sW

∂p Rm\n-t∏mƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

kz]v\-Øns‚ ]pe¿®

Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-Øn-\p-tijw Nne ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-°ƒ kz]v

\-cq-]-Øn¬ I≠n-cp∂ Z¿i-\w(-I-iv v) Bbn-cp∂p AsX∂p

hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hnip-≤-cmb Bfp-Iƒ

]p\¿÷o-hn®p ] -W-Øn¬ hcn-Ibpw P\-ß-fp-ambn A`n-

ap-J-Z¿i\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xmbn I≠m¬ kz]v\-

ßƒ°v ]pWy-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ \evI-s∏- Xc-Øn-ep≈ A¿∞w

]kvXpX Z¿i-\-Øn\p \evtI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B kz]v\-

Øns‚ A¿∞w aninlm Ipcn-in¬ acn-®n- n-s√∂pw Ipcn-ip-

a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂p At±-l-Øn\p tamN\w e`n®p sh∂p-a-

sX. Cu A¿∞w Fhn-sS-\n-∂p-In´nsb∂p tNmZn-®m¬,

kz]v\-hym-Jym-Xm-°-fmb alm-]-fin-X-∑m¿ A]-Im-c-amWv

Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw Ahsc√mw-Xs∂ Xß-fpsS A\p-

-h-ßƒ aptJ\ CXns\ km£o-I-cn-®n´p-s≠∂pamWv Fs‚

adp-]-Sn. ]pcm-X-\-Im-esØ Hcp kz]v\-hym-Jym-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂

XAv-Øo-dp¬ A\mw F∂ kz]v\-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-Øns‚

I¿Ømhv \evIn-bn- p≈ hnh-cWw A ¬ hmN-I-Øn¬ Rm-

\n-hnsS D≤-cn-°s´


""acn-®-h¿ J_v-dn¬\n∂v FWo-‰p-h-cn-Ibpw Xß-fpsS hoSp-

I-fn-te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xmbn Bsc-¶nepw

kz]v\w ImWp-Itbm Iiv v PmKZ¿i\ cq]-Øn¬ ImWp-

Itbm sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp XS-hp-Im-c≥ XS-hn¬ \n∂p

tamN\w ]m]n-°p-Ibpw AI-an-I-fpsS ssII-fn-¬\n∂p

Abmƒ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpsa∂m-W¿∞w.'' B XS-hp-

Im-c≥ kap-∂-X\pw henb alm\pw Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv hnh-

c-W-co-Xn-sIm≠v a\- n-em-hp-∂-Xv. Cu hymJym\w FX bp‡n-

bp-‡-ambpw kXy-am-bp-amWv ako-ln¬ ]pe¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂p

t\m°p-I. CtX bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v kqN\ \evIn-s°m-≠m

Wv ac-W-a-S™ kZr-Ø-∑m¿ I√-d-I-fn¬\n∂p FWo‰p \K-

c-Øn¬ ]th-in-®-Xmbn Nne¿ Z¿in-®-sX-∂pw, lZvdØv ako-

lv(-A) Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p c£n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂psh

∂ kXyw Adn-hp-≈-h¿ a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≈p-∂-Xn-\p-th-

≠n-bmWv Cu Z¿i\w ImWn-°-s∏- -sX∂pw hy‡-am-Wv.

tbip Ipcn-in¬ acn-®n- n-s√∂p kphn-ti-j-ß-fnse th

sdbpw [mcmfw ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ hy‡-ambn sXfn-bn-®p-Im-

´p-∂p-≠v. tbip Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂p c£n-°-s∏- -tijw

as‰mcp cmPy-tØ°v amdn-∏m¿Øp. F∂m¬, CX-tØmfw

]Xn-]m-Zn® kwK-Xn-IƒXs∂ \njv]£ Nn¥-I¿°v aXn-

bmb sXfn-hp-I-fm-sW∂p F\n°p tXm∂p-∂p.

tbip Ipcn-in¬h®p acn®psh∂pw ]n∂oSv Dbn¿sØ-

gp-t∂-‰-tXmsS BIm-im-tcm-lWw sNbvXp-sh∂pw kphn-ti-

j-ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®p ]d-bp-∂p-≠t√m F∂p

Nne-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Hcp kwibw \ne-\nev°p-∂p-≠m-

hmw. Cu kwi-b-Øn\v Rm≥ apI-fn¬ kw£n-]vX-ambn adp-

]Sn \evIn-°-gn-™n- p-≠v. Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-Øn-\p-tijw tbip

injy-∑msc I≠p-ap- n-bXpw Keo-e-bn-te°v bmX \S-Øn-b

Xpw A∏hpw amwkhpw £n-®Xpw Xs‚ ico-c-Ønse hW-

ßƒ injy¿°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXpw FΩm-hp- n¬ injy-

tcm-sSm∏w Hcp cmXn Ign-®p-Iq- n-bXpw ]nem-tØm-kns‚ A[n-


Im-cm-Xn¿Øn-bn¬\n∂p Hfn-t®m-Sn-t∏m-bXpw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS

Ncy-s°m-Øv Ahn-sS-\n∂v amdn-∏m¿ØXpw bm-Im-¥-\mb

\ne-bn¬ k©-cn-®Xpsa√mw-Xs∂ At±lw Ipcn-in¬ acn-

®n- n-s√∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ icocw At∏mgpw ar◊bw Xs∂-

bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw At±-l-Øn¬ Hcp uXn-I-am-‰hpw kw -

hn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂pw hy‡-ambn sXfn-bn®pIm´p-∂p-≠v.

BIm-im-tcm-lWw anYy

tbip BIm-i-Øn-te°v Db¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv Bsc-¶nepw

I≠-Xmbn kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏- n- n√8. AXn-

te°v sXfn-hp-I-fp-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ AXp hniz-k-\o-b-am-bn-

cp-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, a¨I- sb ama-e-bm-°n-am-‰p∂ AXn-

h¿Æ\ kphn-ti-j-I¿Øm-°-fpsS coXn-bm-Wp. tbip ssZh-

]p-X-\m-sW∂p Bsc-¶nepw ]d™psh∂ph∂m¬, as‰m-

cmƒ At±-lsØ ssZhw Xs∂-bm°n am‰m≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂p.

aq∂m-a-sØ-bmƒ kIe ]]-©-ßƒ°p-taepw k¿∆m-[n-Im

cw Btcm-]n®p XpS-ßp-∂p. \mem-a-sØ-bm-fm-I-s´, Ah≥

Xs∂-bmWv F√m-sa∂pw Ahs\°qSmsX as‰mcp ssZh-an-

s√∂pw X´n-hn-Sp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, AXn-h¿Æ-\-Iƒ Ahsc

Ftßm-sIm-s≠-Øn-°p-∂p. acn-®-h¿ I√-d-I-fn-¬\n∂v ]pd-

Øp-h∂p \K-c-Øn-te°v ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn°≠ Hcp Z¿i-

\-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n-°pI. B kz]v\-Øn\v ]Xy-£m¿∞w

\evIp-Ibpw arX-i-co-c-ßƒ I√-d-I-fn¬\n∂p ]Xy-£-Øn¬

Øs∂ ]p\¿÷o-hn®p ]pd-Øp-h-∂-Xmbpw bcq-itew \K-

c-Øn-te°v \S-∂p-h-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿ P\-ßsf I≠-Xmbpw

hymJym-\n®p XpS-ßp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. t\m°-Ww, Hcp

Xqh¬ ChnsS Im°-bmbn amdn-b-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v. AXpw

Hcp Im°-b-√, At\-I-e£w Im°-Iƒ. kwK-Xn-Iƒ C]-

Imcw h¿Æn®p ]d-bm≥ XpS-ßn-bm¬ kXyw Is≠-Øm≥

8. tbip BIm-i-Øn-te°v Itc-dn-t∏m-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Xm≥ C°m-

cy-Øn¬ km£n-bm-sW∂pw BcpwXs∂ ]d-bp-∂n-s√∂p Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv.


\ΩpsS apºn¬ am¿§-sam-∂p-an-√. ssZhnI KŸßsf∂p

]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu kphn-ti-j-ßƒ \nc¿∞-I-amb Ah-Imi

hmZ-ß-fmWv D∂-bn-°p-∂-sX∂pw ChnsS Nn¥y-am-Wv. tbip

sNbvXn- p≈ Imcy-ßƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn Fgp-Xn-bm¬ Fgp-Xnb

]pkvX-I-ßƒ temI-Øn¬X-s∂bpw HXp-ßp-I-bn-√sX!

CØcw Abp-‡n-Iƒ hniz-kvX-Xbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw B

tWm shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv? tbip-hns‚ ]h¿Øn-Iƒ A]-

Imcw A‰-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW-¶n¬, AXv Fgp-Xn-sh-°m≥ Ign-

bm-ØX A[n-I-am-sW-¶n¬, AXv aq∂p-sIm-√-tØ°p amXw

]cn-an-X-am-bn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-sa¥v? ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂v

sX‰mb D≤-c-W-nIƒ tN¿Øn- p-s≠-∂-XmWv kphn-ti-j-

ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-f-ap≈ as‰mcp \yq\-X. tbip-hns‚

hwi-]m-c-º-cyw-t]mepw icn-bm-bn- √ hnh-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv. kphn-

tijw Fgp-Xn-b-h¿ Imcy-K-lWw Ipd-™-h-cm-sW-∂mWv

a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ tbip-hns\ I≠-t∏mƒ

t]X-am-sW∂v sX‰p[-cn-®nt√? aqe-tc-J-bpsS ]cn-ip≤n \ne-

\ndpØm≥ Ign-™n- n-s√∂ Bt£]Øn\v BZy-Imew

apX¬°p-Xs∂ kphn-ti-j-ßƒ hnt[-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p9. kp

hn-ti-j-ßƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ thsdbpw KŸ-ß-fp-≈-t∏mƒ

B kphn-tij ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse ]kvXm-h-\-I-sf√mw X≈n-

°-f-bm≥ \ymb-amb F¥p Imc-W-am-Wp-≈-Xv? kphn-ti-j-

ßsf∂p s]mXpsh Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse

]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ kXy-ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xv F¥v?

\mev kphn-ti-j-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-

ß-fmb AXn-h¿Æ-\-Iƒ a‰p kphn-ti-j-]p-kvX-I-ß-fnep

s≠∂v B¿°pw Dd-∏n®p]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. tbip hfsc

kmØzn-I-\mb Hcm-fm-sW∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ kz`mhw If-

¶-a-‰-Xm-sW∂pw Hcp- m-KØv ]d-bp-tºmƒ as‰mcp `mKØv

kmØzn-I-\mb Hcm-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Imcy-ßƒ

kphn-ti-j-ßƒØs∂ B ]pWym-flm-hn¬ Btcm-]n-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. Xudm-Øns‚ ]mT-a-\p-k-cn®v Ckm-tben ]hm-N-I-


∑m-cn¬ Nne ¿°v Htc Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \qdp-I-W-°n\v mcy-

am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p; AXp-hgn kmØzn-I-cpsS Xe-ap-dsb s]cp-

∏n-°m≥ th≠n-Xs∂. F∂m¬, GsX-¶nepw Hcp ]hm-N-

I≥ Aip-≤bpw hy`n-Nm-cn-Wn-bp-amb Hcp kvXosb, \K-c-

Ønse FÆ-s∏´ Hcp ]mwkp-e-sb, Xs‚ tZlw Ah-fpsS

ssIsIm≠v kv]¿in-°m\pw Xs‚ Xe-bn¬ Ah-fpsS Akm-

∑m¿KnI] h¿Øn-I-fpsS Iem-kn≤n Ft∂mWw FÆ-]p-

c- m-\pw, Ah-fpsS NnIp-c- m-c-Øm¬ Imep-Iƒ XpS-bv°m\pw

A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-amb Hcp

amXrI aptºm´p h®-Xmbn \nßƒ tIń-cn-°n-√. C]-Im-c-

9. kz¿Km-tcm-l-W-sØ-∏‰n am¿t°mkpw eqt°mkpw amXta ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≈q. aØm-bnbpw tbml-∂m\pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ au\-a-h-ew-_n-°p-I-bmWvsNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. am¿t°m-kn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. "Ah-tcmSp kwkm-cn®p Ign-™-tijw I¿Øm-hmb tbip kz¿K-Øn-tebv°v FSp-°-s∏- p. ssZh-Øns‚ he-Xp- m-KØv Ccp∂p' (am¿t°mkv 16:19). eqt°mkv ]d-bp-∂Xp Cß-s\-bmWv:"Ahsc Bin¿h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠n-cns° Ah≥ Ahsc hn´p-]n-cn™v kz¿K-Øn-te°p FSp-°-s∏- p' (eq-t°mkv 24:51).

eqt°m-kns‚ ta¬tN¿Ø hmN-I-sØ-∏‰n tPmk^v ]pen-°p-t∂-ens‚G‰hpw ]pXnb ss__nƒ]-cn- m-j-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv, kz¿K-Øn-tebv°v FSp-°-s∏´psh∂p Nne Isø-gp-Øp-]-Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂n√ F∂-sX. ]pcm-X-\-I-sø-gpØp ]Xn-I-fnen√mØ Cu hmNIw eqt°m-kn¬ ]n∂oSv Fßs\IS-∂p-IqSn? am¿t°m-knse ]cm-arjvS hmN-IsØ kw_-‘n-®m-sW-¶n¬ AXpX¿°-hn-t[-b-amb HSp-hn-esØ ]¥≠p hN-\-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-´-Xm-sW∂pHm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ah an°-hmdpw c≠mw \q-‰m-≠ns‚ Xe-bv°¬ \jvS-s∏- p-t]m-btXm Ip‰-ap-≈-Xmbn Icp-X-s∏- tXm Bb HSp-hn-esØ hmN-I-ßƒ°v]I-c-ambn ]n∂oSp aqe-Ir-Xn-tbmSv Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-XmsW∂pw F≥sskt¢m-]o-Unb _n´m-\n-°-bn¬ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. (Ency. Britt. Ed. II Vol 17 p.730).InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ hnizmk kn≤m-¥-ß-fnsem∂mb tbip-hns‚ ""kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-''sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ kphn-tij ]am-W-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ aØm-bnbpw tbml-∂m\pw au\-a-h-ew-_n-°p-tºmƒ a¿t°m-kn-sebpw eqt°m-kn-sebpw ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ Iqń-t®¿Øh AYhm ]£n-]vX-ß-fm-sW∂v hy‡-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂n-cns° InkvXob hnizm-k-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ FX Zp¿∫-e-ß-fm-sW∂v\ap°v a\- n-em-°mw. PqX∑mcpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ssZh-h-N-\-ß-fn¬ Itø‰w\S-Øn-sb-∂p≈ Jp¿-Bs‚ ]kvXm-h\ kXy-am-sW∂v sXfn-™n-cn-°-bm-Wv. HØp-t\m-°m-\m-sW-¶n¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS aqe-cq]w Cu temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw ÿnXn sNøp-∂n-√-Xm-\pw. CXn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ h≈n-]p≈n hyXymkwhcmsX Znhy-hm-KvZ-Ø-]-Imcw kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Htc Hcp Znhy-K-Ÿ-ambn Jp¿-B≥ C∂pw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. hn-h:


sa√mw sNøp-hm≥ Nmcn-X-iq-\y-bmb Hcp s]Æns\ A\p-

h-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ah-tfmSv AcpXv F∂v ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. CØcw Imcy-ßƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Db¿Øp∂

kwi-b-ß-fm¬ hgn-sX‰n t]mIp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v tbip-hns‚

\∑-bn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬am-Xta B¿°pw c£-s∏-Sm≥

Ign-s™-∂p-h-cq. GXm-bm-epw, CXv a‰m¿°pw A\p-h-Zn-®p-

Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-Wv. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ aqe-cq-]-Øn¬ kwc-£n-®p-

t]m-cm≥ Ign-™n- n-s√t∂m AY-hm, Ah-bpsS I¿Øm-°ƒ

tbip-hns‚ injy-cn¬s∏-SmØ a‰m-sc-√mtam BsWt∂m

hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp∂ ]eXpw Ah-bn¬ ImWmhp∂Xm-Wv.

""Cu IY C∂p-hsc blq-Z-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]cs° \S-∏m-

°n-bn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂p≈ "aØmbn'bnse ]kvXm-h\ Hcp-

Zm-l-c-W-a-sX. aØm-bn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmtWm

Cu hmNIw? aØmbnkphn-ti-j-sa-gp-Xnb Bƒ hnip≤

aØmbn acn®p FXtbm \mƒ Ign™v Pohn® Btcm Bbn-

cp-∂p-sh∂p CXv sXfn-bn®pXcp-∂nt√? CtX aØmbnkphn-

tijwXs∂ ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah¿ H∂n-®p-IqSn aq∏-∑m-cp-ambn

Btem-N\ Ign-®n v ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ°v th≠p-thmfw ]Ww

sImSp-Øp. Ahs‚ injy-∑m¿ cmXn-bn¬ h∂v Rßƒ Dd-

ßp-tºmƒ Ahs\ I´p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn F∂p ]d-hn≥''. Cu

]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ FX-amXw hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-ØXpw

bp‡n-c-ln-Xhpw BsW∂p t\m°p-I. acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Db

¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ tbip-sh Hfn-∏n-°m≥ blq-Z¿ ian®psh∂pw

Cu G‰hpw henb Znhym-¤pXw P\-ß-sf√mw Adn-™p-

t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn Ah¿ ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ°v ssI°qen sImSp-

Øn- p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂p-amWv C∏-d-™-Xns‚ A¿∞-sa-¶n¬

Cu Znhym-¤pXw blq-Z-cn¬ tLmjn-°m≥ I¿Ø-hy-_-≤-

\m-bn-cp∂ tbip AsXmcp cl-ky-am-°n-h-®-sX-t¥? AXp-

a-√, AXp ]pdØp ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v At±lw a‰p-≈-hsc

hne-°p-I-t]mepw sNbvX-t√m? ho≠pw ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p

t]Sn-®mWv Cßs\ sNbvX-sX∂v ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±-


l-Øns‚ta¬ ssZh-hn[n Cd-ßp-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v ac-

W-Øn\ptijw ssNX-\yam-X-amb kq£vaico-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cns° PqX

∑msc°pdn®v At±lw b-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂mWv

F\n°v tNmZn-°p-hm-\p-≈-Xv. \n›-b-ambpw At∏mƒ PqX-

∑m¿°v At±-l-Øns‚ta¬ Hcp i‡n bpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

At±lw At∏mƒ uXn-I-Øn¬\n∂v XnI®pw AXo-X-\m-

bn-cp-∂-t√m? Hcp mK-Øv At±lw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev°p-Ibpw

kq£vaicocw ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂pw injy-

∑msc I≠p-ap- p-Ibpw Keo-ebv°v Kan-°p-Ibpw Ahn-sS-\n∂v

kz¿§-tØbv°v Itcdnt∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂pw At±lw

\n mc Imcy-ßƒ°p-t]mepw PqX-∑msc t]Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-Ibpw al-Øz-]q¿W-amb tZl-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-

∂n´pw PqX-∑m-cm¬ I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥th≠n

\m´n¬\n∂v Hfn-t®m-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂pw ]kvXm-hn-®p-

Im-Wp-tºmƒ ZpxJn-°mt\ \nh¿Øn-bp-≈q. kzc-£m¿∞w

At±lw Fgp-]Xv \mgn-I-b-Ise Keo-e-bn-temfw bmX sNøp-

Ibpw C°mcyw BtcmSpw ]d-b-cp-sX∂p \n¿t±iw \evIp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssNX-\y-am-X-amb ]pXp-i-co-c-Øns‚ e£-

Whpw kz`m-hhpw BtWm CXv? \n›-b-ambpw AXv ssNX-

\y-am-X-am-bn-cp∂ s]mXp-i-co-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ac-W-Øn¬\n∂p

c£-s∏´ hW-∏m-Sp-I-fp≈ AtX a¿ØricocwXs∂. PqX-

∑m-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ bw At∏mgpw At±-l-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-

®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ F√m ]Xn-tcm[ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw kzoI-

cn-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ At±lw \mSp-hn- p. CXn-s\-Xn-cm-bn- p≈

F√m ]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw A_-≤-ß-fm-Wv. ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ Dd-

ßn-°n-S-°p-tºmƒ tbip-hns‚ injy-∑m¿ At±-l-Øns‚

icocw I´p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn F∂v Ah-sc-s°m≠p ]d-bn-°p-

∂-Xn\v Ah¿°v ssI°qen sImSpØpsh∂ ]kvXm-h-\bpw

A]-ImcwXs∂. ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ Dd-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

tbip-hns‚ arX-tZlw I´psIm-≠p-t]m-b-Xmbn Dd-°-Øn¬


a\- n-em-°n-b-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-°m-am-bn-cp∂p!

tbip I√-d-bn¬ Cs√∂ Hscm‰ Imc-W-Øm¬ At±lw

kz¿§-Øn-te°v Itc-dn-t∏m-sb∂v hniz-kn-°m-\mhp-∂-sX-ß

s\? I√d Hgn-™n-cn-°m≥ a‰p Imc-W-ß-fp-≠m-bn-°qtS?

kz¿§-tØ°v Itc-dn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ GXm-\pw Bbncw

PqX-∑m-scbpw ]nem-tØm-kn-t\bpw At±lw ImtW-≠-Xm-

bn-cp-∂nt√. ssNX-\y-am-X-amb icocw kzoI-cn® tbip-hn\v

Bsc-bmWv t]Sn-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. FXn-cm-fn-Isf°≠v

Xs‚ kXy-Øn-te-°p≈ sNdn-sbmcp sXfn-sh-¶nepw \ev

Im≥ At±lw sa\-s°- n-√. adn-®v, At±lw b-]-c-h-i-\mbn

Keo-e-bn-te°v HmSn-t∏m-hpI-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXp-sIm

≠pXs∂ I√-d-hn´p F∂Xv icn-X-s∂-sb-¶nepw˛ ]th-i-\

Zzm-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-p≈ h-\-Xp-ey-amb sI´n-S-amWv Cu I√-

d˛ At±lw cl-ky-Øn¬ injy-∑msc I≠p-ap- n-b-Xv icn-X-

s∂-sb-¶nepw At±-l-Øn\v ssNX-\y-am¿∂ Hcp ]pXnb

icocw \evI-s∏´psh∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcn-°epw icn-bs√∂v

Rßƒ Jfin-X-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ icocw

tbip-hns‚ AtX icocw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AtX hW-

ßfpwXs∂. i]n-°-s∏´ PqX-P\w ho≠pwXs∂ ]nSn-Iq-Sp-

sa∂ AtX `bhpw At±-l-Øn¬ IqSn-s°m≠ncp∂p. a

Ømbn 28- mw A≤ymbw Ggp apX¬ ]Øphsc hmIy-ßƒ

i≤m-]q¿∆w hmbn-°p-I. tbip Poh-t\msS Ds≠∂pw Keo-

ebv°v t]mI-bm-sW∂pw Btcm ]d-™-dn™ kvXoIƒ

C°mcyw injy∑msc Adn-bn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°-s∏- -

t∏mƒ D≈n¬ \n w-ibw Bizmkw sIm≈p-Ibpw BÀm-

Zn-°p-Ibpw D≠m-sb-¶nepw bm-Im-¥-cm-bn-cp-∂p. D]-Z-h-Im-

cn-bmb GsX-¶nepw Hcp PqX≥ tbipsh ho≠pw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-

sa∂ b-amWv Ahsc Ae- n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu kvXoIƒ

hnhcw injy-∑msc Adn-bn-°m-\m-bn -[r-Xn-bn¬ \S∂pt]mIp-

tºmƒ tbip Ahsc I≠v hµn®psh∂v HºXmw hmIy-

Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. "t]Sn-t°≠' F∂v tbip kvXoI-tfmSv


]d-™-Xmbn ]Ømw hmIy-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p. F∂p-h-®m¬,

PqX-∑m¿ Xs∂ ho≠pw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-sa∂v H´pw t]Sn-t°≠

F∂p-X-s∂. Keo-ebv°v hc-W-sa∂pw10 Ahn-sS-h®v XΩn¬

ImWm-sa∂pw F√m ktlm-Z-c-∑m-scbpw Adn-bn-°-W-sa∂pw

tbip \n¿t±-in-®p. PqX-∑m-sc-°pdn®p≈ `bw \nanØw

X\n°v AhnsS Iptd-t\cw Xßm≥ Xc-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂pw

Ah-tcmSv ]d-™p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, tbip acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev°p-Ibpw ssNX-\y-ab-amb ]pXnsbmcp

icocw kzoI-cn-°p-IbpamWv sNbvXn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ AØcw

Hcp ]pXp-Po-h≥ X\n°v e`n-®-Xmbn PqX∑m¿°v ImWn-®p-

sIm-Sp-°m≥ At±lw _m≤y-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p. CXt±lw sNbv

Xn- n-s√∂v \ap-°-dn-bm-sa-∂n-cns° tbip Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p

F∂-Xn-te-°p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ifhm-°m≥ PqX-∑m¿ ian-®-

Xm-bp≈ Btcm-]Ww \nc¿∞--am-Ip-∂p. Xm≥ Dbn¿sØ-gp-

t∂‰-Xn-te-°p≈ sNdn-sbmcp sXfn-hp-t]mepw tbip Xs∂

bpw \evIn-bn- n-√. adn®v cl-ky-amb Hfn-t®m- -Øn-eq-sSbpw

Blmcw Ign®pw Dd-ßnbpw ssII-fnse BWn-∏-gp-Xp-Iƒ

F√m-h¿°pw ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØpw Xm≥ Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-

®n- n-s√∂v F√m-h-scbpw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ tbip ian-

°p-Ibpw A]-Imcw sXfn-bn®p Im´p-I-bp-amWv D≠m-b-Xv.

10. ssNX-\y-a-b-amb ]pXnb icocw Xm≥ B¿÷n-®n-cn-°-bm-sW∂pw C\n-bm¿°pw Xs‚-ta¬ Iøn-Sm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂pw ]d-™√ tbip ChnsS kvXoIsfkao-]n-®-Xv. kvXoI-fpsS Nm]-ey-ßƒ I≠-dn™p km[m-cW ]pcp-j-∑m¿Ahsc km¥z-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn-bn¬At±lw Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-®p. ssNX-\y-a-b-amb ]pXnb icocw Ah¿°vImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-√. adn®v amwkhpw F√pw tXmep-ap≈ Xs‚ icocw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v AXv km[m-cW\ne-bn-ep≈ a¿Øyicocw Xs∂-sb∂vAh¿°v Dd∏v hcp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.


A[ymbw 2

(lZvdØv akolv(A) c£s∏´Xns\ kw_‘n®v hnip≤Jp¿

B\n¬\n∂pw lZoYpIfn¬\n∂pw \ap°v In´nb sXfnhpIƒ)

Cukm-\_n

Ipcnipkw -h-Øn\p tijw

Jp¿-B\pw lZoYpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ F¥p-]-d-bp-∂pthm

AXp kzoI-cn-°m≥ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ _m≤y-ÿ-c-√m-Ø-Xn-

\m¬, Rm\n-t∏mƒ hnh-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ Imcy-ßƒ Ahsc

kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw \njv]-tbm-P\Ic-am-bn-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw

\ΩpsS Jp¿-B-s‚bpw Xncp-\-_n-bp-sSbpw Hcp Znhym-¤p-

XsØ∏‰n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Adn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-

bmWv Rm≥ CXn-s\-°p-dn®v ChnsS ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv; hnip-

≤\_nbpw ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B\pw \q‰n-°-W-°mb sIm√-

ßƒ°p-aptºXs∂ ]Jym-]n® kXy-amWv Ct∏mƒ I≠p-

]n-Sn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂sX∂v Ahsc [cn-∏n-°m≥th≠n amXw.

AXp-sIm≠v, Ah-bn¬ NneXv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn®psIm

≈mw. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

""ham JXeqlp ham kze-_qlp hem°n≥ ip∫n

lelqw... ham- J-X-eqlp bJo\m''

""Ah¿ (blq-Z-∑m¿) At±-lsØ (Cukm-\-_n-sb) h[n-

®n- n√; Ah¿ At±-lsØ Iqin®p sIm∂n- p-an-√. ]t£,

Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn-®-Xp-t]mse Ah¿°v ImW-s∏- p. At±lw

Ipcn-in-t∑¬ acn®psh∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp sXfnhpw

Ah-cpsS ]°en√ (4:158).

Cukm-\-_nsb Ipcn-in-t∑¬ ]Xy-£-Øn¬Øs∂

Xd®psh∂Xpw At±-lsØ sIm√p-hm≥ blq-Z-∑m¿ Xo¿®-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂Xpw kXy-am-sW-¶nepw At±


lw Ipcn-in¬h®v bYm¿∞-Øn¬ acn®psh∂v PqXcpw In

kvXym-\n-Ifpw tLmjn-°p∂Xv sX‰msW∂m-Wv Cu hm

Iy-ß-fn¬ ssZhw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v tbip-

hns\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-sam-cp-°p-I-bmWv ssZ

hw sNbvX-Xv. PqZ-∑m¿°pw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p-sa-Xnsc Jp¿-

B≥ ]d-™-sXt¥m AXv HSp-hn¬ kXy-ambn ]pe¿∂p

sh∂v \oXn-am-\mb GsXm-cmƒ°pw Ct∏mƒ kΩ-Xn®p ]d-

tb-≠n-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v tbip bYm

¿∞-Øn¬ c£-s∏´n´p≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂v hfsc Db¿∂\ne-

hm-c-Ønep≈ B[p-\nI Kth-j-W-ßƒhgn kpÿm-]n-X-

ambnØocp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ F√p-I-sfm

∂pw HSn-°-s∏- n- n-√m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-s°, At±lw Ht∂m ct≠m

aWn-°q-dn-\p-≈n¬ acn-®p-t]m-b-sX-ßs\? F∂ tNmZy-Øn

∂p PqX∑m¿°v Hcn-°epw DØcw ]d-bm≥ Ign-™n- n-s√-

∂mWv Ncn-X-tc-J-Iƒ a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv.

as‰mcp \ymbw ]S-®p-≠m-°m≥ Cu ÿnXn hn]-cybw

PqX∑m¿°p t]cW \evIn; tbip-hns\ Xßƒ hmƒ sIm

≠v sh´n-s°m-∂p-sh∂p! F∂m¬, tbip hmƒsIm≠p h[n-

°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂v ]m‡\ PqX-N-cnXw sXfn-bn-

°p-∂n-√. tbiphns\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥th≠n ssZhw Ahs‚

]Xm] i‡n-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ahn-sS-

sb√mw Ccp´p hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. At∏mƒØs∂ Hcp qIº

ap≠m-bn. ]nem-tØm-kns‚ mcy Hcp Znhykz]v\w Z¿in-®p.

i∫Øp cmXn ASp-°m-dm-bn-cp-∂p. i∫Øp\mfn¬ Ipcn-

in¬ Hcp icocw Xqßn-°n-S-°p-∂Xv Ah-e-£-W-am-bn- mWv

PqX¿ Icp-Xn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. t]Sn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kz]v\w Imc

Ww \ymbm-[n-]≥ tbip-hns\ hn -b-bv°m≥ _≤-s∏- n-cp-

∂p. tbip-hns\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥th≠n ssZhw C°m-cy-sa

√mw Hcp-an®p kw -hn-°p-am-dm-°n. acn-®p-t]m-sb∂p a‰p-≈-

h¿°v tXm∂p-amdv tbip Xm\pw At∏mƒ Ipcn-in-t∑¬ tam


lm-e-ky-s∏- p-t]m-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. qIºw XpS-ßnb b-

¶c ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒhgn PqX-cn¬ ocp-Xzhpw oXnbpw ssZh-

in£m bhpw DS-se-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. i∫Øp cmXn-

bn¬ arX-i-cocw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ Xqßn-°n-S-°p-am-dm-Iptam F∂

`oXnbpw blq-Zn-I-fn¬ A¶p-cn-®p. tbiphns\ aq¿—n-Xm-h-

ÿ-bn¬ I≠-t∏mƒ, At±lw acn-®-Xp-Xs∂sb∂p PqX¿

a\- n-em-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Fßpw A‘-Imcw hym]n-®n- p-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. `qN-e\w ImcWw k¿∆X ]cn-`m-¥nbpw ]c-∂n-

´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥w h-\-ß-fnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®pw

Ah-cn¬ D¬°WvT P\n-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. B A‘-Im-c-

Ønepw qI-º-Ønepw Xß-fpsS Ip™p-Ip- n-I-fpsS ÿnXn-

sb-¥m-bncn°pw, Ah-sc√mw FX-h-enb kw -a-Øn-em-bn-

cn°pw Fs∂√mw Ah¿ Nn¥n-®p-Xp-S-ßn. Xßƒ Icp-Xn-b-

Xp-]-Imcw Cu a\p-jy≥ tbip Hcp I≈-hm-Zntbm A

hn-izm-kntbm BsW-¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Cu I„m-\p- -h-

th-f-bn¬ Ft¥ aptºsbm-cn-°-ep-ap-≠m-bn- n-√m-Ø-hn[w C

]-Im-c-ap≈ i‡n-a-Ømb A¤p-X-m-S-bm-f-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-

am-dm-bXv? Cßs\-bp≈ \m\m-Xcw Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-fm¬ aYn-

X-Nn-Ø-cmbn Xo¿∂n-cp∂ blq-Z¿ At∏mƒ, tbip bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ acn-®pthm Ct√, At±-l-Øns‚ icn-bmb ÿnXn-sb

¥v Fs∂m∂pw Jfin-X-ambn Adn-bm≥ sa\-s°- p-an-√. F

∂m¬, tbip-hns\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp

Znhy-]-≤Xn ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬

D≠m-b-Xv. AXm-Wv, ""blq-Z¿ At±-lsØ sIm∂n- n√'' F∂

hmIy-Øn¬ ]kq-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. Xßƒ tbipsh sIm

∂p-sh∂p Icp-Xm≥ blq-Z¿ t]cn-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp∂ kw -h-

hn-Im-k-ßƒ ssZhap≠m-°n. ssZhw Ahs‚ hcn-jvT-∑msc

GXp k∂n-Kv≤L- -Øn¬\n∂pw c£n-°m≥ t]mcp-∂-h-\m-

sW∂ kpZr-V-amb hnizmkw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kmØzn-Isc

t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ kw`h hnIm-k-ß-fm-Wn-sX-√mw. Jp¿-

B-\n¬ C]-Im-chpw ]d-bp∂p: ""At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv


akolp Cuk_v\p-a¿bw F∂m-bn-cn-°pw. Cu temIØpw

]c-tem-IØpw At±lw kam-Zr-X\pw ssZh-Øns‚ kmao]yw

kn≤n-®-bm-fp--am-bn-cn°pw''(3:46)

`qan-bnepw BZcw

Cukm-\-_nbv°v Cu temIØv BZ-chpw Hu∂-Xyhpw

kn≤n-°p-Ibpw At±lw _lp-P-\-ß-fm¬ alØzo-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂p amX-a-√, ]c-tem-IØpw A]-Imcw

Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pamWv Cu hN\w a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-

∂-Xv. F∂m¬, sltcm-Zm-hn-s‚bpw ]nem-tØm-kn-s‚bpw

\m´n¬ tbip-hn\p BZcw e`n-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂Xp hy‡am

Wt√m. adn-®p, At±lw Ah-tl-fn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibm-Wp-≠m-b-

Xv. At±lw Xs‚ c≠mw hc-hn¬ qan-bn¬ BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-

sa-∂m-Wn-Xns‚ A¿∞-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-

X-am-Wv. ssZh-h-N-\-ßƒ°pw ssZh-Øns‚ imiz-X-amb ]Ir-

Xn-\n-b-a-ßƒ°pw \nc-°m-Ø-Xp-asX CXv. F√m-‰n-\pw-]p-d-

sa, AXn-te°v Hcp sXfn-hp-an-√. F∂m¬, B i]n-°-s∏´

P\-Øn¬\n∂p tamNn-X-\m-b-tijw tbip ]©m-_n¬ hcn-

Ibpw Xs‚ kµ¿i-\-Øm¬ ]©-\-ZsØ ]cym-Z-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX-tXm-Sp-IqSn ssZhw At±-l-Øn\p AXyp-Zm-c-amb

ÿm\w \evIp-Ibpw ChnsSh®v At±-l-Øn\p Ckm-tb¬

Krl-Ønse ImWm-sX-t]mb ]Øv tKmX-ßsf I≠p-ap- p-

hm≥ CS-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu Ckmt-b¬°m-cn¬

hfsct]¿ _p≤-aXw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Nne¿ XmW-Xcw

hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, tbip-hns‚ hc-thm-Sp-IqSn Ah-

cn¬ `qcn- m-Khpw k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-∂p. tbip-

hns‚ ]t_m-[-\-ß-fn¬, hcp-hm-\p≈ B ]hm-N-I-\n¬

hniz-kn-°-W-sa∂ ]mThpw IqSn-bp≠m-bn-cp∂-Xn-\m¬, Cu

]tZ-i-Øv, A vKm-\n-I-sf∂pw Iivao-cn-I-sf∂pap≈ t]cp-

I-fn¬ B ]Øv Ckm-tb¬ tKmX-°mcpw HSp-hn¬ apkvenw-


I-fmbnØocp-Ibpw Aßs\ CkvemwaX-Øn¬ ebn-°p-I-

bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. tbip C]-Imcw henb _lp-am-\m-Z-c-

ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Cu cmPyØv h∂-Xv. Cu ]©m-_n¬

Xs∂, CubnsS "]men' A£-c-ß-fn¬ tbip-hns‚ t]¿

sImØnb \mWbw I≠p-In- n-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \mWbw tbip-

hns‚ Ime-Øp-≈-Xm-Wp-Xm-\pw. tbip Cu cmPyØv hcn-

Ibpw At±lw cmtPm-NnXw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpap≠mbn

F∂m-WnXp sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. tbip-hns‚ A\p-N-c-\m-bn-Øo

¿∂ Hcp cmPmhv ASn-®n-d-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww AXv. Hcp

bnkmt-b¬°mcs‚ cq]-ap≈ as‰mcp \mW-bhpw Is≠-Sp-

Øn- p-≠v. CXv tbip-hns‚ cq]-am-sW-∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

Cukm-\-_n(-A) t]mbn-S-sØm-s°bpw ssZh-Øm¬ A\p-

K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂v At±lw ]d-™n- p-≈-

Xns\ Jp¿-B≥ FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°p∂p: ""Rm≥ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-

cp-∂mepw Fs∂ ssZhw A\p-K-ln-®p'' (19:32). AXp-sIm≠v

Cukm-\-_n°v ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v hep-Xmb _lp-am-\hpw

A\p-K-l-ßfpw e`n-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw cmP-Io-b-amb

_lp-aXn e`n-°p-thmfw At±lw Pohn-®n-cp-∂n- p-s≠-∂p-

amWv Cu \mW-b-ßƒ sXfn-bn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xv. C]-ImcwXs∂

Jp¿-B-\n¬ as‰mcp hN\w IqSn-bp-≠v. ""A√tbm Cukm,

F√m Ip‰m-tcm-]-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Rm≥ \ns∂ ip≤-\m

°pw'' (3:56). AXm-b-Xv, Rm≥ \ns‚ \nc-]-cm-[nXzw sXfn-bn-

°p-Ibpw PqX-∑mcpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw \n\-s°-Xn-cmbn sIm

≠p-h-∂n- p≈ Btcm-]-W-ß-sf-sb√mw \o°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

CXp Hcp al-Ømb ]h-N-\-a-sX. Iqin¬ Xd-®p-sIm-√-s∏-

Sp-I-bm¬ tbip Hcp i]vX≥ Bbn-Øo¿∂p (a-B-Z-√m-lv)

F∂mWv blq-Zn-Iƒ Btcm-]n-®-Xv. i]n-°-s∏- -h-\m-I-bm¬

At±lw ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øn\p A\¿l-\pw! "im]w'

F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb A¿∞-a-\p-k-cn®p At±-l-

Øns‚ lrZbw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v Zqc-s∏-´Xpambn-cp-∂p-

sh∂p PqX¿ ]d-™p. F∂p-h-®m¬, At±lw ssZhsØ


shdpØp: At±-l-Øns‚ lrZbw A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ I´n-a-d-

bm¬ B—m-Z\w sNø-s∏- n-cp∂p; AXp Xn∑sb kvt\ln-

°p-Ibpw \∑-bpsS t\sc Npfp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp

ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]- p-t]m-hpIbpw ]nim-Nns‚ ]nSn-

bn¬ AI-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp; At±-l-Øn\pw ssZh-Øn\pw

XΩn¬ henb iXp-X-bm-bn-cp∂p; Fs∂m-s°-Øs∂! tbip

i]vX-\m-sW∂ CtX Btcm-]Ww Xs∂-bm-Wt√m Inkv

Xym-\n-Ifpw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®-Xv. F∂m¬, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, CXn-

\p-]p-d-sa, a≠-Øcw sIm≠v, ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fmb c≠p

FXn¿\ym-b-ßsf Iq´n-L-Sn-∏n-°m\pw ian-®n- p-≠v. tbip

ssZh-]p-X-\m-sW∂p Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬, AtXbh-

k-c-Øn¬Øs∂ At±lw i]vX-\m-sW∂pw Ah¿ ]d-bp

∂p! i]vX-\mb Hcmƒ A‘-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw Zp„m-flm-hn-s‚

bpw k¥-Xnbpw Zp„m-flmhpXs∂bpw BsW∂p Ah¿

kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. CsX-√m-amWv tbip-hn-s∂-Xns-c Ch¿ sIm

≠p-h-∂n- p≈ \oN-amb Btcm-]-W-ßƒ. Cu F√m Btcm-

]-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ssZhw tbipsh ip≤o-I-cn-°p∂ \mfp-

Iƒ hcp-sa-∂mWv Jp¿-B-\nse "apXz-lvln-dp°' F∂

ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-e-Sßnb ]h-N-\-Ønse kqN\. B Imew

CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv!

tbip hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p

\ΩpsS Xncp-\-_n-bpsS km£yw-ap-tJ\ Nn¥-I-∑m-cpsS

IÆn¬ tbip-hns‚ \n¿t±m-jnXzw kpÿm-]n-X-am-bn-°-gn-

™n- p-s≠-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-ta-Xp-an-√. Cukm-\-_n-bpsS t]cn

¬ sIm≠p-h-∂n- p≈ F√m Btcm-]-W-ßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-c-

ln-X-ß-fm-sW∂p Xncp-\-_nbpw Xncp-Jp¿-B\pw km£yw

hln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, B ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ Xptemw kq£v

ahpw kmam-\y-P-\-ß-fn¬ ZrV-t_m≤yw hcp-Øm≥ hnj-a-

I-c-am-bn- p-≈-Xp-a-sX. AXn\m¬, tbip-hns‚ Iqivkw- hw

]Xy-£hpw ]kn-≤-hp-amb Hcp kw -h-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-


X-s∂, F√m-h¿°pw ImW-Ø-°-\n-e-bn¬ tbip-hns‚ ]cn-

ip-≤-Xbpw ]Xy-£-am-°-s∏-tS-≠Xp Znhy-\o-Xn-bpsS Hcm-h-

iy-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv kw -hn-®-Xpw. tbip-hns‚

\n¿t±m-jnXzw \ymb-hm-Z-ß-fpsS ASnÿm-\-Øn¬ ÿm]n-

°-s∏´psh∂p amX-a√ G‰hpw ]Xy-£-amb \ne-bn¬ sXfn-

bn®p ImWn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Fs¥-∂m¬, e£-°-W-

°mb P\-ßƒ Xß-fpsS kz¥w IÆp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Iivao-

cnse io\-K-dn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Cukm-\-_n-bpsS I√d

t\m°n-°-≠p. At±lw tKmevtKm-Ym-bn¬ AXm-bXv ""io''

F∂ ÿeØvh®p Iqin-°-s∏- -Xp-t]mseXs∂ At±-l-

Øns‚ J_vdpw ""io'' F∂ ÿeØv AXm-bXv io\-K-dn

¬ Is≠-Ø-s∏- n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. c≠p ÿe-ß-fp-sSbpw ""io''

i_vZw hfsc kmZr-iy-ap-≈-X-sX. tbip-hns\ Iqin® ÿe-

Øn∂p Kn¬KnØv AYhm ""io'' F∂mWv t]cm-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A]-cm¿≤-Øn¬ tbip-hns‚

J_v¿ I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏´ ÿe-Øn\pw Kn¬KnØv AYhm

""io'' F∂p Xs∂-bmWv ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Iivao-cnse "Kn¬

KnØv' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ÿew ""io'' F∂ i_vZsØ

°pdn-®p≈ kqN\ \evIp-∂p-≠v. tbip-hns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cn-

°Ww Cu \Kcw ]Wn-Xn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ipcnip kw -h-

Øns‚ kvac-Wsb \ne-\ndpØp∂ Hcp ÿe-sa∂ \ne-

bn¬ AXn\p "Kn¬KnØv' AYhm ""io'' F∂p \ma-I-cWw

sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xmhmw.11 ""Bcm-[y-amb \Kcw'' F∂¿∞-ap≈

""em m'' F∂ \maw t]mse CXpw Hcp A_m\n ]Z-am-Wv.

CXpw tbip-hns‚ ImeØv cq]-s∏- p-h∂ Hcp \K-c-am-bn-cn-

°-Ww.

Cukm-\-_n(-A) 125 hb- p-hsc Pohn-®n-cp-∂n- p-s≠∂v

\ΩpsS -\_n(-k) Acp-fn-bn- p-≈-Xmbn hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb

lZo-Yp-\n-th-Z\-ßƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. CXn-\p-]p-d-sa, Cukm-

\_n°v c≠p ]tXy-I-X-I-fp-s≠-∂-Xmbn Ckvem-anse F√m


I£n-Ifpw Hcpt]mse hniz-kn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. B ]tXy-I-X-

Iƒ as‰mcp ]hm-N-I-cnepw ImWm-Ø-Xp-a-sX. Ah(1) hfsc

hb- m-thmfw AXm-bXv 125 hb- p-hsc At±lw Pohn-®n-

cp-∂p-sh-∂pw, (2) temI-Øns‚ ]e- m-K-ß-fnepw At±lw

k©-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ""k©mcn ]hm-N-I≥'' F∂pw At±

lw hnfn-°-s∏- n-cp∂psh∂p-ap-≈-X-sX. At±lw 33- mw hb-

n¬Øs∂ BIm-i-tØ°v FSp-Øp-sIm-≈-s∏- p-sh-¶n¬

125 hb v kw_-‘n® \nth-Z\w kXy-am-Im≥ \nh¿-Øn-

bn-√t√m! 33 hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ AXbpw henb bmX-Iƒ \S-

Øn-bn-cn-°m\pw \n¿∆m-l-an-√. Cu \nth-Z-\-ßƒ G‰hpw

hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb lZo-Yp-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p

]pd-sa, hn`n∂ apkvenw hn`m-K-ß-fn-se√mw tIƒhn-s∏- -Xp-

asX. CXbpw hn]p-e-ambn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp \nth-

Z\w Cu hyXykvX I£n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]Nm-c-s∏-´n-´p-

s≠∂p Icp-Xm≥Xs∂ ]bm-kw. ""I≥kp¬ DΩm¬'' F∂

_rl-Zvl-ZoYv KŸ-Øns‚ 34- mw t]Pn¬ (2˛mw hmeyw)

A_q-lp-dbvd (d) cnhm-bØv sNbvXn- p≈ lZoYv ImWmw.

ssZhw Cukmbv°v C]-Imcw shfn-]m-Sn-d°n: ""A√tbm

Cukm! Hcp ÿe-Øp-\n∂v as‰mcp ÿe-tØ°v amdn

]m¿Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI (AXmbXv, Hcp cmPyØp\n∂v

as‰mcp cmPyØnte°v t]mIpI.)˛ Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-

°m\pw a¿±-\-taev°m-Xn-cn-°m\pwth≠n.'' hnhn[ cmPy-ß-

fn¬ bmX-sN-bvXp-sIm≠n-cn-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw Iev]n®p

sh∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wn-Xns‚ A¿∞w.

CtX KŸ-Øn¬Øs∂ Pm_n-dns‚ \nth-Z-\-a-\p-k-cn-

®p≈ thsdmcp lZo-Yp-ap-≠v.

11. tKmevtKm-Ybv°v (Kn¬Kn-Øv) Xe-tbm-SnSw F∂mWv kphn-ti-j-Øn¬A¿∞w \evIn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. k¿ F∂-Xn\v Xe-sb-∂m-Wt√m A¿∞w. k¿\K-c-amWv io\-K-c-am-b-Xv. Xe-\-Kcw AYhm Xe-tbm-SnSw hnh:


""Cukm-\_n Ft∏mgpw k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. At±

lw Hcp \mń¬\n∂v as‰mcp \mń-te°v bmX-sN-bvXp-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw cmXn-bm-bm¬ FØn-bnSw hni-an-°p-Ibpw

Im´p-sN-Sn-Iƒ £n®pw tNme-sh≈w IpSn®pw Ign-®p-Iq- p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.'' (hmeyw 2, t].71)

CtX KŸ-Øn¬Xs∂ lZvdØv A_vZp√mlv _n≥ Da-

dns‚ \nth-Z-\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ as‰mcp

lZoYpw ImWmw. AXn-]-Im-c-am-Wv.

""\-_n(-k) ]d™p: ""ssZh-Zr-„n-bn¬ G‰hpw A\pKr-

lo-X≥ "Kco_v' BIp-∂p. "Kco_v' F∂m¬ Bsc-bmWv

Ipdn-°p-∂sX∂p tNmZn-°-s∏- p. Cukm-a-ko-ln-s\-t]mse

Xß-fpsS \mń¬\n∂v hnizm-ksØ c£n-°m≥ HmSn-t∏m-

Ip-∂-h¿'' (hmeyw 6. t].51)


A[ymbw˛ 3

(sshZyimkvXKŸßfn¬\ns∂SpØn´p≈ sXfnhpIƒ)

a¿lsa CukmIqin¬\n∂p c£n-°-s∏´ tbip-hns‚

hW-ß-fn¬ ]pc- m-\p-]-tbm-Kn® Iq´p-a-cp∂v

tbip Ipcn-in¬\n∂p c£-s∏- Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ AXn-

]-[m-\hpw A\n-tj-[y-hp-amb as‰mcp sXfnhv "a¿lsa

Cukm' AYhm "tbip-hns‚ te]\w' (Ointment of Jesus)F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Iq´pacp-∂m-Ip-∂p. iX-°-

W-°n-\p≈ sshZy-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ CXn-s\-°p-dn®p ]Xn-]m-

Zn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. Cu KŸ-ß-fn¬ NneXp InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

Xøm-dm-°n-bXpw a‰p NneXp aPq-kn-I-tfm PqXtcm cNn-®Xpw

NneXp apkvenw-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≈-Xp-a-sX. Ch-bn¬ an°

Xpw Nnc-]p-cm-X-\-ß-fm-Wv. BZy-am-Zyw, ]c-º-cbm ]d-™-

Xp-tI- mWv Cu Iq´p-a-cp-∂n-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ Adnhv e£-°-W-

°n-\m-fp-I-fn¬ ]N-cn-°p-am-dm-b-sX∂v Kth-j-W-ßƒ sXfn-

bn-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv Ah-cXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-h-®p. Ipcnip kw`

hw Ign-™p-S-s\, tbip-hns‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ Cu Iq´p-a-cp-

∂n-s\-∏‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-a-S-ßnb Hcp Huj-[n-KŸw eØo

≥ mj-bn¬ hnc-Nn-X-am-bn. Cu Iq´p-a-cp∂v tbip-hns‚ hW-

ß-fn¬ ]pc-´m≥th≠n Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw

AXn¬ ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. ]n∂oSv Cu IrXn \nc-h[n

`mj-I-fn¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏- p. HSp-hn¬, amaq-≥ A¬ d-

io-Zns‚ ImeØv Ad_n`mj-bnepw AXns‚ Hcp X¿÷-a-

bp-≠m-bn. InkvXycpw PqXcpw aPq-kn-Ifpw apkvenw-I-fp-amb

F√m aX-°m-cn-ep-ws]´ sshZy-im-kvX-tIm-hn-Z-∑m¿ Xß-fp-

sS KŸ-ß-fn¬ Cu Huj-[-sØ-∏‰n ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-Ibpw

CXv tbip-hn\pth≠n A-t±-l-Øns‚ injy-∑m¿ Xøm-dm-


°n-bn-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂v ]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s∏- n- p-≈Xv

ssZh-Øns‚ A¤p-X-]-h¿Øn-b-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√. ASn-

tb‰pw hogvN-]-‰nbpw D≠mIp∂ ]cn-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ c‡-

kmhw \ndpØp-∂-Xn\v Cu Iq´p-a-cp∂v hfsc ^e-]-Z-am-

sW∂v Huj-[-\n¿ΩmW imkvX-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ \n∂v sXfn-

bp-∂p-≠v. ""aqdpw'' (Myrrh) tN¿∂n- p-≈-Xn-\m¬ hWw hnj-

a-b-am-Im-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu te]\w tπKn\pw hfsc e-

]-Z-am-Wv. F√m-X-c-Øn-ep≈ s]m≈-ep-Iƒ°pw ]pÆp-

Iƒ°pw CXp AXyp-Ø-a-a-sX. Cu te]\w ssZhn-I-sh-fn-

]m-Sp-I-f-\p-k-cn®p tbip-Xs∂ Iqiv kw -h-Øn-\p-tijw

Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xm-tWm, nj-Kz-c-∑m-cpsS D]-tZ-i-]-Imcw Xøm-

dm-°-s∏- -XmtWm Fs∂m∂pw hy‡-a-√. Iq´p-a-cp-∂nse Nne

LS-I-ßƒ H‰-aq-en-I-t]m-ep-≈-XmWv; hnti-jn®pw aqdv! AXn-

s\-°p-dn®p Xudm-Ønepw (]-g-b-\n-b-aw) ]d-b-s∏- n- p-≠-t√m.

AsX-¥m-bmepw tbip-hns‚ hW-ßƒ Cu te]\w aqew

GXm\pw Znh-k-ßƒ°-Iw-Xs∂ DW-ßn. aq∂p Znh-k-Øn-

\Iw bcq-i-te-an¬\n∂v Keo-e-hsc 70 \mgnI \S-°p-hm-\m-

Ip-thmfw At±l-Øns‚ thZ-\-Iƒ°p ia\w In´n. Cu

Iq´p-a-cp-∂ns‚ e-kn-≤nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw, ""tbip

a‰p-≈-hsc kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øn, Cu acp∂p tbipsh kpJ-s∏-

SpØn'' F∂p \ap°v ]dbmw! Cu Huj-[-sØ-∏‰n ]Xn-]m-

Zn-°p∂ KŸ-ßƒ Hcm-bn-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw-h-cpw. Ah-bp-sS-

sb√mw t]cp-≤-cn-®m¬Øs∂ hfsc hfsc \o≠p-t]m-Ip-

∂-Xm-Wv. bq\m\n sshZy-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ Cu Iq´p-

a-cp∂p kp⁄m-X-a-sX. B KŸ-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw t]cp-Iƒ

D≤-cnt°≠Xp-s≠∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. Chn-sS-bp≈ GXm\pw

KŸ-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ Rm≥ NphsS Ipdn°mw:

Jm\q≥˛ tibvJp¿d-Cukv _q Aen ko\m, hmeyw 3, t]Pv

133.

id-lvJm-\q≥ A√mam JpXzv_p-±o≥ iodm-kn, hmeyw 3.


Iman-ep- z-\mAx ˛ Aen- _n≥ A¬ A∫mkv A¬ aPq-

kn, hmeyw 2, t]Pv 602.

InXm_v aPvaq-Ax _Jmbn alvaqZv apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬,

apJm-Øn_v Akv JmJm≥ _Jn-Xzm_v ]nZv¿ apl-

ΩZv _Jm Jm≥, hmeyw 2, t]Pv 497.

InXm_v XZv°n-dsb Dep¬ A¬_m_v tibvJv Zm-hq-Zv

A±co¿ A¬ A¥zm-°o, t]Pv 303.

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ dqan˛ tbip-hn-\p-tijw sXm -Sp-Ø-Im-eØv cNn-

°-s∏- Xpw amaq≥ d-io-Zns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv Ad-

_n-bn¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏- -Xp-am-Wn-Xv. N¿Ω-

tcm-K-ßƒ F∂ mKw t\m°p-I.

DwZ-Øp¬ aplvXmPv ˛ AlvaZv _n≥ lk≥ A¿d-ioZo

A¬l°nw. \qtdm-fw, Hcp]t£ \qdn-e-[nIw

]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬\n∂v ""a¿lsa Cukm''bpw a‰p

Iq´p-a-cp-∂p-Ifpw kw_-‘n® hnh-c-W-ßƒ Cu

KŸ-Øn¬ tN¿Øn- p-≠v. Cu ]pkvX-I-ß-sf√mw

^©v mj-bn-ep-≈-Xp-am-Wv.

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ (t]¿ky≥) l°ow apl-ΩZv AIv_¿ Ad-

km-\n˛ N¿ΩtcmK-ßƒ.

in^mD¬ AkvJmw ˛ hmeyw 2, t]Pv 230

an¿-A-Øp-»n^m ˛ l°ow \tYmimlv (ssI-sbgpØp

tcJ)˛ N¿ΩtcmK-ßƒ

ZJo-dsb Jzm¿kw imln N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

idlv Jm\q≥ Poem\n hmeyw 3

idlv Jm\q≥ J¿io hmeyw 3

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ D¬ho-Jm≥; N¿Ω tcmK-ßƒ


Cem-Pp¬ Awdm-Zv l°ow apl-ΩZv ico- vJm≥ kmln-_v,

t]Pv 893.

Jdm-_m-Zo≥, (bq-\m-\n) N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

Xplv^-Øp¬ apAv-an-\o≥ ˛ aJvk-\p¬ AZ-hn-b-bpsS

am¿Pn-\n¬, t]Pv 713.

aploXzv ^nØzn∫v ˛ t]Pv 367

AIvkosd AAvZzw hmeyw 4, l°ow apl-ΩZv AAv-Zzw-

Jm≥ kmln-_v, A¬ap-Jm-Xz_v _\m-Zznsa

Plm≥, t]Pv 331

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ aAv-kzqan ˛ A¬aAvkzqw _n≥ Ico-ap-±o≥

A¬iqkvXo iodm-kn.

DPm-esb \m^nb apl-ΩZv ico v Zlve-hn, t]Pv 410.

Xzns∫ in_vco (_¬hm-an-Av in_vcnøx F∂pw t]cp-≠v)

˛ kønZv lpkbv≥ in_v¿ ImZzn-an, t]Pv.471)

aJvks\ kpebv-am\n (A-Ivko¿ Ad_n F∂ KŸ-Øns‚

hnh¿Ø-\w) ˛apl-ΩZv iwkp-±o≥ kmln_v

`mh¬]p-cn, t]Pv 599.

in^mD¬AwdmZv auem\m A¬ l°ow apl-ΩZv \p¿Icow,

t]Pv 282.

InXm_v AXzn∫v Zmdm-i-t°mln ˛ \qdp-±o≥ apl-ΩZv

A_vZp¬ l°ow sF\p¬ap¬°v A»o-dm-kn,

t]Pv 360.

an≥lm-Pp-±p-Im≥ _ ZkvXq-dp¬-A-Av-bm≥ o AAv-am¬

h X¿°o-_n-∂m- nAx en¬ A_vZm≥ A vem-

Øqs\ kam\ hd-bosk Ahm\m A_p¬an∂m

_n≥ A_o-\-kzvdn¬-AXzm A¬ Ckvdm-boen

A¬lm-dq\o (Pq-Z≥) t]Pv 86.


kp_-ZvØp-Øzn∫v ˛ køn-Zp¬-Camw A_p C_vdmlow

Ckvam-bo¬ _n≥ lk-\p¬lp-kbv\n A¬

P¿Pm\o t]Pv 182.

Xzns∫ AIv_¿ apl-ΩZv AIv_¿ A¿km-\o, t]Pv 242.

aokm-\p-Øzn∫v apl-ΩZv AIv_¿ A¿km-\o, t]Pv 152.

kZoZo dbo-kp¬ap-X-I-√n-ao≥ Cam-ap¬ apl-JvJn-

Jo≥ A -Zo-Zp¬ ImZvdq-\n, hmeyw 2, t]Pv 283.

lmho ˛ I_o¿ C_v\p kI-cnø N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

Jdm-_m-Zn≥ ˛ C_v\p X¬aoZv N¿ΩtcmK-ßƒ

Jdm-_m-Zn≥ ˛ C_v\p A_o-kzm-ZnJv ˛ N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

DZm-l-c-Wm¿∞w amX-amWv Cu KŸ-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw

t]cp-Iƒ ChnsS Ipdn-®n- p-≈-Xv. -]-≠p-Im-e-ß-fn¬ apkvenw-

-c-W-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ ][m\ hn⁄m-\-tI-µ-ß-fn-se√mw

Cu KŸ-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂p ]fin-X-

∑m¿s°√mw hnin-jy, sshZy-hn-Zzm-∑m¿°v Adn-hp-≈-Xm-Wv.

bqtdm-]y≥ hnZzm-∑m¿t]mepw Ah ]Tn-®n- p-≠v. Cu KŸ-

ßƒ ]Tn-®-dn™ e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ Hmtcm \q‰m-≠nepw

D≠m-bn- p-s≠∂p ]d-™m¬ AsXm-c-Xn-i-tbm-‡n-b√; Hcp

]c-am¿∞w amX-am-Ip-∂p. Ah-cn¬ e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ

Ah Baq-emKw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn- p-≈-h-cp-a-sX. ta¬

tN¿Ø enÃn¬ GXm\pw ]pkvX-I-ßsf Ipdn-s®-¶nepw

Adn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø-h-cmbn bqtdm-∏n-sebpw Gjy-bn-sebpw

hnZzm-∑m-cn¬ Hcmfpw D≠m-bn-cn-°n-s√∂pw F\nbv°p Xd-

∏n®p ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. kvs]bn-\nepw Jkv-tXm-Wn-b-bnepw

im≥Xo-\nepw12 k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ahn-

sS-\n∂p bqtdm-]y-∑m¿ _qAen ko\m-bpsS "Jm\q≥' F∂

al-ZvK-Ÿ-hpw˛ "a¿l-sa-Cukm' F∂ te]\w Xøm-dm-°p-

∂-Xn-\p≈ Nm¿Øv CXn¬ ImWmw˛ `uXn-I-im-kvXw,


tPymXn-im-kvXw, XØz-⁄m\w Ch kw_-‘n® in^m,

_nim-dØv XpS-ßnb KŸ-ßfpw kIu-XpIw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw

]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp t]m∂n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C]-Im-cw-

X-s∂, A_p-\kzv¿ mdm-_n, A_q-sd-lm≥, Ckvdm-bo¬,

Ym_nXv _n≥ Jp¿d, lp\bv≥ _n≥ CkvlmJv XpS-ßn-b-

h-cp-sS˛ hn⁄m-\-tX-P-]p-RvP-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ch-sc√mw!˛

IrXn-I-fpw, Ko°n¬\n∂v Ah¿ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX a‰p

IrXn-I-fp-sa√mw ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS KŸ-ß-fpsS

X¿÷-a-Iƒ bqtdm-∏n¬ C∂pw ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v. apkvenw

`c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ, sshZy-im-kvX-Øn¬ henb X¬]-c-cm-

bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, Ah¿ [mcmfw Ko°v IrXn-I-fpsS hnh¿Ø-

\-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. kmam-Py-hn-]p-eo-I-c-W-Øn-

tesd hn⁄m-\-hn-X-c-W-Øn¬ ZØ-i-≤-cm-bn-cp∂ cmPm-°-

∑m-cn-emWv Jnem- -Øns‚ k¿∆m-[n-Imcw Gdn-b-Imew ka

¿∏n-X-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp. C°m-c-W-Øm-emWv Ah¿ Ko°v KŸ-

ß-fpsS Ad_n hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xn-\p-]p-d-sa,

C¥y-bn¬\n∂p henb henb lnµp-]-fin-X-∑msc £Wn-

®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn `oa-amb XpI-Iƒ ]Xn- -e-ambn \evIn-

s°m≠v Ah-cp-sSbpw sshZy-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-ßfpw a‰p IrXn-

Ifpw X¿÷a sNøn-°p-Ibp-ap-≠m-b-n. BI-bm¬, bYm¿∞-

amb ⁄m\w tXSp-∂-h¿°v Ah-tcm-Sp≈ henb IS-∏m-Sp-

I-fn-sem∂p Ah¿ ""tbip-hns‚ te]\'' sØ∏‰n ]Xn-]m-

Zn-°p∂ eØo≥- -Ko°v sshZy-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS hnh

¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xøm-dm°n F∂p-≈-X-sX. Cu te]-\u-j[w

tbip-hns‚ hW-ß-fn¬ ]pc- m≥th≠n Xøm-dm-°-s∏- n-cp-

∂-Xm-sW∂ bmYm¿∞yw, sImØn-sh-®-Xp-t]mse Ah-bn¬

tcJ-s∏- p-In-S-°p-∂p-≠v. sshZy-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øn-\p-]p-dsa

`uXn-I-im-kvX-Ønepw XØz-Nn-¥-bnepw AKm[ ]fin-X-

∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ Ym_n-Xv _n≥ Jp¿d, lpkbv≥ _n≥ Ckvlm

12. ^nkv]m-\nb AYhm A¥-eqkv; sIk-vat\m AYhm JkvX-tam-Wnb;kXvte¿\w AYhm im≥Xo≥. hnh:


Jv XpS-ßnb Ckvem-ans‚ ]gb ]Xm-]-Im-esØ hnZz¬

intcm-a-Wn-Iƒ "a¿lsa Cukm'sb Ipdn-®p≈ hnh-c-W-a-S-

ßnb Jdm-_m-Zn≥ X¿÷a sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ko°v `mj-bn-

ep≈ Jdm-_m-Zn≥ F∂ Huj[n \n¿ΩmW imkvX-K-Ÿ-

Øn¬ \n∂m-WXp hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-sX∂ kqN-\sb

imiz¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n "«oJm' F∂ Ko°vi_vZw

AtX-]Sn Ad-_n-bn¬ \ne-\ndpØn-bXp _p≤n-]q¿∆-I-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠-sX, an°-hmdpw F√m KŸ-ß-fn

epw "«oJm' F∂ ]Zhpw ImW-s∏-Sp-am-dm-b-Xv.

CXn-s\-√mw-]p-dsa Ncn-X-Ønse cl-ky-h-kvXp-X-Isf

]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬ ]pcm-X-\-\m-Wy-ßfpw a‰pw hne-

s∏´ sXfn-hp-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw, Zi-e-£-°-W-°n¬

P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ hnhn[ Ime-ß-fn-embn Adn-b-s∏- p-t]m-

∂Xpw henb henb hn⁄m-\-tI-µ-ß-fn¬ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-

ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ct∏mgpw Aßs\ XpS¿∂p-

h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-amb B ]mNo\ KŸ-ßƒ, \mWy-

ß-tf-°mfpw sImsØ-gp-Øp-Itf-°mfpw BbncwaSßv hne-

tb-dn-b-Xm-sW∂p a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \mWy-ß-fp-sSbpw

sImsØ-gp-Øp-I-fp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ IrXn-a-ßƒ°v km≤y-

X-bp-≠v. cN-\m-Imew apXev°p- ]kvXpX hn⁄m\K-Ÿ-

ßƒ e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-am-dm-IpI-bpw,

F√m P\-X-Ifpw Ct∂-hsc kq£n®pw kwc-£n®pw hcn-

Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≈-XpX-s∂ \mW-b-ßƒ°pw sImsØ-gp-

Øp-Iƒ°pw AXn-t\mSp Hcp Xmc-X-ay-hp-an-s√-∂-Xn-tebv°p

ZrjvSm-¥-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. _qA-en- ko-\m-bpsS (Avicenna) "Jm

\q≥' F∂ KŸ-tØ°mfpw ]kn-≤nbpw ]am-Wyhp ap≈

GsX-¶nepw \mW-btØtbm sImsØ-gp-Øn-t\tbm Ipdn-

®p, Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ Bsc-¶nepw ]d™pXcs´! Npcp-°-Øn¬,

"tbip-hns‚ te]\w kXymt\zjIsc kw_‘n ®nStØm

fw AXn][m\amsbmcp sXfn-hm-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu


km£ysØ Ahn-iz-kn-°m-sa¶n¬, Ncn-X-]-c-amb F√m

km£y-ß-sfbpw A∏Sn Xt≈-≠n-h-cpw. Fs¥-∂m¬ "a¿

lsa Cukm' sb°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-a-S-ßnb AØcw

KŸ-ß-fpsS FÆw Bbn-c-Øn-ep-a-[nIw hcp-sa∂ hkvXp-

X-bv°p-]p-dsa B KŸßfpw Ah-bpsS cN-bn-Xm-°fpw

Zi-e-£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fn¬ ]pIƒs]-‰-h-cp-a-sX. DZm-Ø

amb, efn-X-am-b, kpi-‡-amb Cu sXfn-hns\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-

∂-bmƒ°v Ncn-X-]-cmb F√m sXfn-hp-Itfbpw X≈n-°-f-

tb-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXbpw ]_-e-amb Cu km£ysØ

Ifh-m-°m≥ Hcmƒ°v Ign-bptam? bqtdm-∏nepw Gjy-bn-ep-

sa√mw ]N-cn®p Ign-™-Xpw, PqXcpw InkvXycpw aPq-kn-I

fpw apkvenw-I-fp-amb FÆ-s∏´ XØz-Nn-¥-I-∑m-cpsS ]kvXm-

h-\-Isf Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bn- p-≈-Xp-amb Cu I\Ø km£y-

Øn¬ \ap°v kwibw ]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\?

kpa-\- p-I-fmb Kth-j-I-∑m¿ H∂n-hnsS i≤n-°s´:

Cu DZm-Ø-amb ZrjvSm-¥-Øn-tebv°v Ah¿ HmSn-b-Sp-°p-Ibpw

AXn-s\-°p-dn®p ]cn-Nn-¥n-°p-Ibpw sNøs´! CXbpw Pm÷z-

ey-am-\-amb Hcp km£ysØ Ah¿°v Ah-K-Wn-°m-s\m-

°ptam? Cu kXy-Øns‚ "kqcy-'\n¬\n∂p \mw "Poh≥'

Dƒs°m-t≈-≠-Xs√? ZuXy-Øn\p aptº tbip-hn\p Nne

]cn-°p-Iƒ G‰n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°m-sa∂pw AY-hm, ZuXy-

Im-eØp Ft∏mtgm ]‰nb Nne apdn-hp-I-fm-bn-cn°mw AsX

∂pw Iqip-kw- -h-Øn-ep-≠mb hW-ßƒ As√-∂pw, At±l-

Øn\p hogvN ]‰n-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°m-sa∂pw Cu hogvN-bnep≠mb

]cn-°p-Iƒ°pth≠n ]kvXpX te]\w Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-∂-

Xm-hm-sa∂pw a‰pw X´n-aq-fn-°p-∂Xp Akw-_-‘-a-sX. Fs¥-

∂m¬, ZuXy-Øn-\p-aptº At±-l-Øn\p injy-∑m-cmcpw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√; Cu te]-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬

Øs∂ At∏m-kvXe∑msc∏‰nbpw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Cu KŸ-

ß-fn-se√mw "«oJm' F∂ Ko°v ]Zw ImWmw. CXn-s\√mw


]pd-sa, tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-kw- -h-ß-sf√mw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-amdv At±lw ZuXy-Øn-\p-aptº Hcp ]kn≤ hy‡n-

bmbn Icp-X-s∏- n-cp-∂p-an√. aq∂-c-s°m-√sØ At±l-Øns‚

ZuXy-Im-e-Øn-\n-S-bn-em-I-s´, Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-a-√msX as‰-s¥-

¶nepw A]-I-S-Øn¬ At±lw AI-s∏-Sp-Itbm NX-thev°p-

Itbm sNbvX-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- n- n-√-Xm-\pw. C\n, as‰-

s¥-¶nepw Imc-W-Øm-emWv tbip-hn\p B hW-ßƒ D≠m-

b-sX∂p Bsc-¶nepw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ A°mcyw

sXfn-bn-t°≠ mcw Ah¿°m-Wt√m! F∂m¬, Rßƒ ]d-

bp∂ kw -h-am-I-s´, PqX∑m¿t°m InkvXym-\n-Iƒt°m \n

tj-[n-°m≥ km[n-°mØhn[w kpÿm-]n-Xhpw kpk-Ω-X-

hp-a-tX. AXm-bXp Iqip kw`hw! tbip-hn\p at‰-sX-¶nepw

hn[-Øn¬ ]cn-°p-I-tf-‰n- p-s≠∂ kwKXn GXm-bmepw Ncn-

X-tc-J-IƒsIm≠v Dd-∏n-°-s∏- n- n-√. AXpsIm≠v, CØ-c-

samcp Zp¿\ymbw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xp t_m [-]q¿∆w Adn™p

sIm≠pXs∂, kXy-am¿K-Øn¬\n∂p hyXn-N-en-°-em-Wv.

GXmZr-i-amb Pev]-\-ßsf ap≥\ndpØn X≈n-°-f-bm≥

amXw \n m-c-a√ ChnsS D∂-bn-°-s∏- n- p≈ sXfn-sh∂p

Hm¿t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Ct∏mgpw ]mNo-\-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS Isø-gp-Øp-]-Xn-Iƒ

ImWmw. _qA-en- ko-\m-bpsS "Jm\q≥' F∂ KŸ-Øns‚

Hcp Isø-gp-Øp-]Xn A°m-e-sØ-gp-Xn-bXp Fs‚ ]°-ep-

ap-≠v. AXn\m¬, CXbpw kv Sn-Ikam-\-amb sXfn-hns\

hen-s®-dn-bp-∂Xp Atß-b-‰sØ A\o-Xn-bm-bn-cn°pw; A√,

kXysØ sR°n-s°m-√p-∂-Xn\p Xpey-a-tX. CXn-s\-°p-

dn®p ho≠pw ho≠pw Btem-Nn-°p-hn≥; Kl-\-ambn Nn¥n-

°p-hn≥! Cu KŸ-ßƒ PqX∑m-cp-sSbpw aPq-kn-I-fp-sSbpw

InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw t]¿ky°m-cp-sSbpw

Ko°p-Im-cp-sSbpw tdma-°m-cp-sSbpw P¿a≥Im-cp-sSbpw ^

©pIm-cp-sSbpw ]°epw At∏m-se-Xs∂ a‰p bqtdm-]y≥

cmPy-ß-fn-sebpw Gjybn-sebpw ]pcm-X-\-K-Ÿm-e-b-ß-fn


epw Ct∏mgpw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp \n-tj-[n-bpsS IÆ-

©n-∏n-°p-amdv HfnNnX-dp∂ Cu km£y-Øn¬\n∂v apJw

Xncn-®p-I-f-bp-∂Xp HuNn-Xy-amtWm? Cu KŸ-ß-sf√mw

apkvenw-I-fm¬ amXw hnc-Nn-X-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬, Ckvemw-a-Xm-

\p-bm-bn-Iƒ amX-amWv Ch kq£n-®p-t]m-∂n- p-≈-sX-¶n¬,

InkvXp-aX-Øn-s\-Xn-sc D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥th≠n Ah-

sb√mw apkvenw-Iƒ IrXn-a-ambn \n¿Ωn® tcJ-I-fm-sW∂p

]d-™p-X-≈m≥ Xøm-d-m-Ip-∂-h-scbpw It≠-bv°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, Rm≥ hgnsb hnh-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ Imc-W-ßƒ

s°√mw ]pd-sa, AØcw Hcp IrXn-a-tc-Jm-\n¿Ωm-W-°p‰w

apkvenw-I-fn¬ Btcm-]n-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-sW∂ bmYm¿∞y

sØ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmgpw AXp ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂p

]d-bmsX \nh¿Øn-bn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ InkvXym-\n-I-sf-t∏m

se apkvenw-Ifpw hniz-kn-®p-t]m-∂n- p-≈Xv Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-

Øn-\p-tijw DS≥Xs∂ tbip AYhm Cukm-\-_n(A)

BIm-i-tØbv°pb¿∂p-t]m-sb-∂sX! CXn-\pw-]p-d-sa,

tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in¬ Xd-®-Xmtbm Ipcn-ip-kw- -hsØ XpS

¿∂p AØcw ]cn-°p-Iƒ tbip-hn-\p-≠m-bn- p-≈-Xmtbm

apkvenw-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-an-√. F∂n-cn-s°, Xß-fpsS

hnizm-k-Øn\p hn]-co-X-ambn Adn-™p-sIm≠p Ah¿°v

B kwK-Xn-Iƒ I‰p-sI- n-bp-≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂-sX-

ßs\? CX-bp-a-√, "tbip-hns‚ te]\w' kw_-‘n® Nm¿

Øpw Cu te]\w tbip-hn\p-th≠n At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ Xøm-

dm-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂ hnh-c-WhpaS-ßnb Cu sshZy-KŸ-

ßƒ eØo-\nepw Ko°nepw cNn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw e£-°-W-

°n-\m-fp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]N-cn-X-am-IpIbpw sNbvXp-Xp-S-ßnb

ImeØp Ckvemw-aXw temIØp Bhn¿- -hn-®n- p-Xs∂ D≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-√. PqX-∑mcpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apkvenw-Ifpw aPq-

kn-I-fp-am-Is´ aX-]-c-amb At\ym\yw FXn¿Øp-t]m-∂n- p-

≈-h-cp-a-sX. BI-bm¬, Ah¿ Xß-fpsS KŸ-ß-fn¬ Cu

te]-\-sØ-∏‰n ]kvXm-hn®psh∂ hkvXp-Xbpw kz¥w aX-


hn-izm-k-ß-sf-t∏mepw Ah¿ C°m-cy-Øn¬ KWyam-°p-∂n-

s√∂ bmYm¿∞yhpw hy‡-ambn sXfn-bn-®p-X-cp-∂Xp Cu

te]-\-Øns‚ Xøm-dn∏v Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw P\-Xbv°pw

\ntj-[n-°m-\m-hm-Ø-hn[w AX-tbsd kp]-kn-≤-amsbmcp

kXy-h-kvXp-X-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-tX. \q‰p-

°W-°mb KŸ-ß-fn¬ ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏- n- p-≈Xpw hnhn[

cmjvS-ß-fnse e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Adn-b-s∏-

´n- p-≈-Xp-amb Cu Huj-[-°p-dn-∏n¬\n-∂p, hmKvZØ ako-

lns‚ ]Xy-£-Imewhsc, Cu Hcp P\-hn- m-K-Øn-\pw-Xs∂

apX-se-Sp-°m≥ tXm∂n-bn- n-s√-∂Xp t\cm-W-t√m, AXn\m¬,

Iqin-ep≈ hnizm-ksØ XI¿°p∂ Cu D÷z-e-Zr-jvSm-

¥hpw kXyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \ymb-hm-Zhpw hmKvZ-Ø-a-

ko-lp-Xs∂ temIØn\p hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-Wsa-∂mWv

ssZhw C—n-®n-cp-∂Xp ˛ hn[n-®n-cp-∂Xp ˛ F∂p kΩ-Xn-

°p-Itb \ap°v \n¿∆m-l-ap-≈q. Fs¥-∂m¬, hmKvZ-Ø-a-

kolv temIØp shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc Ipcn-ip-aXw Xf-cp-

Itbm AXns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xnsb XS-bm-\m-hp-Itbm sNøpI-

bn-s√∂p \-_n(-k) ]h-Nn-®n- p-≠v. "kzeo_sb apdn-°¬'

hmKvZ-Ø-a-kolv aptJ-\-bmWv km[n-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xpw!

hmKvZ-Ø-a-ko-lns‚ ImeØv Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-Øns‚ kXy-

h-kvXp-X-I-sf√mw ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ßƒ

ssZhw Hcp-°p-sa-∂sX Cu ]h-N-\-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn- p≈ kqN-

\. ]ns∂-bmWv A¥yw hs∂-Øp-I. Ipcn-ip-a-X-Øns‚ Imem-

h[n AtXmsS Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. F∂m-eXp B

Im-a-I-amb bp≤w aptJ-\-b√; ]ns∂tbm? \ymb-hm-Z-ß-fp-

sSbpw I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fp-sSbpw cq]-Øn¬ temIØp shfn-

s∏-Sp∂ ssZhn-I-km-l-N-cy-ß-fm¬Ø-s∂. _pJm-cn-bnepw

a‰pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb lZo-Yns‚ Xm¬]-cyhpw CX-tX. AXp

sIm≠v, hmKvZ-Ø-a-kolv shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Imew-hsc Cu ZrjvSm-

¥-ßfpw \n¿Æm-b-I-km-£y-ß-fp-sa√mw kpKp-]vX-ß-fm-bn-

cn-t°-≠Xp A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-Xs∂


kw -hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. hmKvZ-Ø-]p-cp-js‚ ]mZp

¿`m-h-tØmsS C\n-b-tßm´p P\-ß-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ Xpd-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw Nn¥-I-∑m-sc√mw ]kvXpX ]iv\-sØ-°p-dn®p

Nn¥n-®p-Xp-S-ßp-Ibpw sNøpw. Fs¥-∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚

akolv sh-fn-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p! _p≤n-i-‡n-Iƒs°√mw C\n

Iq¿aw Iqt -≠-Xp-≠p. lrZ-b-ßƒ i≤m-_-≤-ß-fm-bn-cn-°-

s´. t]\-Iƒ Du¿÷-kz-e-ß-fmbn Nen-®p-Xp-S-ßp-Ibpw

thWw. kZr-Ø-∑m-cmb kXym-flm-°ƒ°v Xncn-®-dnhv ]Zm\w

sNø-s∏-Spw. hn\-b-io-e-sc√mw hnth-I-im-en-I-fm-bn-Øo-cpw.

Fs¥-∂m¬, kz¿§-Øn¬ Xnf-ßn-hn-f-ßp-∂Xp qan-sbbpw

]Zo-]vX-am-°m-Xn-cn-°n-√. Cu ]Im-c-Øn¬ ]¶p e`n°p-∂-

h-\mtcm Ah-\sX A\p-Kr-lo-X\pw mKy-hm\pw! Ime-Øn-

et√m ew Imbv°m-dv. At∏m-se-Xs∂ X°-k-a-bØv Znhy-

]-Im-ihpw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p. \n›n-X-Im-e-Øn-\p-aptº AXns\

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ B¿°pw Bhn-√. Ah-X-cn-°p-tºmƒ

AXns\ XS- -s∏-S-pØm\pw B¿°pw km≤y-a-√. A`n-]m-

b-hy-Xym-k-ßfpw X¿°-hn-X¿°-ß-fp-sa√mw D≠m-Ipw. F

¥m-bm-epw, HSp-hn¬ kXyw hnPbn-°pIXs∂thWw. F¥p-

sIm-s≠-∂m¬, CsXm∂pw a\p-jys‚ ]Wn-b-√. a\p-jy-]p-

X\v CXn¬ Hcp Iøpw C√! EXp-°-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠m-

°p-∂ Xpw ka-b-ßsf Nen-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]I-ens\ cmhpw

cmhns\ ]I-ep-am-°p-∂Xpw Btcm B ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p-

≈-XsX CsX√mw˛ Ah≥ A‘-Im-csØ ]S-®p, F¶nepw

]Im-isØ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. "in¿°v' (A\ymcm[\) tem

IØp \ne-\n-∂p-sIm-≈m≥ Ah-\-\p-h-Zn-°p∂p; F¶nepw

"Xulo-Zn's\˛G-I-ssZ-h-X-ØzsØ Ah≥ kvt\ln-°p-∂p.

Xs‚ alna a‰m¿s°-¶nepw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ah≥ C—n-

°p-∂n√! a\p-jy≥ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Ø-\mƒ sXm´p, temI-Øp-

\n-∂v Ah≥ C\n A]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ \mƒhsc ssZhw

Xulo-Zn-s\- -A-hs‚ GI-Xz-sØ˛ \ne-bp-d-∏n-°p∂p F∂-

XsX ssZhn-I-\o-Xn. a\p-jym-cm-[-\-tbbpw as‰√m hnK-lm-


cm-[-\-tbbpw XpS-®p-\o-°p-hm\pw ssZhm-cm-[-\sb kwÿm-

]n-°p-hm-\pam-bn- t√m kIe ]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw ssZhw

t]jWw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. "em Ceml C√-√mlv!' (A√m

lp A√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\n-√) F∂ Znhy-a¥w kz¿K-Øn-

se∂t]mse qan-bnepw ]Im-in-°p-am-dm-Im-\sX Ah-sc√mw

]mSp-s]- -Xv. Cu Znhy-kqXw Pm÷zeyam-\-ambn ]tim- n-

°p-am-dm-Im≥ k¿t∆m-]-cn-bmb kw`m-h-\-I-f¿∏n-®-Xm-tcm,

bp‡n-\ym-b-ß-fmepw Znhy-i-‡n-I-fmepw s]mbvssZ-h-ß-fp

sS \nt›-X-\-XzsØ Xpd-∂p-Im- p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS s]m≈-

Øcw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xm-tcm, Aßs\ F√mw

kpÿm-]n-X-am-°n-°-gn-™-ti-jw, em Ceml Ce-√mlp

apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√m-lv, (A-√mlp A√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-

\n-√, apl-ΩZv Ahs‚ ]hm-N-I-\-sX) F∂ a¥-Xqcyw

apg-°n-s°m≠v Xs‚bm \n¿Æm-b-I-hn-P-b-Øns‚ \nXy-kva-

cW \ne-bp-d-∏n-®-Xmtcm B almflmhsX B F√m ]hm-

N-I-∑m-cnepw AtK-k-c≥, ipjvI-iq-\y-amb Hcp shdpw apZm-

hm-Iy-am-bn- √ "em Ceml C√-√mlv' F∂v B -almflmhv

tLmjn-®-Xv. ]ns∂-tbm, BZy-a-t±lw sXfn-hp-I-sf-√mw- \n-

c-Øn-sh®p; A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS B_-≤y-ßsf Xpd-∂p-

Im-Wn-®p. F∂n p Xß-fpsS ]Xm-]sØ XI¿°p-Ibpw ]`m-

hsØ \new-]-cn-im-°p-Ibpw sNbvX B kXyssZ-h-Øn\p

]pdsa as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\n-s√∂p I¨Xp-d∂pt\m°m≥ P\-ß-

tfm-Sv B -]pWymflmhv Blzm\w sNbvXp. Cu kpÿm-]n-

X-amb bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ kvamc-I-sa-t∂mWw B DZm-Ø-

amb Znhy-kqXw B Znhym-flmhv ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

AXsX; "em Ceml C√-√m-lp, apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mlv'

F∂ Iena!


A[ymbw˛ 4

(NcnXKŸßfn¬\n∂v \ap°v e`n® sXfnhpIƒ)

Cu A[ymbØn¬ hnhn[ coXnbnep≈ sXfnhpIfp≠v. AXn\m¬

hy‡amb IaoIcWØn\v \mw CXns\ hnhn[ Imfißfmbn

Xncn®ncn°p∂p.

H∂mw Imfiwtbiphns‚ k©mcsØ ÿm]n°p∂ CkvemanI

KŸßfn¬\ns∂SpØn´p≈ sXfnhpIƒ

tbip k©m-cn-I-fpsS Xe-h≥

t]¿ky≥ mj-bn-ep≈ hnip-X-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-amb "duZ-

Øp- z- m-'bn¬ 130- 135 t]PpI-fn¬ ImWp∂ Nne kwK-

Xn-Iƒ NphsS hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp tN¿Øp- -sIm-≈p-∂p.

"Cu-km-\-_n°v akolv F∂ t]¿ \evI-s∏- Xv At±lw

hen-sbmcp k©m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. At±lw tcma-

\n¿an-X-amb inc-km-Sbpw Iºn-fn-b-¶nbpamWv [cn-°m-dp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂Xv. Iøn¬ Hcp Du∂p-h-Snbpw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

At±lw cmPym-¥-c-ß-fnepw \K-cw-tXmdpw Np‰n-Øn-cn-™p-

t]m-∂p. k‘y-bm-bm¬ FØn-bSw hni-an-°pw. h\-k-ky-

ßƒ £n-°p-Ibpw tNme-sh≈w IpSn-°p-Ibpw ]Z-bmX

\S-Øp-I-bp-amWv sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp bmX-bn¬ At±-l-Øn-

\p-th≠n Iq´p-Im¿ Hcp IpXn-csb hmßn. Hcp Znhkw

At±lw IpXn-c-∏p-dØv khmcn \S-Øn. IpXn-cbv°p Xo‰

sImSp-°m-\p≈ hI ImWm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v AXns\ Xncn-

®p\evIp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \m´n¬\n∂v bmX]pd-s∏´p \qdp-

I-W-°n¬ \mgn-I-b-Ise \ko-_bv≥ F∂n-SØv At±lw

FØn-t®¿∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS-Øs∂ GXm\pw injy-


∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahsc At±lw \K-c-Øn¬ D]-tZ-in-

°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-®p. \K-c-Øn¬ tbip-hn-s\bpw amXm-hn-s\

bpw ]‰n bYm¿∞hpw Ab-Ym¿∞-hp-amb Ht´sd ]kvXm-

h-ßƒ ]N-cn-®n-cn-°-pIbm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-Im-cWw \K-c- -c-

Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ injysc _‘-\-ÿ-cm-°p-Ibpw tbip-hns\

lmP-cm-°m≥ Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbip Nne-cpsS tcmK-

ßƒ A¤p-X-I-c-ambn kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw a‰p Nne -Zn-hym-

¤p-X-ßƒ ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXns\ XpS¿∂p \ko-

_bv≥ ]tZ-isØ cmPmhv ssk\y-ß-tfmSpw P\-ß-tfmSpw

H∏w At±-l-Øns‚ injy-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Jp¿-B-\nse

`£ym-h-X-c-W-IY Cu bmX-I-fn-te-Xm-Wv.'

CXmWv "duZØp- - m-'bnse hnh-c-W-Øns‚ Npcp-°w.

KŸ-I¿Ømhv tbip ImWn-®-Xm-bp≈ bp‡n-c-ln-Xhpw

A¿Y-iq-\y-hp-amb Ht´sd A¤p-X-Ir-Xy-ß-sf-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p-

≠v. Ak--Xy-ßfpw AXn-h¿Æ-\-I-fp-sa√mw hn´p-I-f™p

tbip Xs‚ bmX-bv°n-S-bn¬ \ko-_bv\nseØn-t®¿∂p

sh∂p a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ ASn-ÿm-\-h-kvXp-X-bn¬amXw

i≤ £Wn-®p-sIm-≈-s´. Cw•o-jp- q-]-S-ß-fn¬ \nkn_kv

(Nisibus) F∂p ImWn-®n- p≈ \ko_-bv≥, apkq-fn\pw (Mosul)

kndnbbv°panS-bn-emWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. kndn-b-bn¬\n∂p

t]¿jy-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-bn¬ bcp-i-te-an\p 450 \mgnIbI-

se-bp≈ \ko_bv-\n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-I-Ww. \ko-_bv-\n-

¬\n∂v 48 \mgnIbpw bcpit-e-an¬\n∂v 500 \mgn-Ibpw AI-

se-bmWv apkqƒ. apkq-fn¬\n∂v 100 \mgn-I -am-Xsa t]¿

jy≥ AXn¿Øn-bn-te°p Zqc-ap-≈q. F∂p-h-®m¬, \ko_bv-

\n¬\n∂v 150 \mgnI amXw. t]¿jy-bpsS Ing-°≥ AXn¿

Øn A vKm-\n-kvXm-\nse lndmØv (Herat) ]- -W-tØm SpsXm

´mWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv lndmØv, A vKm-\n-kvXm

s‚ ]Sn-™m-d≥ AXn¿Øn-bn¬ t]¿jy≥ ]tZ-i-Øn-∂-Sp-

Ømbn InS-°p-∂p. t]¿jy-bpsS ]Sn-™m-d≥ AXn¿Øn-


bn¬\n∂v lndm-Øn-tebv°p 900 \mgn-I-h-cpw. lndm-Øn¬

\n∂v Jbv_¿ ]m n-tebv°p 500 \mgn-I-bmWv Zqcw. tbip

k©-cn® am¿§w ImWn-°p∂ q]Sw t\m°pI.

Iivaocnte°p≈

Cukm\_nbpsS k©mcam¿§w

e≠≥ \nhmknbmb _bv≥a¿ F∂bmƒ 1650¬ Cw•ojn¬ X¿÷a sNbvX bp.kn._n.Fkv.F ssIkvXh bq\m\n NcnXw F∂ KŸØns‚ BZy A[ymbw 14˛mw ImfiØn¬ Hcp

IØp≠v. CXn¬\n∂pw a\ nemIp∂Xv A_vtKcokv F∂ cmPmhv ^ndmØv \ZnbpsS A°sc\n∂v lZvdØv Cukm(A)sb Xs‚ ASptØ°v £Wn®psh∂mWv. A_vtIcokv lZvdØv Cukmbv°v Ab® IØpw lZvdØv CukmbpsS adp]Snbpw Ifhpw AXnitbm‡n \nd™Xpam

sW¶nepw blqZnIfpsS tZmlw Adn™ B cmPmhv X\n°v hnhcw \evIm\mWv lZvdØv Cukmsb hnfn®ncp∂sX∂ bmYm¿∞yw a\ nemIp∂p≠v. At±lw kXy]hmNI\msW∂ hnNmcwcmPmhn\p≠mbncp∂p.


tbip Iivao-cn-te°v

Iivao-cn-te-bv°p≈ bmX-bn¬ tbip Ah-ew-_n® k

©m-c-]YamWv ]S-Øn¬ ImWn-®n- p-≈Xv. i¬a≥Z¿ cm Pmhv

taZy-mbn-tebv°v XS-hp-Im-cmbn \mSp-I-S-Ønb Ckmtb¬

°msc I≠p-ap- p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu bmX-bpsS Dt±-iyw. Inkv

Xym-\n-Iƒ ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb `q]-S-ß-fn¬ taZy-m, Jn¿kv

IS-en∂p (Azov) sX°p≈ ]tZ-i-am-bn- mWv ImWn-®n- p-≈-

Xv. Cu ]tZiw Ct∏mƒ t]¿ky (C-dm≥) Bbn Adn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p. t]¿ky-bpsS Ing-°≥ AXn¿Øn A vKm-\n-kvXm-

t\mSp sXm´p-In-S-°p-∂p. sX°p- m-KØv ISepw ]Sn-™mdv

Xp¿°n-km-am-Pyhpw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. duZØp z^mbnse

hnh-cWw icn-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ko-_bv-\n¬ \n∂v t]¿ky-bn-

eqsS A vKm-\n-kvXm-\n-tebv°p hcm\pw A vKm-\n-Iƒ

F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏- p-t]m-∂n-cp∂ ImWm-Xm-b PqZ-∑msc

kXy-Øn-tebv°v £Wn-°m\pamWv tbip Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂-sX-

∂mWv a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. "A vKm≥' F∂ ]Zw ln_p-hn¬

\n∂v \njv-]-∂-am-Wv. [oc≥ F∂¿∞ap≈ hm°mWv CXn

s‚ aqew. Xß-fpsS ]`m-h-Im-eØv Ah¿ kzoI-cn-®-Xm-bn-

cn-°Ww Cu t]¿.13

Npcp-°-Øn¬, A vKm-\nkvXm-\n-eqsS Cukm(A) ]

©m_nte°v h∂p. ]©m_pw lnµp-kvXm-\pw kµ¿in®v

]n ∂oSv Iivao-cn-tebv°p t]mIpI F∂Xmbncp∂p Dt±iyw.

Nn Xmƒ tÃ‰pw ]©m-_ns‚ Hcp mKhpamWv Iivao-cns\

A vKm-\n-kvXm-\n¬\n∂p th¿Xn-cn-bv°p-∂-Xv. A vKm-\n-

kvXm-\n¬ \n∂p Iivao-cn-tebv°p Hcmƒ ]©m-_n-eqsS

13. Pq-Z-∑m¿ Ah-km-\sØ ]hm-N-I\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ ]£w Ipsd IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ°ptijw Ah¿°v cmP-Xzhpw c-Wm-[n-Im-chpw \evI-s∏-Sp-sa∂pXud-mØn¬ Hcp ]h-N\w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bnkm-tb-ey-cnse ]Øp tKmX-ßƒ Ckvemw Ah-ew-_n-®-tXmsS Cu hmKvZØw ]pe¿∂p. AXpsIm≠mWvA vKm-\n-kvXm-\n-I-fnepw Iivao-cn-I-fnepw ]`m-h-im-en-I-fmb cmPm-°-∑m¿D≠mb-Xv.


bmX sNøp-tºmƒ 80 \mgn-Itbm 130 ssatem Zqcw k©cn-

t°-≠-nh-cpw.

tbip A vKm-\n-kvXm≥ hgn k©-cn-°m≥ \n›-bn-®Xv

_p≤n-]q¿∆-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. A vKm-\n-Isf∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-

s∏´ ImWm-sX-t]mb blq-Z-tKm-X-ßƒ°v AXp-sIm≠v

KpW-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂-t±lw Icp-Xn. Iivao-cns‚ Ing-°≥

AXn¿Øn Xn_-Øn-t\mSp tN¿∂p ap´p-∂p. Iivao-cn¬\n∂v

At±-l-Øn\v \njv]-bmkw Xn_-Øn-se-Ømw. ]©m-_n¬

]th-in-®-tijw Iivao-cn-tebvt°m Xn_-Øn-tebvt°m

t]mIp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº lnµp-kvXm-\nse ][m-\ -ÿ-e-ß-fnepw

Np‰n-k-©-cn-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\p ]bm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

AXpsIm≠v, Cu cmPy-Ønse Nne ]pcm-X\ Ncn-X-tc-J-I-

fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ]Imcw tbip t\∏mƒ, _\m-dkv XpS-

ßn-b- ÿe-ßƒ I≠n-cn-°m≥ hfsc km≤y-X-bp-≠v. PΩp-

h-gntbm dmh¬]n≠n am¿§-Øntem Iivao-cn-te°v t]mbn-cn-

°Ww. At±lw Hcp ioX-cm-Py-Ønse Bfm-I-bm¬ Cu

]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ssiXy-Im-eØv amXw Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw am¿®v

HSp-hntem G]n¬ BZy-Øntem Iivao-cn-te°v bmX-bm-hp-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. Iivao¿, iman\p (kn-dn-bbpw Np‰p-

h- hpw) kZr-iy-amb Hcp ]tZ-i-am-I-bm¬ At±lw Ahn-

sS-Øs∂ ÿncw tIµ-am-°n-bn- p-≠m-hmw. At±lw A vKm-

\n-kvXm-\nepw Ipd-®p-\mƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂n-cn°mw. AhnsS

hnhmlw sNbvXn- p-s≠-¶n¬ AXpw kw -hn-®p-Iq-Sm-bvI-bn-

√. A vKm-\n-I-fn¬ Hcp tKmX-Øns‚ t]¿Xs∂ ""Cukm-

tJ¬'' F∂m-Wv. Ah¿ Cukm-\-_n-bpsS k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-

bm-sW-∂p-h-∂mepw A¤p-X-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√. A vKm-\n-I-fpsS

NcnXw hfsc Ipg-™p-a-dn-™m-Wp-≈-sX-∂Xp Hcp ZpxJ-

k-Xy-a-sX. Ah-cpsS tKmX-hn-hc-ßƒ amXw hmbn®p J

fin-X-amsbmcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-se-ØpI hnj-a-am-Wv. F∂m¬,

A vKm-\n-Iƒ Iivao-cn-I-sf-t∏mseXs∂ Ckm-tb-ey-cm-


sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. Xß-fpsS KŸ-ß-

fn¬ CXn-s∂-Xn-cmb A`n-]m-b-ßƒ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-h¿

Atß-b‰w sX‰p[-cn-∏n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ hkvXp-X-I-sf-°p-dn-

®p≈ kq£va-]-T\w Ah¿ \S-Øo- n-√. Xßƒ Jbvkns‚

k¥-Xn-I-fm-sW∂p A vKm-\n-IƒXs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Jbvkv Ckm-tb-ey-\m-Wv. ChnsS Cu N¿® GXm-bmepw

\o´n-s°m≠pt]mtI≠ Bh-iy-an-√. Fs‚ Hcp KŸ-Øn¬

C°mcyw hni-Z-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn®pIgn-™n-´p-≠v. tbip

\ko_bv≥, A vKm-\n-kvXm≥, ]©m_v F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-

eqsS Iivao-cnepw Xn_-Ønepw \S-Ønb bmX-sb-°p-dn-®mWv

Rm≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kpZo¿L-am-b ]bm-W-ßƒ Imc

Ww tbip "k-©mcn ]hm-N-I≥' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p.

A√, k©m-cn-I-fpsS t\Xmhv F∂p-X-s∂. Bcn v _n√mlv

A_q_°¿ apl-Ω-Zv _n≥ aplΩZv _n-≥ A¬ heoZv

A¬^lvcn AXz¿Xzqin A¬a-men°n F∂ apkvenw ⁄m

\n Xs‚ "kndm-Pp¬ apeq°v' (a-IvXs_ Jbvcn-ø, CuPn

]vXv 1306 ln.) F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ 6˛mw mKØv C]-Imcw ]d-

bp-∂p:

""kmØzn-I-cpsS t\Xmhpw k©m-cn-I-fpsS Xe-h-\p-am-

bn-cp∂ "dqlp'√mbpw "Ien-a-Øp√m'bpamb Cukm FhnsS?''

AXmbXv, At±lw acn-®p-t]mbncn°p∂p. At±-lsØt]m

ep≈ alm-\mb Hcmƒ°pt]mepw Cu temIw hn´p-]n-cn-tb-

≠n-h-∂n- p-s≠-∂p-X-s∂. Cu alm-]-fin-X≥ tbip-hn-s\-

∏‰n "k©mcn' F∂p amX-a√ "k©m-cn-I-fpsS Xe-h≥'

F∂p-IqSn hnfn-°p-∂p-s≠∂ Imcyw i≤m¿l-am-Wv.

""F√m-bvt∏mgpw Np‰n-k-©n-cn-°p-Ibpw Hcp ÿm\Øv

ÿnc-ambn ]m¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emWv

tbip-hn\v akolv F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv'' F∂v

"enkm\p¬ Ad_v' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ 461- mw mKØv tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-°m-Wp-∂p. "XmPp¬ Adq-kv' F∂ "idlv Jmaq-


kn'epw C]-Imcw Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. \∑bpw A\p-

K-lhpw \evI-s∏- -bm-fmWv ""akolv''. F∂ph®m¬, At±-

l-Øns‚ kv]¿i-\w-t]mepw A\p-Krlo-X-am-bn-cn-°p-amdv

AX-b-[nIw Cu KpW-ßƒ At±-l-Øn\v \evI-s∏- n-cn-°p-

∂p. A√mlp Ah-\n-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂h¿°v Cu \maw \evIp-∂-

Xn-\m-emWv tbip-hn\pw Cu \maw \evI-s∏- -Xv. CXn-s∂-

Xn-cn¬ as‰mcp "akolv' IqSn-bp-≠v. B ako-lns‚ kv]

¿i\w i]n-°-s∏- -X-tX. F∂p-h-®m¬, Xn∑bpw im]-hp-amWv

B ako-lns‚ ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn- p-≈-Xv. Ahs‚

kv]¿i\w Xn∑-bp-sSbpw im]-Øn-s‚bpw A‘-Imcw ]c-

Øpw. Z÷m-en\pw Ah-s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h¿°pamWv Cu

t]¿ \evI-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. "k©m-cn-bmb akolv' F∂pw

"A\p-K-ln°-s∏´ akolv' F∂p-ap≈ t]cp-Iƒ ]c-kv]c

hncp-≤-a-√. H∂p at‰-Xns‚ aqeyw \in-∏n-°p-∂n-√. ssZh

samcmƒ°v H∂n-e-[nIw t]¿ \evIp-∂Xpw Ah-sb√mw B

Bƒ°v tbmPn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw ssZhn-I-amb ]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-

bn¬s∏- -Xm-Ip-∂p. Npcp-°n∏d™m¬, tbip k©m-cn-sb-

∂-\n-e-bn¬ Ckvem-anI Ncn-X-Øn¬ sXfn™p Ign-™n-cn-

°p-∂p. AØcw KŸ-ß-fn¬\n-s∂-√mw B hnh-c-ßƒ

]I¿sØ-Sp-°m-sa∂ph®m¬ AXp-Xs∂ Hcp Iq‰≥ KŸ-

am-Ipw. Rm\n-Xbpw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≈-XpXs∂ hkv XpX

sXfn-bn-°m≥ [mcmfw aXn.


c≠mw Imfiw

_p≤-aX KŸ-ß-fn¬

tbip ]©m-_v, Iivao¿ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ h∂n-

cn-°-W-sa∂v sXfn-bn®p Im´m≥ aXn-bmb ]e-Xcw km£y-

ßƒ _p≤-a-X-°m-cpsS ]pWy-K-Ÿ-ßƒ \ap°v \evIp-∂p-

s≠-∂Xp Hcp kXy-h-kvXp-X-bm-Ip-∂p. \njv]-£-cmb Bfp-

Iƒ AXp ]Tn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS a-\- n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-

Ønb Bi-b-ß-fpambn Ahsb X´n®p-t\m-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-

tijw apI-fn¬∏-d™ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-am-dm-Ip-

∂-Xn\v Rm\m sXfn-hp-Iƒ ChnsS \nc-Øn-hbv-°mw.

H∂p, _p≤\p \evI-s∏´ ÿm\-t∏-cp-I-sf√mw tbip-

hn\v \evI-s∏´ t]cp-I-tfmSv XnI®pw kmay-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv.

_p≤s‚ Po-hn-X-Ønse kw -h-ß-sf√mw tbip-hns‚ Pohn-

X-Ønepw \S-∂n- p≈Xnt\mSp kmZr-iy-ap-≈-Xmbpw ImWmw.

telv, em m, Kn¬Kn-Øv, lnankv XpSßn Xn_-Ø≥ AXn

¿Øn-bn¬s]Sp∂ ]tZ-iØp≈ _p≤-a-X-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv

ChnsS kqN-\. Cu ]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ tbip k©-cn-®n-cp-∂-

Xm-bn- mWv sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.14 t]cp-I-fn-ep≈ kmaysØ

kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw DZm-l-c-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂Xp CXmWv: tbip Xs∂-∏‰n "shfn®w' BsW∂p ]d-

bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ KuX-a-s\-∏‰n "_p≤≥' F∂v ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-

°p-∂p. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ CXn\v shfn®w F∂¿∞-ap-≠v.

tbi-p-hn-s\-∏‰n "Kpcp' F∂p ]d-b-s∏- Xv t]mse _p≤-s\-

14. tbip AYhm Cutim Iivao¿, eUm-°v, Xn_Øv F∂√, at≤y-jy-bn-seßpw k©-cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂p Bfp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ _e-amb hnizm-k-ap-≠v.At±lw C¥y kµ¿in®psh∂p-IqSn Nne¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. CXn-s\-∏‰nH∂pw Xo¿Øp-]-d-™p-Iq-Sm. F¶nepw tbip-hns‚ Poh-N-cnXw kq£n-®p-]-Tn-®n- p≈ an° ]mam-Wn-I-∑mcpw At±lw C¥y-bntem at≤y-jy-bntem h∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ AX-X-sbm∂pw Akw- m-hy-am-sW∂ptXm∂p-∂n-√.'' (P-h-l¿em¬ s\lvdp hniz-N-cn-Xm-h-tem-Iw, m. 11-5) hnh:


∏‰n imkvXmhv AYhm "Kpcp' F∂p ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p.

tbip-hn-s\-∏‰n kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ "A\p-K-ln-°-s∏- -h≥'

F∂p ImWmw. _p≤-s\-∏‰n "kpK-X≥' (A-\pKr-lo-X≥)

F∂p ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-hn-s\-∏‰n "cmP-Ip-am-c≥'

F∂p ]d-™n- p-≠v. _p≤\pw cmP-Ip-am-c≥ BWv. Xs‚

"hc-hns‚ Dt±iyw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h≥' F∂v tbip-hn-s\-

∏‰n kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xp-t]mse _p≤-

≥ "kn≤m¿∞≥' AYhm Dt±iyw km[n-®-h≥ F∂p hnfn-

°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. "X-f¿∂-h\v A`bw \evIp-∂-h≥' Bbn

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ tbip-hn-s\-∏‰n hnhcn®n´p≈Xpt]mse

"AicWicW≥' F∂v _p≤s\∏‰n _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-

fnepw ]d-™p-Im-Wmw. tbiphns\-∏‰n "cmPmhv' F∂p kphn-

ti-j-ß-fn-ep-≈Xp ]Imcw˛ CX-t±lw kz¿K-cm-Py-Ønse

"cmPmhv' F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv hymJym-\-n®n- p-≈-sX-¶nepw

˛ _p≤-s\-∏-‰nbpw "cmPmhv' F∂p ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p.

Pohn-X-kw- -h-ß-fn-ep≈ XmZmflyw C]-Im-c-amWv: tbip

kmØ-m\m¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏- -Xp-t]mse _p≤\pw ]co-£n-

°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. Pohn-X-Ønse IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ Dt]-£n®p

ho´n-tebv°v aS-ßn-bm¬ cmP-Io-b-amb ]uVnbpw as‰√m

kpJ-ßfpw e`n-°p-sa∂p ]d™p ]nimNv _p≤s\ ]tem-

`n-∏n®p. tbip kmØm\p hg-ßm-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse _p≤\pw

hg-ßn-bn-s√∂p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (Sn.-U-ªyp. ssdkv

tUhn-Uvkns‚ "_p≤nkw', k¿ tamWy¿ hneywkv Fgp-Xn

b "_p≤nkw' F∂o KŸ-ßƒ ImWpI)15

]nim-Nns‚ ]co-£Ww

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ tbip X\n-°mbn kzoI-cn® ÿm\-

t∏-cp-Iƒ, hneyw-kn-\m¬ cNn-°-s∏´ _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬

AtX-]Sn _p≤-\nepw Btcm-]n-®n- p-s≠-∂Xv Cu kwKXn15. Budhism - T. W. Rhys Davids, Budhism - Sir Monier Willians. Also seeChinese Budhism - Edkins; Budha - Oldenberg, translated by W. Hoey;Life of Budha - translated by Rickill


hy‡-am°nØcp-∂p. tbip-hns\ ]nimNv ]co-£n-®-Xp-t]m

se _p≤\pw ]co-£n-°-s∏´Xmbn Cu KŸ-ßƒ ]d-™p-

X-cp-∂p. InkvXob kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ tbip-hns\ ]nimNp

]co-£n-®-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnh-c-WsØbv°mƒ Zo¿Ln-®-

XmWv _p≤-s\-∏‰n Cu KŸ-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ hnh-c-ßƒ.

sFiz-cyhpw cmP-Io-b-]u-Vnbpw _p≤-s‚ ap≥]n¬ ]nimNv

sh®p-Im- n-b-t∏mƒ _p-≤-≥ hoń-te°v aS-ßm≥ Hcp-ßn-sb-

¶nepw Cu taml-Øn\v ASn-s∏- n-√. F∂m¬, AtX ]nimNv

At±-lsØ ho≠pw cmXn-bn¬ I≠p-ap- n-b-t∏mƒ Abm-tfm-

sSm∏w apgp-h≥ k¥m-\-ß-sfbpw H∂n®p sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw

òj-W-cq-]-ßƒ Imń t]Sn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ]n

im-Np-°ƒ ]mºp-I-fpsS tIme-ß-fn¬ ]tXy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

Ah-bpsS apJ-Øp-\n∂v Xo han°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B

"]mº-p-Iƒ' Xobpw hnjhpw At±-l-Øns‚ t\¿°v No‰n.

F∂m¬, Ah-bpsS hnjw ]pjv]-ß-fmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏- p.

Xobm-Is´ _p≤s‚ Xe-°p-Np‰pw ]`m-]-cn-th-j-ambn amdn.

]nimNv C]-Imcw hnP-bn-°msX h∂-t∏mƒ, Xs‚ ]Xn-

\mdv ]pXn-amsc hnfn®v Xß-fpsS apgp-h≥ kuµ-cy-ßfpw

_p≤-\-p- ap-ºn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°m≥ Iev]n-®p. F∂n´pw At±-

l-Øns‚ a\- nf-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. kmØm≥ Aßs\

Xs‚ Dt±-iy-Øn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏- -t∏mƒ a‰p am¿§-ß-f-h-ew-

_n-®p. F¶n-epw, ÿnX-]-⁄-\mb _p≤s\ Ati-jhpw

am‰m≥ Ign-™n-√. _p≤-\m-Is´, Bflo-b-X-bpsS Db-c-ß-

fn¬ Db¿∂p-b¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Zo¿L-amb cmXnbv°p

tijw F∂p-h-®m¬, \o≠Xpw hnj-a-]q¿Æ-hp-amb ]co-

£-Iƒ°ptijw _p≤≥ ]nim-Nns‚ta¬ Pbw t\Sn. ⁄m

\-sh-fn®w At±-l-Øns‚ta¬ ]Im-in-®p. ]`mXw ]pe¿∂-

tXmsS F∂ph®m¬, ]co-£-I-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-\m-b-tXmsS

At±lw kw -hn-®-sX-√m-a-dn-™p. Cu h≥k-acw Ah-km-

\n® Znh-k-amWv _p≤-a-X-Øns‚ ]nd-hn-\mƒ. B ka-bØv


KuX-a≥, "_p≤≥' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏- p. At±lw GsXmcp

hr£-Øns‚ Iogn¬ At∏mƒ [ym\-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cp-∂pthm

B hr£-Øn\v "t_m[nhr£w' F∂p t]cmbn.

\nßƒ ss__nƒ Xpd-∂p-t\m-°n-bm¬ tbip-hns\

]nimNv ]co-£n-®-Xn-t\mSv _p≤s\ Zp¿`q-X-ßƒ ]co-£n®

kw -h-ßƒ°v FX-tØmfw kmay-ap-s≠∂v a\- n-em-°m≥

Ign-bpw. _p≤s‚ hb v At∏mƒ tbip-hns‚ AtX hb v

Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWmw. ]nimNv _p≤s‚ apºn¬

Zriy-amb PU-cq-]-Øn-e√ shfn-s∏- n-cp-∂-sX∂pw _p≤-a-X-

K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂p. AXv _p≤\pamXw A\p-

-h-s∏´ Hcp Zriy-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]nim-Nns‚ mjWw Hcp Zpjv]-

tNm-Z\w Bbn-cp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, kz¥-am¿§w ssIhn- p- Xs∂

]n¥p-S¿∂p-sIm-≈-W-sa∂pw F∂m¬, qtem-I-Ønse apgp-

h≥ kºØpw \evIp-sa∂pw ]nimNv _p≤-t\mSp ]d-™p.

C]-ImcwXs∂, ]nimNv blq-Z-cpsS apºn-eqsS sXcp-hp-Ifpw

CS-h-gn-Ifpw Xm≠n-°-S∂v PU-cq-]-Øn¬ a\p-jy-t°m-e-

Øn¬ tbip-hn\v ]Xy-£-s∏- p. IqSn-bn-cp-∂-h-sc√mw tIƒ

s° tbip-hn-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°p-I-b√ D≠m-b-sX-∂mWv Inkv

Xob ]fin-X-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. t\tc-a-dn®v tbip-hn\v

amXw A\p- -h-s∏´ Hcp Znhy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ (Iiv v) cq]Øn

emWv ]nim-Np-am-bp≈ B A`n-apJw kw -hn-®-Xv. Ah¿°n-

S-bn-ep-≠mb kw`m-j-Whpw Ai-cocn-cq-]-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. lrZ-

b-Øn¬ Zp¿a-¥Ww sNøp-I-bmWv ]nim-Nns‚ coXn. F∂m

¬, tbip AXn\v hg-ßn-s°m-Sp-°msX ]nim-Nns‚ \n¿t±-

i-ßƒ \ncm-I-cn-®p.

_p≤\pw tbip-hpw XΩn¬ CX-tbsd kmZr-iy-ßƒ

D≠m-b-sX-ßs\ F∂Xv Xptemw Nn¥m¿l-amb Hcp ]iv\-

am-Wv. C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-°n-S-bn¬ tbip _p≤-a-X-sØ-

°p-dn®v Adn-bm-\n-S-bm-hp-Ibpw _p≤s‚ PohnX bmYm¿∞y-

sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-hp-Iƒ t\Snb tijw Xs‚ \m´n¬ Xncn-


s®Øn kphn-ti-j-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsh∂mWv

Bcy-k-am-Pn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. _p≤s‚ [¿tΩm]tZ-i-ßƒ

tbip Is -SpØp kz¥-Øn¬ Xt‚-Xmb [¿tΩm-]-tZ-i-ßƒ

\n¿Ωn-°p-I-bm-Wp≠mb-X-sX! _p≤≥ Xs∂∏‰n shfn®w

F∂pw ⁄m\w F∂pw ÿm\-t∏-cp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®-Xp-t]mse

B ÿm\-t∏-cp-I-sf√mw tbip X∂nepw Btcm-]n-®p. FX-

tØm-f-sa-∂m¬, _p≤s‚ ]co-£-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ \o≠ IY-

t]mepw Xt‚-Xm-°n-Øo¿Øp. CXp-]t£, Bcy-k-am-Pn-I-

fpsS Hcp I‰p-sI- p-am-X-am-Wv. Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-Øn-\p-aptº

tbip C¥y-bn¬h∂psh∂Xv XnI®pw Ab-Ym¿∞-am-Ip-

∂p. B Ah-k-c-Øn¬, At±lw AØ-c-samcp Zo¿L-]-

bmWw \S-tØ≠ Hcp Imcy-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬,

imwtZisØ (]e-kvXo≥) PqX-∑m¿ Xs∂ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw

Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-]-Imcw Iq-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ At±-

l-Øn\v AXns‚ Bh-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-Xm-\pw. F∂m¬,

kpµ-c-amb Cu ssZhn-I-X¥w ChnsS At±-l-Øns‚ c£bv-

s°-Øn. C]-Imcw PqX∑m-tcm-Sp≈ A\p-I-ºbpw Ah¿°p-

]-tZ-in-°p∂ Imcy-Øn-ep≈ Xs‚ DXv°-WvTbpw \jvS-s∏-

-t∏mƒ PqX∑m¿ Ah-cpsS Zpjv]IrXn \nanØw kXyw

kzoI-cn-°m≥ sIev]n-√mØhn[w lrZ-b-Im-Tn\yw _m[n-®-

h-cmbn Xo¿∂n-cp∂Xn\mepw, PqX-∑m-cn¬s∏´ ]Øp tKmX-

ßƒ C¥y-bn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ssZhw At±-

lsØ Adn-bn-®-X-\p-k-cn®pw B ]tZ-i-tØ°v At±lw

bmX]pd-s∏- p. PqX∑m-cn¬s∏´ Nne kwL-ßƒ CXn-\Iw

_p≤-aXw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\mepw Cu kXy-]-hm-N-I-\v,

Xs‚ i≤ B _p≤-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsSt\sc Xncn-°p-I-b-

√msX \nh¿Øn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. B cmPy-Ønse _p≤-a-

X-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m¿ _p≤-\mb anin-lm-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw

]Xo-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXpsIm≠v, tbip-

hns‚ ÿm\-t∏-cp-Ifpw "\ns‚ iXpsh kvt\ln-°pI,

Xn∑sb FXn-cn-SmbvI' F∂n-XymZn [¿tΩm-]-tZ-i-ßfpw KuX-


a-_p-≤≥ ]h-Nn-®-Xn≥hÆw tbip-hns‚ shfpØ \ndhpw

XpSßn F√m AS-bm-f-ßfpw ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°-≠-t∏mƒ

_u≤-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m¿ tbipsh _p≤-\m-bn-Xs∂ IcpXn

kzoIcn-®p.

tbip-hns‚ Nne ÿm\-t∏-cp-Ifpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw Pohn-

X-h-kvXp-X-Ifpw Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm A°m-eØv

_p≤-\n¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏- n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. Fs¥-∂m¬, Ncn

Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ lnµp-°ƒ henb Xm¬

]cyw ]Z¿in-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn sXfn-bn-°-s∏- n- n-√. tbip-hns‚

Imewhscbpw _p≤s‚ Pohn-X-kw- -h-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s∏- n-cp-∂n-√. AXn\m-¬, Xß-fm-K-ln-°p-∂-sX¥pw _p≤-

\n¬ Btcm-]n-°m≥ _p≤-aX ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°v \√ Ah-

kcw Bbn-cp-∂p. C]-Imcw tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn

®pw [m¿Ωn-tIm-]-tZ-i-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Adn-bm-\n-S-bm-b-t∏mƒ,

Ah¿ Xß-fpsS at\m-hn-em-k-Øn-s\m-Øv a‰p ]e-Xn-t\msSm

∏w Ch-bpw _p≤-\n¬ Btcm-]n-®p.16 ss__n-fnse [¿tΩm-

]-tZ-i-ßfpw shfn®w XpS-ßnb tbip-hns‚ Nne ÿm\-

t∏-cp-Ifpw kmØms‚ ]co-£-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ IYbpw a‰pw

_p≤-\n¬ Btcm-]n®p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-°m-Wp-∂-sX√mw

_p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ Fgp-Xn-t®¿ØXpw Ipcn-ip-k-w`hm-\-

¥cw tbip Cu cmPyØph∂ Ime-Øm-sW∂p Rm-\n-

t∏mƒ sXfn-bn®p ImWn-°mw.

_p≤\pw tbiphpw XΩn¬ as‰mcp kmayhpw IqSn-bp-

≠v. ]co-£-bpsS \mfp-I-fn¬ _p≤≥ D]-hm-k-Øn-em-bn-

cp∂psh∂v _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. B D]-hmkw

\mev]Xp Znhkw \o≠p-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. tbiphpw \mev]Xp

16. _p≤-a-X-Øn¬ hfsc aptºXs∂ hen-sbmcp `mKw [m¿ΩnI]mT-ßƒAS-ßn-bn-cp∂psh∂ hkvXpX \mw \ntj-[n-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬, kphn-ti-j-ß-fnse A\ym-]tZ-i-ßfpw D≤-c-WnI-fp-a-S-ßnb mK-ßƒ \n w-ibw lZvdØvakolv C¥ybn¬h∂ ImeØv _p≤aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ Iq´n-t®¿Ø-h-bm-sW-∂mWv Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.


\mƒ D]-h-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn kphn-ti-j-ßƒ hmbn-®h¿ Hm¿

°p-a-t√m.

Rm\n-t∏mƒ ]kvXm-hn-®-Xn≥hÆw _p-≤-t‚bpw tbip-

-hn-s‚bpw [m¿Ωn-tIm-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ kmayw

c≠pw ]Tn-®n- p-≈-hsc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.

Xn∑sb FXn¿s°m-√, iXpsh kvt\ln-°p-I, Zcn-Z-\mbn

Pohn-°p-I, Alw- m-hw, If-hv, AXym¿Øn F∂nh ssIsh-

Sn-bpI F∂n-ßs\ kphn-ti-j-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂-

bmWv _p≤-t‚-bpw ]mT-ßƒ. A√, _p≤≥ C°m-cy-ß-ƒ

IqSp-X¬ Du∂n-∏-d-™p. FX-tØm-f-sa-∂m¬ GXp-Po-hn-

tbbpw Hcp Fdp-ºn-t\tbm sNdp-]m-Wn-tbtbm t]mepw sIm

√p-∂Xp ]m]-am-Wv. temI-tØmSp apgp-h≥ A\p-Iº ImWn-

°p-I, a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-t‚bpw P¥p-Pm-e-ß-fpsS-t]mepw

t£aw Imw£n-°p-I, sFIyhpw ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw hf¿

Øp-I Ch-bmWv _p≤-a-X-Øns‚ apg®p \nev°p∂ ]tXyI

]mT-ßƒ. CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv kphn-tijßfp-sSbpw ]mT-ßƒ.

tbip Xs‚ injy-∑m-sc hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn-te°v D]-tZ-in-

°m≥ Ab-®p. Xm\pw Cu D]-tZ-i-ß-fp-ambn Hcp cmPy-tØ

°p ]pd-s∏- p. _p≤\pw C]-ImcwXs∂ injy-∑msc hnhn[

cmPy-ß-fn-te°v Ab-®-Xmbn tamWy¿ hneywkv _p≤aXw

F∂ Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-tcm-S-t±lw ]d

™p: "A\y-cm-Py-tØ°p ]pd-s∏´p t]mI. F√m mK-tØ

°pw \oßn-s°mƒI. temI-Øns‚ ZpxJ-a-I-‰m\pw tZh-X-I-

fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw t£a-Øn-\mbpw H‰-s°m-‰°v hnhn

[cq]-Øn¬ ]pd-s∏ v sN√p-I. ]q¿Æ-ssh-cm-Kn-bm-bn-cn-°p-

hm\pw lrZ-b-ip-≤n-bp-≈-h-cm-Im\pw _“-Ncyw AYhm Nm

cn-Xyhpw \n w-K-Xbpw ssIs°m-≈m\pw D]-tZ-in-°pI'. Rm

\pw Cu XØz-ßƒ D]-tZ-in-°p-hm-\mbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm

sW∂pw At±lw Iq´n-t®¿Øp (a-lm-h-§).17

17. Budhism - Sir, Monier Williams - published by John Murray, Lond. 1889,p.45


_p≤-a-X-°m-cn¬ akolv

Cu [m¿ΩnI]mT-ßfpw Cu ]t_m-[\ ssienbpw ˛

AXm-bXv D]am IY-Ifpw a‰pw BWv tbip-hns‚ khn-

tijcoXn-Iƒ. Cu ]t_m-[\ ssien-tbmSpw kZm-Nmc ]mT-

ß-tfmSpw a‰p Nne kmlNcy-ßƒIqSn tN¿∂t∏mƒ AXv

tbip-hns‚ A\p-I-cWw Xs∂-sb∂v Ffp∏w a\- n-em-

°m≥ klm-b-I-am-bn. tbip ChnsS C¥y-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. At±lw sN∂n-S-sØ√mw D]-tZ-i-]-kwKw \S-Øn.

_p≤-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-lsØ I≠p-ap- n-b-t∏mƒ At±

lw A¤p-X-Ir-Xy-ßƒ ImWn-°p-I-aqew Hcp Znhym-flm-hm-

sW∂p a\- n-em°n Ah¿ AsX√mw Xß-fpsS ]pWy-K-

Ÿ-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. A√, At±lw _p≤≥ Xs∂-sb

∂pw Ah¿ tLmjn-®p. \√-Im-cy-ßƒ FhnsS I≠mepw

kz¥-am-°p-I-sb-∂Xv a\p-jy-kz- m-h-am-W-t√m. Ctß-b‰w

kma¿∞y-ap≈ hm°v Bsc-¶n-epw ]d-™p-tI- m¬ AXv

Hm¿Ωn-°m\pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Bfp-Iƒ ian-°p-∂p. A

Xn\m¬, kphn-tij NnXo-I-c-W-ßƒ AXbpwXs∂ Xß-

fpsS ]pWyKŸ-ß-fn¬ ]p\x-]-km-[\w sNøm≥ _p≤-a-

X-°m¿ ian-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, tbiphpw _p≤

\pw c≠p-t]cpw \mev]Xp Znhkw D]-h-kn-®Xv, c≠p-t]cpw

]co-£n-°-s∏- -Xv, c≠p-t]cpw ]nXm-hn-√msX P\n-®-Xv, Ccp-

h-cp-sSbpw [m¿ΩnI ]mT-ßƒ, c≠p-t]cpw Xß-sf-∏‰n "shfn

®w' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv, Xßsf "Kpcp' F∂pw Iq´p-Imsc

"injy¿' F∂pw hnfn-®-Xv, Ch-sb√mw kmay-ap≈ Imcy-ß-

fm-Wv. "aØmbn' 10˛mw A≤ymbw 8Dw 9Dw hN-\-ß-fn¬

"s]m∂pw sh≈nbpw ]n®-fbpw \nß-fpsS Ioi-bn¬ Icp-X-

cp-Xv' F∂v Iev∏n® ]Imcw _p≤\pw Xs‚ injy-tcmSp I

ev]n-®-Xmbn ImWmw. tbip _“-N-cysØ D]-tZ-in-®-Xp-t]m

se _p≤\pw D]-tZ-in-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in-

te-‰n-b-t∏mƒ Hcp qIºw D≠m-b-Xp-t]mse _p≤s‚ Nc-a-


th-f-bnepw Hcp qIºw kw -hn-®p. Cu kam\ hkvXp-X-I-

sf√mw tbip C¥y kµ¿in®psh∂ bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬\n-

∂mWv kap¬ -hn-°p-∂-Xv. _p≤-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-Isf kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXv Ah¿s°mcp ku`m-Ky-Øns‚ Awiw

]Zm\w sNbvXp. \o≠ Ime-tØmfw Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ tbip

]t_m-[\w sNbvX-Xn-\m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-tØbpw

A≤ym-]-\-ß-tfbpw Ipdn®v \√-hÆw ]Tn-°m≥ Ah¿°v

km[n®p. AXp-Im-c-Ww, tbip-hns‚ hen-b- mKw ]mT-ßfpw

BNm-c-kw-kvIm-c-ßfpw _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-am-

dm-bXv A\n-hmcyw amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, tbip-hns\

Ah¿ _p≤-\m-bn- mWv kzoI-cn-®m-Z-cn-®n-cp∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬

Ch¿ At±-l-Øns‚ Xncp-sam-gn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS KŸ-ß-fn¬

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah _p≤-\n¬ Btcm-]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

A\ym-]-tZ-i-ßƒtbip-hns\t∏mse-Øs∂ _p≤\pw Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°v

D]am IY-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv D]-tZ-in-®n-cp-∂-Xv F∂Xv A¤p-

Xm-h-l-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hnti-jn®pw kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ImW-

s∏-Sp∂ AtX A\ym-]-tZ-i-ßƒ (Parables). C-Øcw D]-am-I-

Y-I-fn¬ H∂n¬ _p≤≥ C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ""I¿j-I¿

hnØp-hn-X-bv°p∂p. F∂m¬, s\√v C∂v apf-°p-sat∂m

\msf s]mSn®p hf-cp-sat∂m ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. Hcp injys‚

\nebpw CXp-X-s∂. Ah≥ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn-°-Ww. [ym\-

N- -ßƒ ]men-°-Ww. kqX-ßƒ ]Tn-°-Ww. Ct∂m \m

sftbm Xm≥ tam£w ]m]n-°p-sa∂v AYhm ]md-ta¬ hnX-

dnb hnØp-t]mse BIptam F∂v Ah\p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√.''18

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ C∂pw ImWm≥ km[n-°p∂ AtX

D]am IY-bm-Wn-sX∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-an√.

18. Budhism - Monier Williams - p. 51


_p≤≥ as‰mcp D]am IY ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv: ""Hcp

am≥Iq´w Im´n¬ btYjvSw Ign-bp-∂p. At∏mƒ Hcmƒ h

s∂Øn AXns‚ \mi-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn Xpd-∂p-sh-°p-∂p.

HSp-hn¬ AXv sIWn-bn¬ AI-s∏ v acn-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂p.

as‰m-cmƒ h∂v \√ hgn Xpd-∂p-sh-°p-∂p. F∂p h®m¬,

Abmƒ ta®n¬ Hcp-°p-∂p. IpSn-°m≥ sh≈-Øn-\p-th≠n

Nmep Iodp-∂p. Ah kt¥m-j-tØmsS Pohn-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p.

C]-ImcwXs∂ a\p-jys‚ ÿnXn-bpw. Ah≥ kpJ-Øn-

em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ kmØm≥ IS-∂p-h∂p \mi-Øn-te-

°p≈ Xn∑-bpsS F´p-h-gn-Ifpw Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂p. At∏mƒ ]cn-

]q¿Æ-\mb Bƒ h∂p kXy-Øn-s‚bpw ZrV hnizmk-Øn-

s‚bpw c£-bpsSbpw F´p hgn-Iƒ Ah¿°mbn Xpd-∂p-sh-

°p∂p˛ Ah¿ c£-s∏-Sm≥th-≠n.'' (Olden berg, 191-192)

_p-≤≥ ]ns∂bpw ]d™p: ""kmØzn-IX kpc-£n-X-am

sbmcp \n[n-bm-Ip-∂p. AXm¿°pw Ih¿® sNøm≥ km[y-

a-√. ac-W-Øn-\p-ti-jhpw a\p-jys\ A\p-K-an-°p∂ \n[n-

bm-W-Xv; F√m ⁄m\-ß-fp-sS-bpw, F√m ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bp-

sSbpw Dd-hn-S-amb \n[n-bm-W-Xv.''

CXp-X-s∂-bmWv kphn-ti-j-ß-fp-sSbpw ]mT-sa∂v Im

Wm≥ ]bm-k-an-√. Cu D]-tZ-i-ß-f-S-ßp∂ ]pcm-X\ _p≤-

aX tcJ-Iƒ tbip-hns‚ Ime-Øn\v hf-sc-sbm∂pw aptºbp-

≈-X-√˛ A√, AXv AtX Ime-L- -Øn¬Ø-s∂-bp-≈-X-sX.

Xs‚ Ip‰-a‰ Pohn-X-sØ-∏‰n B¿°pwXs∂ Xs‚ kz`m-h-

]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ Hcp If-¶hpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m-\m-hn-s√∂v ]kv

Xm-hn-®-Xmbn CtX ]pkvX-I-Øn¬Øs∂ 135- mw `mKØv

ImWp-∂p. CXpw tbip-hns‚ Acp-f-∏m-Sn-t\mSp XnI®pw kZr-

i-am-bn- p-≈-X-tX.19

"_p≤-aXw' (Budhism) F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ 45- mw mKØv

19. ""\nß-fn¬ B¿ Fs∂ ]m]-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[yw-h-cp-Øp-∂p?'' (tbml.8:46)- -hnh:


]d-bp∂p: ""_p≤s‚ [m¿ΩnI ]mT-ßƒ°v InkvXp-a-X-Øn

s‚ ]mT-ß-tfmSv ]Xy-£-amb kmay-ap-≠v.''

Rm\nXv kΩ-Xn-°p∂p, Cu temIsØ kvt\ln-s°m-

√, Cu temI-Ønse kº-Øn-t\bpw kvt\ln-s°m-√, iXp-

hns\ shdp-s°m√; Xn∑ ]h¿Øn-s°m√; Xn∑sb \∑-sIm

≠p Pbn-°pI. "\nß-tfmSp sNøm≥ \nß-fn-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

\nß-f-tßm´pw sNøp-I.' F∂n-ßs\ Ccp-hcpw ]d-™p.

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-tebpw _p≤-[¿Ω-Øn-tebpw ]mT-ß-fn-ep

≈ ]Xy-£-amb Cu kmcq]y kmZr-iy-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ D≤-

cn-®p-Im-t´≠ Bhiyaps≠∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√.

"aØnb' (Metteyya) F∂ t]cn-ep≈ as‰m-cp _p≤s‚ B

hn¿`m-hsØ∏‰n KuXa_p-≤≥ ]h-Nn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn _p≤-

aX KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. Cu ]h-N\w "e§m-

hXn kpØ' F∂ _u≤-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

HmƒU≥ _¿Kns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ 142- mw mKØv Cu ]h-

N\w tN¿Øp ImWmw. ]h-N\w C]-Im-c-amWv:

""Rm≥ C∂p \qdp-I-W-°n¬ injy-∑m-cpsS Kpcp-hm-bn-cn-

°p-∂Xp]Imcw aØnbm e£-°-W-°n¬ injy-cpsS Kpcp-

hm-bn-cn-°pw.''20

ssatXbm aninlm

A-_m-\n-bn¬ "aninlm' F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv ]men- m-j-

bn¬ "aØnbm' Bbn amdn-b-sX∂v a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Hcp `mj-bn-ep≈ Hcp ]Zw as‰mcp `mj-bn¬ hcp-tºmƒ

AXn\p C]-Imcw Nne am‰-ßƒ kw -hn-°p-∂psh∂Xv

F√m-h¿°padn-bm-hp∂ H-cp hkvXpX amX-am-Wv. Cw•ojv

20. "He will be the leader of a band of a disciples numbering hundreds ofthousands, as I am now the leader of bands of disciples, numbering hun-dreds" (Chakkamma Hisuttanta - Budha - His Life, His Doctrine. His Order-Oldenberg, Dr. Hermann p..142)


]Zhpw as‰mcp mj-bn¬ adn-s®-gp-Xp-tºmƒ amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂-

Xmbn \ap-°-\p-`-h-ap-≠v. amIvkvap-≈¿ Xs‚ "tkIUv

_pIvkv Hm v Z CuÃv' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ (hmfyw 11) Hcp

]´nI tN¿Øp-sIm-≠v 318- mw mK-Øv, Cw•o-jnse "Xv' (th)F∂ A£cw t]¿jy-\ntem Ad-_n-°ntem amdn hcp-tºmƒ

"kv' (s) F∂p Fgp-tX-≠n-h-cp∂psh∂v ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.21

Cu am‰-ß-sf-∏‰n \√-hÆw a\- n-cp-Øn-bm¬ "aninlm'

F∂ ]ZwXs∂-bmWv ]men- m-j-bn¬ "aØnbm' Bbn amdn-

b-sX∂p B¿°pw Ffp∏w Kln°m-\m-Ipw. _p≤≥ ]h-

Nn® hcp-hm-\p-ff "aØnbm' (ssatX-bm) bYm¿∞-Øn¬

akolv AYhm aninlm A√msX a‰m-cp-a-s√∂v CXv hy‡-

am-°n-Ø-cp∂p. Xm≥ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ønb aX-[¿Ωw 500 sIm√-

Øn-\-∏pdw \ne-\nev°p-I-bn-s√∂pw Xs‚ kn≤m-¥-ßfpw

D]-tZ-ißfpw aßnØp-S-ßp∂ ImeØp Cu cmPyØp

"aØnbm' ]Xy-£-s∏´p temIØv AXns\ ]p\x-ÿm-

]n°psa∂pw _p≤≥ ]h-Nn-®n- p-s≠∂ hkvXp-Xsb CXp

_e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. _p≤\p 500 sIm√w Ign-™mWv tbip

]Xy-£-s∏- -sX∂p \ap-°-dn-bmw. _p≤≥ Xs‚ aX-[¿aw

£bn-°p-∂-Xn\p 500 sIm√-°mew ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-∏-d-™-

]-Imcw \n›n-X-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂ _p≤-aXw £bn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. tbip Ipcn-in¬\n∂v c£-s∏- -tijw Cu cmPy-

tØbv°p bmXXncn-®Xpw C°m-eØv Xs∂-bm-bncp-∂p.

_p≤-a-X-°m¿ At±-lsØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw AXym-Z-c-

]q¿hw ssIs°m≈pIbpw sNbvXp. _p≤≥ temIØv

ÿm]n-®p-Im-Wn® [m¿anIkwln-Xbpw Bflo-b-am¿§hpw

tbip temIØv ]p\x-ÿm-]n®psh∂-Xn¬ B¿°pw kwi-

b-Øn-∂-h-Im-i-an-√. kphn-ti-j-Ønse ]¿∆-X-]-kw-K-Øn-

e-S-ßnb [m¿Ωn-tIm-]--tZ-i-ßfpw a‰p kZm-Nm-c-]m-T-ßfpw

A™q-dp-h¿jw aptº _p≤≥ tLmjn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-

21. Sacred Books of the East. Vol.II p.318


X-s∂-sb∂p ]kvXpX InkvXob Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ AwKo-I-

cn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. _p≤≥ [m¿an-I-]m-T-ßƒ amX-a-√, a‰p-]-e-

k-Xy-ßfpw ]t_m-[\w sNbvXn- p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂pw _p≤-

s\-∏‰n "]uc-kvXy-Zo]w' (Light of Asia) F∂p ]d-b-s∏- n- p-

≈Xv A\p-bp-‡-am-sW∂pw Ah¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. _p≤s‚

]h-N-\-]-Imcw 500 sIm√w Ign-™mWv tbip ]Xy-£-

\m-b-Xv. an° InkvXob ]fin-X-∑mcpw G‰p-]-d-bp∂Xn≥

hÆw Ah-cpsS [m¿Ωn-I-]m-T-ßƒ _p≤s‚ ]mT-ßƒXs∂-

bm-Wp-Xm-\pw. AXn\m¬, _p≤s‚ Bflob kmZr-iy-Øn

emWv tbip Ah-X-cn-®n-cp-∂-sX-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-ta-Xp-an-√.

_p≤s‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ mhn-bn-te°v D‰p--t\m-°n-s°m≠v

aØnbm-bpsS injy-sc-t∏mse Xßƒ°pw \n¿∆mWw e`n-

°p-sa∂p Bizmkw sIm≠-Xmbn "e§-mhXo kpXXm'sb

ASn-ÿm-\-am°n HmƒU≥_¿§v ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. AXm-

b-Xv, aØnbm Xßƒ°n-S-bn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw At±lw

aptJ\ Xßƒ \n¿∆mWw ]m]n-°p-sa∂pw Ah¿ Dd®p

hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. aØnbm-sb-∏‰n _p≤≥ \evInb kZvhm¿

Ø-bn¬ Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-lsØ Is≠-Øp-sa∂p

kqNn-∏n-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B P\-hn- m-K-Øns‚ am¿§-Z¿i-

\m¿∞w ssZhw c≠p kml-N-cy-ßƒ Hcp-°n-bn- p-s≠∂

hnizm-ksØ ta¬]p-kvXIw ZrVo-I-cn-°p-∂p. ""Hcp-an®p Iq´p-

∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ "Bkn v' F∂ ÿm\-]Zw A\p-

k-cn®p (Dev]Øn 3:10) PqZ-∑m¿ IpSn-tbdn∏m¿Øp-t]m∂

Cu ]tZ-iØv tbip-hn\p kµ¿i\w \S-Øm-Xn-cn-°m≥

\nh¿-Øn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-a-Xm-bn, _p≤s‚ ]h-N-\-]-

Imcw _p≤s‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-lsØ ImWp-Ibpw

At±-l-Øn¬\n∂p Bflo-b-t\- -ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-Ibpw

thWw. Cu c≠p hkvXp-X-Ifpw H∂n-®p-tN¿Øp Nn¥n-

°p∂]£w tbip Xn_Øv kµ¿in-°-W-sa∂p an°-hmdpw

Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. InkvXob XØz-ßfpw Iev]-\-


Ifpw Xn_-Ø≥_p-≤-a-XsØ hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n-®n- p-

s≠∂ bmYm¿∞yhpw tbip Xn_Øv kµ¿in-®n-cn-°-W-

sa∂p a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. CXn-\p-]p-d-sa, Xo-h-hn-izm-kn-

Iƒ At±-lsØ Is≠-Øp-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bn¬ Ign-™p-

t]m-∂-Xmbn _p≤-aX tcJ-I-fn¬ ]d-™p-Im-Wp-∂Xp Cu

cmPyØp At±-l-Øns‚ kam-K-a-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ap∂-

dnhpIfm-bn-cp-s∂∂ Imcyw hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p≠v. Cu c≠p

hkvXp-X-Ifpwh®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ \njv]-£-\mb Hcmsf

kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw tbip Xn_-Øn¬ hs∂-Øn-sb∂

Imcy-Øn¬ _p≤-a-X-tc-J-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ Bhiyw

Xs∂ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√. _p≤s‚ c≠mw Bhn¿`m-h-sØ-

°p-dn-®p≈ ]h-N-\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØnbp≈ ]Xym-

i-Iƒ Xoh-am-bn- p-≈-Xm-I-bm¬, ]kvXpX ]h-N-\w-Xs∂

ako-lns\ Xn_-Øn-tebv°v BI¿jn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-

Ww. _p≤-aX KŸ-ß-fn¬ ASn-°Sn ImW-s∏-Sp∂

"aØnbm' F∂ hm°v akolm F∂ hm°v Xs∂-bm-sW-

∂-Xn¬ Hcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. F®v.-Sn. ]n≥sk]v Fgp-Xnb

Sn_-‰v, Sm¿S-dn, awtKm-fn-b22 F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ 14- mw

`mKØv, aØnbm _p≤-s\-∏‰n ˛ bYm ¿∞-Øn¬ akolv

Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv InkvXob anj-W-dn-am¿ Xn_-Øn¬ t]mb-

t∏mƒ Xß-fpsS IÆp-sIm≠p ImWp-Ibpw sNhn-sIm≠v

tI -dn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬\n∂v ema-am-cpsS

]°-ep≈ ]mNo\ _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ InkvXpaX-Øns‚

Nne AS-bm-f-ßƒ ImWm-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn-

se-Øp-I-bp-≠m-sb∂p ]d-bp-∂p. InkvXo-b-X-Øz-ßƒ Cu

]tZ-iØv FØn-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ InkvXp-hns‚ injy-∑m¿

Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂p≠mbn-cp∂psh∂p Cu InkvXob ]ptcm-

ln-X-∑m¿ Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn¬ Hcp kwi-b-hp-an-s√∂v AtX

22. Tibet, Tartary, Mangolia - H.T. Princep.


`mK-Øp-Xs∂ ]kvXm-hn®p ImWp-∂p. CXn\pw]pd-sa, Hcp

henb c£-I≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-sa∂ s]mXp-hmb hnizmkw

A°m-eØv AhnsS hym]-I-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂psh∂pw

]pkvX-I-Øns‚ 171- mw mKØv ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. Cu

kwc-£-Is‚ Bhn¿`m-hsØ kw_-‘n® hnizmkw ]c-

Øn-bXp PqX∑m¿ amX-a-s√∂pw _p≤-a-X-°m¿Xs∂bpw

Cu hnizm-k-Øn\p ASn-ÿm-\-an- -h-cm-sW-∂pw˛ AXm-b-

Xv, aØn-bm-bpsS Bhn¿`m-hsØ °pdn-®p≈ ]h-N-\-ap-s≠-

∂p- -Sm-kn-‰kv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ I¿Ømhv Hcp

ASn-°p-dp-∏n¬ C]-Imcw ]kvXm-hn-°p∂p: ""]nS-°-S-b≥,''

""XYm-KX'' F∂o KŸ-ß-fn¬ as‰mcp _p≤s‚ Ah-Xm-c-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]h-N-\-ap-≠v, Ku-X-as‚ AYhm imIy-ap-

\n-bpsS Ime-Øn\p Bbncw sIm√w tij-amWv CXp kw -

hn-°p-I. Xm≥ Ccp-]-Ø-©masØ _p≤-\m-sW∂pw "`Kvhm

aØnbm' ]Xy-£-s∏-Sm-\p-s≠-∂pw, F∂p-h-®m¬ Xs‚

Xntcm-[m-\-Øn-\p-tijw Cu cmPyØv At±lw ]Xy-£-

\m-Ip-sa∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ t]¿ "aØnbm' F∂m-bn-cn-°p-

sa∂pw At±lw shfpØ \nd-tØmSp IqSn-b-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-

sa∂pw KuX-a≥ ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. Cw•o-jp-Im-c-\mb KŸ-

I¿Ømhv XpS¿∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp, "aØnbm' F∂ ]Zw aninlm

F∂ ]Z-tØmSp hf-sc-tbsd kmay-ap-≈-Xm-sW-∂-tX. Npcp-

°-Øn¬, KuXa _p≤≥ Cu ]h-N-\-Øn¬ sXfn®p ]d-

™-Xp, Xs‚ \m n¬ Xs‚ A\p-N-c-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp akolv

]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-sX. Xß-fpsS cmPyØv akolv shfn-

s∏-Sp-sa∂ ]Xo£ _p≤-a-X-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ ]c-°m-\p≈

ASn-ÿm\ Imc-Whpw CXpXs∂bmIp-∂p. _p≤≥ Xs‚

]h-N-\-Øn¬ "`Kvhm aØnbm' F∂mWv At±-lsØ Ipdn

®p ]d-™-Xp. Kvhm F∂-Xn\p kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ shfpØ

F∂¿∞-am-W-sX. kndn-b≥ ]tZ-i-°m-c-\m-I-bm¬ tbip

shfpØ sXmen-bp≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂ Xm\pw.


`Kvhm aØnbm

Cu ]h-Nn-X-\m- nse P\-ßƒ AXm-b-Xv, cmP-Krlw Dƒ

s∏-Sp∂ aK-[-cm-Py-Ønse \nhm-kn-Iƒ Idp-Ø-h-c-sX. KuX-

a-_p-≤≥Xs∂bpw IdpØ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. `mhn _p≤s\

kw_-‘n®p At±lw Jfin-X-amb c≠p AS-bm-f-ßƒ

A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. H∂p At±lw

`Kvhm AYhm shfpØ N¿Ωap≈ Bfm-bn-cn-°pw. c≠p

At±lw aØnbm AYhm k©m-cnbpw hntZ-i-Øp\n∂p

hcp∂ Bfp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Cu P\-hn- mKw ]kvXpX e£-

W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bsfbpw ]Xo-£n-®p-\n-∂p. HSp-hn¬, tb

ip-hn¬ B hmKvZØ ]pcp-js\ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

_p≤\ptijw A™qdp sIm√w Ign-™m¬ "`Kvhm aØn

bm' AYhm "shfpØ akolv' Xß-fpsS cmPyØv ]Xy-

£-\mbnsb∂p Hmtcm _p≤-a-X-°m-c\pw hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp-

≠v. AXpsIm≠v, aØn-bm-bpsS (ssa-tX-bm-bp-sS) ako-lns‚

Bhn¿`m-h-sØ-∏-‰nbpw Cu ]h-N-\-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-

sØ-∏-‰nbpw _p≤-aX KŸ-ß-fn¬ ]d-b-s∏´p ImWp-∂-

Xn¬ B›-cy-s∏-Sm-s\m-∂p-an-√. AØcw ]cm-a¿i-ß-sfm

∂pw Cs√-∂p-h-∂m¬Xs∂bpw X\n-°p-≠mb Znhy-sh-fn-]m-

Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw "`Kvhm a-Ønbm' Xß-fpsS cmPyØv

hcp-sa∂ hnizm-k-]-Xo£ _p≤≥ kzin-jy-cn¬ hf¿Øn-

bn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu ]h-N-\sØ°pdn®p t\cn- -dn-

hp≈ Hcp _p≤-a-X-°m-c\pw "`Kvhm a-Øn-bm'-bpsS AYhm

"shfpØ ako-ln's‚ BK-a-\sØ \ntj-[n-°p-hm≥ km≤y-

a-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-s√-¶n¬ aX-hn-izmkw If-

hm-sW∂ph∂pt]mIpw. ]h-N\w ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\p Hcp

Ime-]-cn[n \n›-bn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn\p ]pdsa AXp KuX-

a-_p-≤≥ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v ASn-°Sn hnh-cn®psImSp-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cu ]h-N\w X°-k-a-bØp ]q¿Øn-

bm-bn-s√-¶n¬ _p≤-a-X-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-


Øn¬ kwibw P\n-°p-Ibpw Cu ]h-N\w ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-

s√∂p KŸ-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p.

an˛in˛lp

Cu ]h-N\w ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-´p-s≠-∂-Xn-te-bv°p≈

as‰mcp sXfnhv akolv F∂ t]¿Xs∂ Dƒs°m≠ KŸ-

ßƒ F.-Un. Ggmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Xn_-Øn¬ Is≠-Øp-I-bp-

≠m-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-b-Xp, tbip-hns‚ t]¿Xs∂ an -in-

˛lp (Mi-Shi-Hu) F∂p Fgp-X-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. an -in- lp F∂

hm°v Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp t]cp-hn-h-c-∏- nI tImUo-I-cn-®n-

´p≈ Bƒ Hcp _p≤-a-X-°m-c≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Po.-X-Im-Ipkp

(G.Takakusu) hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX sF’n-ßns‚ (I-Tsing) Hcp

_p≤-a-X-tcJ (A Record of the Budhist Religion) F∂ KŸw

t\m°p-I. sF’nw-Kns‚ Cu KŸw X¿÷a sNbvX XIm-

Ipkp ]d-bp-∂Xv AXn-]m-No-\-amb Hcp KŸ-Øn¬ an -in-

˛lp (a-ko-lv) F∂ t]¿ ImW-s∏- n- p-s≠-∂m-Wv. Cu ]pkv

XIw an°-hmdpw Ggmw \q‰m-≠n-ep-≈-Xm-Wv.23 Pn. XIm-Ipkp

F∂ P∏m≥Im-c-\mWv CXp hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp 1896 ¬

HmIvkvt^m¿Unse ¢md-≠≥]- n¬\n∂p ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bXv! "akolv' F∂ ]Zw GXm-bmepw AXn¬ AS-ßn-

bn- p-≠v. Cu t]¿ _p≤-a-X-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ ]pd-Øp\n∂p IS-

∂p-h-∂-X-s√∂pw _p≤s‚ ]h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pXs∂-bm

Wv CXv Ah¿ FSp-Ø-sX∂pw CXn¬\n∂p \ap°pd-∏n-

°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXp Nne-t∏mƒ akosl∂pw Nne-t∏mƒ

"`Kvhm a-Ønbm' F∂pw Ah¿ Fgp-Xn-t∏m-∂p.

bkm- -bkp

_p≤-a-X-tc-J-I-fn¬ AS-ßnb as‰mcp sXfnhv CXmWv:

k¿ tamWn-b¿ hneyw Fgp-Xnb _p≤-aXw F∂ KŸ-

Øns‚ 45˛mw t]Pn¬ _p≤s‚ Bdm-asØ injy≥ "bkm'23. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ 169, 223 t]PpIƒ t\m°pI.


F∂ Bfm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p ]kvXm-hn-®n- p-≠v. bkp F∂

\ma-]-Z-Øns‚ cq]m-¥-c-am-Wn-sX-∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. _p≤

s‚ Nc-a-Øn-\p-tijw A™qdp h¿jw Ign-™mWv AXm-

bXv Bdmw \q‰m-≠nemWv tbip ]Xy-£-\m-b-Xp. Aßs\

At±lw Bdm-asØ injy≥ F∂v hnfn-bv°-s∏- p. ] -

k¿ amIvkvap-≈¿ "ss\‚o≥Øv sk≥Nzdn'24 (Nineteenth Cen-

tury) 517˛mw mKØv (1894 HIvtSm-_¿ e°w) ta¬ ]kvXm-h-

\sb ]n¥m-ßn-bn- p-s≠∂p Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. tbip _p≤-

a-X-XØz-ß-fn¬ BIr-„\m-bn-cp∂psh∂p ]kn-≤-cmb ]e

Fgp-Øp-Imcpw ]e-t∏m-gmbn A`n-]m-b-s∏- n- p-s≠-¶nepw

InkvXp-hns‚ ImeØv _p≤-aXw ]e-kvXo-\nseØm≥ km

[n-®-Xns‚ bYm¿∞-amb Ncn-X-am¿§w C∂p-h-scbpw Is≠-

Øm≥ km[n-®n- n-s√-∂mWv At±lw ]kvXm-hn-®-Xv. bkp,-

_p-≤s‚ injy-\m-bn-cp-∂pshs∂gp-Xnb _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-

ßsf CXp ]n¥m-ßp-∂p. amIvkvap-≈-sd-t]m-ep-ff kap-∂-

X-cmb InkvXym-\n-Iƒ _p≤-a-X-X-Øz-ßƒ tbip-hn¬ kzm

[o\w sNep-Øn-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂p kΩ-Xn-°p-tºmƒ

AXp tbip, _p≤s‚ injy-\m-bn-cp∂psh∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn\p

Xpey-am-W-t√m. ako-lns\ kw_-‘n®p AØcw hm°p-

Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpt]mepw A\m-Z-chpw [n°m-c-hp-am-

sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂-h-\mWv Rm≥. bkp, _p≤s‚ injy≥

AYhm apcoZv Bbn-cp∂psh∂p _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ]kv

Xm-hn®p ImWp-∂psh¶n¬ AXh-cpsS ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ]u

cm-WnI coXn-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Hcp ]tbmKw amX-am-Wv. hcm-

\n-cn-°p∂ Hcp alm-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn®p ap≥I-gn™ as‰mcp

alm-flm-hns‚ injy-\mbn hnh-cn®p Im´p-∂Xp Ah-cpsS

]gb coXn-b-sX. CXp IqSmsX ap≥hn-h-cn-®-Xp-t]mse tbip-

hn-s‚bpw _p≤-s‚bpw hmZ-ß-fn¬ henb kmayap≈-t∏mƒ

_p≤≥ Cukm-a-ko-ln-t\-°mƒ aptºh∂ Bsf∂ \ne

24. The Nineteenth Century; Lond. Oct. 1894. Vol.3, July-December British Museumw.p.59,39


bv°v Kpcp-in-jy-_‘w Ah-cn¬ Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xp BZ-c-

]-I-S-\-a-s√-¶n¬°qSn \nc¿∞-I-am-sW-∂p ]d-™p-Iq-Sm.

_p≤-a-X-X-Øz-ßƒ tbip-hns‚ ImeØv ]e-kvXo-\n¬

FØn-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p tb\-tI-\-]-Im-tcW sXfn-

bn®p Im´p-I-sb∂ bqtdm-]y≥ Kth-j-I-∑m-cpsS ]tcy-j-

W-co-Xnsb Rmt\-Xm-bmepw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. _p≤-a-X-

Øns‚ ]mNo-\-]pWy KŸ-ß-fn¬ tbip-hns‚ \maw Dƒ

s∏´p I≠-t∏mƒ ]e-kvXo-\n¬ _p≤-aXw FØn-b-Xns‚

sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ ]mSps]Sp-I-sb∂ Xe-Xn-cn™

am¿§w Ah¿ kzoI-cn-®Xv XnI®pw tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. t\∏m-fn-

sebpw Xn_-Øn-sebpw Iivao-cn-sebpw Ip∂n≥]-tZ-i-ß-

fn¬ tbip-hns‚ ]hn-X-amb Ime-Sn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Xnc-™p-]n-Sn-

°m≥ Ah-sc-¥p-sIm≠v ian-°p-∂n√. F∂m¬, Hcm-bncw

A‘-Im-c-Øn-s‚ Npcp-fp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ ad-™p-In-S-°p∂ Cu

kXy-ßƒ Cu Kth-j-I-∑m¿s°m ∂pw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-

bp-am-bn-cp-∂ns√∂p F\n°dn-bmw. krjvSn-]qP AXns‚

F√m koa-Ifpw IS∂p temI-amsI hym]n-°p-Ibpw Iqim-

cm-[-\bpw c‡-_-en-bn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw tImSn-°-W-°n-

\m-fp-Isf kXy-ssZ-h-Øn¬ \n∂p AI-‰n-°-f-bp-Ibpw sNbv

Xn- p-≈-Xmbn kz¿K-ÿ-\mb ssZhw I≠t∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs‚

sshcm-Ky-Øm¬ Cu Ipcnip hnizm-ksØ XI¿°p-∂-Xn\p

Xs‚ Hcp hcn-jvT-Zm-ks\ tbip-a-ko-lns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Ab-

°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Aßs\ ]h-N-\-ß-fnse B hmKvZØ-

]-Imcw At±lw hmKvZØ akolmbn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. ]ns∂, Ipcn-ins\ DS-bv°p∂ kabw hs∂-

Øn. F∂p-h-®m¬, Hcp ac-°-jWw c≠p-Xp-≠p-I-fm-°-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse Ipcn-ip-a-X-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ s]m≈-Øcw shfn-

s∏-Sp∂ BImew! AXpsIm≠v, Ipcn-in s\ DS-bv°p-∂-Xn\p

ssZhw hgn-sbm-cp-°o- p≈ Imew CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. kXym-

t\z-j-I¿ AXn-\mbn Np‰pw t\m°p-Ibpw Xnc-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sIm-≈-s´.


]∂n-sb-s°m-√¬

tbip-hns‚ kz¿§m-tcm-lWw AsXmcp sX‰mb k¶-ev

]-am-sW∂p hcp-Inepw Hcp cl-kysØ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

AXm-bXv, akoln Pohn-X-Øn-s‚ bmYm¿∞yw hnkva-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw J_v-d-S°w sNø-s∏´ arX-tZlw aÆn¬ ebn-

°p-∂-]-Imcw \mi-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-s≠-¶nepw B bm

Ym¿∞yw kz¿§-Øn¬ Hcp a\p-jy-i-cocw IWs° ÿnXn-

sN-øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂p ]d-bmw. A¥y-Im-eØv Cu ako-

lo-kXyw qan-bn¬ Cd-ßn-h-tc-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Aßs\ B bmYm¿∞yw C°m-eØv Hcp a\p-jys‚ cq]-

Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-°p-Ibpw Ipcn-ins\ DS-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS \_n-(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]∂n-tbmSp kmZr-

iys∏-Sp-Ønb B NXn-hm-°p-Ifpw Ak-Xy-]q-P-bpw, Ipcn-

ip-S-bv°-en-t\m-sSm∏w Hcp ]∂n hmfp-sIm≠p sh´n-\p-dp-°-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse sh´n-\p-dp-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. hmKvZØ ako

lv Im^n¿˛kXy\ntj[nIsf sIm√p-Ibpw ac-°p-cn-ip-Isf

apdn-®n-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂n√ Cu lZo-Yp-I-fpsS Xm

¬]cyw. Ipcn-ip-hn-izm-k-ku[w BI-∏msS s]mSp-∂s\

XI¿∂p Xcn-∏-W-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ BIm-i- qan-I-fpsS \mY-

\mb ssZhw Hfn-™p-In-S∂ kXy-ßsf B \mfn¬ ]pd

ØpsIm≠p-hcpsa∂mWv Ipcn-ip-Sbv-°p-sa-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w.

]∂n-Isf sIm√pw F∂p ]d-™-Xns‚ s]mcp-fm-Is´ a\p-

jy-sctbm ]∂n-I-sftbm sIm∂n-Sp-I-sb-∂-X√. adn-®v, ]∂n-

kz- m-hsØ AXm-b-Xv, Ak-Xy-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\nev°¬, Ak-

XysØ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºn¬ hnf-ºm-\p≈ Xzc F∂n-hsb

C√m-Xm-°pI F∂-X-sX. CXp Ata[yw `pPn-°p-∂-Xn\p

Xpey-am-Wv. NØ ]∂nbv°v ImjvSw Xn∂m\mhn-s√-∂-Xp-

t]mse CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ tNdv `£n-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂p Zpkz-

`m-hn-Isf ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp Imew hcpw. A√, B Imew

CXm h∂p Ign-™n-cn-°p∂p. apkvenw De-am-°-∑m¿°v Xncp-

\-_n-bpsS Cu ]h-N\w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nghv ]‰n.


Ipcn-ins\ DS-bv°-en-s‚bpw ]∂nsb sIm√-en-s‚bpw icn-

bmb A¿∞w Rm≥ hnh-cn-®n- p-≈XpXs∂-bmWv. hmKvZ-

Ø-a-ko-lns‚ ImeØv aX-bp-≤-ß-fpsS AdpXnhcp-Øp-sa-

∂pw, kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂p ]Im-tim-÷z-e-ß-fmb kXyX-Øz-

ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw AXpaptJ\ lJpw (k-Xy-hpw) _m

Xznepw (A-k-Xy-hpw) XΩn-ep≈ kpZo-]vX-amb hnth-N\w

kw -hn-°p-sa∂pw Fgp-X-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. AXpsIm≠v, Rm≥

hmfp-ambn h∂psh∂p \ncq-]n-t°-≠. F√m hmfp-Ifpw Dd-

I-fn¬ Xncp-In-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- sX Rm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

temIw hf-sc-°m-e-ambn A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ s]mcp-Xp-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. At\-I¿ Xß-fpsS Bflm¿∞-Kp-W-Imw-£n-I-sf-

Xs∂ FXn¿ØpsIm≠n-cp∂p. thZ-\n-°p∂ kvt\l-P-\-

ß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßsf ZpxJn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]nb-s∏- -hsc hW-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C\n A‘Imcw \ne-\nev°p-I-bn-

√. cmXn AkvX-an®p ]I¬ ]Im-in-®p-Xp-S-ßn. Cu ]Im-

i-Øn¬\n∂p AI-∂n- n-√m-Ø-h≥ A\p-Kr-lo-X≥.

cmlp√- -dq-lp√

_p≤-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ HmƒU≥_¿§ns‚ KŸ-Øn¬ 149-

˛mw t]Pn¬ tN¿Øp-Im-Wp∂ _p≤-a-X-tc-J-bmWv as‰mcp

sXfn-hv.""alm-h§'' F∂ KŸsØ B[m-c-am°n (t].54,-

k¿§w1) cmlpe F∂p t]cp≈ Bƒ _p≤s‚ ]n≥Km-an-

bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ct±lw Hcp ‡-

in-jy-\m-sW∂pw, A√ At±-l-Øns‚ ]pX≥ Xs∂-bm-

sW∂pw hnh-cn-°-s∏- n- p≠v. _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fnse "cm

lpe' Cukm-\-_n-bpsS "dqlp√' F∂ ÿm\]ZØns‚

cp]-hn-Im-c-am-sW∂p Rm≥ i‡n-bp‡w ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-

≈-s´. "cmlpe' _p≤s‚ ]pX-\m-bn-cp∂p-sh∂pw inip-hm-

bn-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ "cmlp-e'sb Dt]-£n-®- \n-e-bn¬ At±

lw ]pd-tZ-i-tØ°pt]mbn-°-f-™psh∂pw kz¥w mcysb

Ah¿ Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ahcdn-bm-sXbpw


Ah-tcmSp hnS tNmZn-°m-sXbpw F∂-t∂-°p-ambn hn´p]n-

cn-bm≥ \n›-bn-®p-sIm≠p at‰tXm cmPy-tØbvt°mSn-t∏m-

sb-∂p-ap≈ Hcp IY-bp-≠v. Cu IY XnI®pw ASn-ÿm\cln-

Xhpw Akw-_-‘hpw almflmhmb _p≤s‚ Hu∂y-Xy-

Øn\p \nc-°m-Ø-Xp-asX. \ncm-ew-_-bmb kz]-Xv\nsb Im

cp-Wy-Øns‚ IWn-I-t]mepw ImWn-°msX Ahƒ Dd-ßn-

°n-S°sh Dt]-£n-®p-t]m-hpIbpw, Hcmizmk-hm-°p-t]mepw

D®cn°msX Aßs\bßv XkvIcs\t∏mse IS-∂p-I-f-bp-

Ibpw CW-tbm-Sp≈ _m≤y-X-Isf XnI®pw Ah-K-Wn-®p-

sIm≠pw Ahsf hnhm-l-ap‡-bm-°m-sXbpw Ftßm-s´∂pw

Ft∂bvs°∂p-an-√m-tXbpw s]s´∂v A]-Xy-£-\m-hp-Ibpw

Ah-fpsS a\- n\v Hcm-™Sn \evIn Ahsf \nXytimI-

Øn-em-gvØp-Ibpw kz]p-X≥ hen-sbm-cm-fm-bn hf-cp-∂-Xp-hsc

Hcp ktµiw t]mepw Ab-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Hcp inip-hns‚-

t\sc Hcp Imcp-Wyhpw ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbv Xn- p≈

Hcmƒ, Xm≥ \evInb [m¿ΩnI]mTß-tfm-Sp-t]mepw BZcw

]pe¿ØmØ Hcmƒ kZrØ-\m-sW∂pt]mepw Icp-Xm-\m-hn-

√. Fs‚ a\-km£n CsXm-cn-°epw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.25 tbip

Hcn-°¬ Xs‚ amXm-hns‚ t\sc A\m-Zcw ImWn-®-Xm-bp≈

kphn-ti-j-I-Ysbt]mseXs∂ Rm\nXpw X≈n-°-f-bp-∂p.

25. hnipX _u≤-]-fin-X-\mb [¿am-\µ tImkw_n "`K-hm≥ _p≤≥' F∂_p≤-N-cn-X-Øn¬ (tIµ kmlnXy A°m-Zan ]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww) hmKvZØako-lns‚ Cu ho£-WsØ icn-h®psIm≠v C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:

"]mNo\ kq‡-ß-fn-sem∂pw Cu Akw- m-hy-ß-fmb sFXn-ly-ßƒ°vHc-Sn-ÿm-\hpw ImWp-∂n-√'. "Acn-b-]-cn-tb-\-kqXXm'bn¬ Xs‚ Krl-Xym-K-IY _p≤- -K-hm≥Xs∂ hnh-cn-®n- p-≈-Xn¬ A—-\-Ω-am-tcmSp A\p-hmZw tNmZn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. "alm-km-‡-I-kpXXm-'bnepw C]-Imcw Xs∂bmWvhnh-cn-®n- p-≈sX∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v tImkw_n Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""t_m[n-k-Xz≥ kzKr-l-Øn-ep-≈-hsc Adn-bn-°msX an-X-t\m-Sp-IqSn Hfn-®p-t]mbnsb∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp shdpw sX‰msW∂p sXfn-bp-∂p.... ipt≤m-Z-\\pw tKmX-an°pw At±lw ]cn-hm-P-I-\mIpsa∂p≈ ]c-am¿∞w hfsc aptº-Xs∂Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS C—bv°p hncp-≤-ambn Ah-cpsS apºn¬h®pXs∂At±lw ]h-Nn®psh∂pw _p≤-hm-Iy-Øn¬\n∂p kv]jvS-am-Ip-∂p''. (`-K-hm≥ _p≤≥˛ [¿am-\µ tImkw-_n, hnh. ]n. tijm-Zn. `m. 184-˛185) hnh:


tbip-hns‚ bSp-°¬ Xs‚ amXmhv h∂-t∏mƒ At±lw Ah-

tcmSp A\m-Zcw ImWn®psh∂pw Ah¿ ASp-Øp-sN-∂p tbip-

hns\ kwt_m-[\ sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ahsc Ah-tl-fn-°pw-

hn[w Nne hm°p-Iƒ D®-cn®psh∂pamWv B IY!

`mcy-bp-sSbpw amXm-hn-s‚bpw hnIm-cßsf hW-s∏-Sp-

Øn-b-Xns\ kw_-‘n® IY-I-fn¬ Nne kmZr-iy-ß-sf-√m-

ap-s≠-∂n-cn-°n-epw, tbip-hn-s‚tbm KuX-a-_p-≤-s‚tbm

km[m-cW kz`mh amXr-I-I-fn¬ Hcp ]X\w kw -hn-®-Xmbn

kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]kvXpX IY-Iƒ Ah-cnsemcn-°epw B-

tcm-]n-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-XmWv. _p≤≥ kz¥w `mcysb kvt\ln-

®n-s√-¶n¬t]m-epw, Hcp ]mhw s]Æn-s‚bpw Ah-fpsS IjvS-

s∏-Sp∂ Ip™n-s‚bpw t\sc \n›-b-ambpw At±-l-Øn\p

ImcpWyw tXmt∂-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂nt√? CXp Xo¿®-bmbpw Kuc-

hm-h-l-amb kzm`m-h-Zq-jyw-X-s∂-bm-Wv. FX-tØmfw Kuc-

h-ap-≈-sX-∂m¬, \qdp-°-W-°n¬ sIm√-ßƒ Ign-™n´pw

F\n-°-Xn-s\-∏‰n Hm¿°pt¥mdpw s\mºcw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-

∂p. F¥n-\m-W-t±lw CX-sbms° sNbvX-sX∂v a\- n-

em-°m≥ B¿°pw km[n-°p-∂n-√. A[m¿an-Itbm [m¿jvSy-

h-Xntbm Ahn-izm-kytbm `¿Øm-hn\v FXn¿ \nev°p-∂-

htfm As√-∂m-In¬ kz¥w `mcysb Xncn-™p-t\m-°m-Xn-

cp-∂m¬Xs∂ Hcmƒ sIm≈-cp-Xm-Ø-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. F∂n-

cn-s°, _p≤-\n¬ CØ-c-samcp s]cp-am‰w Btcm-]n-°m≥

Fßs\ Ignbpw? AXpXs∂bpw Xs‚ kz¥w ]mT-ßƒ°v

FXn-cm-bn- p! Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cu IY XnI®pw sX‰m-sW-

∂mWv CsX√mw hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

bYm¿∞-Øn¬, "cmlpe' F∂Xp tbip-hn-s\-∏‰nXs∂

]d-b-s∏- n- p-≈Xpw tbip-hns‚ as‰mcp \ma-amb "dqlp-√m'-

bpsS cq]-hn-Im-c-hp-am-Ip-∂p. "dqlp√' F∂p ln_p-hnsegp-

Xn-bm¬ "cmlpe' F∂v hmbn-°m-\m-hpw. tbip, _p≤s‚

injy-cn¬ Hcm-fmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. _p≤\p

tijw _p≤-t‚Xp t]mep≈ A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ At±lw


sIm≠ph∂n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ _p≤-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ B A≤ym

]\-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw _p≤-\n¬ Btcm-]n-°p-Ibpw ako-

lns\ _p≤s‚ injy-\mbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. _p≤≥

ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ shfn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

anin-lmsb Xs‚ ]pX-\mbn ]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-hmw.

cmlp-e -Xs‚ amXm-hn-¬\n∂v th¿s]- p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ _p

≤s‚ injy-bmb aKvZm-en-bm\26 Hcp ZqXn-bmbn h¿Øn®p

sh∂pw ]kvXpX KŸ-Øn¬Xs∂ ]d-™p-Im-Wmw.

bYm¿∞-Øn¬, aKvZm-en-bm\ kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ]d-b-s∏´

tbip-in-jy-bmb aKvZ-e-\-a-dnbw A√msX a‰m-cp-a-n-√.

apI-fn¬]-d™ Cu F√m km£y-ßfpwh®p-t\m-°n-

bm¬ tbip AYhm Cukm-\_n (A) Cu cmPyØv kam-

K-X-\m-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-emWv Hcp \njv]

£ Nn¥-Is\Øn-t®-cp-I. ]Im-tim-÷z-eß-fmb Cu F√m

km£y-ßfpw _p≤-a-X-Øn-tebpw InkvXpaX-Øn-tebpw

A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ°pw BNm-c-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]cn-kv]-c-km-ay-

X-I-fpw˛ Xn_Øv ]tZ-iØv C°m-cy-ßfm¿°pw \ntj-[n-

°m≥ km[y-a-√mØhn[w apg®p ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p˛ h®p t\m

°n-b-t∏mƒ InkvXo-b-K-th-j-I-∑m-cn¬ qcn-]-£hpw _p≤-

aXw ]u-c-kvXy-tZ-isØ InkvXp-a-X-am-sW∂pw InkvXp-aXw

]m›m-Xy-tZ-isØ _p≤-a-X-am-sW∂pw ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-sW-

∂p-t]mepw Icp-Xp-am-dm-bn. kphntijß-fn¬ tbip-hn\p

c£-I≥ F∂p t]cp-≈-Xp-t]mse _p≤\pw Xs‚ t]¿ c£-

I≥ F∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øo- p-≠v. t\m°pI Rm≥ shfn-®-am-

Ip∂psh∂pw Rm≥ t\¿h-gn-bm-Ip∂psh∂pw akolp ]d-

™p. C]-Im-cw-Xs∂ _p≤\pw ]d-™-Xmbn ImWp-∂p.

("e-fn-X-hn-kvXcw' t\m°p-I). tbip-hn\p ]nXm-hp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂n-s√∂p kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. _p≤s‚ Ncn-X-

Ønepw ]d-bp-∂Xp At±-lhpw ]nXm-hn-√m-sX-bmWv P\n-®-

26. auZvK-em-b\? ("[¿Ω-]Zw' t\m°p-I. X¿÷-a, tXe-∏p-dØv \mcm-b-W-\-ºn, t]. 13)˛ hnh:


sX-∂-sX. F∂m¬, ]Xy-£-Øn¬ akoln\p, bqkp v

]nXmhp≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse _p≤\pw Hcp ]nXm-hp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. _p≤s‚ P\-\-th-f-bnepw Hcp \£Xw DZn-®-Xmbn

Fgp-X-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp Ipńsb c≠p Ij-W-ß-fm°n shń-

ap-dn-°m\pw Hmtcm mK-hpw Ipń-bpsS AΩ-bm-sW∂p Ah-

Im-i-s∏´ Hmtcm kvXo°pw \evIm\pw Iev]n® ie-tam≥cm-

Pm-hns‚ IY _p≤s‚ PmX-I-Ønepw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

CsX√mw tbip Cu cmPyØv h∂n- p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂p

sXfn-bn-®p-Im- p-∂-Xn\p ]pd-sa, Cu ]tZ-iØv h∂p-]m¿Ø

PqZ-∑m¿ _p≤-a-X-hp-ambn _‘w hf¿Øn-bn-cp∂psh∂pw

sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. _p≤-aXKŸ-ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏´ Dev]-

Øn-I-Ybv°v Xudm-Ønse IY-bp-ambn hy‡-amb kmZriyw

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]pcp-j\p kvXobpsSta¬ tij-T-]-Z-hnbp

s≠∂p Xudm-Øn¬\n∂p a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse _p≤-

a-X-Øns‚ ZrjvSn-bnepw Hcp ]pcp-j-tbmKn Hcp tbmKn-\n-tb-

bv°mƒ ]Z-hn-bn¬ Db¿∂-h-\-sX.

]p\¿P-∑-hn-izmkw

_p≤≥ ]p\¿P-∑-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p-sh-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]p\¿P∑w kphn-ti-j-]m-T-

ßƒ°v FXn-cm-bn- p-≈-X-√. _p≤s‚ ]°¬ ]p\¿P∑w

aq∂p Xc-Øn-em-Wv. (1)- a-cn-°p∂ H-cm-fpsS Icp-Øn-s‚bpw

I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw e-ßƒ as‰mcp PU-cq]w ssIs°m-≈p-

∂-Xns\ Ah-iy-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p. (2) Xn_-Øp-Im¿ Xß-

fpsS ema-am¿°p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbn hniz-kn-°p-∂-co-Xn-bn-ep≈

]p\¿P-∑-amWv as‰m-∂p. GXm-Inepw _u≤-s‚tbm t_m[n-

k-Xz-s‚tbm ssNX-\ymwiw as‰mcp ema-bn¬ \nth-in-°p-

am-dm-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xp, B ema-bpsS ssNX-\yhpw kz`m-h

hpw Bflo-b-ssh-in-jy-ßfpw Cu ema-bn-te°v kwI-an-°p-

Ibpw BZy-sØ-bm-fpsS Bflmhv as‰-bmsf ]`m-hn-X-\m-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. (3) aq∂m-asØ Xc-Øn-ep≈ P∑w CXm


Wv: a\p-jy≥ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬Øs∂ hnhn[ P∑m-

¥-c-ß-fn-eqsS IS∂pt]mIp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Abm-fpsS

hy‡n-kz- m-h-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ P¥p-cq-]-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈p-am-

dm-Ip-∂p. Hcp a\p-jy≥ Imf-bmbn amdp-∂p. XrjvWbpw tZm

jhpw h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ Hcp \mb-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw

BZysØ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ°v acWw kw -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Hcp Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-bnse I¿a-ß-fn¬\n-∂mWv as‰mcp

Pohn-Xm-hÿ P∑-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Cu F√m ]cn-

h¿Ø-\-ßfpw sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv kw -hn-

°p-∂-Xv. AXpsIm≠v, Cu hnizm-k-ßfpw kphn-ti-j-ß-

fnse ]mT-ßƒ°v FXn-cm-sW∂p ]d-bm-h-X-√.

_p≤≥ kmØm-\nepw hniz-kn-®n-cp∂psh∂p Rm≥

]kvXm-hn-®p-ht√m. AXp-sIm≠v kz¿§ \c-I-ß-fnepw27 ae-

°p-I-fnepw \ymbhnkvXmc\mfnepw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. _p≤≥

ssZh hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂ Bt£]w XnI®pw I‰p-

sI- m-Ip-∂p. _p≤≥ thZm-¥-ß-fntem ]n¬°m-eØv lnµp-

°-fn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Snb PU-ssZ-h-ß-fntem hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-

√. _p≤≥ thZ-ßsf hf-sc-sb√mw hna¿in-®n-cp∂psh∂Xpw

t\cm-Wv. \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ thZ-ßƒ kXy-am-sW∂p

_p≤≥ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ah-sb√mw Ae-t¶m-e-s∏- -h-bm-

27. _p≤≥ kz¿§-\-c-I-ß-fn-sem∂pw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂p ]d-bp-∂-h-cp≠v.F∂m¬, AXp icn-b-√. _p≤≥ kz¿§-sØ-∏‰n ]d™p:

tkm Itcmln Zo]-a-Øt\m Jn∏w hmbXv ]fintXm h\n≤-¥-atem A\M KtWm Zn∫w Acnb qan-ta-lkn

(\o X∂-Øm-s\mcp Zo]-am-°p-I, \s∂ bXv\n-°p-I, Hcp ]fin-X-\m-bn-Øo-cpI. \ns‚ ae-ßƒ (A-ip-≤n-Iƒ) Ft∏mƒ AI-ep-∂pthm At∏mƒ \o\n¿t±m-jn-bm-hp-Ibpw Bcy-tem-Iam-Ip∂ kz¿§sØ ]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw).\c-I-sØ-∏‰n C]-Im-chpw:

Abkm haew kvapSn-TnXw XXp-T-Smb Xtah JmZXnGhw AXnt[m\ Nmcn\w km\n IΩm\n \b¥n Zp§Xnw

(C-cp-ºn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Id AXn-s\-Øs∂ \in-∏n-°p-∂-t]mse [¿asØAXn-I-an-®-hs‚ I¿a-ßƒ Ahs\ \c-I-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p.) "[¿a-]Zw'˛a-e-ht§m ASvTm-c-k-tam', X¿÷a: tXe-∏p-dØv \mcm-bW \ºn, t].83,84- -hnh:


sW∂pw ]£n-]vX-ß-fm-sW∂pw At±lw Icp-Xn. Xm≥

Hcp lnµp-hm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw thZ-ßsf ]n¥p-S¿∂n-cp∂-t∏m-

gp-ap≈ Xs‚ P∑-ßƒ Zp¿P-∑-ß-fm-sW-∂p At±lw Icp-

Xn. DZm-l-c-Wm¿∞w Xm≥ Ipd-®p-Imew hm\-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ipd®p Imew B\bpw ]ns∂ lnc-Wyhpw ]ns∂ izmhpw

Bbn-am-dn. \mep-X-hW ]n∂-Khpw ]ns∂ Xh-fbpw c≠v

XhW a’yhpw ]Øv h´w ]penbpw \mev XhW tImgnbpw

c≠p-X-hW ]∂nbpw Hcn-°¬ apbepw Bbn-cp-∂p. apb-em-

bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ipc-ß-∑m-scbpw Ipdp-°-∑m-scbpw \o¿\m-bv°-

sfbpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-t]m-∂p. ]ns∂ Hcn-°¬ qX-am-bn-cp-∂p. as‰m-

cn-°¬ Hcp kvXo. ]ns∂ \¿Ø-I≥. Hcp ]nimNpambn.

Cu kqN-\-I-sf√mw ocp-Xzw, kvssXW- m-hw, Aip-≤n, arKo-

b-X, ImS-Øw, Zp¿\-S-∏v, Xo‰n-`m-¥v, A‘-hn-izmkw CXym-

Zn-Iƒ \nd™ ap≥Po-hn-X-Øns‚ `mh-ssh-hn-[y-ß-fn-te-

bv°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv. Xm≥ thZm-\p-h¿Øn-bm-bn-cp∂

Ime-L- -Øn-tebv°v At±lw i≤ Xncn-°p-∂-Xm-bn- mWv

tXm∂p-∂-Xv. AXns\ Isøm-gn-®-tijw X∂n¬ ]m]-Po-hn-

X-Øns‚ IWn-I-sb-¶nepw Ah-ti-jn-®-Xmbn At±lw kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂n-√. adn-®v, At±lw henb henb hmZ-ß-sf√mw D∂-

bn-°p-∂-Xmbpw Xm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-_nw-_-am-sW∂pw

\n¿∆mWw28 ]m]n-®-h-\m-sW∂pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbpw

28. _p≤≥ ]Tn-∏n® \n¿∆mWw F¥m-sW-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n henb sX‰p[m-c-W-

bp-≠v. Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xpt]mse AXp Poh≥ ap‡n-b-√.Nirvana is not, as some suppose, the state in which the Jeevatma is absorbed

in Paramatma. "Nor is it, as others suppose, the annihilation of all activities... Nirvanais on the one side destruction of the three fires of lust, hatred and ignorance; and onthe other it is the perfection of all human excellence.''

(\n¿∆mWw F∂Xp Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xpt]mse Pohm-flmhv ]c-am-flm-hn¬ebn-°p-∂-X√; a‰p Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]h¿Ø-\-\m-i-hp-a-√...\n¿∆mWw F∂m¬, Hcp mK-Øp, XrjvW, tZzjw, A⁄m\w F∂o aq∂pA·n-Ifpw hn\m-ihpw as‰mcp mKØp F√m am\-hn-I-ti-jvT-X-I-fp-sSbpw]cn-]q¿Æ-Xbpw BIp-∂p. ˛ [¿a-]-Zw˛ Introduction p.x.

bYm¿∞Øn¬ \n¿∆mWw F∂Xv Ckvem-anse "apXzva-bn∂' AYhm"im¥nsb ]m]n® Bflm-hn's‚ ÿm\amIp-∂p˛ hnh:


\mw ImWp-∂p. \mc-Io-b-I¿a-ß-fp-ambn Cu temIw hn´p-

]n-cn-bp∂ Bƒ \c-I-Øn-tebv°v Fdn-b-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw \c-I-

Ønse Zzmc-]m-e-I∑m¿ Ahs\ \c-I-cm-Pm-hmb bas‚ ASp-

°-te°v hen-®n-g-°p-sa-∂pw, in£n-°-s∏´ Bƒ, Xs∂

Xm°oXp sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn Ab-°-s∏´ ]©-Zq-X-∑msc I≠n-

´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√tbm F∂p tNmZn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw _p≤≥ ]d-

bp-∂p˛B ZqX-∑m¿ ssii-hw, hm¿≤-Iyw, tcmKw, Ip‰-hm-fn-

bmbn Cu temI-Øn¬h®pXs∂ in£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ahÿ

(CXp ]c-temI in£-bv°p≈ Hcp sXfn-hm-Ip-∂p), ]]-

©-Øns‚ \iz-cX sXfn-bn®p Im´p∂ acn-®-h-cpsS PU-

ßƒ F∂n-h-bm-Ip∂p Xs‚ t`mjXzw ImcWw Ch-sbm

∂pw i≤n-®-tX-bn-s√∂p Ip‰-hmfn adp-]Sn ]d-bpw. At∏mƒ,

\c-I-Øns‚ Imh¬°m¿ Ahs\ Zfi\ tIµ-Øn-tebv°v

hen-®n-g-bv°pw. Np´p-]-gpØ Ccp-ºp-N-ßesIm≠p Ah≥

_‘n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. IqSm-sX, hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈

Ip‰-°msc Fdn-™n-Sp∂ At\Iw apdn-Ifpw Ad-Ifpw \c-

I-Øn-ep-s≠∂pw _p≤≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cu ]mT-

ß-sf√mw Dss®-kvXcw hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂Xv _p≤-a-Xw, tbip-

hns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb ]`m-h-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-bn-cp-∂n- p-s≠-

∂-sX. GXm-bm-epw, Cu N¿® C\nbpw \o´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-

Im≥ Rm\mK-ln-°p-∂n-√. Cu A≤ymbw Rm≥ ChnsS

Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. tbip Cu cmPyØv hcp-∂Xp kw_-

‘n® hy‡-amb ]h-N-\w˛ B¿°pw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hmØ

]h-N-\w˛ _p≤a-X -K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏- n-cn-s°, kphn-

ti-j-ß-fnse D]-am-I-Y-Ifpw [m¿an-I-]m-T-ßfpw tbip-hns‚

ImeØv hnc-Nn-X-ß-fmb _p≤-a-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-

tºmƒ tbip Cu cmPyØv hs∂-Øn-bXp kw_-‘n® Hcp

kwi-b-Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXn\m¬,

_p≤-a-X-tc-J-I-fn-eqsS \mw Is≠-Øm≥ ian® sXfn-hp-

Iƒ apgp-h\pw \mw ChnsS Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p; A√m-lp-

hn\v kvXpXn!


aq∂mw Imfiw

Ckm-tbey¿ C¥y-bn¬

Ipcn-in¬\n∂v c£-s∏- -tijw tbip C¥y-bn¬ h∂-

sX-¥n-\m-bn-cp∂psh∂ tNmZyw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw s]m¥n-

h-cp-∂p-≠v. CXbpw Zo¿L-amb bmX sNøm≥ At±-lsØ

t]cn-∏n® tNtXm-hn-Imcw F¥m-bn-cp∂p? Cu tNmZy-Øn\p

hni-Z-amb adp-]Sn ]d-tb-≠Xp Bh-iy-am-sW∂p tXm∂p-

∂p. CtX-∏‰n Rm≥ Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ t\csØ ]d™pIgn-

™n- p-≠v. F∂n-cn-°nepw C°mcyw Cu KŸ-Øn¬ hni-Z-

ambn N¿® sNtø-≠-Xp-s≠∂p Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.

tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]©m-_nepw AXn

s‚ ]m¥-]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw k©-cn-t°-≠Xp Hcp Znhy-Zq-X-

s\∂ \ne-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ I¿Ø-hy-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-

cp∂psh∂ Imcyw BZy-ambn a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Fs¥-∂m¬, kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ""Ckm-tb¬ Kr-l-Ønse

ImWm-sX-t]mb Bń≥ Iq -ßƒ'' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-

ń- p≈ Ckm-tb-ense ]Øp tKmX-ßƒ Cu cmPyØv IpSn-

tb-dn-∏m¿Øn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Ncn-X-Im-c\pw C∂p-hsc

\ntj-[n-®n-ń-√mØ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-am-Wn-Xv. AXn\m¬,

tbip Cu cmPyØv k©-cn-°p-Ibpw Ahsc Is≠-Øn-b-

tijw Ah¿°v Xs‚ kphn-tijw ]t_m-[\w sNøpIbpw

sNbvXn- p-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv.

C]-Imcw sNbvXn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, At±-l-Øns‚

ZuXyw ]q¿Øn-bm-ImsX InS-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.Fs¥-∂m¬,

Ckm-tb¬ Krl-Ønse ImWm-sX-t]mb Bń≥Iq- -ßsf

Xnc-™p-]n-Sn®p Ah¿°v ]t_m-[\w sNbvI-bm-bn-cp∂p

tbip-hns‚ ZuXy-I¿Ø-hyw. ImWm-sX-t]mb tKmX-ßsf

Is≠-Øm-sXbpw, Ahsb Is≠-Øn-b-tijw tam£-am¿§-

sØ-°p-dn®p Ah¿°v D]-tZ-in-°m-sXbpw At±lw Cu


temIØp\n∂v Xntcm-[m\w sNøp-∂Xv I¿Øhy \n¿∆-

lWw Bhp-I-bn-√. h\-Øn¬ hkn-°p∂ Hcp tKmX-Øns‚

ASp-°¬s®∂v Ah¿°v Pe-hn-X-c-W-Øn-\mbn Hcp InW¿

Ipgn-∏n-°m≥ cmPm-hn-\m¬ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ Hcmƒ as‰-

hn-sS-sb-¶nepwsN∂p aqt∂m \mtem sIm√w Ign-®p-Iq- n-b-

tijw B tKmXsØ Is≠-Øm≥ Hcp iahpw sNøm-Xn-

cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn°paXv. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcmƒ cmPm-

hns‚ Iev∏\ \S-∏m-°nb Hcm-fm-bn-cn-°ptam? C√! Hcn-°-

ep-an-√. Abmƒ B tKmXsØ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Hcp iahpw

\S-ØmsX kz¥-Øn¬ kwXr]vXn t\Sm≥ Xp\n-™-h-\m-

bn´mWv IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-I.

F∂m¬, Ckm-tb-ense ]Øp tKmX-ßƒ Cu cmPy

Øv h∂n- p-s≠∂p Icp-Xm-hp-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂pw F¥n-s\

∂pw tNmZn-°pIbmsW-¶n¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ hfsc hy‡-

amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ \ncØn sh°m-\p-s≠∂pw km[m-c-W-

°m¿°pt]mepw hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°m-hp∂ sXfn-hp-I-

fm-W-h-sb∂pamWv ]Xyp-Ø-cw. A vKm-\n-Ifpw Iivao-cnse

]q¿∆-\n-hm-kn-Ifpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ bnkmt-b¬ hwi-P-cm-

sW-∂Xv ]kn-≤-am-Wv, DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, lkmdm Pn√-bn¬

\n∂v ct≠m aqt∂m Znh-ksØ hgn-Zq-c-ap≈ Bembn (Alai)

Ip-∂n≥]tZ-isØ P\-ßƒ A⁄m-X-Imew apX¬t°

_\o-C-kmt-b¬ F∂mWv Xßsf hnfn®pt]m∂n- p-≈-Xv.

C]-ImcwXs∂, Cu taJ-e-bnse "Imem-Z°m' (Kala Dakah)

F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp Ip∂n≥]tZ-isØ \nhm-

kn-Ifpw Ckmt-b¬ hwi-P-cmWv Xß-sf∂p Ah-Im-i-s∏-

Sp∂Xn¬ A`nam\w sIm≈p∂p≠v. Ckmtb¬ hwiP

cmWv Xßsf∂v AhImis∏Sp∂ Hcp tKmXw lkmdm

Pn√-bn¬Xs∂-bp-≠v. Nmem-kn\pw (Chalas) Im_q-en\pw (Kabul)

CS-bnepff ae-ºtZ-isØ P\-ßfpw Ckm-tb-ey-cmWv Xß-

sf-∂h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.-


Iivao¿ \nhm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw tUm._¿

Wy¿ Nne Cw•ojp ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ßsf ASn-

ÿm-\-am°n Travels in Moghul Empire (ap-K-f-km-am-Py-Øn-eqsS

bmXIƒ)29 F∂ Xs‚ KŸ-Øns‚ c≠mw `mKØv ]d-

™n- p≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ XnI®pw icn-bm-Wv. AXm-b-Xp, Iivao-

cnse P\-ßƒ Ckmt-b¬ hwi-P-cm-sW-∂-Xp-X-s∂. Ah-

cpsS thj-hn-[m-\-ßfpw `mh-ßfpw BNmc \S-]-Sn-Ifpw

Ah¿ Ckm-tb¬ hwi-P-cm-sW∂ bmYm¿∞yw Jfin-X-

ambn kqNn-∏n-®p-X-cp-∂p. Iivao-cn¬ Xma-kn-®-t∏mƒ Xm≥

PqX∑m-cpsS Hcp tKmX-Øns‚ \Sp-hn-em-Wp-≈-sX∂p tXm

∂n-t∏m-sb∂v tPm¿Pv t^m¿Ã¿ (George Forster) F∂ Hcp

Cw•o-jp-Im-c≥ Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.30 A vKm≥

Im¿ kndn-b-bn¬\n∂v h∂-h-cm-sW∂v "Z sdbn-kkv Hm v

A vKm-\n-kvXm≥' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ F®v. Uªyq, s_t√m-

kv, kn.-F-kv.-sF. ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.31 \_q °Zv-\-kv¿ NI-

h¿Øn (Nebuchadnezzar) Ahsc XS-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSn-°p-Ibpw

t]¿ky-bnepw taZy-bnepw Ahsc IpSn-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbv

Xp-sh∂pw Ahn-sS-\n∂v Iptd Ime-Øn-\p-tijw Ah¿ Ing-

t°m- p-\oßn tKm¿ (Ghour) Ip∂p-I-fn¬ ]m¿∏p-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw

AhnsS Ah¿ _\o-bn-kmt-b¬ F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

am-dm-IpIbpw sNbvXpsh∂p-amWv AXn¬ ]d-™n- p-≈-Xv.

CZvcokv \_n-bpsS AYhm Ct\m-Jns‚ (Enoch) ]h-N\w

CXn-tebv°v sXfn-hm-bn- p-≠v. XS-hp-Im-cm-°-s∏- n-cp∂ Ckm-

tbense ]Øp tKmX-ßƒ _‘-\-Øn¬\n∂p c£-s∏- -

tijw "A¿km-dØv' (Arsarath) F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ ÿeØv

(tKm¿ ]tZ-i-Øn¬ Dƒs∏´ lkmd F∂ t]cn¬ C∂p

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ mK-Øv) A`bw ]m]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. sN¶n-

29. Travels in the Moghul Empire-Francis Bernier-Archibald Constable, Lond. 1891p.930-932.30. Letters on a Journey from Bengal to England - George Forster; Pub. R. Faulder,Lond. 1808. p. 2031. Races of Afghanistan, - H.W.Bellows. C.S.I. Pub. Thacker Spink & WZ. 1884, p.


kvJm≥ A vKm≥ ]nSn-®-S-°n-b-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnh-c-W-a-S-

ßnb "Xz_-JmsØ \mkzncn' (Tabqathi-Nasiri) F∂ KŸ-

Øn¬32 i\p_bvkn hwi-°m-cpsS `c-W-Im-eØv _\o-C-

km-tb¬ F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp tKmXw AhnsS ]m¿Øn-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ \√ I®-h-S-°m-cm-sW∂pw ]kvXm-

hn-®p-Im-Wmw. F.Un.622 ¬ Jmen-Zv _n≥ heoZv F∂p t]

cmb Hcp Jpdbv-in-t\-Xm-hv, Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Bhn¿`m-hsØ

kw_-‘n® kt¥m-j-h¿Ø-am\w C°q- sc dkq-ens‚ sIm

Sn-°o-gn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-∂p-t±-in®p Ahsc Adn-bn-°-p

Ibp-≠m-b-sX. At©m Btdm Xe-h-∑m¿ At±-l-tØm-

sSm∏w tN¿∂p. Ah-cn¬ ][m\n Jbvkv F∂ Hcm-fm-bn-

cp∂p. Abm-fpsS as‰m-cp-t]¿ "Iniv' F∂m-bn-cp∂p. Ckvemw

Ah-ew-_n-®-Xn-\p-tijw Ch¿ Ckvem-an-\p-th≠n [oc-[ocw

AS-cm-Sp-Ibpw \nc-h[n hnP-b-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-Ibpap≠m-

bn. Ah¿ bp≤w Pbn-®p-h-∂-t∏mƒ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Ah

¿°v ]e ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ßfpw kΩm-\n-°-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Cu

tKmX-Øns‚ Xe-h-∑m¿ "aen°v'Iƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-

s∏-Sp-sa∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k) Acp-fn-bn- p-≠v. Jbvkn\p,

A_vZp¿d-ioZv F∂ t]¿ \_n(-k) \evIp-Ibpw "]Øm≥'

F∂ _lp-a-Xn-t∏¿ A\p-K-ln-®-cp-fp-Ibpw sNbvXp. "]¶m

bw' F∂¿∞-ap≈ kpdn-bm-\n- ]-Z-am-Wn-sX∂v A vKm≥

Fgp-Øp-Im¿ ]d-bp-∂p. ]pXp-apkven-amb Jbvkv Xs‚ tKmX-

Øn¬ Hcp I∏-en \v ]¶mbw F∂-t]mse am¿K-Z¿i-I-\m-

bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emWv At±-l-Øn\v "]Øm≥' F∂ Cu _lp-

a-Xn-t∏¿ \evI-s∏- -XsX.

tKmdnse A vKm-\n-Iƒ apt∂m- p-\oßn I≠-lm-dn-\-

SpØ ]tZ-iØv IpSn-]m¿ØXp F∂p-ap-Xev°m-sW∂v ]d-

bm≥ km≤y-a-√. C∂p Ah-cpsS hmk-ÿm\w CXm-Wv.

32. The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Edward Balfour(Surgeon General) 3rd Ed.Pub. Bernard Quariteh 15, Piccadilly, W. 1;1885 p.31.


Ckvem-an-I Ie-≠-dn¬ H∂mw \q‰m--≠n-em-hWw an°-hmdpw

CXp kw -hn-®n- p-≠m-hp-I. Jbvkv, Jmen-Zv _n≥ heo-Zns‚

aI-sf-bmWv hnhmlw sNbvX-sX-∂mWv A vKm-\n-I-fpsS

hnizm-kw. AXn¬ At±-l-Øn\p aq∂p ]pX-∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. kdm-_m≥, ]Øm≥, Kp¿KivØv F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p

Ah¿. kdm-_m\v k®vdPvbp≥, Irivbp≥ F∂o c≠p ]pX-

∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-cpsS k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-bmWv A vKm-

\n-Iƒ. AXm-bXv _\o bnkm-tb-ey¿. Gjym-ssa-\¿ \nhm-

kn-I-fpw, ]Sn-™m-dp≈ apkvenw Ncn-X-Im-c-∑mcpw A vKm-

\n-Isf ""kpebv-am-\n-Iƒ'' F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. _mƒ^¿

Fgp-Xnb ""sskt¢m-]o-Unb Hm v C¥ym CutÃ¨ B‚ v

ktX¨ Gjy'' F∂ hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øn¬ CX-c-Pm-Xn-

°m¿ Gjy-bpsS a≤y- -Z-£n-W- -]q¿∆ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]c-

∂p-In-S-°p-∂-Xm-bn33 ]d-bp-∂p. ]q¿∆-Im-e-ß-fn¬ Ch¿

ssN\-bn¬ [mcm-f-ambn IpSn-]m¿Øn- p-≠m-bn-cp∂p; "jp' Pn√-

bpsS Xe-ÿm-\-amb bnlvNp(Yih Chu)hn¬ Ah¿s°mcp

t£X-ap≠v. A vKm-\n-Iƒ bmt°m-_ns‚ k¥m-\-ß-fn¬

s∏- -h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv _\o-C-kmt-b-ense ImWm-sX-

t]mb ]Øp tKmX-ßsf Xnc™p hf-sc-°mew Ae-™p-

Xn-cn™ tUm. hpƒ v A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.34 blq-Zn-Iƒ

XmØmcn-te°v (Tartary) \mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏- -h-cm-sW-∂mWv as‰mcp

dnt∏m¿´n¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p-≈-Xv. _pJm-dm, sa¿hv, Johm

F∂n-hbv°v Np‰p-ap≈ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ [mcm-f-ambn

hkn-®p-t]m-∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. XmØmcn NI-h¿Øn-bm

bncp∂ ]Ã¿ tPm¨ (Prester John) tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ NI-

h¿Ønbmbn-cp∂ AeIvkv tImw\n-\-kn\v (Alex Comninus)

Ab® Hcp enJn-X-Øn¬ \Znbv°v (B-ap-\-Zn) A∏pdw

33. The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Edward Balfour(Surgeon General) IIIrd Ed. Pub. Burnard Quariteh 15, Piccadilly, W. I:1885 p.31.

34. Narrative of a Mission to Bokhara - Rev. Joseph Wolf D.D; LLD; Pub. John W.Parker, Lond. 1845. p. 9-17 Vol. 2nd Ed.


Ckmt-b-ense ]Øp tKmX-°mcmWp-≈-sX∂pw Ah¿

Xß-fpsS kz¥w cmPm-hn\p Iogn-em-sW∂pw bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ Xs‚ ]P-Ifpw kma-¥-∑m-cp-am-sW∂pw ]d-™n- p-

≠v. sNmkm≥ F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ XmØmcn tKmX-

ßƒ PqZ-hw-i-P-cm-sW-∂pw ]pcm-X-\-PqZ-a-XØns‚ AS-bm-

f-ßƒ Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw tUm. aqdns‚

Kth-j-W-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.35 DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ah¿

tNem-I¿Ωw (Circumcision) A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Xßƒ

Ckmt-b-ense ImWm-sX-t]mb ]Øp tKmX-ß-fm-sW∂

]mc-ºcyw A vKm-\n-Iƒ ]pe¿Øn-h-cp-∂p. bcq-itew sIm

≈bv°ptijw \_p-°Zv\-kv¿ cmPmhv Ahsc XS-hp-Im-cmbn

]nSn-°p-Ibpw _man-bm≥ F∂ ÿe-Øn-∂-Sp-Øp≈ tKmdn¬

(Ghour) Ahsc IpSn-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Jmen-Zv _n≥

heo-Zns‚ hc-hn-\p-aptº Ah¿ blq-Z-aXw IWn-i-ambpw

]pe¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂p.

A vKm-\n-Iƒ

ImgvN-bn¬ A vKm-\n-Iƒ F√m -\n-e-bnepw PqX-∑m¿°v

kZr-i-ycmWv. Ah-sc-t∏mse Ch¿°n-S-bnepw Cf-b-k-tlm-

Z-c≥ aqØ ktlm-Z-cs‚ hn[-hsb hnhmlw sNøp∂ hg-

°-ap-≠v. lndm-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mb ^©v k©mcn F¬.-

]n. s^cnb¿ (L.P.Ferrier)36 Cu ]tZ-iØv [mcmfw Ckm-tb

¬°m-cp-s≠∂pw Xß-fpsS aX-hn-izm-k-]-Im-c-ap≈ BNm-

c-a-cym-Z-Iƒ A\p-jvTn-°m≥ Ah¿ ]q¿Æ-kzm-X-¥yap-≈-h-

cm-sW∂pw ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. ]¥≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ kvs]

bn\nse tSmsftUm (Toledo)Imc-\mb d∫n-_n≥ bman≥ "Im

WmsXt]mb tKmX-ß-'sfbpw Xnc™p ]pd-s∏- p. Cu PqX-

∑m¿ ssN\, Cdm≥, Xn_Øv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv IpSn-bn-

35. The Lost Tribes - George Moore, M.D. p. 143 - 147.36. History of the Afghans - L.P. Ferrier, tran. W.M. Jesse Pub, John Murray, Lond.

P.I. (Footnote)


cp-Ø-s∏- -sX∂v At±lw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. F.-Un. 93¬

PqX∑m-cpsS ]q¿∆n-I-N-cn-X-sa-gp-Xnb tPmkn- kv (Josephus)

Xs‚ ]Xn-s\m-∂m-asØ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Fkm-]-hm-N-I-

t\m-sSm∏w _‘-\-Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w ]m]n® PqZ-∑m-sc-

°p-dn®v hnh-cn-°p∂ Iq -Øn¬ ]Øp tKmX-ßƒ A°m-

eØpXs∂ bq^´okn\pa∏pdamWv IpSnbncpØs∏´sX

∂pw AhcpsS P\kwJy FÆn°W°m°m\mhns√∂pw

]dbp∂p. ""bq - o-kn∂∏p-dØv'' F∂p-h-®m¬ t]¿kybpw

Ing-°≥ ]tZ-i-ßfpw F∂p-X-s∂-bm-W¿∞w. A©mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ Pohn® sPtdmw ]pWy-hm-f≥ (St. Jerome) CXp kw_-

‘n-®p-Xs∂ tlminbm ]hm-N-I-s\-°p-dn®p ]Xn-]m-Zn-°sh

A∂p-sXm´p bnkm-tb-ense ]Øp-tKm-X-ßƒ ]¿Øy-cm-

Pm-hn-s‚- -t]m-d-kns‚˛Io-gn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw am¿Pn-\n¬ ]d-

bp-∂p. AtX ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ H∂mw hmey-Øn¬ Iu≠v

Pphm≥ sÃdmw (Count Juan Steram) KŸ-Øns‚ 233- 234- mw mK-

Øv, bcq-itew \mi-Øn-∂p-tijw \_p-°-Zv\-kv¿ Ahsc

_man-bm≥ ]tZ-i-tØbv°v (A- vKm-\n-kvXm-\n¬ tKmdn\p

kao-]-ØmWv Cu ÿew) \mSp-I-S-Øn-b-Xmbn A vKm-\n-

Iƒ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-s≠∂p ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.

Pn.-Sn. hnKvs\ F v.-Pn.-F-kv. (G.T. Vigne F.G.S) Fgp-Xnb

"Kkv\n, Im_qƒ, A vKm-\n-kvXm≥ kµ¿i-\-hn-h-cWw' (A

Narrative of a visit to Ghazni, Kabul and Afghanistan-1940) F∂

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ "ap√m JpZm-ZmZv' Fs∂m-cmƒ "aPva-D¬ A≥

km_v' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬\n∂p, C]-Imcw hmbn-®p-tIƒ∏n-

®-Xmbn ]d-bp∂p: ""bm°q-_ns‚ aqØ ]pX≥ blqZm Ah-

cpsS ]pX≥ Dkvd-°v, Dkvd-°ns‚ ]pX≥ AJv\q¿, AJv\q-

dns‚ ]pX≥ aB-en_v, aB-en-_ns‚ ]pX≥ ^¿em-bn,

^¿em-bn-bpsS ]pX≥ Jbvkv, Jbvkns‚ ]pX≥ Xmeq-Øv,

Xmeq-Øns‚ ]pX≥ A¿an-b, A¿an-b-bpsS ]pX≥ A v


Km≥, A vKm-\ns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m¿ A vKm-\n-Iƒ. A vKm-

\ns‚ t]cn¬\n∂mWv A vKm≥ P\-X-bpsS t]cp≠m-b-

Xv. \_q-°-Zv\-k-vdns‚ ka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp∂p A vKm≥.

bnkm-tbens‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-c-\m-bn- mWv At±-l-sØ-∏‰n

]d-b-s∏- p-t]m-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øn\v \mev]Xv a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp

∂p. 2000 sIm√w tijw 34- mw Xe-ap-d-bnemWv Xncp-\-_n-bp

sS ImeØv Pohn® Jbvkv P\n-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ ]n¥pS

¿®-°m¿ 64 Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn s]cp-In. A vKms‚ aqØ-]p-X\m

b k¬av kztZ-i-amb kndn-b-bn¬\n∂p lndm-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈

Kusd aivtImlv (Ghaur Mash Koh)¬ IpSn-tb-dn-Øm-akn-®p. At±-

l-Øns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m¿ A vKm-\n-kvXm-\n¬ ]c-∂p.

A vKm≥Im¿ Xß-fpsS hwi-]m-c-ºcyw Ckmt-b¬

cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂ iuen¬\n∂m-cw- n-°p-∂-Xmbn Ah-Im-i-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw Xßsf Ckmt-b¬ k¥-Xn-I-fmbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xmbn sPbnwkv ss_kns‚ (James Bryce F.G.S)

"F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Hm v tPymK^n' (Encyclopaedea of Ge-

ography) F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p (t].11). A vKm-\n-Iƒ

Xßƒ PqX-hw-i-P-cm-sW∂p ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xmbn Ae-

Ivkm-≠¿ t_¨kv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. Ahsc _m_q¬

cmPmhv Iog-S-°n-b-tijw Im_q-fn\v hS°v ]Sn-™m-dp≈

Kudn¬(Ghaur) IpSn-]m¿∏n-°pI-bp-≠m-b-sX. F.Un. 622 hsc,

Ah¿ PqZ-a-X-Øn¬Xs∂ Dd-®p-\nev°p-I-bp≠m-sb-¶nepw

Jmen-Zv _n≥ A_vZp√mlv (Jm-en-Zv _n≥ heoZv Bbn-cn-°-

Ww˛ K.) Cu tKmX-Øns‚ Hcp Xe-hs‚ aIsf I√ymWw

Ign-°pIbpw Ah-sc√mw As°m-√w-Xs∂ Ckvemw-a-X-a-h-

ew-_n-°bpw sNbvXpsh∂pw AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

tIW¬ Pn.-_n. at√-k¨ (Col.G.B. Malleson) "A vKm≥

NcnXw' (History of Afghanistan) F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ (Lond. 1878)

A vKm≥Im¿ _\o-bn-kmt-b¬ hwi-]-c-º-c-bn¬s] -h-cm-


sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ lndm-Ønse A_p-Zp-√m-lvJm≥, ^©v

k©m-cn-bmb ^nb¿ tPm¨ (Friar John) hnipX Hmdn-b‚-en-

Ãmb k¿ hneyw tPm¨kv (Sir William Johns) F∂n-h¿ GIm- n-

]m-b-°m-cm-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Ah¿ _\o-bnkm-tbense

ImWm-sX-t]mb ]Øp-tKm-X-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-S¿-®-°m-cm-Ip∂p

(p.39). A vKm≥Im¿ bnkm-tbense ImWm-sX-t]mb ]Øp

tKmX-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-cm-sW-∂pw, A vKm≥Im-cp-sS-

X-s∂bpw A`n-]mbanXm-sW∂pw ]uc-kvXy-N-cn-X-Im-c-∑m-

cn¬ qcn-]-£hpw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn F¬.-]n. s^cn-

b¿ "A vKm-\n-I-fpsS NcnXw' (History of Afghans, Lond. 1858) F∂

]pkvX-I-Øn¬˛ Iym]v‰≥ Uªyq. Fw. P n (Captain W.M.

Jasse) X¿÷a sNbvXXv H∂mw mKØv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠v.

\mZn¿imlv C¥ysb BI-an® Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ]nim-h-

dn¬h®v bqkv v skbv (Yusuf Zai) tKmX-Øns‚ Xe-h-∑m¿

At±-l-Øn\p ln_p-hn-se-gp-Xnb ss_ _n-fns‚ Hcp ]Xn-

bpw, ]kvXpX IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ kq£n-°-s∏- p-h-∂Xpw ]≠p-

]t≠ ]pe¿Øn-t∏m∂ aX-hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-

∂-Xn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-t∏m-∂-Xp-amb a‰p-hkvXp-°fpw

kΩm-\n-®n-cp∂p sh∂-Xn-tebv°v A vKm-\n-I-fpsS ]°¬

sXfn-hp-I-fp-s≠∂p AtX Ncn-X-Im-c≥ ]kvXpX KŸ-

Øns‚ \memw t]Pn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. \mZn¿im-bpsS tIºnepw

PqZ-∑mcp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hkvXp-°ƒ I≠-t∏mƒ PqZ-∑m¿

Ahsb thK-Øn¬ Xncn-®-dn-™p. lndm-Ønse A_vZp-√m-

lvJms‚ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ hniz-k-\o-b-am-sW∂pw AtX Ncn-

X-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Øs∂ \memw- t]Pn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Cu

A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Npcp-°-Øn¬ CXmWv; XmeqØv cmPm-hn\p

(iu-en-\p) c≠p a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A vKm\pw Pmeq-Øpw.

Cu Iq -cpsS Ipe-]-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p A vKm-≥. Zmhq-Zn-s‚bpw

ie-tam-s‚bpw c-W-Øn-\p-tijw bnkmt-b¬ tKmX-ßƒ

XΩn¬ bp≤-ßƒ \S-∂n-cp-∂p. CXns‚ ^e-ambn Hmtcm


tKmXhpw n∂n®p AI-∂p-t]m-bn. \_q-°Zv\kv-dns‚ Ime-

tØmfw Cu Ahÿ Xp-S¿∂n-cp-∂p. \_q-°Zv\kv¿ BI-

aWw kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw 70,000 PqX-∑msc sIm√p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Abmƒ \Kcw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-ti-jn® PqX-

∑msc XS-hp-Im-cmbn _mt_-en-te°v ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hn]-Øn-\p-tijw A vKm≥ k¥-Xn-

Iƒ b-s∏- p. PqZn-b-bn¬\n∂p Atd-_y-bn-te°v HmSn-t∏m-

IpIbpw AhnsS Gsd°mew hkn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m-

epw, sh≈hpw q-anbpw hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\mepw a\p-

jycpw P¥p-°-fp-sa√mw IjvS-s∏- p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\mepw

Ah¿ C¥y-bn-te°v amdn-Øm-akn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

A_vZm-en-I-fmb Hcp hn`mKw Atd-_y-bn¬Øs∂ Xßn.

lZvdØv A_q-_-°-dns‚ Jnem- Øv ImeØv Ah-cpsS

Xe-h-∑m-cnsemcmƒ Jmen-Zv _n≥ heo-Zp-ambn sshhm-ln-I-

_-‘-Ønte¿s∏- p. Cdm≥, Ad-_n-Iƒ°v A[o-\-s∏- -t∏mƒ

Cu hn`mKw Atd-_y-bn¬\n∂p Cdm-\nse kwÿm-\-ß-

fmb mdm-_nepw In¿am-\nepw IpSn-am-dn-Øm-a-kn-®p. sN¶n-

kvJms‚ BI-a-W-Im-ew-hsc Ah¿ Ahn-sS-X-s∂-bmWv

hkn-®-Xv. sN¶n-kvJms‚ BI-a-W-ßƒs°-Xnsc A_vZm-

en-Iƒ \n -lm-b-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿, aIm≥, kn‘v,

apƒXzØm≥ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-eqsS C¥y-bn¬ hs∂-Øn.

Ah¿°v ChntSbpw kam-[m\w e`n-®n-√. HSp-hn¬, Ah¿

tImsl kpebv-am-\n-tebv°pt]mbn. a‰p A_vZm-en-tKm-X-

°mcpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w tN¿∂p. Ah-sc√mw IqSn 24 tKmX-

ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A vKm\p aq∂p a°-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kdm-

_Øv (k-dm-_m≥), A¿°niv (K¿K-ivXv), I¿em≥ (_-X-≥).

Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F´p a°ƒho-Xw. Ah¿ 24 tKmX-ß-fmbn

s]cp-In. Hmtcm tKmXhpw Hmtcm ]pXs‚ t]cn-emWv Adn-

b-s∏- -Xv. Ah-cpsS t]cpw tKmXhpw NphsS sImSp-°p∂p.


kdm_-¥ns‚ a°ƒ tKmX-t∏¿

A_vZm¬ A_vZmen

bqkp v bqkp vkbn

_m_q¿ _m_qcn

hko¿ hkocn

temlm≥ temlm\n

_¿®v _¿®n

JqKn-b≥ JqKn-bm\n

idm≥ idm\o

K¿KivXv (A¿°miv a°ƒ) tKmX-t∏cv

Jn¬Pv Jn¬Pn

Im°¿ Im°cn

Paq-co≥ Paq-co\n

kXq-cn-bm≥ kXq¿bm\n

]o≥ ]o\n

Ikv Ikn

XIm≥ XIm\n

\-kzv¿ \kzvcn

I¿ems‚ a°ƒ tKmX-t∏¿

JS°v JS°n

kq¿ kqco

B vcoZv B vcoZo

Xzq¿ Xzqcn

kmkv kmko

_m_v _m_n

_wK-t\iv _wK-t\in

e¥n-]q¿ e¥n-]qcn

Plmw-Ko¿ NI-h¿Øn-bpsS ImeØv lnPvd 1018˛¬ Fgp-

X-s∏´ lndm-Ønse JzmPm \nAv-a-Øp√mbpsS "aJvks\

A vKm\n' (J¿°n bq\n-th¿kn-‰n-bnse s]m -k¿ t_¨


lm¿Uv tUmdm≥ X¿÷a sNbvXv ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. 1836

e≠≥) F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ Xmsg ImWn® A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬

C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:

H∂mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ Cu P\-X-bpsS (A- vKm-\n-I-fp-

sS) hwi-]m-c-ºcyw Bcw- n-°p∂ bmt°m-_ns‚ bnkmt-

bens‚ NcnXamWp-≈-Xv. c≠mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬, XmeqØv

cmPm-hns‚ Ncn-X-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, A vKm-\n-I-fpsS

hwi-]-c-ºc Xmeq-Øn¬\n-∂mWv XpS-ßp-∂-X-sX.

22- Dw 23- Dw mK-ß-fn¬ C]-Imcw ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p∂p:

Xmeq-Øn\p c≠p a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _¿Jn-bmbpw A¿an-

b-mlpw. _¿Jn-bmbv°v Hcp ]pX-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p Bkzn v.

A vKm\p 24 ]pX-∑m-cm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ckm-tbey-cn¬

BcpwXs∂ A vKms‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-tcmSv Xpey-s∏-Sp-Øm-

hp-∂-h-cn-√.

65- mw `mKØv \_q-°Zv\kv¿, imw(-kn-dn-b) apX-emb

cmPy-ßƒ apgp-h\pw Iog-S-°p-Ibpw bnkm-tben tKmX-°m

sc \mSp-I-S-Øp-Ibpw tKm¿, Kkv\n, Im_qƒ, I≠-lm¿,

tImsl^n-tdmiv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ IpSn-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbv

Xp-sh∂pw Chn-S-ß-fn-emWv Bkzn- ns‚bpw A vKm-s‚bpw

hwi-]-c-º-c-Iƒ ]tXy-In®pw hmk-ap-d-∏n-®-sX∂pw ]kvXm-

hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

]kvXpX ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ 37 Dw 38 Dw t]Pp-I-fn¬

"aPva-D¬ A≥km_v' F∂ KŸ-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hn-s\bpw

"Xmco-sJ-Kp-kn-Zm-'bpsS I¿Øm-hmb akvXu- n-sbbpw B[m-

c-am-°n-s°m≠p C]-Imcw ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xncp-\-_n-

bpsS ImeØv JmenZv _n≥ heo-Zv, tKm¿]-tZ-iØv \_q-

°Zv\kvdns‚ ImeØv ]m¿∏p-d-∏n-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp∂ A^m-Km-

\n-Isf Ckvemw aX-Øn-tebv°v £Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Xmeq-

Øns‚ 37- mw ]c-º-c-bnse ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-c-\mb Jbvkns‚


t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ A vKm≥ Xe-h-∑m¿ Xncp-\-_n-bpsSbSp-

°¬h∂p. (C-hnsS A_vZp¿ dioZv Jbvkns‚ hwi-]-c-ºc

iuen¬ AYhm Xmeq-Øn¬ sN∂p-ap- p-∂-Xmbn ImWn-®n-

´p-≠v). Xncp-\_n (k) ]kvXpX tKmX-Ø-e-h-∑m¿°v "I∏-

ens‚ ]¶mbw' F∂¿∞-ap≈ "]Øm≥' F∂ _lp-am-\-

\maw A\p-K-ln-®-cp-fp-I-bp-≠mbn. Ipd®p \mfp-Iƒ°p-ti

jw Xe-h-∑m¿, Xß-fpsS ]tZ-i-tØbv°v Xncn-®p-sN∂p Ckv

emwaXsØ ]t_m-[\w sNøm≥ XpS-ßn.

"aJvks\ A vKm≥' F∂ CtX KŸ-Øn¬ 63- mw mK

Øv _\o A vKm≥, _\o A vKm\m F∂o _lp-am-\-

t∏-cp-I-sf-∏‰n co-Zp-±o≥ AlvaZv, Xs‚ cnkmem Akv\m

s_ A vKm-\nø' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Xmsg]d-bp∂ Hcp

]kvXm-h\ \evIn-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. aPq

knbmbn-cp∂ \_q-°Zv\kv¿ bnkvdmt-b-en-I-tfbpw imw]-

tZ-ihpw Iog-S-°p-Ibpw Pdq-kew sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-

tijw Ckmtben XS-hp-Imsc ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn ASn-

a-I-fm°n \mSp-I-S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Abmƒ tamsi-bpsS \ymb-

]-amWw ]n¥p-S¿∂ ]e tKmX-ß-sfbpw ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-

t]m-bn. Ah-cpsS ]mc-º-cy-hn-izmkßƒ Isøm-gn®p ssZh-

Øn-\p-]-Icw Xs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p-I-bp-≠m-

sb-¶nepw Ah¿ A]-Imcw sNøm≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. AXp-Im-

c-Ww, \_q-°Zv\kv¿ B tKmX-Øn¬s∏´ alm-_p-≤n-am-

∑mcpw Adn-hp-≈-h-cp-amb c≠m-bn-c-tØmfw t]sc sIm∂p-

I-f-bpIbpw _m°nbp≈-h-tcmSp Xs‚ kmam-Py-Øp\n∂pw

imw]-tZ-iØp\n∂pw Hgn-™p-t]m-bn-s°m-≈-W-sa∂p Iev ]n-

°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Ah-cn¬ Hcp hn`mKw \_q-°Zv \kv-dn s‚

`c-W-]-tZ-iØp\n∂p Hcp Xe-hs‚ Iogn¬ Hgn-™p-t]m-bn,

sKu¿ Ip∂p-I-fn¬ hmk-ap-d-∏n-®p. Ah-cpsS Xe-ap-d-°m¿

ChnsSXs∂ IpSn-bp-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw s]‰p-s]-cp-Ip-Ibpw P\-ßƒ

Ahsc _\oCkmt-b¬ F∂pw _\o Bkzn v F∂pw

_\o A vKm≥ F∂pw hnfn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.


64- mw ]pdØv C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p: "XmcosJ A vKm\n'

"XmcosJ tKmcn' XpS-ßnb hniz-k-\o-b-ß-fmb Ncn-X-tc-J-

Iƒ, A vKm-\n-If[n-Ihpw _-\o-bn-kmt-bemsW∂pw Ah-

cn¬ Nne¿ Jn_vXn (Coptics)Ifn¬s∏- -h-cm-sW∂pw Du∂n-∏-

d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv. CXn-\p-]p-d-sa, Nne A vKm-\n-Iƒ Xßsf

CuPn-]vjy≥ ]c-º-c-bn¬s∏- -h-cmbn Icp-Xp-∂p-s≠∂pw

A_p¬ -Zv¬ ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. _\o-Ckmt-b¬ CuPn-

]vXn-tebv°v bcq-i-e-an¬\n∂p Xncn-®p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Cu tKm

Xw (A- vKm-\n-Iƒ) C¥y-bn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-Øm-a-kn®psh ∂-

XmWv CX-ntebv°v Imc-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m- p-∂-Xv. 64- mw ]pd

Øv co-Zp-±o≥ AlvaZv, "A vKm≥' F∂ _lp-aXn t]cn-

s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv C]-Im-c-amWv: "A vKm≥' F∂ ÿm\-

t∏-cns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw (kn-dn-b-bn¬\n∂p-≈) \mSp-

I-S-Ø-en-\p-tijw Ah¿ Ft∏mgpw hoSp-I-sf-tbm¿Øp Xe-

bn- -Sn-°p-Ibpw Ic-bp-Ibpw ( -Km≥) sNbvXp-t]m-∂n-cp-∂-

Xn-\m-emWv A vKm\ F∂ t]¿ h∂-sX∂p Nne¿ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. k¿ tPm¨ am¬°w (Sir John Malcom)

CtX (History of Persia, vol,1, p.101) A`n-]m-b-°m-c-\m-W-sX.

63- mw mK-Øv, al-_-XvJms‚ ]kvXm-h\ D≤-cn-®n- p≠v:

""Ah¿ ie-tams‚ (kp-ebv-am≥ \_n-bp-sS) A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw

_‘p-°-fp-am-bn-cn-°-bm¬ Ahsc Ad-_n-Iƒ kpe-bvam-\n-

Iƒ F∂p hnfn®p t]m∂p.''

Xßƒ PqXhw-i-P-cm-sW∂p A vKm≥Im¿ kzbw Icp-

Xn-t∏m-cp-∂psh∂p an°-hmdpw F√m B[p-\nI Ncn-X-Im-c-

∑mcpw Kth-j-W-ßfpw sXfn-bn-®p-Im- p-∂-Xmbn 65- mw mKØv

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Nne B[p-\nI Ncn-X-Im-c-∑mcpw

CtX ho£Ww Xs∂-bmWv AY-hm, AXp- k-Xy-am-sW-∂n-

S-tØm-f-ap≈ A`n-]m-b-amWv ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv.

A vKm-\n-Iƒ PqX-t∏-cp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®Xv Ckvemw-aXw

kzoI-cn-®-Xp-\n-an-Ø-am-sW∂ A`n-]m-bsØ kw_-‘n-®n-


S-tØmfw X¿÷-a-°m-c-\mb _¿WmUv tUmds‚ ho£-

WsØ ]n¥m-ßp∂ Hcp sXfnhpans√∂p ]d-tb-≠n-cn-°p

∂p. ]©m-_ns‚ DØ-c-]-›na `mK-ß-fn¬ lnµp-°-fn¬

\n∂p apkvenw-I-fmbn amdnb tKmX-ßƒ \nh-kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Ah-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ PqZ-Pm-Xn-°m-cp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ t]cp-I-f-

√. apkvenw-I-fmbn amdp-∂-tXmsS PqXt∏-cp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®p-

sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-s√∂v AXp hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp-∂p.

A^vKm-\n-Iƒ°v PqX∑m-cp-ambn A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb

kmay- m-h-ß-fp-≠v. A vKm-\n-Iƒ PqX-hw-iy-cm-sW∂ hmZ-

tØmSp tbmPn-°mØ ]fin-X-∑m¿Xs∂ Cu bmYm¿∞yw

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ PqXhw-iycmsW∂-Xn-te°v \ap°v

e`y-amb Htcsbmcp sXfnhv CXm-bn-cn-°mw. CXv kw_-‘n®p

k¿ tPm¨ am¬°w ]d-bp-∂Xp C]-Im-c-amWv:

""Jpdm-km-s‚bpw kn‘p \Zn-bp-sSbpw CS-bn-ep≈ ]tZ-

iØv Xma-k-ap-d-∏n® A vKm≥ tKmX-ß-fpsS XpS-°-sØ-

∏‰n hnhn[ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-bn- mWv hnh-cn-

®n- p-≈-Xv. Ah¿ \_q°-Zv\-kv-dn-\m¬ XS-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSn-

°-s∏- n-cp∂ PqXtKm-X-ßsf hwi-]-c-ambn ]n¥p-S¿∂n- p-

≈-h-cm-sW∂pw Nne¿ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. Ah-cpsS Xe-h-∑m¿,

IpSpw-_ßƒ Zmho-Zn¬\n∂pw iuen¬\n∂pw XpS-ßp-∂-Xmbn

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-ap-≠v. Cu A`n-am-\-]q¿Æ-amb ]n¥p-S¿®

sb°pdn-®p≈ Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hmZw hfsc kwi-bm-h-l-

am-sW-¶nepw Ah-cpsS ]Xy-£- m-h-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]tbm-K-

co-Xn-I-fn¬\n∂pw Ah¿ t]¿ky-°m-cn¬\n∂pw XmØm-cn-I-

fn¬\n∂pw C¥y-°m-cn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-cmb Pm

Xn-°m-cm-sW∂p hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. CXp-am-X-amWv AØ-c-

samcp ]kvXm-h-\bv°v Fs¥-¶nepw hniz-k-\o-bX ssIh-cp-

Øp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, FXtbm i‡n-a-Ømb bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ

aptJ\ CXp Jfin-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. CXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°-

Ø° ]Xy-£-amb sXfn-shm∂pw D∂-bn-°-s∏- n- p-an-√.


Hcp P\hpw as‰mcp P\hpw XΩn-ep≈ mh-km-Zr-iyß

ƒ ]eXpw sXfn-bn®p Im´p-∂-h-bm-Im-sa-¶nepw PqX-∑m-cpsS

]Xy-£- m-h-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Iivao-cn-Iƒ PqX-hw-iy¿ Xs∂-

bm-sW-∂-Xn¬ kwi-bn-°m-\n-√. CXp _¿Wy¿ amX-a-√,

t^m¿Ãdpw, a‰p Nne ]fin-X-∑mcpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p-≠v.

_¿Wy-dpsS A`n-]m-b-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw

Xm≥ Iivao-cn-I-fpsS CS-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ PqXP-\-tØm-

sSm-∏-am-sW∂ tXm∂-emWv X\n-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂p

t^m¿Ã¿ hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v.

"Iivaocn' F∂ ]ZsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw F.-sI.

tPm¨Ãs‚ "`qan-im-kvX-\n-L≠p' (Dictionary of Geography)

F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ 259˛mw t]Pn¬ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hm°p-

Iƒ ImWmw.

250- mw t]Pn¬ Iivao¿ (KASHMIR) F∂ Xe-s°- n\p

Iogn¬ C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:

""s]m°w IqSn-b-hcpw I\-Øp-d® ico-c-L-S-\-bp-≈-hcpw

]ucpjw ap‰n-b-h-cp-am-Ip∂p Iivao-cn-Iƒ kvXoIƒ AwK-

ku-jvThap≈hcpw kpµ-cn-amcpw PqX-∑m-cp-sS-Xp-t]mep≈

XØ-®p-≠≥aq°pw mh-ß-fp-ap-≈-h-cp-am-Ip-∂p.''

""khmXn''(Sawathi)bpw ""B vdo-Zn''(Afridi)bpw F∂ Xe-s°-

ń¬ "knhn¬ B‚ v anen-‰dn Kk‰v' F∂ ]X-Øn¬, (1898

\hw-_¿ 23) _nójv Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ \c-hw-i-imkvX

hn`m-K-Øns‚ ASp-Øp-I-gn™ Hcp tbmK-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-

∏n® it≤-bhpw hne-s∏´Xpamb ]_‘w ]p\x-]-kn≤w

sNbvXn- p-≠v. \c-hw-i-im-kvX-K-th-jWw kw_-‘n® IΩn-

‰n-bpsS ioX-Im-e-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈-Xm-Wn-

Xv. ]_-‘-Øn¬ C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:

""_nójv Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ ASp-Øp-I-gn™ Hcp

tbmK-Øn¬ \c-hw-i-hn- m-K-Øn-\p-th≠n Xøm-dm-°o- p-≈Xpw


B¥-t]m-f-Pn-°¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq- ns‚ Hcp ioX-Ime ktΩ-f-

\-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b, hfsc hne-s∏- Xpw

it≤-b-hp-amb Hcp ]_-‘-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w Rßƒ

NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

""C¥y-bpsS ]Sn-™m-d≥ ]th-i-\Zzm-c-Øn-ep≈ A ¬

\nhm-kn-I-fmb ]Øm≥ AYhm ]Øm≥Im¿, hfsc ]pcm-

X-\-N-cn-X-Øn¬Øs∂ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- -h-csX; ]e tKmX-

ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw lntdm-tUm- kpw Ae-Ivkm-≠-dpsS Ncn-X-Im-

c-∑mcpw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. a≤y-Im-e-ß-fn¬, Ah¿

Iø-S-°nb ae-I-fn¬ Irjn sNbvXn- n-√mØ ]cp-°≥ acp- q-

an-]-tZiw "tdmlv' F∂pw Ahn-SpsØ \nhm-kn-Iƒ "tdmln-

e¿' F∂pamWv hnfn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pcm-X-\-cmb Cu tdmln-

e-cn¬ AYhm ]Øm≥ tKmX-°m-cn¬ qcn-]-£hpw A vKm

≥Im-sc-°mƒ aptº-Xs∂ AhnsSbp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Øm≥

`mj-bmb "]pivØp' kwkm-cn-°p∂psh∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-amXw

]Øm-≥Im-cmbn FÆ-s∏-Sp∂ A vKm≥Im-sc√mwXs∂

\_q°-Zv\-kv¿ _m_n-tem-Wn-bmbn¬ XS-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSn-

®p-sIm-≠p-h∂ tKmX-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-cmWv Xß-sf

∂p hmZn-®p-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn t\cn- p≈ IpSpw_-_‘w

ÿm]n-°m≥ Iq´m-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, Ah-sc√mw

Xs∂ ]pivØp mj kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw ]IvØm≥ hmen F∂

t]cn-ep≈ s]mXp-hmb ]Øm≥ knhn¬ A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ

AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXm-I-s´, ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw

tamsi-bpsS ]g-b-\n-b-a-ß-sf-bpw cPv]pØv PmXn-°m-cpsS

]pcm-X-\-amb A\p-jvTm-\-ß-sfbpw it≤-b-ambn Hm¿Ω-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂-h-bmWv Xm\pw.''

Ckmt-ben ]mc-ºcyw

Cu N¿®-bn¬ G‰hpw HSp-hn-embn \ap°v _‘-s∏-tS-

≠n-h-cp∂ ]Øm≥Imsc c≠p ][m\ kap-Zm-b-hn- m-K-ß-


fmbn th¿Xn-cn-°mw. AXm-b-Xv, hko-dn-Iƒ, B vcoZn-Iƒ,

Hmd°v skbn-Iƒ XpS-ßnb tKmX-ßfpw IpSpw-_-ßfpw

Dƒs°m≠ C¥y≥ hwio-b¿; ima-hw-io-b-sc∂p (Semitics)

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw \ΩpsS AXn¿Øn-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-S-

\ofw ]_-e-cm-bn- p-≈-h-cp-amb A vKm-\n-Iƒ. Ch-sc-√m-

hcpw Hcp-t]mse AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Aen-JnX \nb-a-]-am-W-

amb ]IvØm≥hmen Hcp kΩn-i-aq-e-am-bn-cn-°m≥ km≤y-

X-bp-s≠-∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. tamsi-bpsS \ymb-]-am-W-tØm-

sSm∏w cP-]pØv ]mc-ºcy-ß-fp-ambn CW-°n-t®¿ØXpw

apkvenw BNm-c-\-S-]-Sn-I-fn-eqsS \ho-I-cn-®-Xp-amb s]cp-am-

‰-®- -ß-fmWv \mw AXn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. "Zp¿ dm\n'-I-sf∂p

kzbw hnfn-°p-∂-hcpw H∂c \q‰m-≠n-\p-ap-tº Zp¿dm\o

kmamPyw ÿm]n-°-s∏´Xpap-X¬ Aßs\ sNbvXp-t]m-

∂n- p-≈-h-cp-amb A vKm-\n-Iƒ, Iniv F∂ t]cn-ep≈ Hcp

]q¿∆n-I≥ aptJ\ Ckm-tben tKmX-Øns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-

°m-cm-sW-∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ P\sØ Ckvem-anI

]hm-l-Øn-eqsS Xpg-™p-\o-°m≥ \nbp-‡-\mb Bsf-∂-

\n-e-bn¬ Inin\v, apl-ΩZv \_n(k) ]Øm≥ (kn-dn-b≥

`mj-bn¬ ]¶m-b-Øn\p ]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv) F∂ t]¿ \evIp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. ]Øm≥ AYhm ]IvØm≥ tZio-bXzw Ckvem-

an\p FXtbm aptºbp-≈-Xm-sW∂p apI-fn¬ \mw kqNn-

∏n-®n- p-≠-t√m. Ckm-tben P\-X-bp-am-bp≈ hfsc ]pcm-X-

\-_‘w AwKo-I-cn-°msX, A vKm-\n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hym]-

I-ambn \ne-\nev°p∂ Ckm-tben \ma-ßƒ°v \ymbo-I-

cWw Is≠ØpI Xptemw ]bm-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. CXn-t\-°mƒ

]bm-k-]q¿Æ-amWv Ah-cpsS Nne A\p-jvTm-\ßfpsS

thcp-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, s]k-l-Xo‰ (Pass-

over Feast) A vKm≥ P\X hfsc i≤m-]q¿∆w A\p-jvTn-

®p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv Xosc hnZym- ym-k-an-√mØ A vKm-\n-

Iƒt]mepw ]pe¿Øn-h-cp-∂p. a‰p ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ°pw \nZm-

\-am-bn- p≈ Fs¥-¶nepw ASn-ÿm-\-kXyw C√m-Xn-cn-°m≥


\n¿∆m-l-an-√. Cu Ckmt-ben _‘w Hcp bmYm¿∞yw

Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°m-sa∂v s_t√mkv (Bellows) Icp-Xp-∂p. F

∂m¬ At±lw hnhcn°p∂p: Inin¬\n∂p ]c-º-c-bmbn

DS-se-SpØ A vKm≥ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ aq∂p alm-im-J-I-

fnsem∂v kmcmt_m¿ F∂ t]cnednbs∏Sp∂p. ]pcm-X\

C¥y≥ tcJ-I-fn¬ ]d-bp∂ alm- m-c-X-bp-≤-Øn¬ Nµ-

_≥ (N-µ-hw-i-°m¿)amcm¬ tXmev∏n-°-s∏- -tijw A vKm-

\n-tebv°v IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø cP-]p-X-cpsS kqcy-hw-i-Øn-

\p≈ ]pcm-X-\-\m-a-Øns‚ ]pivØp cq]-amWv kmcm-t_m¿

F∂-Xv. AXpsIm≠v, A vKm≥ ]pcm-X\ cP-]p-X-tKm-X-

ß-fn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂ Ckmt-b-ey-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. A vKm

s‚ hwtimev]-Ønsb kw_-‘n® ]iv\-Øn-\p≈ G‰hpw

bp‡-amb adp-]-Sn-bmbn F\ns°t∏mgpw tXm∂n-bn- p-≈Xp

CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. C∂sØ A vKm≥Im-c≥ Xßsf ]mc-

º-cy-Øn¬ A_vd-lm-ans‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-cmb hcn-jvT-Pm-

Xn-°m-cm-bn- mWv Icp-Xn-t∏m-cp-∂-Xv. s]mXp-hmb `mjbpw

tKmX-a-cym-Z-bpsS \nb-am-h-enbpw aptJ-\-bmWv Ah¿ a‰p

]Øm≥Im-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kp]-kn-≤-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS Cu F√m KŸ-ß-fn¬

\n∂pap≈ D≤-c-WnIƒ H∂mbn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ, C¥y-

bpsS AXn¿Øn-I-fnepw kao-]-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-ambn ImW-

s∏-Sp∂ A vKm-\n-I-fpw, Iivao-cn-Ifpw Ckm-tb-ense ImWm-

sX-t]mb tKmX-ß-fn¬s∏´ _\o-Ckmt-b¬ Xs∂-bm-sW

∂v \njv]-£-\mb GsXm-cmƒ°pw ZrV-t_m≤yw hcnI

Xs∂ sNøpw. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ c≠mw mK-Øv, A√mlp

C—n-®p-sh-¶n¬, tbip-hns‚ C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-bpsS

A¥n-a-e£yw F√m Ckmt-ben tKmX-ß-fnepw kXy-]-

t_m-[\w sNøp-I-sb∂ Xs‚ I¿Øhyw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hkvXpX IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-ambn sXfn-bn-

®p-Im-Wn-°m≥ Rm≥ ian-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬


At±lw hy‡-am-°o- p-≈Xp Cu bmYm¿∞y-am-W-s√m.

AXn\m¬, At±lw C¥y-bnepw Iivao-cnepw h∂n- p-≠m-

bn-cn-°m-sa-∂-Xn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-s\m-∂p-an-√. t\sc-a-dn-®v,

At±lw Xs‚ IS-a-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-sXbpw \n¿∆-ln-°m-

sXbpw kz¿§-tØbv°v Itc-dn-t∏mbn F∂-XmWv B›-cym-

h-l-am-bn-Øo-cpI! Cu N¿® Rm≥ ChnsS Ah-km-\n-∏n-

°p-∂p.

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv

akolv auDuZv

JmZn-bm≥, Kp¿Zm-kv]q¿

1899 G]n¬ 25


-A-\p-_‘w

(APPENDICES)

tbip-hns‚ Iqivkw`hw:

]p\-cp-∞m-\tam ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\tam?

RESURRECTIONOR

RESUSCITATION?

am¿K-c‰v tembnkv tUhnUv

(_n.-F, _n.Un; Fkv.Sn.-Un)

sSh¿ F.- tem-bnUv tUhnUv(Fw.-Un, F^v.-B¿.-kn-.]n.)


a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]m]-s∏m-dp-Xn-°p-th≠n tbipIn

kvXp Ipcn-in¬ ]mW-XymKw sNbvXpsh∂mWv InkvXo-b-

temIw GI-I-WvT-ambn tLmjn-°p-∂-Xv. "Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-'sØ

bpw (Crucifixion) "]p\-cp-∞m-\'-sØbpw (Resurrection) Xß-fpsS

aX-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-ß-fmbn kzoI-cn® InkvXym-

\nIƒ, ]utemkv At∏m-kvX-e≥ ]Tn-∏n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v ""In

kvXp \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ°pth≠n Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fn≥ ]Im

cw acn®p'' (sIm-cn-¥y≥, 15:3) F∂pw ""InkvXp Dbn¿ sØ-

gp-t∂-‰n- n-s√-¶n¬ Rß-fpsS ]kwKw hy¿∞w, \nß-fpsS

hnizm-khpw hy¿∞w'' (sIm-cn-¥y≥ I, 15:14) F∂pw ""InkvXp

\ap°v th≠n im]-am-bn-Øo¿∂p \ymb-]-am-W-Øns‚ im]-

Øn¬\n∂v \sΩ hne°p hmßn'' (K-em-Xy¿, 3:13) F∂pw

hniz-kn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p.

blq-Z¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xm-I-s´, tbip I≈-]-hm-N-I-\m-I-bm¬

Xßƒ tbipsh Ipcn-in¬ Xd®p sIm∂psh∂pw ""Xq°-

s∏- -h≥ i]n-°-s∏- -h≥'' (B-h.21:23) F∂ Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-

Iƒ ]Imcw tbip i]n-°-s∏- -h≥ Bbn-cp∂psh∂p-a-sX.

tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv kz¿§-tØbv°v Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-I-b-√,

]mXm-f-ß-fn¬ (\-c-I-Øn¬) ]Xn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂pw

blq-Z¿ tLmjn-°p∂p!

F∂m¬, Ign™ Bbn-c-Øn-\m-\qdp sIm√-Øn-tesd

Ime-ambn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ tLmjn-®p-h-∂n- p-≈Xv ""At±-

lsØ Ah¿ (b-lq-Z¿) h[n-®n- n√; Iqin®psIm∂n- p-an√;

adn-®p, Ah¿°v At±lw (Iq-in-°-s∏- -h-s\-t∏m-se) kZr-

io-I-cn-°-s∏´p'' (4:157) F∂pw, ""Ah¿ At±-lsØ \n›-b-

ambpw sIm∂n- n√'' (4:158) F∂p-a-sX.

InkvXp Ipcn-in¬ acn-®n- n-s√∂v Ign™ c≠p \q‰m≠p

Ime-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ FXtbm _p≤n-cm-£-k-∑m¿ ]Jym-]n-°p-

Ibpw AXp kw_-‘n® N¿® \S-Øp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. At\


Iw Kth-j-W-ßƒ CXp kw_-‘n®p \S-Øn-bn- p-ap-≠v. In

kvXp Ipcn-in¬ acn®psh¶n¬ acn-°m-\p-≠mb ico-c-im-kvX-

]-c-amb Imc-W-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\p kq£va-amb hni-

I-e-\-ßƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AØcw hni-I-e-\-ß-

fn¬ Iqin¬ acn®psh∂ hnizmkØns∂mc-Sn-ÿm-\-hp-an-

s√-∂mWv sXfn-™-Xv. Cu bmYm¿∞yw ]e cq]-Ønepw

IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-embn sXfn-™p-h-cp-sa∂v Ckvem-an¬ ]h-

Nn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Hcp hni-I-e-\-]-

T-\-amWv ChnsS A\p-_-‘-ambn tN¿Øn- p-≈-Xv.

InkvXp-aX kwc-£-I≥ (Defender of the Faith) F∂ _lp-

aXn∏´w \evI-s∏´ _n´ojv knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-

bmb _n´ojv cm⁄n-bpsS ap≥cm-P-Iob NnIn-’-I-\mb

tUm. sSh¿ F.-tem-bnUv tUhnUpw At±-l-Øns‚ sshZn-

I-hn-Zp-jn-bmb ]Xv\nbpw tN¿∂p e≠-\nse tdmb¬ tImtf-

Pv Hm v nkn-jy≥kns‚ P¿W-en¬ Fgp-Xnb Hcp teJ-\-

Øn¬ tbip Ipcn-in¬ Xd-®-Xp-sIm≠v acn-®n- n-s√∂v kq£va

hni-I-e\w \SØn ÿm]n-®n- p≈ Imcyw Cw•-≠nse Inkv

Xob k -I-fn¬ hºn® tImfn-f°w krjvSn® kw -h-am-Wv.

1991 G]n-en¬ ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb Cu teJ\w Cw•-≠n¬

Hcp hm¿Øm-hn-πhw Xs∂ krjvSn-®n-cp-∂p.

˛ hnh¿Ø-I≥


]p\-cp-∞m-\tam

]p\-cp-÷o-h-\tam?tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-kw- hw kw_-‘n® saUn-°¬ tÃm

dn hfsc efn-X-am-Wv. KXvi-a-\-bnse hnja]q¿Æ-amb Hcp

cmXn-bv°p-tijw tbip AdÃv sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw XS-hn-em-

°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw tamsibpsS \ymb-]-am-W-Øn-s∂-Xnsc ]h¿

Øn-®p-sh∂p Btcm-]n-°-s∏´ \ne-bn¬ XnI®pw A\p- m-

h-iq-\y-amb Hcp \ym-bm-k-\-Øn\p apºn¬, kpt\-Zn-b-Øn-

\p1 apºn¬ lmP-cm-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbip-hn\p sIme-

in£ hn[n-bv°-s∏- -Xn-\m¬ (sh-≈n-bmgvN kqcym-kvX-a-b-

Øn\p aptº2 acWw kw- -hn-°-W-sa∂p≠mbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬

XnI®pw Ak-a¿∞-ambn F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-b-Ww) tdma≥K-

h¿-Æ-dmb s]m-¥n-bqkv ]nem-tØm-kns‚ ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-

t]m-bn. kpt\-Znbw Akq-b-bm-emWv C]-Imcw ]h¿Øn-

®n-cp-∂-sX∂p ]nem-tØmkv ImWp-I-bpw, eqt°m-kns‚ kp

hn-ti-j-]-Imcw tbip-hns\ sIme-in-£bv-°n-c-bm-°p-∂Xv

Hgn-hm-°m≥ sltcm-Zm-hp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. AhnsS IqSn-\n∂ P\-°q- -tØmSp tbip-hns\

1 Ckmt-b-ense 12 tKmX-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n¬\n∂v 6 ]Xn-\n-[n-IƒhoXwDƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv kpt\-Zo-bw. \nc-h[n ]cn-Nm-c-I-∑m-cp-≠m-Ipw.

2 kphn-ti-j-ßƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Jfin-X-amsbm∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-√. tbip-hns\ cmXn hfsc sshIn-bmWv XS-hn-em-°n-b-Xv. kpt\-Zn-b-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬ (A-sXmcp ASn-b-¥nc tbmK-am-bn-cn-°-Ww) lmPcmbXp AXn-cm-hnte-bpw. ]nem-tØm-kns‚ apºn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏- -Xm-Is´ D®-bv°pw. AXm-bXv, ]I¬ kabw Bdp aWn-°p-ap-tº, Nm´ ASn A-S-°-ap≈ ]n∂sØkw -h-ß-fpsS hnh-c-W-Øn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. aq∂mw aWn-°q-dn-emWv Ah¿Ahs\ Iqin-®-sX∂v am¿t°mkv ]d-bp-∂p(15:25) tbml-∂m≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Bdmw aWn-°p-tijw (12 aWn) F∂m-Wv. Cu Znhkw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv kqcym-kvX-a-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. tami-bpsS \nbaw ]am-Wn® \ne-bn¬ tbip-hns‚ acWw sh≈n-bmgvN AkvX-a-b-Øn\p aptº kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww (i-\n-bmgvN i∫Øp \mfm-Wt√m!). Bdmw aWn-t\cwapX¬ (12 aWn) HºXmw aWn-hsc (15 aWn-°q¿) A‘-Imcw (kq-cy-K-l-Ww) D≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂-Xn¬ aØm-bnbpw am¿t°mkpw eqt°mkpw GIm-`n-]m-b-°m-cm-Wv.


sIm√m≥Xs∂ DØ-c-hn- -Xm-bn3 ]nem-tØmkv Adn-bn-®p.

as‰√m sIme-∏p-≈n-I-sfbpwt]mse Cø-a-Wn-Ifpw B´ns‚

aq¿®-bp≈ F√n≥I-j-W-ßfpw Xq°n-bn´ A©mdp tXm¬

hm-dp-Iƒ saS™ Nm -sIm≠p tbip-hns\ Ah¿ ]l-cn-

®p. AXp ITn-\-amb \o‰epw ]pI-®nepw thZ-\bpw D≠m-

°p∂ apdn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ kr-jvSn-®p. FX-X-hW ASn®p F∂-dn-

bp-∂n-√4. ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ sIm√-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ hm¿jn-I-®-S-ßm

bn HØp-IqSn aZn-®p-√-kn-°p∂ ssk\n-I-N-Xz-c-Øn¬ (Pra-

etorium) Ah¿ tbip-hns\ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. hfsc CSp-ßnb

ÿeØv ]´m-f-°m-cpsS Iq´w (600 Hmfw t]cv) Hcp-an®p IqSn-

bm¬ lo\-amb F¥pw \S-°p-sa∂p \n›-b-am-W-t√m. AXn-

\n-S-bn¬ tbip-hns‚ s\‰n-Ø-S-Øn¬ Hcp tImep-sIm≠v

(Ko°v Ie-tam-kv)5 HcSn hoWp. CXp]t£, ]mtZ-in-I-ambn

dnIq v sNbvX ]´m-f-°msc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw6 A[n-Imc

Zfin-\p-]-I-c-am-bp≈ Hcm-bp[ambn-cp∂p! ZrIvkm-£n-I-fpsS

A`m-h-Øn¬ F¥p-\-S∂p F∂-Xn\p tcJ-I-fn-√. arKo-b-

amb s]cp-am-‰-Øn-\m-sW-¶n¬ tdma≥ ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ H´pw Ipd-

™-h-c-√-Xm-\pw.

\Sp°w krjvSn-°p∂ Iqc-hn-t\m-Z-ßƒ Zo¿Ln-∏n®p

3. Penrose L.S.''On the objective Study of Crowd Behaviour'' Lond. H.K. Lewis1952. 6-12.

4. Bucklin R. InkvXp-hns‚ hnNm-c-W-bp-sSbpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw \nb-a-]-chpw

ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-hp-amb hi-ßƒ ˛ Science and Law 1970; 10:14-þ26 tdma-

°m¿ tamsi-bpsS \ymb-]-am-W-Øn-s∂-Xn-cmb Ip‰-ßƒ°v \n›-bn-°-s∏´

ASn-bpsS FÆw \mev]-Xn¬ h¿≤n--∏n-°n-s√∂v˛ 39 BWv ]tbm-K-Øn¬˛

_°vƒ sX‰mb \ne-bn¬ Icp-Xp-∂p. aq∂n-semcp `mKw ASn amdn-S-Ønepw

_m°n ]pdØpw ASn-°-Ww. Ip‰-hmfn apt∂m-´m™ \ne-bn¬ ]ptcm-ln-

X≥ Cu in£ kn\-tKm-Kn¬h®v ]ip-°p-´n-bpsS tXmep-sIm-≠p saS-™p-

≠m-°nb aq∂p hmdp≈ NΩ- n-sIm≠p ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

5. Ko°v aqe-Øn¬ ""Ia-temkv'' F∂mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXns‚

A¿∞w ""Rmß-W-t°m¬'' AYhm RmßW sIm≠p-≠m-°nb G¥p hSn,

Aºv, Fgp-Xm-\p≈ D]-I-cWw AWßWsb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ hkvXp-\n-jvT-

amb F¥p-am-Imw.

6. tdma≥ c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ sNt¶m¬, Iøn-te-¥m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.


IqSm-bn-cp-∂p. ITn-\-amb s\mºcw \nanØw \mUo- n-Øn-I-

fn¬ c‡w In\n-™p-IqSn io¿j-\m-Un-I-fn¬ Fcn-®n-ep-≠m-

°p-Ibpw AXp lrZ-b-Øp-Sn-∏ns‚ Xmf-thKw Ipd-°p-Ibpw

(Brady Cardia) D≠mbn. c‡kΩ¿±hpw \mUn-an-Sn∏pw hfsc

Ipd-bp-Ibpw ]n≥`m-KsØ apdn-hp-I-fn¬\n∂v c‡w In\n-

s™m-gp-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbip afi-]-Øn¬ \nh¿∂p

\nevt°-≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂p. AhnsSh®p-≠mb ]oU-\-ß-fmepw

\nµ-\-ß-fmepw ico-c-im-kvX-]-c-amb \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-]-In-

b-Iƒ XS- -s∏- n-cn-°m\pw km≤y-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sIme-

in-£bv°v hn[n-°-s∏´ F√m-h-tcbpwt]mse tbip-hn\pw

sIme-acw (Patibulum) AYhm Ipcnip ]nt´m-dn-b-Øn¬\n∂v

sIme-°-f-amb sKmevtKm-Øm-hsc 600- 700 hmc (546- 637)

ao‰¿7 Npa-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 7 ASn (2.1 ao‰¿) x 6 C©v

(15 sk.-ao.) x 4 C©v (10 sk.-ao.) Af-hnep≈ I´n-acamsW-

¶n¬ -AXp 40 dmØ¬ (18 In.-Kmw) Xq°w hcpw. CXp Npa-

°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w tbip £oWn-®n-cp-∂p.

tbip-hns‚ ap≥ssI-Iƒ aWn-°-≠-Øn\p sXm´p-ap-I-

fn-embn Ipcn-in-t∑¬ AXp \ne-Øp-In-S-°p-tºmƒXs∂

BWn Xd®p _‘n-®n-cp-∂p. s]cpw-R-c-ºn\p ]cn-t°-‰n- n-

s√-∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Ipcn-in-t\m-sSm∏w tbip-hn-

s\bpw Db¿Øn-\ndpØn. AXn¬]ns∂ Ipcnip XSn-a-c-

tØmSp tN¿Øn- p. AtXmsS Ipcnip kwhn-[m\w ]q¿Øn-

bm-bn. tbip-hns‚ N¥n XSn-a-c-Øn¬\n-∂p D¥n-\n∂ Hcp

Xmßn¬ sIm≈n-®p-\ndpØn. s\-cn-bm-Wnbv°pw IpXn-R-c-

ºn\pw CSbn-embn BWn-b-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\v Im¬ap-

´p-Iƒ Ccp- m-K-tØbv°pw ]nW-®p-h-®p.8 tbip-hns‚ Xe

Ct∏mƒ IqSn-\n-∂-h-cn¬\n∂p GXm≠p 18 C©v (45 sk.-

ao.) Db¿∂pIm-Wpw; km[y-am-sb-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSp kwkm-cn-7. hmk-ÿ-e-ßƒ Fhn-sS-bm-sW∂p \n›-b-an-√. AXn-\m¬ IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Zqchpw ka-bhpw G‰hpw \√ A`yql-ß-fm-Wv.8. ]mZ-ßƒ°v Xm°w sh°p∂ kº-Zmbw ]nev°m-e-Øp-≠m-b-Xm-Wv.


°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[wXs∂.

Hcp sh≈n-bm-gvN-bmWv tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in-®-Xv. aWn-

°q-dp-Iƒ°ptijw (\n-th-Z-\-ßƒ ]Imcw aq∂p) Hcp kqcy-

K-lWw kw -hn-®p. CXn¬]ns∂ aq∂p aWn-°q-dp-I-gn™v

tbip Hcp i_vZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. CXn\p ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈

hymJym-\-ßfpw \evI-s∏- n- p-≠v. tbip acn®psh∂-Xn¬

t\m°n-\n-∂-h¿°v kwi-b-ap-≠m-bn-√. Iqiv kw`hw aqe-ap

≈ acWw km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ aq∂pw-\mepw Znhkw hsc

\o≠p-\nev°p-∂Xpw [cm-I¿j-W-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ hfsc

]bm-k-s∏´p izmkw Ign-°m-\p≈ sh]m-f-ßfpw ]nSn∏pw

D≠m-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp Zo¿L ]In-b-bm-Wv.9 CØcw Imcy-

ß-fn¬ AXy-[n-I-amb A\p- -h-]-cn-N-b-ap≈ Bfmbn Icp-

X-s∏´ ]nem-tØmkv Xmsg-bn-d-°m-\p≈ A\p-hmZw \evIp-

∂-Xn\p aptº tbip acn-®p-I-gn-™pthm F∂p Dd-∏p-h-cp-

Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ At\z-jWw \S-Øn-®p. sKmevtKm-Øm-bn¬

\n∂p ]nem-tØm-kns‚ sIm´mcØn-te-°p≈ hgn-Zqcw IW-

°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in¬\n∂p Xmg-Øn-d-°m≥

]nem-tØm-kn¬\n∂v kΩ-X-sa-Sp-°p∂ Ht∂m ct≠m aWn-

°q¿ th≠n-h-∂n-cn-°pw. Cu kw -h-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn-ep≈ apg-

®p-\nev°p∂ hen-sbmcp t]mcmbvI Ipcn-in¬\n∂v icocw

Cd-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n® hnh-cWw Cs√-∂p-≈-Xm-

Wv. \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ tbml-∂m≥10 amXta Ip¥w-

sIm≠v hnem-∏p-dØv IpØn-b-t∏mƒ c‡hpw sh≈hpw Xpfn-

®p-h-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p-≈q. Aßs\ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kw -

hn®psh¶n¬ (em-k-dpsS IY11 aqehpw a‰p Imc-W-ß-fm-epw12

9. Ipcn-in¬ Xd-®p-sIm-√¬ G‰hpw Iqchpw lo\-hp-amb in£m-co-Xn-bmWv.Crudelissimum Laetertimumque supplicium - (In Verrem, V.64, The Verrineorations,Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann, 1928 - 1935). AXv AXn-Iq-c-am-

sW∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ F.-Un. 351-˛¬ tIm¨Ã‚-bn≥ NI-h¿Øn Iqin®p

sIm√¬ (Crucifixion) \ndpØ-em-°n.

10. tbml-∂m≥, 19:34


tbml-∂ms‚ hnizm-kyX sshZy-imkvX ho£-W-Øn¬ kwi-

bm-kv]-Z-am-bn- p-≠v) AXp NΩ´n ]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠mb Hcp

\o¿Ip-anf ]S-bmfn t\cw-t]m-°n\v IpØn-s∏m- n-®-Xm-hmw.13,14

Hdn-Pn≥ (Origen) F.-Un. 185- 254 ˛ c‡hpw sh≈hpw

Xpfn-®p-h∂ \ne-bnepw tbip acn-s®-∂p-Xs∂ hniz-kn-s®-

¶nepw arX-tZ-l-Øn¬\n∂v c‡w In\n-bp-I-bn-s√∂p At±

lw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.15 1847¬ kvs‰uUv (Stroud)16

tbip-hns‚ ac-W-Im-cWw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ ]cn-i-an-°p-∂-

X-ph-scbpw B hgn°v Hcp iahpw \S-Ø-s∏- n-cp-∂n-√. ]Xy-

£-amb Xf¿®sb ]cn-K-Wn®p lrZbw \n›-e-am-b-XmWv

(Ruptured heart) ac-W-Im-c-W-sa∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p. AtXb

h-k-c-Øn¬Øs∂ tbip kzta-[bm Bflm-hns\ hnSp-I-

bmtWm sNbvXXv F∂ ]iv\w kvs‰uUv A\p- m-h-]q¿∆w

N¿®-sN-øp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 1887- ¬ dnkvU¨ s_∂‰v (Risdon

Bennet)17 ""am\-kn-I-]o-U-\-I-fmep≠mb lrZbØI¿®-bm-

emWv (Rupture of heart from mental agony) tbip-hn\v acWw kw -

hn-®-sX∂pw AXp Ip¥w-sIm≠p hnem-∏p-dØv IptØ-‰-

Xns\ XpS¿∂v h¿≤n-®n-cn-°m-sa∂pw A`n-]m-b-s∏- p-sIm≠p

11. tbml-∂m≥, 11:3812. Barret C.K. - The Gospel according to St. John. London: SPCK, 1962, 46113. Brown R.E. - Gospel according to John. The Anchor Bible London: Geoffry

Chapman, 1978, Vol. 2, 935. Nyssein F∂ Ko°v ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w t\cnbap\-sIm≠v kv]¿in-°p-I, IpØp-I, Xpf-bv°pI F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv. hƒtK-‰n¬ Ko°v]mTw sX‰mbn hmbn-®p-sIm≠p Xpd-°pI F∂¿∞-ap≈ aperireF∂mWv A¿∞w \evIo-´p-≈-Xv. The AV and RSV use 'Pierced' to translateboth nyssein and, more accurately. ekkentein in John 19:27.

14. Wilkinson J. tbml-∂m≥ 19:34 se c‡hpw sh≈hpw Xpfn-®p-h∂ kw`hwScot J. Theal 1975, 28:149 (Wilkinson was medically qualified and ordained.)

15. Origen, Contra Celsum, (trans.H.Chadwick), Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1953, 96

16. Stroud W-Treatise on the Physical Cause of the Death of Jesus Christ and itsRelation to the Principles and Practice of Christianity. London: Hamilton & Adams,1847, 489.

17. Risdon Bennett J. Diseases of the Bible, London: Religious Tract Society, 1887,119 - 32 Sir James Risdon Bennett, FRS, was PRCP (London) 1876 - 1881


Hcp eLp-teJ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. Ima-tdmWpw (Camaron)18 sd≥

Uv¬tjm¿´pw (Rendle Short)19 am\-kn-Im-Lm-XsØ XpS¿∂v

Bam-ibw hep-Xmbn ho¿Øp-t]m-b-Xn-\m-emWv tbip-hns‚

acWw kw -hn-®-sX-∂p hniz-kn-®p (Acute dilation of the stom-

ach). Ima-tdms‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ AXp-am-c-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. c‡

hpw sh≈hpw Xpfn-®p-h-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-a-t\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn-

tesd Ah-bpsS ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-amb A¿∞-ß-fn-emWv

sd≥U¬tjm- n∂v Xm¬]cyw tXm∂n-b-Xv. lrZ-b-Ø-I¿®-

bmWv ac-W-Im-c-W-sa∂ kvs‰uUns‚ A`n-]m-bsØ

sshZn-I-im-kvX-Im-c-W-ß-fm¬Øs∂ Akw- m-hy-sa∂ph®v

At±lw X≈n-°-f-™p. tbip Ipcn-in¬ acn-®n-t -bn-s√∂p

]nwtdmkv (Primrose)20 A`n-]m-b-s∏- p. ico-cm-h-b-h-ß-fpsS

]h¿Ø\w AXy¥w _e-lo-\-amb Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv D≠m-

bn-cp-∂pXv (Somatic activities having been maintained at a very

low level) F∂pw, _mly-ambn acn® \ne-bn-em-bn-cp∂psh∂pw

Acn-a-Xy-°m-c-\mb tPmk- n-\p-th≠n \n¿Ωn® I√-d-°p-

≈n¬ sIm≠p-h-®-t∏mƒ ]q¿∆-\ne hos≠-Sp-Øp-sh∂pw

]nwtdmkv A`n-]m-b-s∏- p. At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬

sh≈w Xpfn-®p-h-∂Xp hb-‰n¬\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-I-m

cWw tbip-hns\ ]pdØpw hb-‰-Øp-amWv Nm -hm¿ ASn-®-

sX∂p At±lw sX‰mbn hnizkn®Xm-Wv. hn¬In≥k¨

(Wilkinson)21 Cu Bi-bsØ Jfin-°p-∂p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬

CXp Duln-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-Wv. tbip thK-Øn¬ acn-®p-t]m-

b-Xn-\p≈ ImcWw hnhcn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xsb hn¬

In≥k¨ Nq≠n-°m- p-I-bpw, kphn-ti-j-I¿Øm-°ƒ tbip-

hns‚ A`yq-ln-X-a-c-WsØ hnh-cn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn® hyXy

18. Chameron JL - The Gospel according to Saint John (summarised by RGVTasker). London: Tyndale Press. 1960.

19. Rendle Short A - The Bible and Modern Medicine, London: Paternoster Press,1953, 95.

20. Primrose WR - A surgeon looks at the Crucifixion. Hobart J 1948; 47:387. Prim-rose was senion anaesthetist at Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

21. Wilkinson J - The physical cause of the death of Jesus Christ. Expository Times1972; 83;104.


kvX Ko°p Inbm-]-Z-ßƒ22 kzb-tah Poh≥ Dt]-£n-°p-∂-

Xns\ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂psh∂p Fgp-Xp-Ibpw tbip ]pd-

s∏-Sp-hn® almi_vZw A]-Im-c-ap≈ ssIsh-Sn-b-ens\ Im

Wn-°p∂ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

FUvhmUvkv F‰v A¬ (Edwards at al) Hcp ]_-‘-Øn¬23

Ipcn-ip-kw- -h-Øns‚ Akm-[m-c-W-amb \nZm-\-im-kvX-hn-

h-c-W-tØmsS Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv tbip ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®

alm-i_vZw B]¬°-c-amb Ft¥m kw -h-Øns‚ ap∂-dn-

bn-∏m-bn-cp∂psh∂pw AXp Imc-W-amWv tbip acn-®-sX∂pw

]d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv. kw -hn-®n-cn-°m-hp∂ ImcWw c‡w I -

]n-Sn-®tXm c‡w Ipd-™tXm t]mep≈ H∂m-sW∂v (The

likely cause was thrombotic or arrhithmic in nature) Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p.

tbip Ipcn-in¬ acn-®Xp ITn-\-amb Xf¿®, ""sslt]m-thm-

fo-an°v tjm°v'' F∂nh Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]e Imc-W-ß-fp-

sSbpw IqSn-°p-g-®n¬ sIm≠msW∂ h¿ ]d-™p-sh-¶nepw

B Bi-bsØ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ah¿ apXn-cp-∂n-

√. hnem-∏p-dØv Ip¥w Xpf®p IS-∂n-cn-°m-sa-∂-XmWv Hcp

hnh-c-Ww. Xosc \S-∂n- n-√mØ Hcp kw -h-Øn¬ hnizmkw

D≠m-°m≥ ian-°p∂psh∂-Xn-\m¬ CsX-Xbpw Zu¿`m-Ky-

I-c-am-bn-t∏mbn!

A\p-am\w:˛ sIme-in-£bv°p hn[n-bv°-s∏´ F√m-h-

cpw-Xs∂ Nm -hm-dp-sIm≠v ]l-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. F∂mepw

Ipcnip Npa-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hÆw Ah-cmcpw AX-tbsd

£oWn-®p-t]m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬, tbip-hn\p afi-]-Øn¬

h®p Gevt°-≠n-h∂ ]oU-\-ßƒ, a‰p Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v sN

øm≥ Ign™ Imcyw At±-l-Øn\v sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ Hc-

h-ÿ-bp-≠m°n F∂p-≈-XmWv ]-_-e-amb \nK-a-\w. IqSp-

22 Mark and Luke use exepneusen - he breathed out; Mathew apheken - he sentforth, let go; and John paredoken - he delivered up, handed over.

23 Edwards WP, Wesely JG. Hosmer FE. On the physical death of Jesus Christ. JAmer Med. Assoc. 1986; 255:1455.


X-embn Xebv°v Hc-Sn-tb-‰Xp Ipcn-in-t∑¬ thK-Øn¬ Xf

¿∂p Ipg-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn. Ipcn-in-te-‰n-b-

t∏mƒ tbip-hn\v sR´¬ (shock) D≠m-b-Xp-Iq-SmsX c‡-k-

Ω¿±w hfsc Ipd-™-Xmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw (Hypotensive)

sNbvXp. Xe-t®m-dn-te-bv°p≈ tNmc-tbm´w Ipd-™p-t]m-I-

bm¬ t_m[w \jvSs∏Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. tbip-hns‚ N¿Ωw

Nmc-\n-d-am¿∂Xpw (Ashen Skin) icocw Ne-\-c-ln-X-am-bXpw ac-

W-ambn sX‰p-[-cn-°m≥ CS-bm-°n. t\m°n-\n-∂-h¿ tbip

acn®psh∂p-Xs∂ hniz-kn®psh∂-Xnsemcp kwi-bhpan√.

tbip ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® alm-i_vZw tamlm-e-ky-Øn\p (Synco

pe) aptºbp-≠mb H®-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb izmkw-hn-Se√msX as‰m-

∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¥mWv H®-bn- -sX∂ Imcy-Øn¬ GIo-

I-cn® hnh-c-W-an-√-Xm-\pw. Xe-t®m-dn-te-bv°p≈ HmIvkn-

P≥kssπ -h-fsc Ipd-™p-t]m-bn-cp∂psh¶nepw A]-I-S-hn-

Xm-\-tØmfw XmWn-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂oSp icocw Ipcn-in¬\n-∂n-d

°n tXm -Ønse I√-d-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-®-tXmsS c‡-]-cn-hmlw

km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn-em-bn. kqcy-K-l-W-th-f-bn¬ D≠mb ioX-

°m‰v c‡-k-Ω¿±w \ne-\ndpØm≥ klm-b-I-am-°n.

tbip Poh-e-£-W-ßƒ ImWn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ]ns∂

I√-d-bn¬h®n-√. i-∫-Øns‚ Xte-∂mƒ cmXn J_v-d-S-°-

I¿Ω-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pt±-in-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. icocw

Ahn-sS-\n∂p FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]mbn ImØp-kq-£n-®p.

tbip-hns‚ ]n∂o-Sp≈ ]Xy-£o-I-c-W-ßƒ AXp b

Ym¿∞ambmepw km¶ev]n-I-am-bmepw ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn-s‚

tbm ]p\-cp-÷o-h-s‚tbm A\n-tj-[y-Zr-jvSm-¥-ß-f-√. ktµ-

lm-kv]-Z-amb kz¿§m-tcm-l-Ww24 (Ascension) Hgn-®p-\ndpØn-

bm¬ At±-lsØ ]n∂o-Sp-I-≠-h¿ Bcp-an-√. tbip-hns‚

24. I√-d-bn¬ tbip-hns‚ icocw kvXo ImWm-™-t∏mƒ kphn-ti-j-ßƒ Hscm‰

Imcy-Øn¬ amXsa tbmPn-°p-∂p-≈q. I√v Dcp´n am‰-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-hns\

Bcpw Xs∂ I≠n-√. (Visualised) aØm-bnbpw (25-:166) am¿t°mkpw(16:7) ]d-bp-


Imev]-\nI ac-WsØ XpS¿∂p≈ aWn-°q-dp-I-fnepw Znh-

k-ß-fnepw BgvN-I-fnepw injy∑mcpw kvXoP-\-ßfpw

Xßƒ°p Xosc \nb-¥n-°m-\m-hmØ hnIm-c-Xo-hX aqe-

∂Xv ""Ah≥ ChnsS C√'' F∂p Hcp amemJ AYhm Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c≥ ]d™p

sh∂mWv (eq-t°mkv 24:16). acn-®-h-cn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-hs\ \nßƒ Xnc-bp-∂-

sX¥p? F∂p Ah¿ tNmZn-®-Xmbpw \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂p. tbml-∂m≥ BIs´,

IqSp-X¬ Imc-W-ß-f-S-ßnb Hcp IY-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (20:166). injy-

∑m¿ Xß-fpsS hoSp-I-fn-te°v t]mb-tijw aKvZ-e\°mcn adnb iq\y-amb I√-d-

bn¬ Ip\n-™p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ tXm´-°m-c-s\∂p sX‰n-≤-cn® Hcmƒ Ccn-°p-∂Xp

I≠p-sh∂pw F∂n´p tbip-hm-sW∂v hnizm-k-ambn F∂-Xp-amWv AXn¬ ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. I√-d-bpsS Dƒh-i-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ (tXm-a-kns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øntem Akm-∂n-

≤y-Øn-tem) hnh-cWw (20:19), (20:24) kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-

∂-Xm-Wv. Keo-ebn¬ tbip-hns‚ km∂n≤yw tbml-∂m≥ A\p-am\n°p-∂p-s≠-

¶nepw (21:1) Bsc-¶nepw I≠-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂n-√. bcpi-te-an\v 7 \mgnI AIse

FΩm-hp- n-te-°p≈ hgn-bn¬ CtX Xc-Øn-ep≈ kw`hw \S-∂-Xmbn eqt°mkv

(24:29) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tbip-hns\ Bsc-¶nepw I≠n-cn-°m-sa∂pw H∂m-asØ

]kvXm-h\ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-L-´-Øn¬, _Øm-\-e-bn-te-°p≈ ""hgn-bn¬ Ah¿

t\m°n-\nevs°'' (Ko-°n¬ Blepo) F∂ hm°p-I-fn-emWv AS-ßn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. (A-

t∏m. ]hr-Øn-Iƒ 1:9)

Cu ]Xy-£o-I-c-W-ßƒ km¶-ev]n-I-X-bpsS kvac-Wn-I-bm-bn-cn-°m-sa∂ i‡n-

a-Ømb A`n-]mbw Ko°v aqe-tØmSv tbmPn-°p-∂p-≠v. aØm-bnbpw eqt°mkpw

tbml-∂m≥t]m-epw, Cu ]Xy-£o-I-c-W-ß-sf-∏‰n hnh-cn-°p-tºmƒ ""slmdmthm''

(Horao) F∂ Ko°v Inbm-]-Z-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p-≈-Xv. hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb ImW¬

F∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w a\ psIm≠p ImWp-I, Zriy-am-Ip-I, A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bpI F∂n-

ß-s\bpw A¿∞-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv B ]Zw. tI∏mbv°pw ]¥≠p t]¿

°pw ]n∂oSv A™q-dn-e-[nIw ktlm-Z-c∑m¿°pw bmt°m-_n\pw X\n°pw tbip

]Xy-£-\m-b-Xns\ hnh-cn-°p-hm≥ ]utemkv CtX hm°m-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈Xv

(sIm-cn, 15:5). ]utem-kns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ U-a-kvI-kn-te-°p≈ hgn-bn¬h®p-≠mb

]Xy-£o-I-c-W-Øn¬ tbip-hns‚ imco-cnI km∂n-≤y-Øn\p km≤y-X-bn-√-t√m.

a‰p ]Xy-£o-I-c-W-ßfpw CtX-X-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-sW∂v At±lw hy‡-ambpw Icp-

Xn-bn-cp-∂p.

""Aev]-k-abw Ign-™m¬ \nßƒ Fs∂ ImWp-I-bn-√, ho≠pw Aev]-k-abw

Ign-™m¬ \nßƒ Fs∂ ImWpw'' F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ tbip-hns‚ ]kvXm-h\

(tbm-l-∂m≥ 16:16)bn¬ tbip c≠p hyXykvX Inbm-]-Z-ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®sX¶n

epw Cw•o-jn¬ CXp c≠pw ''see''(ImWp-I) F∂mWv ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øo- p-≈-Xv. BZy

sØ ImW¬ (see) Ko°p-`m-j-bnse "Xntbm-dntbm' (theoreo) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚

X¿÷-abpw (t\-cn´p ]Xy-£-am-bn-Xs∂ ImWpI F∂m-Wn-Xns‚ A¿∞w) c≠m-

a-sØXv ho≠pw "slmdmthm' (Horao) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ X¿÷-abpw!

Lindard B (Bodily resurrectionb but not empty tomb theology 1986, 59:90) injy-∑m-

cpsS ap∂n¬ tbip-hns‚ ]Xy-£o-I-c-W-ßsf hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bhiyw Imc-

W-am-bn- mWv Hgn™ I√-dsb°pdn-®p≈ IY D≠m-b-sX∂pw ico-cn-I-amb Dbn¿sØ-

gp-t∂ev]v Xs∂-bmbn AXn-\¿∞w \evtI-≠-Xm-bn´ns√∂pw Nq≠n-°m- p-∂p.


ap≈ am\-knI hn`m-¥n°v ASn-s∏- n-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. hy‡n-

]-chpw Iq´m-bp-≈-Xp-amb Z¿i-\-ßƒ (Perceptions) kw -hn-®n-

´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. F∂m¬, t\cn- p≈ I≠p-ap- -ep-Iƒ

(Visualisations) ]Xo-£n®pIqSm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ injy-

∑m¿ AXn-cp-I-S∂ am\-knI kwLm-X-Øn-∂n-c-bm-bn. D∑m-

Z-]-c-amb tXm∂-ep-Ifpw (C-S-hn- p≈ adn-®p-tXm-∂-ep-Ifpw)

ASn-°-Sn-bmbn kw -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ HcpXcw akvXnjvI

]h¿Ø\w AXp-aqew \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.25 Xf¿®-I-fpsS

t]mcm´w (Battle fatigue) AYhm akvXnjvI ]£m-f\w (Brain-

washing) Fs∂√mw ]d-bmw. iuens\ (]u-tem-kn-s\) ]c-

am¿in®p ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-sh, B a\-»m-kvX-]-c-amb ]In-b-

Isf (Psychological Processes) Hcp At\z-j-Ww, shfn-]m-Sv,

BtZiw F∂n-ßs\ hnfn-°m-\mWv sIm§≥ (Goggen)26 CjvS-

s∏- -Xv. ho≠p-samcp Pohn-X-Øns‚ A\p- -h-ßƒ (Reliving

experience) hnIm-c-ßƒ Hgn-®p-am-‰m≥ klm-b-I-am-Wv. F∂p-

h-®m¬, injycpw kvXoI-fp-sa√mw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ hnIm-

c-ß-fpsS AW-ap-dn-°p∂ A\p- -h-ß-fn-eqsS (Abractions) IS-

∂p-\o-ßp-Ibpw Aßs\ im¥nbpw ZrV-hn-izm-khpw ssIh-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

afi-]-Øn¬h®p \S-Ø-s∏´ lnwk-IfmWv tbip Xf

¿∂p Ipg-™p-t]m-Im\pw (Collapse) Imte°q´n Ipcn-in¬ \n

∂nd-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw ]n∂oSv ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w (Resuscitation) \S-

Ø-s∏-Sm\pw CS-bm-°n-b-Xv. injy-cnepw kvXoP-\-ß-fnepw

ImW-s∏´ hy‡n-K-Xhpw Iq´m-bp-≈-Xp-amb A`n-]m-b-]-I-

S-\-ßƒ ]n-∂o-Sp-≠mb ]Xy-£o-I-c-W-ß-fpsS dnt∏m¿´p-

Iƒ°v hniZo-I-cWw \evIp-∂p. Iqip-kw- -hsØ he-bw-

sN-øp∂ Ncn-X-]-c-amb kw -h-ßsf Cu A\p-am\w AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw B[p-\nI hn⁄m\Øns‚ shfn-®-

25. Sargant W.'The mind Possessed' Lond. Hainemann. 1973, 13.

26. Coggan D Paul: Portrait of a Revolutionary London: Hodder & Stroughten, 1984, 37


Øn¬ F¥mWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kw -hn-®-sX∂p hni-Zo-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.27

aX-hn-izmkw Nn¥ Isøm-gn-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I

tbm imkvXo-b-ambn kzoIm-cy-a-√mØ [mc-W-Iƒ°v kΩ-

X-a-cp-fp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. sXfn-bn-®p-Im-Wn-°-s∏´ Adn-hp-

Iƒ hnizm-k-kw-ln-X-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v N¿®v- -

In-kvXp-a-Xw- - Iq-Sp-X¬ i‡n-bm¿÷n-°p-Itb D≈q. Aß

s\ sNøm-s\m-cp-ßp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂Xv IÆ-S®

hnizmkw amX-am-Ipw. A[n-I-am-fp-I-fp-sSbpw hI-Xn-cn-hn-√m

Ø hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw (Credulity) A∏p-d-Øp-≈-Xm-Wn-Xv.

\µn: t]m’m-l-\-ßƒ \evIn-b-Xn\v s]m -k¿, B¿.-

F- v. Fkv.-jn-√nw-Kv, CBE, MD, FRCP Ah¿Iƒ°v Rßƒ

\µn-]-d-bp-∂p.

The Observer, 28-04-1991

27. Ipcn-in¬ F¥v kw`-hn®psh∂m¿°pw H∂padn-bn-√. adn-s®mc`n-]mbw D∂-bn-

°m≥ BK-ln-°p-∂-h¿:

a) tbip ka-b-Øn-\p-aptº A]-Xy-£-amb \ne-bn¬ Ipcn-in-t∑¬ Ipg-™p-

ho-Wp-t]m-bXv (Collapse) kw_-‘n®p hni-Zo-I-cWw \evIp-Ibpw C∂sØ saUn-

°¬ Adn-hp-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]cn-Nn-¥n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

b) aØmbn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-]-Im-cw, ]nem-tØm-kns‚ Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v tbip-

hns\ I√-d-bn¬ sh®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh¶n¬ ]S-bm-fn-I-fmb Imh¬°q-´w-sIm≠p

kwc-£Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-s∏-´-\n-e-bn¬ At±lw c£-s∏-´-sX-ß-s\-sb∂p hni-

Zo-I-cn-°-Ww. At±lw acn-®p-t]m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, tdma-°m¿°pw kpt\-µn-b-¿°pw

Ah-cpsS hym]-I-amb cl-kym-t\z-j-W-kw-L-ßƒ aptJ\ icocw Is≠-Øm≥

Ign-bmsX h∂-sX-ßs\? Aßs\ sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, Ah-c-ßs\ sNbvXn-´p-

≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ ssIh-cp-Øp-am-bn-cp∂ ]iv\-ßƒ hºn-®-Xm-

Wv.

c) apgp-h≥ kw`-hhpw tbiphpw At±-l-Øns‚ injy-∑m-cpw˛ an°-hmdpw CXp

tXm´-Øn¬h®pXs∂-bm-bn-cn-°Ww ˛ acWamsW∂p hcp-Øn-°q´n ka-b-Øn-\p-

aptº icocw Ipcn-in¬\n∂pand-°n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂p ap≥Iq´n Btem-Nn®p Xo¿®-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p ]cn-Nn-¥n-°-Ww.

d) c‡w Xpfn-®p-h-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n tbml-∂m-\n¬ (19:34) ]d-™Xv icn-bm-sW-

¶n¬ tbip Iqio-I-cWw (Crucifixion) sIm≠-√, Ip¥w-sIm≠p IpØnb apdnhv

Imc-W-amWv acn-®-sX∂ hmZw kzoI-cn-°Ww!

jesus in india - ahmadiyya€¦ · qadian 143516 gurdaspur-dt, punjab-st, india printing at :...

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