Typical tests conducted for screening and diagnosis for kidney

Urine protein:-Urinalysis-Urine albumin-Urine total protein

EGFR (usually creatinine blood test)

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) suggesting impaired kidney f(x)

Creatinine clearance

Typical tests conducted for kidney function

-Blood levels of creatinine, BUN-Ca, P in blood and blood gases-Hemoglobin, as part of complete blood count-Parathyroid hormone ( ctrl Ca level) -Cystatin C (alternative to creatinine screening)-B2M (beta 2 microglobulin) test to evaluate damage affecting renal tubule or

glomeruli -Urinalysis with culture to identify infection-Hep B/C -Antinuclear antibody (ANA) for lupus-Kidney stone analysis -complement test-Urine protein electrophoresis-Myoglobin (for those with rhabdomyolysis, extensive damage to skele musc.)

Typical blood tests conducted for the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome

Albumin blood test Determines if a patient has liver disease or kidney disease, or if the body is not absorbing enough protein. Normal range is 3.4 - 5.4 grams per deciliter (g/dL)

Basic Metabolic PanelThe following are normal ranges for the blood chemicals tested:BUN: 7 to 20 mg/dLCO2 (carbon dioxide): 20 to 29 mmol/LCreatinine: 0.8 to 1.4 mg/dLGlucose: 64 to 128 mg/dLSerum chloride: 101 to 111 mmol/LSerum potassium: 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/LSerum sodium: 136 to 144 mEq/L

Creatinine blood test (to estimate GFR = eGFR)Creatinine is a chemical waste product of creatine. Creatine is a chemical made by the body and is used to supply energy mainly to muscles. Creatinine is removed from the body entirely by the kidneys. If kidney function is not normal, creatinine level increases in the blood. Creatinine level also varies according to a person's size and muscle mass. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women.

Comprehensive metabolic panel Albumin: 3.9 to 5.0 g/dL ( hypoalbuminemia: albumin levels of ≤2.5 g/dL)Alkaline phosphatase: 44 to 147 IU/LALT (alanine aminotransferase): 8 to 37 IU/LAST (aspartate aminotransferase): 10 to 34 IU/LBUN (blood urea nitrogen): 7 to 20 mg/dLCalcium: 8.5 to 10.9 mg/dLChloride: 96 - 106 mmol/LCO2 (carbon dioxide): 20 to 29 mmol/LCreatinine: 0.8 to 1.4 mg/dL **Glucose test: 70 to 100 mg/dLPotassium test: 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/LSodium: 136 to 144 mEq/LTotal bilirubin: 0.2 to 1.9 mg/dLTotal protein: 6.3 to 7.9 g/dL

BUN - blood testBUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down. The normal result is generally 6 - 20 mg/dL.

Typical urine tests conducted for the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome

Creatinine clearance – urine testUrine creatinine (24-hour sample) values can range from 500 to 2000 mg/day. Results depend on your age and amount of lean body mass.Another way of expressing the normal range for these test results are:14 to 26 mg per kg of body mass per day for men11 to 20 mg per kg of body mass per day for women

Urinalysis

Typical tests conducted for the diagnosis of acute nephritic syndrome

Blood electrolytesBlood urea nitrogen (BUN)Creatinine - bloodCreatinine clearance - urinePotassium test from blood, normal values 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/L. Protein in the urine (proteinuria)For a random urine sample, normal values are approximately 0 to 8 mg/dL.For a 24-hour urine collection, the normal value is less than 80 mg per 24 hours.

UrinalysisUrine appearance and color

Typical tests conducted to find the cause of acute nephritic syndrome

ANA titer (antinuclear antibody) (lupus)Usually, no detectable ANA in blood – most often identified with SLE

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (none normally)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody for vasculitis (ANCA)

Blood culture ( find pathogenic cause)

Culture of the throat or skin

Serum complement (C3 and C4)

Typical tests conducted for the diagnosis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Anti-DNase BA negative test is normal. This means:Adults: less than 85 units/mLSchool-age children: less than 170 units/mLPreschool children: less than 60 units/mL

Kidney biopsy (this is usually not needed)

Serum ASO (and streptolysin O)Negative - meaning had not had recent strep infection, return in 2-4 weeks to recheck. Positive – has infection, even if asymptomatic

Urinalysis

Serum complement levelsThe complement system is a group of proteins that move freely through your bloodstream. The proteins work with your immune system and play a role in the development of inflammation.There are nine major complement proteins. They are labeled C1 through C9.

Total blood complement level: 41 to 90 hemolytic unitsC1 level: 16 to 33 mg/dLC3 levels:

Males: 88 to 252 mg/dLFemales: 88 to 206 mg/dL

C4 levels:Males: 12 to 72 mg/dLFemales: 13 to 75 mg/dL

A urine test strip or dipstick is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient’s urine in standard urinalysis