Vol. 23, No.1 JanuaryIFebruary 1996

The Newsletter of the American Society of Plant Physiologists

Inside Thi~ Issue.

4Obituaries

5President's Leiter

6Section News

TUI~f\JING POINT

The Boys of Summer7-10Public Affairs

" ASPP Urges Support of BasicResearch

• NASA Seeks Plant Topics

o The Continuing Resolution

o Agricultural CompetitivenessInitiative

• NAS Report

11Education Forum

14Joint U,S,-Mexico Conference

15Letter from Erwin Beck

16Call for Nominations/Minority TravelGrant

19Postdocs Abroad

23Gatherings

29Jobs

[

..~ Deadline for theMarch/April 1996 issueof ASPPNEWSis March 1, 1996.

by Martin Gibbs, Professor Emeritus,Brandeis University

My first position was at the newlyestablished Brookhaven NationalLaboratory, formerly Camp Upton,where, designated the departmentalbotanist, I was assigned the responsibil­ity of synthesizing radiocarbon-labeledsimple sugars for the community ofmammalian physiologists. Inasmuch asbarium carbonate was the only radioac­tive compound available, photosynthe­sis in leafy material seemed to be apractical approach. The problem washow to localize the 14C label in theisolated sugar products.

Isotopic carbon distribution patternsin sugars were determined at the timeby a procedure introduced in 1945 bythe noted microbial biochemist, H. G.Wood. Here, the two lactic acidsformed from one glucose or fructose inthe Lactobacillus casei glycolytichomolactic fermentation are degradedchemically. This method yields tracernot in individual, but in pairs of carbonatoms, since the carboxyl carbon of thelactic acid arises from carbon 3 and 4of the glucose, the carbonic carbonfrom 2 and 5, and the methyl carbonfrom 1 and 6. There was need by thescientific community for a method toisolate the individual carbons to definethe 14C labeling of the hexoses formedin photosynthesis.

The solution came when 1. C.(Gunny) Gunsalus brought a novelmicroorganism to Brookhaven in thesummer of 1952. The previous year, he,

Radiocarbon research In the1950/5 provided both animportant 14C localizationmethod and a catchy tune.

R. D. DeMoss, and R. C. Bard hadreported that Leuconostoc mesenteroidesproduces one mole each of carbondioxide, ethanol, and lactic acid permole of glucose fermented. Further­more, the bacterium was found topossess growth characteristics indicativeof a fermentative reaction sequencediffering from glycolysis, then the onlyknown pathway of glucose breakdown.

When Gunsalus, already known forhis work on bacterial metabolism, cameto Brookhaven, we demonstrated thatLeuconostoc ferments glucose via a newreaction sequence: carbon dioxide arisesfrom carbon 1; the methyl, and carbinolcarbons of ethanol arise from carbons 2and 3 in that order; and the carboxyl,alpha-, and beta- carbons of lactic acidfrom carbons 4, 5, and 6. Clearly, toaccount for the data, the anaerobicdissimilation of glucose by L.mesenteroides involved at least a portionof the oxidative pentose phosphate(direct oxidation) pathway. Moreimportantly, for a determination ofisotopic carbon patterns in carbohy­drates, this degradation of glucose

continued on page 3

2 ASPP Newsletter

ASPP Headquarters Telephone Extension and E-MailDirectory

The ASPP NEWSLETTER is distributed to all ASPP members and is published six times annually, in odd-numbered months.It is edited and prepared by ASPP staff from material provided by ASPP members and other interested parties. Copy deadlineis about the fifteenth day of the preceding even-numbered month (e.g., December 15 for January IFebruary publication). Submitcopy bye-mail whenever possible; submit all other copy by mail, >lot by fax. Contact: Jody Carlson, Editor, ASPP NEWSLETTER,15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855-2768 USA; e-mail jcarlson@aspp.org; telephone 301-251-0560, ext. 17.

For your convenience, keep this listing of extension numbers ande-mail addresses handy when you cotnact ASPP headquarters so that you canreach the person best able to assist you. Our office telephone number is 301-251­0560.

• Missing journal issues, books Sharon Kelly 29• Subscriptions, individual Sharon Kelly 29• Subscriptions, institutional Brenda Reynolds, Fulco 201-627-2427• Plant Physiology

(except missing issues) Deborah Weiner 18dweiner@aspp.org

• THE PLANT CELL

Disposition of a manuscript Annette Kessler 20akessler@aspp.orgAll other questions

(except missing issues) Judith Grollman 19grollman@aspp.org

• Newsletter Jody Carlson 17• Advertising

Plant Physiology Deborah Weiner 18dweiner@aspp.orgTHE PLANT CELL Judith Grollman 19

e-mail address

bhyps@aspp.orgbhyps@aspp.org

skelly@aspp.orgskelly@aspp.org

jcarlson@aspp.orgskelly@aspp.orgskelly@aspp.orgskelly@aspp.org

jcarlson@aspp.org

ext. #contact

grollman@aspp.orgNewsletter Jody Carlson 17

• Address changes Sharon Kelly 29• Membership applications Sharon Kelly 29• Membership problems Sharon Kelly 29• Accounts payable Thomas Dushney 10

tdushney@aspp.org• Accounts receivable Estella Coley 22

estcoley@aspp.org• Accounts payable/

receivable problems Susan Chambers 11

chambers@aspp.org• Annual meeting Susan Chambers 11

chambers@aspp.org• Public affairs /

government relations Brian Hyps 14• Education Brian Hyps 14• Society governance Ken Beam 15

kenbeam@aspp.org• International issues Ken Beam 15

kenbeam@aspp.org

• Awards Ken Beam 15kenbeam@aspp.org

Ifyour subject is,

Headquarters Office15501 Monona DriveRockville, MD 20855-2768 USAPhone: 301-251-0560 • Fax: 301-279-2996Executive director, Kenneth M. Beam, ext. 15

(e-mail kenbeam@aspp.org)Director of finance and administration,

Susan K. Chambers, ext. 11(e-mail chambers@aspp.org)

Accountant, Thomas M. Dushney, ext. 10(e-mail tdushney@aspp.org)

Member services coordinator,Sharon Y. Kelly, ext. 79(e-mail skelly@aspp.org)

Receptionist, Estella Coley, ext. 22(e-mail estcoley@aspp.org)

Mail room clerk, Marian Osuji, ext. 12(e-mail mosuji@aspp.org)

Public affairs director, Brian M. Hyps, ext. 14(e-mail bhyps@aspp.org)

Publications director, Jody Carlson, ext. 17(e-mail jcarlson@aspp.org)

PublicatiOlts assistant, Sylvia Braxton, ext. 33(e-mail sbraxton@aspp.org)

Managing editor, Plant PhysiologyDeborah 1. Weiner, ext. 18(e-mail dweiner@aspp.org)

Managing editor, THE PLANT CELL,Judith E. Grollman, ext. 19(e-mail grollman@aspp.org)

News and Reviews editor, THE PLANT CELL,Position to be filled.

Senior pmdnction editor, Plant Physiology,W. Mark Leader, ext. 23(e-mail mleader@aspp.org)

Pmduction editor, Plant Physiolopj,Lauren Ransome, ext. 30(e-maillransome@aspp.org)

Production editor, THE PLANT CELL,Catherine A. Balogh, ext. 16(e-mail balogh@aspp.org)

Manuscript mallager, Annette Kessler, ext 20(e-mail akessler@aspp.org)

Manuscript assistant, Kimberly A. Davis, ext. 24(e-mail kimdavis@aspp.org)

Manuscript assistant, Aphrodite Knoop, ext. 25(e-mail aknoop@aspp.org)

PresidentBob Buchanan (510-642-3590)

President-ElectDonald art (217-333-2093)

Immediate Past PresidentJames N. Siedow (919-684-6573)

SecretaryMary Jo Vesper (513-229-2502)

TreasurerMark Jacobs (215-328-8039)

Chair, Board of TrusteesLarry N. Vanderhoef (916-752-2067)

Chair, Publications CommitteeStanley Roux (512-471-4238)

Chair, Committee all theStatus of Women in Plant Physiology

Elizabeth A. Bray (909-787-4548)Elected Members

Kenneth Keegstra (517-353-2270)Elizabeth Vierling (602-621-1601)Wendy F. Boss (919-515-3496)

Sectional RepresentativesMidwestern

Daniel R. Bush (217-333-6109)Northeastern

Subhash Minocha (603-862-3840)SouthemWilliam H. Outlaw Jr. (904-644-4020)

Washington, DCJerry D. Cohen (301-504-5632)

WesternSharman O'Neill (916-752-2435)

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1---------------------

3

the cen - ler

continued on page 4

differentiates during growth, carbohy­drate metabolism undergoes qualitativechange. While embryonic tissue splitsglucose via classical glycolysis, thedirect oxidation pathway makes anincreasing contribution as growth anddifferentiation occur.

So enchanted were they byLeuconostoc, the boys of the summer of1953 (Horecker and Beevers) wereinspired to compose a ditty to the tuneof "Clementine." (See bottom of page.)The degradation reaction was carriedout in a Warburg vessel-a glasscontainer fitted with side arms fromwhich the phosphate buffer and cellsuspension could be added (tipped in).The CO2 produced was trapped inalkali in a small specialized compart­ment in the center of the vessel.

Additional verses (at least a dozen)were contributed by Mary Stiller, whoworked with Harry Beevers. The lightsof an ancient binary scaler counting intens did flash.

Otto Kandler came the followingyear to apply the Leuconostoc fermenta­tion to sugars isolated from algae andhigher plants that had photoassimilatedradioactive carbon dioxide for briefperiods. The isotopic distributionpatterns were asymmetrical in contrastto a symmetrical one predicted by thecycle. Termed the Gibbs effect andoften quoted as an argument againstthe cycle, the asymmetrical labelingwas later shown to result from a lackof isotopic equilibrium between the two

Leuconostoc

Leu - co - no - sloe in the side arm, Olu- cose in

hell.

well, Tip il in with phos- phale buf - fcr. Car - bon onc wmes off like

F$H~-To the coun - ler. 10 the coun - lcr. 10 the eoun - ler like a

shot. Tum the switch on, see the lights flash. Is il cold. or is it hoI?

Axelrod, R. S. Bandurski, (, M.Greiner, and R. Jang). In the collabora­tive work, the course of the reactionswas followed in a rat liver extract withribose-5-P-V 4C and -2,3-14

(, Theisotopic distribution pattern in theresulting glucose determined withLeuconostoc confirmed a transketolase­transaldolase series of reactionsinvolving sedoheptulose-7-P as anintermediate. This work helpedHorecker elucidate the cyclic nature ofthe direct oxidation pathway.

The summer of 1953 broughtHorecker to Brookhaven to repeat thelabeling experiments with pea leaf androot preparations. It was also our goodfortune that Harry Beevers, who laterbecame known for his pioneering workon the glyoxylate cycle in plants, camethat summer to study pathways ofrespiratory metabolism by measuringglucose breakdown in higher planttissues. We found that, while the pearoot preparation showed a labelingpattern essentially the same as that ofliver, the leaf extract differed. Thedifference between the root and leafdata was eventually accounted for bythe photosynthetic carbon reductioncycle of M. Calvin, A. A. Benson, and J.A. Bassham.

Harry and I examined the relativerespiratory contributions of the classicalglycolytic sequence and the directoxidation pathway. Additionally, wemeasured the effect of age of tissue onthe relative contribution of eachpathway. The data were consistent withthe concept that as embryonic tissue

yields each carbon separately-adecided advantage over L. casei,

Shortly after the findings ofGunsalus and Gibbs were published,the Leuconostoc procedure was usedsuccessfully by many investigators.Among'the early studies was acollaborative effort carried out at theNational Institutes of Health(Horecker) and Brookhaven (Gibbs).This research followed up on earlierstudies that provided evidence for theconversion of pentose phosphate tohexose phosphate in extracts of ratliver (B. L. Horecker, P. Z. Smyrniotis,and H. Klenow) and spinach leaves (B.

Martin Gibbs, Abraham S, and GertrudeBerg Professor Emeritus in Life Sciences,Brandeis University, won his doctoraldegree in the Department of Botany,University of Illinois under F. L. Wynd andHarry Fuller. On the advice and with theassistance of K. V, Thimann, Gibbsmoved directly to"the BrookhavenNational Laboratory. In addition to thosementioned in the accompanying article,his work with radiocarbon attracted W.A. Wood. Howard Gest. G. RobertGreenberg, Jerome Schiff, FeodorLynen, and Severo Ochoa, At CornellUniversity and Brandeis University, hecontinued his research on photosynthe­sis, respiration, and hydrogen metabo­lism while serving for 30 years as chiefeditor of Plant Physiology,

continued from page I

4 ASPP Newsletter

Back Issues of Science

Dr. Carl McDaniel, RensselaerPolytechnic Institute, has copies ofScience from 1968 through 1995 thathe will give to any person or organi­zation willing to pay the shippingcosts. There are some, but not many,missing issues. Contact CarlMcDaniel, Department of Biology­MRC, Rensselaer, Troy, NY 12180USA; fax 518-276-2162, e-mailmcdanc@rpi.edu.

where she served as a biochemist and asan administrative officer of grants andcontracts. Kit authored or co-authored 38journal publications. She was a co-orga­nizer of a Cold Spring Harbor Sympo­sium entitled "Molecular Biology of thePhotosynthetic Apparatus" and editor ofthe publication that followed.

After Kit left AGS in 1989, she was fora time a senior research associate in fo­rensic science in the Department of Bio­medical and Environmental Health Sci­ences at u.c. Berkeley and also workedin publishing.

To her many friends, she was a thought­ful, considerate, and sensitive person. Shewas also a fantastic cook. If Kit's earlyinterests had not led her into science, shewould have offered serious competitionto Julia Child. She will be sorely missedby all who knew her.

A memorial fund in Kit's name has beenestablished to help defray the costs ofwomen students and postdoctoral associ­ates attending this summer's GordonConference on "Photosynthesis: Bio­chemical Aspects." Contributions to theKatherine E. Steinback Memorial Fund canbe sent to Ann Hirsch, Department ofBiology, University of California, LosAngeles, CA 90024-7009.

Stefan J. Kirchanski, Irvine, CaliforniaAnn M. Hirsch, UCLA

Lawrence Bogorad, Harvard University

OBITUARIES

Katherine Ellen "Kit" Steinback

ASPP headquarters received word inDecember 1995 of the death of emeritusmember Delbert D. Hemphill. Hemphill,a member of the Department of Horticul­ture of the University of Missouri-Colum­bia, joined ASPP in 1948.

Delbert D. Hemphill

Kit Steinback died unexpectedly in Ber­keley, California, on December 30, 1995,at the age of 46 following a short illness.She had been a member of ASPP fromabout 1976 until 1988.

Kit was born in Berkeley on July 10,1949. She received her B.A. degree inbotany from the University of Californiaat Berkeley in 1971 and her M.A. andPh.D. degrees from the Department ofBiological Sciences of Harvard University,where she studied the organization anddevelopment of thylakoid membranes inmaize in the laboratory of LawrenceBogorad. She was a postdoctoral researchassociate with Charles Arntzen at theUniversity of Illinois from 1977 to 1980.There, she continued her work on thestructure and function of chloroplast pro­teins, particularly the light harvestingpigment protein complex, and exploredits relation to grana formation. She wasan important pai·ticipant in the discoverythat atrazine blocks photosynthesis bybinding to a thylakoid protein. The latterwork provided the basis for the conceptthat sensitivity of a plant to an herbicidecould be eliminated by altering an herbi­cide binding site on a protein.

During the academic year of 1980-1981while a visiting assistant professor of bio- ~ ---,logical sciences at Wellesley College, Kitalso worked at Harvard in a joint project(with Lee McIntosh, Arntzen, andBogorad). Together with the earlier workthat showed that triazine arrests photo­synthetic electron flow, this research wasat the foundation of studies that led tothe characterization of the reaction centerof photosystem II of photosynthesis. ThefollOWing year, she was a visiting assis­tant professor at the MSU DOE PlantResearch Laboratory in East Lansing,Michigan. Then, in 1982, she took a posi­tion with Advanced Genetic Sciences(later DNAP) in Oakland, California, L- _

page 16 and

application

forms on pages

11 and 18.

Minority

student and

faculty travel

grants available

for 1996-l997.

See article on

three-carbon intermediates that combineto yield the six-carbon sugar and is notan indicator of modification.

I, too, was a lad of summers havingumpired ball games in the departmen­tal BNL league. Of all the bystanders, Iremember only one - young Michael,the son of Jean and Harry, who, alone,cheered and approved my every call.

continued from page 3

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

PRESIDENT'S LEDER

Our Changing Times

5

As president of the ASPP, I had theprivilege to attend the bi-annual meetingof the Council of Scientific Society Presi­dents (CSSP), held December 2-5, 1995 inWashington, D. C. More than sixty soci­ety presidents are members of this group,which works to improve science for all.As was true of the previous meeting Iattended, the most impressive part thisyear was the lecture program. CSSP con­sistently manages to assemble an impres­sive list of speakers. For example, thepresidents of the Natlonal Academy ofScience (Bruce Alberts), National Acad­emy of Engineering (Harold Liebowitz)and the National Institute of Medicine(Kenneth Shine) all gave presentations.The comments made by these and otherparticipants at the meeting left little doubtthat the world of science is undergoingdramatic change. In response to budget­ary restrictions, the scientific enterprisewe have known is evolving to a form yetto be defined. Below I briefly describe thechanges and sugg~tionsdiscussed at themeeting. I also present examples of whatis being done to adapt to the changes.

The beginning: reduction in federalscience funding. The current change com­menced at the close of the Cold War. Inthe absence of an adversarial superpower,support for science has continued to de­cline. In light of current problems withthe national budget, it is almost certainthat this trend will continue irrespectiveof whether the Democrats or Republicansrule the budgetary day in Washington.Medicine is in the best shape because bothCongress and the public understand itsneed. Support for NIH will likely be in­creased in the long term by a percentageequivalent to the consumer price indexplus 1%. Even this level, however, repre­sents a reduction in real terms owing tothe high rate of inflation in medical re­search. To a degree, the extent of the de­cline rests in our hands. Each of us needsto devote more time to outreach activitiesthat reiterate the importance research hasplayed in improving the daily lives of thecitizenry of this country. It is essential thatpublic officials and legislators understand

this importance. This is especially true forthe current Congress, which has less un­derstanding of science than did its prede­cessors. One message repeatedly con­veyed at the Washington meeting was thatoutreach efforts are most effective at thelocal level-for example, meeting repre­sentatives or senators on their home turf.

Industry will not pick up the slack.Unfortunately, we cannot count on indus­try to bail us out. Of the $130 billiondollars invested in research and develop­ment by the 271 members of a leadingorganization of corporations, Washing­ton's Industrial Research Institute, forexample, only 6% is used for basic (Iong­term) research. While there is talk of in­creasing this percentage, there is strongpressure to support only that researchlikely to remunerate the company in thenear-term. Furthermore, history hasshown that when federal contributions godown, industrial investments in univer­sity research follow suit. In short, whilethere may well be increased interactionsbetween university scientists and corpo­rations in the future, the bulk of supportfor long-term research must continue tocome from the government.

Need to improve the image of researchuniversities. The public image of researchuniversities has to be improved in thepublic eye. For example, the message hasto get out that almost half of the funda­mental scientific research conducted in thenation is university-based. Medicine is acase in point. More than 40% of the im­portant application discoveries were notfounded on directed research, butstemmed from long-term projects inwhich scientists were trying to figure outhow the body works. The benefits weenjoy in health, economic leadership, andmilitary superiority are traceable to invest­ments in research made at universities ageneration or more ago. Furthermore,while research investment in the UnitedStates has been essentially flat during the1990s, it has been increasing in competi­tor nations. This trend does not bode wellfor a future that all agree will be increas­ingly technology-based.

Budget downsizing dictates need toidentify target fields. With a decreasingbudget, the scientific community mustidentify new fields of emphasis. Unlikethe past, the United States cannot con­tinue a program that spans the full scien­tific spectrum. We must decide whichfields we want to lead in the future andinvest our resources there.

Changes must be made. The budgetdictates that the research establishmentmust reorganize for greater efficiency. Forexample, multidisciplinary teams directedtoward a common goal will become in­creaSingly frequent in the future. We needto decide how many Ph.D.s to train. Therewas not consensus on this point at themeeting. Some believed that the numbershould be reduced and let the marketdetermine the final count. Others thoughtthat the nature of the degree shouldchange, the educational componentbroadened, so that a greater choice ofcareer options is possible. Yet others con­cluded that scientists, including thosebelow the doctorate level, should be do­ing jobs that today are done by nonscien­tists. Business and certain governmentcareers were given as examples. Thereseemed to be agreement that the master'sdegree will assume greater importance inthe future.

Wrap-up. The overriding view emerg­ing from the CSSP meeting is that wemust face the present changes in sciencehead on. Although no one wants to ac­cept it, the days of generous funding andan ever-growing budget base for scienceare over. There was agreement on gen­eral courses of action to be taken as thepicture solidifies. First, we as scientistsmust increase our outreach activities toeducate students in the public schools aswell as to enlighten their parents and con­gressional representatives as to the valueof university-based research. Only thencan we expect the nation to sustainhealthy long-term support for science.Furthermore in keeping with the tenor ofthe 90s, we must learn to do more withless. Toward this end, we will have to

continued on page 6

6

continued from page 5

improve efficiency in every way possible.Transition will not be easy. Long-heldideas and institutions will have to change.

What to do? Participants at the CSSPmeeting provided generalities but, unfor­tunately, few specifics on how to adaptto the changes underway. The lJest I canoffer, therefore, is a summary of whatASPP is doing as a professional societyand what I am doing as an individualscientist.

We are fortunate that past ASPP lead­ership foresaw changes and institutedadaptive measures, which in most casesare being strengthened and extended.• A public affairs committee and an of­

fice with a full-time staff member havebeen set up to advise Congress andkeep the ASPP membership apprisedof the funding situation in Washing­ton. As 'scientists, we should take anactive role in making sure that ourvoices are heard in an effective way.

• The ASPP Education Foundation hasbeen established to educate and en­lighten the public on the importance ofresearch in the plant sciences as well asscience in general. In this context, ASPPacts in the interest of all scientists, es­pecially those working in plant-relatedfields.

• ASPP is taking systematic steps to rein­force the understanding and importanceof the plant sciences to the public. Theseinclude teacher workshops, educationalsymposia, a program to bring minoritystudents to the national meeting, and apolicy which allows the publication ofeducation articles in Plant Physiology.On a more personal note, I have madea number of recent adaptations aftersensing the inevitability of change. Timewill tell if my approach is a wise one.

• I have selected two projects (cereal bio­chemistry, bioremediation) conduciveto potential commercial application andyet dependent on fundamental re­search.

• My research is increasingly multi-disci­plinary and less "single-PI" oriented.While such a change is appropriate forsenior faculty, it is not encouraged forjunior colleagues. This is one aspect ofthe academic reward system that mayhave to change. Organizations such asCSSP, and ASPP, could be instrumen­tal in this connection.

• Our laboratory is now one of several

that collaborate on projects spanning thespectrum from the bench to the factoryor field. To my surprise and delight,progress at one end of the spectrumfacilitates work at the other.

• We work more closely with companies.Students engaged in this work are,therefore, encouraged to incorporatepractical application in their vision.

• Students from historically African­American and Hispanic universitiesvisit our laboratory annually for a se­mester or longer.

• An increasing portion of my time isdevoted to teaching and public out­reach.

• One area in which I have fallen short(and need to improve) is volunteeringin the schools. All of us should offerour talents and expertise to public edu­cation. We can make a difference.I hope this summary will give an idea

of ongoing attempts to adapt to thechanges taking place in science. Periodsof challenge, such as the one we nowexperience, can be faced in different ways.I hope that the present changes can beviewed not as a block or a dead-end, butas an opportunity to create new avenues.If so, I am optimistic that, in the end, wemay well surprise ourselves with howeffective we are in the new scientific en­terprise. An anonymous quotation per­haps sums up the situation, "Temporamutantur, nos et mutamur in illis" (Timeschange, and we too change with them­from John Owen's Epigrammata [1615]).

Bob B. Buchanan1995-1996 ASPP President

University of California, Berkeleyview@nature.berkeley.edu

SECTION NEWS

Southern Section

The annual meeting of the SouthernSection of American Society of PlantPhysiologists will be held March 30 toApril 1, 1996, at the Sheraton Plaza Hotelat the Florida Mall in Orlando, Florida.Randall Cameron (813-293-4133) is incharge of local arrangements. Participa­tion is not limited to members in the

ASPP Newsletter

Southern Section. Anyone who is inter­ested in attending the meeting and/orpresenting a talk or poster should con­tact Dawn Luthe, secretary/treasurer(601-325-7733, dsluthe@ra.msstate.edu).The deadline for submitting papers isFebruary 28, 1996.

Mary Musgrave, vice-chair of SS-ASPP,has organized the 1996 annual sympo­sium, Gravity and the Plant Cell, whichwill be held on the morning of April 1.The speakers and their topics are: JanetBraam, Rice University, "Roles of the TCHGenes in Responses to Gravity and OtherEnvironmental Stimuli"; Randy Wayne,Cornell University, "A Down-to-EarthModel of Gravisensing"; AbrahamKrikorian, SUNY at Stony Brook, "SpaceStress and Genome Shock in DevelopingPlant Cells."

Western Section

The Western Section of the AmericanSociety of Plant Physiologists, as has beennoted in recent issues of the newsletter(see especially the September/October1995 issue), is undergoing a renaissance,after having been inactive for about 10years.

Officers for the newly reactivated sec­tion have been announced. Serving aschair from January 1, 1996, until Decem­ber 31, 1997, is Rolf Christoffersen fromthe University of California at Santa Bar­bara. Secretary-treasurer for the sameperiod is Frances DuPont of the USDA/ARS's Western Regional Research Centerin Albany, California. The new WesternSection representative to the ASPP execu­tive committee is Sharman O'Neill, Uni­versity of California at Davis, whose termbegan on October 1, 1995. O'Neill willserve on the executive committee throughSeptember 30, 1998. She succeeds TerriLomax, Oregon State University, whoserved as the sole officer of the WesternSection for several of the years that thesection has been inactive.

The September/October 1995 issue ofthe ASPP Newsletter detailed severalactions that have been taken to revive theWestern Section. With this announcementof officers, the section now has thenucleus necessary to move forward witha formal election, meetings, and full­fledged member services.

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1 7

ASPP Urges House Agriculture Committee to Support Basic,Competitive Research

In response to questions by the U.s.House of Representatives Committee onAgriculture concerning revision of theresearch title of the Farm Bill, ASPP re­cently submitted comments explainingeconomic growth opportunities offeredfrom basic research and competitivelyawarded grants. ASPP added that theResearch title's provisions on sustainableagriculture need to be fair and reasonablefor farmers.

ASPP cited the May 1995 report of theEconomic Research Service, The Value andRole of Public Investment in AgriculturalResearch, which found the high return tosociety from agricultural research, espe­cially basic research. "A summary of esti­mates of social rates of return for publicsupport for basic agricultural research anddevelopment is 57 percent to 110 percent,"ASPP noted. ASPP said ERS concludedthat, "a high rate of return means thatmany beneficial projects are not beingfunded."

ASPP public affairs committee chairRalph Quatrano said in the comments thata report released late in 1994 by the Na­tional Research Council, Investing in theNational Research Initiative, An Update ofthe Competitive Grants Program in the U.S.Department of Agriculture, found the needfor increased support for competitive re­search within USDA. The report found that

competitive grants have three majorstrengths that work toward attainment ofthe goal of stimulating advancement infundamental areas of science, thus ad­vancing the frontier that defines the pos­sibilities for technological innovation. Thereport said these three strengths are:• Competitive grants are responsive and

flexible, permitting participation ofleading-edge scientists as applicantsand also as proposal reviewers andallowing adjustment in year-to-yearfunding priorities as scientific oppor­tunity and national need dictate.

• Such grants can attract a broad rangeof scientists to the agricultural, food,and natural-resource system, drawingtalent into new endeavors and into re­search on unresolved problems.

• This competitive grants program castsa wide net that captures research pro­posals that will aid in developing newalliances, new initiatives, and new ap­proaches complementary to those tra­ditionally employed.ASPP's comments noted that some in­

terests in the sustainable agriculturemovement have challenged the contribu­tion of basic research to sustainable agri­culture. "However, it is important to rec­ognize that sustainable agriculture doesnot simply mean organic farming as somegroups advocate," Quatrano noted. "Ad-

vances in plant biotechnology not only offeradvantages in productivity, but also offermore environmentally sustainable practices.Crops engineered using plant biotechnol­ogy to more effectively resist disease, re­quire less chemical inputs. Crops whichwill be engineered to better withstanddrought will result in less need to invest inirrigation equipment."

The comments noted that the success ofsustainable agriculture depends fundamen­tally on making plants more efficient inconverting sunlight, nutrients, and waterinto food and fiber products. Conventionalplant breeding now boosts yields byroughly one percent annually. Biotechnol­ogy can be expected to make breeding evenmore efficient in the future.

"ASPP agrees with the need to developeconomically, socially, and environmentallysustainable agricultural practices. Wholefarm societies, along with their social fab­ric, will almost certainly be eliminated aseconomically unsustainable in future yearsif they are denied the contributions thatbasic research will bring," the commentsadded.

The House Committee on Agriculturewill review comments submitted to itsquestions in preparation for its develop­ment of the research title of the Farm Billearly this year.

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8 ASPP Newsletter

NASA Center for Advanced Studies in the Space LifeSciences Seeks Plant Biology Topics

The National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA)-sponsored Centerfor Advanced Studies in the Space LifeSciences (CASSLS) is seeking suggestionsfor workshop topics on plant science andother life sciences. CASSLS established op­erations last year through a cooperativeagreement between the Marine BiologicalLaboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole andNASA. The center addresses issues ofmutual interest to NASA and the basicscience community.

A series of symposia, workshops, andseminars will be held at the MBL to ad~

vise NASA on a wide variety of topics inthe life 'sciences, including plant biology,cell biology, developmental biology, mo­lecular biology, neurobiology, and systemsbiology. Special attention will be directedat examining how gravity and its controlimpact on biological processes and how

variations in gravity can be utilized as aprobe to better understand such processes.

The center will provide a forum for sci­entists to discuss the role that gravity mayplay in fundamental cellular and physi­ologic processes. These meetings at theMBL will also serve to inform the com­munity of research opportunities in the lifesciences that are of interest to NASA. Thecenter will use its newsletter to providesynopses of these events and to dissemi­nate information from NASA that is ofinterest to the life sciences community.

CASSLS is organizing a workshop en­titled "Planning for Aquatic Research inSpace" to be held at the MBL in the springof 1996 with Dr. George Langford fromDartmouth as chair. Topics for discussionat this meeting will be selected from areasof plant biology, neurobiology, develop­mental biology, and cell biology.

A second workshop is planned for au­tumn 1996. Two possible themes have beensuggested. These are: "Aquatic Models inDevelopmental Biology" and "Planning forInsect Research in Space." If you havethoughts or suggestions on these or otherpotential workshop topics, contact the cen­ter. If you do not yet receive a copy of the"Newsletter of the Center for AdvancedStudies in the Space Life Sciences" by di­rect mail, you can also contact the centerto add your name to the mailing list.

Center contacts are: Lenny Dawidowiczat 508-548-3705 and ldawidow@mbl.eduand Ann W. Crosby also at 508-548-3705and acrosby@mbl.edu. World Wide Weblocation is: http://www.mbl.edu/html/NASA/WWW.nasa.htmI.Mailing addressis Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBLStreet, Woods Hole,MA 02543-1015.

Federal Furloughs Halted by Continuing ResolutionNS~ NASA Funded through March 15

A partial federal shutdown beginningDecember 16 came to an end one weekinto the new year as Congress passed acontinuing resolution that became effec­tive as President Clinton proposed a seven­year balanced budget using CongressionalBudget Office (CBO) numbers.

A continuing resolution funding gov­ernment operations was in effect untilJanuary 26. Potential further disagreementbetween the Congress and the Presidenton the budget threatened a new round oftemporary furloughs for many federalworkers.

However, Congress and the Presidentagreed to another continuing resolutionthat keeps doors open at the NationalScience Foundation and National Aeronau­tics and Space Administration throughMarch 15.

ASPP campus contacts sent letters totheir members of Congress in support ofcontinued funding for NSF. More legisla­tion needs to be passed to keep NSF andNASA operating past March 15.

Employees of NSF and NASA hadjoined several hundred thousand otherfederal employees who were either fur­loughed or forced to work without payduring the federal budget impasse.

At NSF, 1,233 employees were on fur­lough and 24 were working without pay.A total of 19,980 NASA employees werefurloughed and 1,290 were working with­out pay. Overall, the partial shutdownidled 284,621 employees and forced475,608 to work without pay.

As employees returned back to NSFheadquarters in Arlington, Virginia, ef­forts were made to honor all continuingplant science grants. As she worked latein the office on January 17, Plant ScienceInitiatives Program Director MachiDilworth explained that NSF was alsoattempting to make awards for plant sci­ence proposals selected by peer reviewpanels in the fall. The government shut­down and subsequent four federal snowdays in Washington the week of January8 kept many proposals from the January

10 NSF deadline piled up in the mail room,temporarily out of reach of program staff.

Department of Energy and U.s. Depart­ment of Agriculture employees were notaffected by the furloughs. Appropriationsbills for DOE and USDA were passed intolaw before the recent partial federal clo­sure.

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

Agricultural Competitiveness Initiative UnderConsideration for Farm Bill

9

Congress did not pass the AgriculturalCompetitiveness Initiative (ACI) last yeardespite earlier passage by the Senate.House Agriculture Committee staff saidthis leaves the ACI for consideration forpossible inclusion in the research title ofthe Farm Bill during committee delibera­tions expected in February.

The Senate had earlier approved $30million for a new ACI program in provi­sions that were not subsequently acceptedin conference. House conferees cited thelower amount proposed for the programof $30 million in the Senate-passed bill asopposed to an earlie/proposal providingas much as $500 million for the ACI fromthe Commodity Credit Corporation.

The ACI is proposed as a way to helpproducers through increased funding ofcompetitive research at a time when Con­gress is reducing price supports. However,some producers experiencing price supportcuts are also sensitive to additional cuts offunds that may be directed to research.There is the prospect that some commod­ity groups would seek an increased em­phasis on applied> research by the ACI.

ASPP has been explaining the need forsupport of fundamental research by theACI. Many ASPP members who con­tacted their members of Congress in sup­port of the ACI cited the importance ofconducting fundamental research.

If successful, the ACI proposal offersthe prospect of a large increase of neededsupport for plant and other agriculturalresearch. Officials at USDA have been dis­cussing placing administration responsi­bility for the ACI, if adopted, with thestaff of the National Research InitiativeCompetitive Grants Program (NRICGP).With the NRICGP as the already existingextramural competitive grants program,it would appear to be a logical home atUSDA for a second competitive grantsprogram.

When ASPP first reviewed the draftlegislation for the ACI earlier last year, itwas believed that it had an uphill battletoward enactment. The recent passage inthe Senate made prospects of enactmentseem somewhat higher. With current ef­forts to balance the budget expected toreduce discretionary spending, including

discretionary spending for research, byabout 30 percent over seven years, passageof the ACI could be a welcome exceptionto the expected downward trend in fed­eral spending on research.

The current plan to fund the ACI fromthe Commodity Credit Corporation wouldnot require a reduction in other discretion­ary agricultural research funds. At the sametime, efforts need to be made to assure thatother discretionary agricultural researchfunds are not reduced if the ACI is cre­ated.

Interests seeking special grants annuallyseek funds that the administration pro­posed, instead, for the NRICGP. Thoseseeking special grants might try to obtainadditional funds if there was a larger infu­sion of dollars proposed for competitivegrants.

ASPP has been one of the most activescience societies in support of competitivegrant programs such as the NRICGP andACI. Letters and calls to Congress frommembers of the ASPP contact network helpexplain the views of the research commu­nity to Congress.

Competitive, Academic Research Favored inNational Academy of Sciences Report

A report released November 29 by a jointcommittee of the National Academies ofSciences and Engineering' and the Instituteof Medicine called for federal policy-mak­ers to place a priority on funding academicresearch. The report also called for anemphaSiS on competitive merit review asthe basis for allocating funds.

Although the report did not presumethat university-based research is always ofhigher quality than that conducted else­where, the report said university-basedresearch had three distinctive advantagesthat merit giving it a preference.

First, academic research allows agenciesthe fleXibility to easily shift funding whenpriorities change. Second, it provides qual­ity control through grant competition andrigorous peer review. Third, by linking

research to education, funding researchand development projects at colleges anduniversities reaps the added benefit of si­multaneously supporting the training ofthe nation's succeeding generations of sci­entists and engineers.

The report said that competitive meritreview should be the basis for allocatingfunds, except when the purpose or na­ture of the work makes even-handedcompetition infeasible. Competitive meritreview has been largely responsible forthe remarkable quality, productivity andoriginality of U.S. science and technol­ogy, the report said.

Other key principles for making bud­get decisions recommended in the reportinclude:• GiVing preference to funding projects

and people rather than institutions,thereby promoting the quality and flex­ibility of research.

• Research and development capacityshould remain associated with the agen­cies whose missions require it. The re­sulting pluralism of agencies and re­search institutions fosters creativity,cross-fertilization and fleXibility. (Thisrecommendation responded coolly to aproposal for creation of a Department ofScience. Instead, the report called for amore coherent federal budgeting processalong with a more competitive distribu­tion of funds.)

• Federal government should encourage,but not directly fund, private-sector tech-

continued on page 10

This pie chart shows the proportion of federal research approved by seven of the thir­teen appropriations subcommittees in Congress. The VA-HUD subcommittee appropri­ates for NSF, NASA, EPA. and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Energyand Water subcommittee approves spending for most DOE research programs includingthe Division of Energy Biosciences, The Agriculture subcommittee appropriates mostagricultural research funds. The Labor-HHS subcommittee approves spending for NIH,Centers for Disease Control. and Department of Education R&D programs. Fourteenpercent of the federal government's discretionary funds went for R&D last year. (Re­printed with permission from Allocating Federal Funds for Science And Technology,copyright 1995 by the National Academy of Sciences. Courtesy of the National Acad­emy Press, Washington, D.C.)

10

continued from page 9

nology development with two excep­tions: in pursuit of the government'sown missions-such as weapons devel­opment or space flight-or where gov­ernment participation is essential for thedevelopment of new enabling, orbroadly applicable technologies.

• EXisting federal laboratories should un­dergo renewed scrutiny, with the possi­bility of redirecting or eliminating re­sources when mission requirementshave diminished or if external review­ers deem them less effective than otheralternatives. At -the' same time, the re­port noted that federal laboratories,which now account for nearly 40 per­cent of the federal science and technol­ogy budget, have played a vital role inthe nation's science and technology en­terprise.The report said that current estimates

of federal research and development ex­penditures exceeding $70 billion annuallyare misleading. Almost half of this amountis spent on activities such as establishingproduction lines and developing opera­tional systems for new aircraft and weap­ons systems that do not involve the cre­ation of new knowledge or technologies.Therefore, a more accurate estimate offederal support for research and develop­ment would range from $35 to $40 billionannually, the report said.

"By any measure, the federalgovernment's investments in science andtechnology since World War II have beena spectacular success, producing enormousbenefits for the nation," said Frank Press,committee chair and former president ofthe National Academy of Sciences. Pressis currently senior fellow at the CarnegieInstitution of Washington.

"If the government adopts thecommittee's recommendations, it will bepOSSible to reduce or eliminate some pro­grams, boost support of others and restrainfederal spending, all while maintainingour nation's excellence in science and tech­nology," Press added.

The report called for development of thefederal budget to take the following steps:• An annual comprehensive research and

development budget, including areas ofincreased and reduced emphasis wouldbe made by the President.

• Research fund allocation decisionswould be made by departments andagencies based on clearly articulated

criteria congruent with those used bythe President and the Congress. Con­gress would create a process that exam­ines the entire research budget beforethe total federal budget is divided intoallocations to appropriations committeesand subcommittees.

• The President and Congress would en­sure that the research budget is suffi­cient to allow the nation to achieve pre­eminence in a select number of fieldsand to perform at a world-class level inother major fields.

• The U.s. would pursue internationalcooperation to share costs to tap intothe world's best science and technologyand to meet national goals.

The report used plant science researchexamples of federal science and technol­ogy that "enable continuing U.S. innova­tion." Among the eight examples of "ba-

Defense51%

ASPP Newsletter

sic research" listed in a table in the reportwas the following: "Exploring the chemis­try of photosynthesis-at many universi­ties and federal laboratories (USDA,NSF)." There were also examples of basicresearch in the physical and social sciencesamong the eight examples.

Among the dozen examples of "funda­mental technology development" listed inthe table of research that "enable continu­ing U.s. innovation" was the following:"Breeding drought-resistant or saline-tol­erant crop plants-at USDA centers anduniversities (USDA, USAID)."

The report was requested by the SenateAppropriations Committee. The report isavailable at no charge on the World WideWeb at <http://www.nas.edu/nap/online/>.

Labor-HHS16%

'Interior2%

Agriculture2%

Commerce-justice-State2%

Others1%

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1----

11

Edited by Robert Wise, Department ofBiology, University of WisconsinOshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, e-mailwise@vaxa.cis.uwosh.edu.

Plant Physiology to PublishEducation Articles

Maarten Chrispeels, editor of PlantPhysiology, has announced that theSociety's flagship journal will beaccepting up to six peer-reviewed, highquality, scholarly articles per yearrelating to issues in plant biologyeducation. An editorial structure andinstructions to authors are beingdeveloped. Susan Singer (CarletonCollege, MN) has worked closely withthe Society's publications committeeand journal editors to help bring aboutthis opportunity for the ASPP to joinother leading scientific societies indemonstrating a commitment to scienceeducation by publishing such articles.Please see companion articles on thistopic,

Impact of Publist:ling Plant EducationArticles Noted

Dr. David R. Hershey (PrinceGeorge's Community· College, Largo,MD), who has been very active inpublishing education articles that focuson plants as experimental systems,recently posted a complete, updated listof outlets for such articles on the PlantEducation Newsgroup. Dr. Hersheypoints out that despite the lack of ajournal devoted specifically to issuesinvolving plant education, botanicalscientists and educators have severalother outlets for education articles. Healso notes that before publishing, it isworthwhile to search the ERIC databasefor articles on the manuscript's topicthat have appeared in the scienceeducation literature, Although far fromcomplete, ERIC does include most ofthe journals that publish plant teachingarticles. However, it began in 1966,thus the earlier literature, much ofwhich is still useful, is missed.Hershey notes that plant biologists whodo not publish plant education articlescan still provide strength to the

literature by introducing it to theirstudents, particularly to graduatestudents who intend to pursue teachingcareers. Introductory botany coursescould provide students with informa­tion on plant biology teaching, whichwould include resources and techniquesfor precollege teachers and parents.Topics could include sources and typesof plant biology science fair projects,plant biology curricula (e.g. Wisconsinfast plants, GrowLab, Lifelab, etc.), andplant projects that parents can do withtheir children (e.g. making a terrarium,growing plants from supermarketproduce, hydroponics, forcing springbulbs, growing novelty plants, usingplants as toys, etc.). A useful book onthe latter topic is Honeysuckle Sipping:The Plant Lore of Childhood, Jeanne R.Chesanow, 1987 (Down East Books,Camden, ME).

Hershey also notes that most of therewards for publishing in scienceeducation journals seem to be of thepersonal satisfaction kind. Althoughusually not recognized as such byadministrators, an innovative scienceeducation article is a scholarly achieve­ment that will probably have a widerreadership and greater impact thanmost research articles. Sharing tried­and-true plant teaching techniques is aservice to educator colleagues and plantbiology education in general. It mayalso enable zoologically focused scienceteachers to add some plant content totheir general biology courses, Hersheyuses several of his teaching articles ashandouts in his undergraduate classes.Students are impressed that they canactually understand the articles­something not possible with mostresearch articles, As a final caution, Dr.Hershey notes that tenure-track facultyshould be wary about publishingteaching articles, At some institutions,they are considered a negative, ratherthan a positive, part of the tenurepackage.

David Hershey has published overtwo dozen plant education articles in avariety of refereed science educationjournals.

Update on Outlets forPlant Education Publications

The MarchiApril 1994 ASPP News­letter contained an article by SusanSinger and David Hershey on publica­tion outlets for plant education articles.That list has been updated and ex­panded in the following condensationof Hershey's recent posting to the PlantEducation Newsgroup.

The American Biology Teacher, pub­lished by the National Association ofBiology Teachers (NABT), is probablythe single biggest source of plantbiology teaching articles. It has acirculation of about 11,000, and itsreaders are about 75% high schoolbiology teachers, yet most articles arewritten by college faculty. Surveysindicate the most appreciated articlesare of the how-to-do-it type, which givedirections for hands-on labs or teachingtechniques. Other articles includereviews of particular biology topics orteaching techniques.

BioScience has three departments,Education, the Biologist Toolbox, andViewpoint, all of which are goodvenues for plant teaching articles.

The British quarterly Journal ofBiological Education publishes a greatmany plant articles and is one of thefew that gives free reprints to authors.

The National Science TeachersAssociation (NSTA) publishes fourgeneral science teaching journals:Science & Children for elementaryteachers, Science Scope for middle schoolteachers, The Science Teacher for highschool teachers, and Journal of CollegeScience Teaching. All often contain plantarticles. An advantage of NSTAjournals is that they have artists whocan take an author's rough sketchesand make professional draWings. TheJournal of College Science Teaching isaimed primarily at faculty who teachintroductory courses and has a FavoriteDemonstration section that is ideal for1 to 2 page articles.

+Carolina Tips is a newsletter distrib­uted free to science teachers by Caro-

continued on page 12

12

continued from page 11

lina Biological Supply Company. It isunique because the articles oftencontain color illustrations. Articles arerefereed by Carolina's staff of Ph.D.biologists, and authors are providedwith free reprints.

Science Activities is a quarterlygeneral science education journalfocusing on hands-on activities andoften publishes plant articles.

The Journal of Chemical Educationsometimes publishes articles that dealwith plant and soil chemistry.

The American Society of Agronomypublishes the Journal of Natural Re­sources And Life Sciences Education,formerly the Journal of AgronomicEducation. It has the rare distinction, fora science education journal, of havingone of its articles cited in a majortextbook (Plant Physiology by Salisbury& Ross). Unlike the above journals, ithas page charges.

BioScene - Journal of College BiologyTeaching, is published by the Associa­tion of Midwest College BiologyTeachers. It contains many plantarticles. All its 21 volumes are beingarchived on-line, which will make itone of the most easily accessiblejournals.

Research journals sometimes publishteaching articles as well. The Interna­tional Journal of Plant Science (formerlyBotanical Gazette) recently published anarticle on teaching use of the fernCeratopteris. The American Journal ofBotany publishes occasional specialarticles that could be considerededucational. The Plant Science Bulletinpublishes education articles, and theASPP Newsletter has an EducationForum for short items. Most states havescience teacher and biology teacherorganizations, some with periodicals.

Lichen Growth Rates Used ToDetermine Building Age

Andy Dyson (Sutton ColdfieldCollege, Birmingham, UK) describes apractical ("laboratory exercise" forthose of us "across the pond") basedon the growth rate of lichens found onsurfaces of a known age. Gravestonesare particularly useful as their date ofinstallation is engraved on the surface.

Two good lichens to study areXanthoria parientina (a yellow-orange

variety) and Parmelia sulcata (blue-gray),both of which grow in a circularpattern and therefore are useful for thisexercise. Both lichens are common inthe U.K. but other species may need tobe substituted for other locations.Dyson recommends that educatorscheck with a lichenologist familiar withyour local species.

X. parientina is fairly resistant topollution. It can grow at rates of about2.5 mm (radial growth) per yeardepending on the local microclimate. P.sulcata is equally tolerant but growsonly about 1.2 to 2.2 mm per year. Theexercise is based on the assumptionthat the largest specimen on the rock/gravestone colonized soon afterexposure. Armed with a hand lens andsuitable measuring devices, the studentsset about recording the diameters oflichens on gravestones of known age.They then construct a calibration curve(diameter vs. age) and from that agrowth rate can be calculated.

There are many factors which canaffect the growth rate (rock type,exposure to wind and sun, localmoisture conditions) and therefore,students are encourage to comment onthe possible errors within their calcula­tions. Growth rates from different sitescan be compared to demonstrate theeffect of local conditions on lichengrowth.

A competition can then be set upwhereby the students have to date abuilding or monument based solely onlichen growth rate and their owncalibration curve. The exact date ofconstruction of the building can usuallybe obtained from local records.

Arabidopsis lab Manual on the WobJonathan Monroe (James Madison

University) has put together a WWWmanual for an Arabidopsis lab projectused in his plant physiology course.Briefly, students isolate mutants, growthem for seed, then conduct experi­ments to characterize the mutation(s).The project takes the entire semester,but traditional experiments are pursuedwhile the putative mutants are grow­ing.

The manual is divided into twoparts. One is for instructors andcontains a poster presentation from arecent ASPP meeting, and the otherpart is a manual for students that

ASPP Newsletter

contains links to the extensiveArabidopsis databases on the Web. TheURL is: <http://www.jmu.edu/biology/pplab/ppjm1.html>.

Jon welcomes anyone to have a lookat his manual and asks to be informedof any errors or bugs.

Resources Available From tl1e NABTThe National Association of Biology

Teachers (NABT) has made available totheir members over 20 publicationsdealing with issues and practices inbiology education at the elementary,middle and high school levels. Thesepublications are also available to non­members and costs range from $10 to$60 depending on the monograph. Thecontents ranges from cookbook labora­tory exercises (many of which can beadapted to college-level introductorycourses) to international high schoolbiology exams. A one-page flyercontaining book descriptions, cost, andordering information can be obtainedfrom NABT Headquarters at 800-406­0775.

Titles are:• A Sourcebook of Biotechnology

Activities• Basic Biological Concepts: What

Should the World's Children Know• Biology Labs That Work: The Best of

the How-To-Do-Its• Biology on a Shoestring• Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering &

Society• Bitten by the Biology Bug• Favorite Labs from Outstanding

Teachers, Vols. 1 & 2• Investigating Evolutionary Biology in

the Laboratory• Learning Biology With Plant Pathol­

ogy• Oceanography for Landlocked

Classrooms• Order & Diversity in the Living

World: Teaching Taxonomy andSystematics in Schools

• Teaching Critical Thinking Skills inBiology

• Using Fast Plants & Bottle Biology inthe Classroom

• What College-Bound StudentsAbroad Are Expected to Know aboutBiology

• Working With DNA & Bacteria inPrecollege Science Classrooms

13January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No. 1 _--------------------------------

ASPP Scientist Outreach AssisisFrederick County ScienceStudents, Teachers

As the Frederick County (Maryland)Board of Education learned detailsNovember 20 of its. award of state fundsfor construction of a new science lab,schools Superintendent Dan Gadracredited ASPP member Doug Lusterand ASPP for their assistance of theschools' science program.

The ASPP partnership with FrederickCounty schools was used as supportinginformation by the schools in theirwinning request to the state for con­struction funds for a new science lab.Awards of this type by the state wererare last year.

Gadra also informed the board thatseveral Frederick County high schoolstudents served internshiBs at a USDA­ARS laboratory at Fort Detrick inFrederick after ASPP and FrederickCounty schools agreed informally toform a partnership in October 1994.

Gadra and Board of EducationMember (then chair) Earl Robbins metwith the ASPP Education Committee,

past president Jim Siedow, Doug Luster,and ARS scientist J. Michael Robinsonat ASPP headquarters in October 1994.ASPP member Maxine Highsmithinitiated the proposal for ASPP to forma partnership earlier with a letter toRussell Jones, former ASPP President.

In February 1995, Luster met with theFrederick County Middle School andhigh school science department chairs.Ideas for the partnership were discussedat the meeting. Luster offered use ofARS labs to teachers and briefed themon student internship programs. Lusteralso met with the Linganore HighSchool science department chair todiscuss useful formats for workshopsand lesson plans in plant science.

In the summer of 1995, three studentsfrom Frederick County high schoolsinterned in the labs of Luster and fellowARS scientists Paul Tooley and NormSchaad. Equipment and supplies thatwere no longer of use to the ARS lab atFort Detrick and would have beendiscarded last summer were enthusiasti­cally selected by Frederick Countymiddle and high school teachers for use

at the schools. Funds for purchase oflab equipment at school systems areoften limited.

Luster said future plans this yearinclude conducting a Fast Plantsworkshop. Selected exercises from theASPP high school teachers workshopheld earlier at the annual meeting maybe presented at an "in service" teachercareer development day this year.

The partnership with FrederickCounty schools is primarily with itsMiddletown High SchooL The partner­ship agreement document notes that itdoes not constitute a legally bindingagreement, but represents a mutuallystated desire to work toward a commongoaL The signing of the partnershipbetween ASPP and the FrederickCounty schools was shown on theFrederick County cable access televisionchannel.

The ASPP Education Committee issupporting and reviewing outreachefforts conducted with the FrederickCounty schools for possible future usein other school districts. .

Agricultural Research Service scientist Doug Luster (left) represented the American Societyof Plant Physiologists (ASPP) at the signing ceremony of a partnership agreement betweenASPP and Frederick County schools. Frederick County Board of Education member EarlRobbins (center) and schools Superintendent Daniel Gadra also signed the document at aBoard of Education meeting.

14 ASPP Newsletter

FIRST ASPP-SPONSORED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE A RESOUNDING SUCCESSJoint US-Mexico Symposium AHracts 250 Plant Biologists from Mexico and the United States

The two organizers from Mexico of the joint U.S.-Mexico symposium, Miguel Lara on theleft and Alejandro Covarrubias on the right. are shown with Ted Hsiao from U,C. Davis,

The first joint U.s.-Mexico meeting inplant biology, co-sponsored by the ASPPand the Mexican Society of Biochemistry,was held in Cocoyoc, Mor, Mexico, No­vember 5-9, 1995. A binational organiz­ing committee (Miguel Lara-Flores andAlejandra Covarrubia-Robes from Mexico,who did the actual work of organizingthe meeting, and Virginia Walbot andMaarten Chrispeels from the UnitedStates) was constituted in response to aninvitation to the ASPP from FedericoSanchez, the president of the MexicanSociety of Biochemistry.

The purpose of the meeting was to fos­ter closer ties between Mexican and U.S.plant biologists by providing an excitingmeeting at which scientists from bothcountries could present their latest find­ings. The program emphasized basic re­search in plant biology directed at majorMexican crops (maize, sorghum, toma­toes, beans, peppers, wheat). An interdis­ciplinary approach included speakers whoutilize biotechnology, molecular biology,biochemistry, physiology, agrobiologyand genetics to better understand theseimportant crops. The enthusiasm of the250 participants (about 210 from Mexicoand 40 from the United States) providedample evidence that these two ambitiousgoals were reached. A major benefit ofthis conference was that the Mexicangraduate students, who generally do nothave access to funds to attend meetingsin other countries, were able to learn first­hand of research breakthroughs in manyU.s. laboratories.

The ConferenceThe conference was organized as a se­

ries of five major symposia, (N2-fixation;cereal development; plants under stress;biotechnology; signal transduction), di­vided equally between U.s. and Mexicanpresentations; six minisymposia, aboutone-third U.s. and two-thirds Mexicanpresentations; and three poster sessions,with 110 of 130 posters from Mexico.From the Mexican side, the three majorcenters of plant molecular biology(UNAM-Mexico City, UNAM-IBT­Cuernavaca, Cinvestav-Irapuato) wereheavily represented. Speakers for the sym­posia and mini-symposia also came from

other institutes in Mexico including CICY(Merida), INIFAP (Chapingo), CIMMYT,the Center for Nitrogen Fixation(Cuernavaca), and the Collegio dePostgraduades de Chapingo (Montecillo).

Sources of Financial SupportParticipation of scientists and students

from Mexico was supported by UNAM(Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Bio­technology), CONACYT (the Mexicanequivalent of our NSF), and the MexicanSociety of Biochemistry. Participation ofsenior scientists, postdocs, and studentsfrom the United States was supported bya major grant from the National ScienceFoundation (International Programs), agrant from the Samuel Roberts NobleFoundation, and contributions from nineU.s. biotechnology companies: Agracetus,DeKalb, DuPont, Monsanto, NorthrupKing, Petoseed, Pioneer Hi-Bred Interna­tional, Sandoz Agro, and U.S. TobaccoCompany. ASPP, a sponsor of the meet­ing, administered the grants and dona­tions and sent its outgoing preSident, JimSiedow, as the ASPP representative. TheNational Science Foundation was repre­sented by Tom Brady.

The FutureAt the business meeting of the Mexican

organizing committee, a consensusemerged that a similar conference should

be held in two years time to consolidatethe gains made at the Cocoyoc conference.Luis Herrera-Estrella and AlfredoHerrera-Estrella, both from Cinvestav­Irapuato, agreed to spearhead the effortat a site close to the colonial city ofGuanajuato, which is about 200 milesnorthwest of Mexico City. Also, Mexicanplant biologists were encouraged to at­tend the Plant Biology '96, the annualmeeting of ASPP in San Antonio, Texas,and the 1997 Pacific Rim meeting involv­ing the ASPP, the Canadian Society ofPlant Physiologists, and the Japanese andAustralian societies.

Two U.s. scientists who will lead theU.S. delegation for the 1998 meeting willbe identified at a later time. At a meetingorganized by the u.s. delegation to dis­cuss sources of support for collaborativeresearch, Tom Brady explained how theNSF International Grants Program works,and successful applicants (Ann Hirschand Champa Sengupta-Gopalan) addedtheir comments. Subsequent discussionscentered on how we might interest amajor philanthropic foundation in apostdoc exchange program and what rolethe ASPP Education Foundation couldplay in administering such a program.The organizers of the 1995 U.s. delega­tion, Virginia Walbot and MaartenChrispeels, plan to look further into thisquestion.

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

Mutual Recognition of Plant Science Societies

15

According to the latest ASPP member­ship directory, 154 German plant physi­ologists hold membership in ASPP. Onthe other side, the number of colleaguesfrom the United States who support theGerman Botanical Society through mem­bership is comparatively small (17). Thisnumerical imbalance approximately re­flects the respective predilections of jun­ior scientists of the two countries to do,e.g., postdoctoral work in an institute onthe opposing side of the Atlantic. Espe­cially since the end of World War II, thedreams of rising generations of Germanbotanists have focused on the scientificscene of the United States as representinga world of unlimited opportunity. Fortu­nately, special exchange programs fromthe German side-e.g., that of the

PEOPLE

• Dr. Hans Kende, Michigan State Uni­versity, was awarded an honorary doc­torate by the Faculty of Sciences of theUniversity of Fribourg, Switzerland, at thetraditional Dies Academicus ceremony onNovember 15, 1995, in Fribourg. Kendeand his wife attended the ceremony,during which he was honored for "hiseminent research in the field of plantphysiology," for "his ongoing support ofyoung researchers of all nations at thePlant Research Laboratory, MichiganState University, East Lansing," and for"all he has accomplished with exemplarycommitment and dignity in the service ofplant biology."

• Barbara ]. Baker, of the USDA/ARS,Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany,California, won a 1995 EnvironmentalProtection Award from USDA. Baker, aplant molecular geneticist, who also is anadjunct professor at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, was honored for iso­lating and cloning the viral resistancegene, N. Her work holds promise for

Humboldt Foundation-attract predomi­nantly senior scientists from the UnitedStates to spend time as guest researchersin German laboratories.

Admittedly, when working in a hostlaboratory, we are fascinated above all bythe science and do not think about scien­tific societies. However, these societiesform an important part of our scientificlife, in setting the scene for our researchby publishing journals and organizingmeetings, electing editors and awardingprizes.

Being conscious of the internationalcharacter of science, the German Botani­cal Society will, in addition to its otherobligations, be happy to help guest plantscience researchers when visiting Ger­many. The Society can assist in establish­ing contacts, arranging invitations, pro­viding the services of its library and­last, but not least-offering its interna­tional journal, Botanica Acta, for the pub­lication of high quality research findings

enabling plants to withstand the tobaccomosaic virus, known to attack more than150 varieties of plants worldwide. ThePlant Gene Expression Center is operatedby ARS and Ue-Berkeley.

Barbara J. Baker, Plant Gene ExpressionCenter, Albany, California. .

in any area of the plant sciences. BotanicaActa is indexed in Current Contents andfive other bibliographic databases.

The best possible support of colleaguesfrom abroad would be facilitated by mem­bership in our 118 year-old German Bo­tanical Society (Deutsche BotanischeGesellschaft), which today has about 1000members grouped into several sections,including plant physiology and phycol­ogy. The membership fees are in the samerange as those for the ASPP and includea subscription to the journal of the soci­ety (Botanica Acta). With the aim of en­hancing scientific relations, the DeutscheBotanische Gesellschaft will be happy todiscuss ways to increase interactions, suchas improved benefits of mutual member­ship with the ASPP.

Erwin BeckUniversity of Bayreuth

President of theGerman Botanical Society

• Two appointments have been maderecently at the National ScienceFoundation's Division of Integrative Bi­ology and Neuroscience: Machi F.Dilworth has been named acting deputydirector of the division and Hans Bohnert,University of Arizona, is serving as pro­gram director of the division's Integra­tive Plant Biology Program.

Hans Bohnert, program director, NSF'sIn1"egrative Plant Biology Program.

16 ASPP Newsletter

NSF Travel Grant Funds Available Again toMinority Students and Faculty

.Applications Due June 1

Call for Nominations forOfficers and Awards HasBeen Mailed

The annual call for nominations forofficers and awards was mailed to allASPP members on February 3. Nomina­tions for officers are due at headquartersby March 15, 1996; those for awards aredue at headquarters April 8.

ASPP members will be nominating forthe offices of president-elect (succeedingDonald R. Ort) and elected member ofthe ASPP executive committee (succeed­ing Kenneth Keegstra). The president-electwill serve under that title in 1996-1997, aspresident in 1997-1998, and as immediatepast present in 1998-1999. The electedmember will serve on the ASPP executivecommittee for three years, 1996-1999.Nominations for officers are due at head­quarters by March 15, 1996.

Awards to be presented in 1996 include:The Stephen Hales Prize, the Charles ReidBarnes Life Membership Award, theCharles F. Kettering Award, and Corre­sponding Membership. The nominatingballot explains the qualifications for eachof the awards and the procedure to befollowed to submit a nomination. Nomi­nations for awards are due at headquar­ters by April 8, 1996. Awardees will thenbe selected from among nominees by theappropriate awards committees. Awardswill be presented at a ceremony duringPlant Biology '96, ASPP's annual meetingin San Antonio, Texas.

Members are urged to participate in thenominating process. If you do not receiveyour ballot, please contact Sharon Kellyat ASPP headquarters (telephone 301-251­0560, ext. 17, fax 301-279-2996, or e-mailskelly@aspp.org).

Money is still available from aNational Science Foundation-fundedgrant, approved in 1995, that wasdesigned to encourage greater partici­pation by minority students andminority faculty at scholarly gatheringsof plant scientists.

A unique and critical aspect of theeffort that differentiates ASPP's pro­posal from other, similar programs isthat ASPP hopes to pair each travelawardee with a mentor who hassimilar research interests. Mentors, whowill not be eligible for travel grants,will counsel the awardee at the meetingand will help to provide networkingopportunities. The committee hopesthat relationships thus formed willendure and that mentors will continueover a long period to participateactively in helping awardees as theypursue careers in plant science.

The grant provides support forapproximately six minority students orbeginning faculty to attend meetings,conferences, and workshops within thecontinental United States during theperiod July 1, 1996, through May 31,1997. Applicants for travel awards mustbe U.s. citizens. Awards will be basedupon the merit of the applications.

Application forms for both travelgrant applicants and persons volunteer­ing to serve as mentors are included inthe center of this newsletter and aredue at ASPP headquarters by June 1,1996. Applicants will be notified of thedecision of the committee by the end ofJune. Questions about the travel grantand mentoring program can be directedto Deborah Weiner, ASPP-MAC liaison,telephone 301-251-0560, ext. 18, e-maildweiner@aspp.org, or to Ken Beam,ASPP executive director, 301-251- 0560,ext. 15 e-mail kenbeam@aspp.org.

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

On Doing a Postdoctoral Tenure Abroad:Strategies for Potential Transplants

19

By Claire S. Ting, NSF/NATO PostdoctoraiResearch Fellow (1994-95), Institut deBiologie Physico-Chimique, SeNice dePhotosynthesis, 75005 Paris, France, andNicholas J. Mantis, Fuibright Scholar,(1994-95) Institut Pasteur. Unite dePathogenie Microbienne Moleculaire,Inserm U-389, 75724 Paris, France.

One reason that American sciencestudents do not traditionally pursue anapprenticeship in an overseaslaboratory may involve the quality anddiversity of science training available inthe United States, However, it has beenobserved that science involves skillsboth at the bench and at the level ofhuman interaction and that developingan understanding of other cultures isfundamental for a well-roundededucation and for the well-being of theworld. This recognition may perhapsinspire some scientists to voyageoverseas.

The postdoctoral years are aparticularly good time to go abroad.Postdoctoral positions are, bydefinition, imperrpanent, and youpossess a mobility that is seldomavailable at other times of your career.Going overseas not only guaranteesexposure to dissimilar scientificapproaches, questions, and goals butalso enables you to interact with peoplefrom widely different cultures anddevelop your ability to confront thechallenges of new environments.

Potential Projects and LaboratoriesIf you decide to go abroad, it is

critical to prepare early. Althoughinformation transfer overseas now takesonly seconds, human transfers stillrequire longer time scales.

A first step is to research a fewpotential projects and advisors. Thereare generally two classes ofpostdoctoral projects. One involvescontinuing various aspects of yourthesis work and may enable you toinvestigate questions you did notpursue while under pressure to finishyour degree. With this type of project,you may have the advantage of beingable to select an advisor with whomyou have already interacted. The

second class involves conducting aproject in an area different from that ofyour previous specialization. In thiscase, it is common not to have hadprior interaction with your potentialadvisor and initial contact may beconducted through a formal letter. Ifyou are able to arrange a meeting, tryto establish how receptive he/she is toyour ideas and goals. Adopt a criticalapproach toward suggested researchtopics since visiting (temporary)scientists are often offered riskyprojects.

Speak with as many women andmen as you can who have spentdifferent lengths of time in thelaboratory you are interested in. Inaddition, it is important to visit theinstitution and examine the actualfacilities and availability of informationcenters. Inquire about the ease ofordering scientific reagents: in somecountries, this process may take asignificant amount of time relative tothe length of your tenure.

ForeknowledgeEach country has different legal

requirements for non-citizens who wishto work there for an extended period oftime. Advance knowledge of theserequirements will allow you both toassess the ease of working in thatcountry and to assemble all thenecessary documents. Professors whohave spent sabbatic time abroad andpeople within language departmentsare invaluable sources of practicalinformation, as well as of insightsabout differences in culturalexpectations and interactions.

Developing some proficiency in thelanguage of your host country willmake your life inside and outside ofthe laboratory more enjoyable.Although English is often thedesignated language of scientificconferences, it is not the designatedlanguage of scientific laboratories. Mostimportantly, taking the time to gainknowledge of a country's languagedemonstrates a sincere interest in itsculture. Some postdoctoral researcherswait until they arrive before enrolling

in an intensive language programoffered bya university, private tutor, oras in Paris, by the mayor's office. Thisapproach may be successful, but willrequire a significant time commitment.

Ideas On FundingThere are two main approaches for

funding your postdoctoral time abroad:apply for support from the hostcountry with the assistance of youroverseas advisor or obtain funds in theUnited States and bring your ownsupport. These two approaches can becombined, particularly in the case of anextended stay. Several foreigninstitutions offer in-house awards ornational fellowships for visitingscientists.(For a listing of some fundingagencies, see page 20.) However, if youare able to bring your own funding,you may have a wider selection ofpotential laboratories. The office ofsponsored programs at a university isan excellent starting point forinformation about privately sponsoredand government-associated fellowshipand grant opportunities. Be aware thatsome awards may be designedprimarily for U.s. projects, but includea stipulation encouraging a short-termtenure overseas. Start early with theapplication process: turnover periodsare often more than six months, and inthe event of a negative response, therewill be time to reapply.

On Your WayBefore you are actually on your way,

it is wise to plan ahead for yourreturn. If you would like to conductanother postdoctoral tenure in theUnited States after your time abroad, itis helpful to visit a few potentiallaboratories before you leave. Meetingsand interviews may be inconvenient toarrange while you are overseas.

A postdoctoral experience abroadwill inevitably involve new difficulties.However, facing the challenges willgive rise to new understanding andinsights, and because of what you willlearn about other cultures and science

continued on page 20

20

cOr\tir\ued from page 19

and about your self, the overallexperience will undoubtedly beworthwhile.

ASPP Newsletter

Have you remembered to renew your

men1bership in ASPP?

Have you renewed your subscriptions to

Plant Physiology and THE PLANT CELL?

To guarantee your listing in the

1996 ASPP Membership Directory

RENEW TODAY!!

If you did not receIve renewal forms,

contact Sharon Kelly at

ASPP headquarters:

telephone 301-251-0560, ext. 29,

fax 301-279-2996,

e-mail skelly@aspp.org

Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular BiologyEdited by

H. G. Pontis, G. L. Salerno, E. J. EcheverriaProceedings

International Symposium on Sucrose MetabolismMar del Plaia, Argentina

May 8-13,1995

Current Topics in Plant Physiology: An American Society of Plant Physiologists Series, Volume 14

The Early Days of the Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas,Fundacion Campomar, A. C. Paladini

Carlos Cardini: A Whole Life Devoted to Research and Teaching,J. S. Tandecarz

Regulation of Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase by Reversible ProteinPhosphorylation: Manipulation of Activation and Inactivation inVivo, S. C. Huber, M. Bachmann, R. W. McMichael, Jr., J. 1. Huber

The Regulation of Sucrose Synthesis in Leaves and Tubers of PotatoPlants, P. Geigenberger, K-P. Krause, 1. M. Hill, R. Reimholz,E. MacRae, P. Quick, U. Sonnewald, M. Stitt

The Structure of Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase, M. E. Salvucci,F. J. van de Loa, R. R. Klein

Biosynthesis of Sucrose in Lower Organisms, G. 1. Salerno,A. C Porchia, N. Sanchez

Metabolic Roles of Sucrose Synthase: Example of Rice IsozymesEncoded by Three Isogenes , J.-c. Su

Can Sucrose Cleavage Enzymes Serve as Markers for Sink Strengthand Is Sucrose a Signal Molecule during Plant Sink Development?,C. C. Black, T Laboda, J.-Q. Chen, S.-J. S. Sung

The Plant Invertases, A. R. Sampietro

3-Phosphoglyceric Acid Activation of Maize Endosperm ADP-GlcPyrophosphorylase fOllowing Proteolytic Cleavage of the SH2 orBT2 Subunits, 1. C. Hannah, J. Baier, J. Carren, M. Giroux

On the Role of Sucrose Synthase in Cellulose and CalloseBiosynthesis in Plants, P. S. Chourey, M. E. Miller

Fructan Accumulation in Transgenic Plants: Effect on Growth,Carbohydrate Partitioning and Stress Resistance, E. A. H. Pilon-Smits,M. J. M. Ebskamp, P. J. Weisbeek, S. C M. Smeekens

Sucrose-Starch Transition in Plant Cells, T. Akazawa, C-H Lin,J.-H. Lin, N. Smith

Can We Assign Specific Roles for the Starch Biosynthetic Enzymeswith Respect to Starch Biosynthesis?, J. Preiss, H.-P. Guan, Y. Fu,M. A. Ballicora, M. N. Sivak

Where Do Plants Make ADP-Glc?, T. ap Rees

Role of the Vacuole in Raffinose Oligosaccharide Storage, F.Keller

Sucrose and the Regulation of Fructan Metabolism in Leaves ofTemperate Gramineae, C. J. Pollock, A. 1. Winters, J. Gallagher,A. J. Cairns

Fructan-an Extension of Sucrose by Sucrose, A. Wiemken,N. Sprenger, T Boller

A Discussion on the Present Model of Fructan Biosynthesis,H. G. Pontis

Sucrose Transporters in Assimilate Partitioning and Plant Growth,D. R. Bush, T-J. Chiou

Phloem Unloading in Developing Wheat Grains, D. B. Fisher

Symplastic Phloem Loading by Polymer Trapping, E. Haritatos,R. Turgeon

A Preliminary Turnover Rate for Sucrose/H+-Antiport on theTonoplast of Red Beet Storage Tissue, H. P. Getz, M. Klein

In Vitro Sucrose Mobilization from the Vacuole, E. Echeverria

Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Desiccation-Tolerant PlantCraterostigma plantagineum Hochst, G. Schwall, R. Elster, J. Ingram,G. Bernacchia, G. Bianchi, 1. Gallagher, F. Salamini, D. Bartels

A Cell Biochemical Study on Sugar-Controlled a-Amylase Secretionin Rice, T. Mitsui, K Yotsushima, Y. Nabekura

Transgenic Plants as a Tool to Analyze Carbohydrate Metabolism,J. Kossmann, B.-M. Rober, J.Riesmeier, W.-B. Frommer, U. Sonnewald,1. Willmitzer

On the Initiation of Starch Synthesis, J. S. Tandecarz, F. J. Ardila,S. N. Bocca, S. Moreno, A. Rothschild

Sucrose Provides a Long Distance Signal for Coarse Control of GenesAffecting Its Metabolism, K E. Koch, J. Xu, E. R. Duke, D. R. McCarty,C-x. Yuan, B.-C. Tan, W. T Avigne

What Next?, T ap Rees

AmountcopiesNo. of

DDiner's Club

D I enclose a check for U.s. currency, drawn on a U.S. bank, and made out to ASPP.

Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology Book No. 30037 Copy

priceMember $15Nonmember $25Expedited Mail (add $15) TOTAL

I ! ! MAIL THIS FORM TO ! ! !American Society of Plant PhysiologistsPO Box 64209Baltimore, MD 21264·4209 USA

D I authorize this charge to my account:DVisa DMasterCard

Credit card number (in blocks):

0000000000000000Expiration date (in blocks):0 DID 0Signature: _

Name: __________________________ Phone: Member ID number _

Address:

22 ASPP Newsletter

Thursday, February 29, "1996Deadline for abstracts for Plant Biology '96

MARKYOURCALE DAR5TODAYWITH THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT

A5PP DATES TO EMEMBER!

Friday, March 15, 1996Nominations due for ASPP officers

Monday, April 8, 1996Nominations due for ASPP awards

Saturday, July 27 - Wednesday, lJuly 31Pia nt Biology '96

The annual meeting of theAmerican Society of Plant Physiologists

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

Gatheri gs23

The newsletter publishes dates, titles, locations, and contact names and addresses for meetings, courses, seminars, andthe like that are of interest to ASPP members. Submit announcements via e-mail to sbraxton@aspp.org or mail toSylvia J. Braxton. ASPP Newsletter, 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855-2768 USA. Faxed transmissions arenot accepted.

FEBRUARY

February 23Washington Area Section of AmericanSociety of Plant PlwsiologistsWinter MeetingCollege Park, MarylandContact: Robert D. Slocum, WAS-ASPPSecretary-Treasurer, Department of Biologi­cal Sciences, Goucher College, Baltimore,Maryland 21204-2794; telephone 410-337­6303, fax 410-337-6508, e-mailbslocum@goucher.edu.

MARCH

March 10-16Seventh International Symposium onFlower BulbsHerzliya, IsraelContact Ortra Ltd., P.O.B. 50432, Tel Aviv,61500, Israel,; fax 972-3-5174433.

March 10-16Third International Workshop onBasic' and Applied Research inPlasmodesmal BiologyZichron Yakov, IsraelFor further information contact one of thefollowing: Bernard Epel, Division of PlantBiology MRC7, The Scripps ResearchInstitute, 10666 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla,Ca 92037; fax 619-554-6330; e-mailbepel@scripps.edu; Shmulik Wolf, Depart-

ment of Vegetable Crops, The Faculty ofAgriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot,Israel 76100; fax 972-8- 468-265, e-mailswolf@agri.huji.ac.il; William Lucas, Sectionof Plant Biology, University of California,Davis, California 95616; fax 916-752-5410, e­mail wjlucas@ucdavis.edu.

March 14-17Maize Genetics MeetingPheasant Run Conference CenterSt. Charles, IllinoisContact: Paul Chomet, Chair, MaizeGenetics Steering Committee, telephone 860­572-5224, fax 860-572-5240, e-mailpchomet@dekalb.com.

March 15-21Keystone SymposiumThe Extracellular Matrix of Plants:Molecular, Cellular andDevelopmental BiologyTamarIOn, ColoradoContact: Keystone Symposia, Drawer 1630,Silverthorne, CO 80498; telephone 303-262­1230, fax 303-262-1525.

March 30 -April 1Southern Section of American Society ofPlant PhysiologistsAnnual MeetingOrlando, FloridaContact: Dawn Luthe, Secretary/Treasurer,Department of Biochemistry, Box 9650,Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762;

telephone 601-325-7733, fax 601-325-8664, e­mail dsluthe@ra.msstate.edu. The deadlinefor submiting papers is February 28, 1996.

APRIL

April 9-13Third International Workshop: SulfurMetabolism in Higher PlantsNewcastle upon Tyne, United KingdomContact: Prof. John Cram, Department ofPlant Biology, Ridley Building, University ofNewcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon TyneNEI JRU, UK. .

April 11-13New Biological Approaches to Understandand Improve Winter Survival of PlantsArhus, DenmarkContact: Bjarni 1. Gudleifsson, RALAModruvellir, 601 Akureyri, Iceland; tele­phone: + 354-6-24477, fax + 354-6-27144.

April 12-14Photosynthesis at the Frontiers of BiologyUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignContact: Daniel Bush, 190 ERML, Universityof Illinois, Urbana, II. 61801; telephone 217­333-6109, e-mail d-bushl@uiuc.edu.

April 12-199th International Congress onSoilless CultureSt. Helier, Jersey, Channel IslandsWrite to Secretariat of ISOSC, P.O. Box 52,6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

April 15-17Starch: Structure and FunctionCambridge, UKContact: Mrs. M. A. Staff, CavendishLaboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge,CB3 OHE, United Kingdom; telephone 44­1223-3370007, fax 44-1223-337000.

April 17-2015th Annual Missouri SymposiumProtein Phosphorylation in PlantsColumbia, MissouriSubmit abstracts or write for registrationmaterial to Missouri Symposium, 117Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri,Columbia, MO 65211; fax 314-882-5635.

24

April 30Frontiers in Plant Biology: How PlantsCommunicatePlenary SymposiumNational Academy of SciencesAnnual MeetingWashington, DCWashington area plant scientists are invitedto attend. For more information contact:Hans Kende, MSU DOE Plant ResearchLaboratory, Michigan State University, EastLansing, MI 48824-1312; telephone 517-353­7865, fax 517-353-9168, e-mailhkende@msu.edu.

MAY

May 3-4Northeast Section of American Society ofPlant PhysiologistsAnnual MeetingPlattsburgh, New YorkContact: Peter Conrad or Janice Marchut,telephone 518-564-5271, e-mailconradpl@splava.cc.plattsburgh.edu.

May 5-10Model Program in Environmental andAgricultural EthicsMichigan State University, East LansingThe deadline for applications is March 1,1996. Contact: Professor Fred Gifford,Philosophy Department, 503 S. Kedzie Hall,Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824; telephone 517-355-4490, e-mailgifford@pilot.msu.edu.

May 9-19Eighth NATO Advanced Study InstituteCourse: Signals andPathways in PlantsMaratea, Italy,Pending NATO approval. Organizers:Natasha Raikllel, Michigan State University,East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Rob LastBoyce, Thompson, Ithaca, New York, USA;Fiorella Lo Schiavo, University of Padova,Padova, Italy; and Giorgio Morelli, NationalInstitute of Nutrition, Rome, Italy. Moreinformation available at a later date.

May 12-17VIII CongressInternational Society of CitricultureSun City Resort, South AfricaContact: Congress Secretariat, Institute forTropical and Subtropical Crops, Private BagX 11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa;telephone 27-1311-52071, fax 27-1311-23854,e-mail supervisor@itsg.arc.agric.sa.

May 21-28Microinjection Techniques in Cell BiologyWoods Hole, MassachusettsShort Course. For more information contact:

Carol Hamel, Admissions Coordinator,Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street,Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015; telephone 508­289-7401, World Wide Web http://www.mbl.edu.

May 27-June 1Seventh International Conference on theCell and Molecular Biology ofChlamydomonasRegensburg, GermanySend request for registration and abstractmaterials to Dr. Rudiger Schmitt, Institut furBiochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie,93040 Regensburg, Germany; telephone 0049 943-941-3162, fax 00 49 943-941-3163; orsend e-mail to chlamy@acpub.duke.edu.

May 28-June 1Arc et Senans Plant Workshop: RootsArc et Senans, FranceContact: Dr. Louise Dewhurst, IFABCommunications, Department of Biology,University of York, PO Box 373, York YOI5YW, United Kingdom; fax 44 1904 433029,e-mail biocomms@york.ac.uk.

JUNE

June 1-5Noble Foundation SymposiumBiochemical and Metabolic Aspects of 3­Ketoacyl SynthasesHumacao, Puerto RicoFor information and applications, contactJan Jaworski, e-mail jaworsjg@muohio.eduor fax 415-325-6857 or Dusty Post­Beittenmiller, e-mail dpost@noble.org or fax405-221-7380.

June 2-5The Monroe Wall Symposium onNatural Products:Harnessing Biodiversity for TherapeuticDrugs and FoodsNew Brunswick, New JerseyContact: Keith Wilson, Office of ContinuingProfessional Education, Rutgers University,Cook College, P.O. Box 231, NewBrunswick, NJ 08903-0231; telephone 908­932-9271, fax 908-932-1187.

June 2-75th International Symposium onGrapevine PhysiologyHebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusa­lem, IsraelContact: Ben Ami Bravdo. Rehovot, POBI2,Israel 76100, e-mail bravdo@.agri.huji-ac.il.

June 9-13NATO Advanced Research WorkshopB;'Jlogy and Biotechnology of the PlantHormone EthyleneChania, rrete, Greece

ASPP Newsletter

To be added to the symposium mailing list,send your name and address to: Dr.Angelos K. Kanellis, National AgriculturalResearch Foundation, Institute of Viticultureand Vegetable Crops, PO Box 1841, 711 10Heraklion, Crete, Greece; telephone 30 81245851 or 245873, fax 30 81 245873 or245858, e-mail kanellis@nefeli.imbb.forth.gr.

June 16-21Third International Symposium on in VitroCulture and Horticultural BreedingJerusalem, IsraelFor more information, or to receive a callfor papers, contact Third InternationalSymposium on in Vitro Culture andHorticultural Breeding, P.O. Box 50006, Tel­Aviv 6500, Israel.

June 22-261996 World Congress on in Vitro BiologyBioctechnology: From FundamentalConcepts to RealitySan Francisco, CaliforniaContact: Tiffany McMillan, telephone 410­992-0946, fax 410-992-0949.

June 23-26Second International Symposium on theBiology of Root Formation andDevelopmentJerusalem, IsraelFor more information, or to receive a callfor papers, contact Second InternationalSympOSium of the Biology of Root Forma­tion and Development, P.O. Box 50006, Tel­Aviv 61500, Israel.

June 23-28Seventh International Conference onArabidopsis ResearchUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich, UnitedKingdomQueries may be addressed to:arabidopsis@bbsrc.ac.uk.

June 25-28 JuneThe Second International Weed ControlCongressCopenhagen, DenmarkContact: International Conference Services,P.O. Box 41, Strandvejen 171, DK-2900Hellerup, Denmark, telephone 45 39 61 2195, fax 45 39 61 20 68; or Jens C. Streibig,Department of Agricultural Sciences, WeedScience, The Royal Veterinary and Agricul­tural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK­1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, telephone45 35 28 34 57, fax 45 35 28 34 68, e-mailjens.c.streibig@agsci.kvl.dk.

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

June 30 - July 3International Conference on Isozymes andMolecular Markers in Plants: Basic andApplied AspectsVilla Olmo, Como, ItalyContact: Prof. Mirella Sari Gorla, Dr. CarlaFrova Department of Genetics and Microbi­ology, University of Milano Via Celoria 26,20133 Milano, Italy; telephone 39 226605201/204, fax 39 2 2664551, e-mailsari@imiucca.csLunimi.it.

JULY

July 7-1212th International Symposium onPlant LipidsToronto, CanadaContact: John P. Williams, Department ofBotany, University of Toronto, 25 WillcocksSt., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2;telephone 416-978- 3540, fax 416-978-5878, e­mail lipids96@botany.utoronto.ca.

July 7 - August 3Summer Course:Mechanisms of Microbial AdaptationOhio State University, ColumbusSponsored by NSF and DOEContact: Dr. Charles J. Daniels, Departmentof Microbiology, The Ohio State University,484 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210;telephone 614-292-2301, fax 614-292-8120, e­mail daniels.7@osu.edu. ApplicationDeadline: March 1,01996

July 12 - 14Emerging Model Legume Systems: Toolsand Recent AdvancesKnoxville, TennesseeTo indicate interest and receive registrationinformation, please contact D. Cook(drc1653@acs.tamu.edu, or Department ofPlant Pathology and Microbiology, TexasA&M University, College Station, TX 77843­2132) or K. VandenBosch(kate@bio.tamu.edu, or Department ofBiology, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, TX 77843-3258).

July 12 - 25Gordon ConferencePlant Biological Regulatory MechanismsNew Hampton School, New Hampton,New HampshireContact: Dr. Athanasios Theologis, PlantGene Expression Center, 800 BuchananStreet, Albany, CA 94710; telephone 510-559­5911, fax 510-559-5678, e-mailtheo@mendel.berkeley.edu.

July 14·174th IUBMB ConferenceThe Life and Death of the CellEdinburgh, Scotland

Contact: The Meetings Office, The Biochemi­cal Society, 59 Portland Place, London WIN3AJ, United Kingdom; telephone 44-171-580­5530, fax 44-171-637-7626, e-mailmeetings@biochemsoc.org.uk.

July 14-185th Symposium of the International Societyof Root Research:Root Demographics and Their Efficienciesin Sustainable Agriculture,Grasslands, and ForestryClemson, South CarolinaContact: Dr. James E. Box, Jr., USDA-ARS,P.O. Box 555, Watkinsville, GA 30677,U.s.A., or bye-mailrootconf@uga.cc.uga.edu, fax 706-769-8962,telephone 706-769-5631. Please supply yourname, complete address, and, if available,your e-mail, fax, and telephone numbers.

July 14-185th Symposium of the International Societyof Root ResearchClemson University, South CarolinaFor a copy of the final announcement andcall for papers please contact: Dr. James E.Box, Jr., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 555,Watkinsville, GA 30677, U.s.A.; e-mailrootconf@uga.cc.uga.edu, telephone 706-769­5631, fax 706-769-8962.

July 14-198th International Symposium on MolecularPlant-Microbe Interactions and7th Annual Gatlinburg SymposiumUniversity of Tennessee, KnoxvilleContact: Dr. Gary Stacey, Director, Centerfor Legume Research M409 Walters LifeScience Bldg. The University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN 37996-0845 USA; fax 615-974­4007; e-mail: gstacey@utkvx.utk.edu.

July 21-24Third International Fructan SymposiumLogan, UtahContact: N. Jerry Chatterton, USDA/ARS,Forage and Range Research, Utah StateUniversity, Logan, Utah 84322-6300, USA;telephone 801-797-2249, fax 801-797-3075, e­mail njchatt@cc.usu.edu.

July 21-25Society for Experimental Biology Sympo­siumControl of Plant Development: Genes andSignalsUniversity College, Dublin, IrelandTo receive the Second Announcement andCall for Abstracts, write to: The Society forExperimental Biology, Burlington House,London WIV OLQ, U.K.

25

July 27-31Plant Biology '96 Annual MeetingAmerican Society of Plant PhysiologistsSan Antonio, TexasContact: Sharon Kelly; e-mailskelly@aspp.org .

AUGUST

August 4-9Posthalvest 96:Fourth Yearly International Conference onPostharvest ScienceTaupo, New ZealandFor more information and registrationmaterials contact: Dr. Ian Ferguson,HortResearch, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland,NZ; telephone 00 64 9 849 3660, fax 00 64 9815 4202, e-mail iferguson@hort.crLnz.

August 5-85th International Plant Cold HardinessSeminarOregon State University, CorvallisContact: Tony Chen, Department ofHorticulture, Oregon State University,Corvallis, Oregon 97331; telephone 503-737­5444, fax 503-737-3479, e-mailchent@bcc.orst.edu; or contact Paul Li,Department of Horticultural Science,University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108; telephone 612-624-1757, fax 612-624­4941, e-mail lixxx008@maroon.tc.umn.edu.

August 11-16Gordon Research ConferenceCellular Basis of Adaptation to Salt andWater Stress in PlantsTilton School, Tilton, New HampshireContact: Andrew D. Hanson, HorticulturalSciences Department, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690; tele­phone 352 392-1928, ext 334; fax352 392-6479; e-mail adha@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu.

August 18-23Gordon Research ConferenceC02 Fixation and Metabolism in GreenPlantsTilton School, Tilton, New HampshireContact: Steven C. Huber, USDA/ARS PlantScience Research, North Carolina StateUniversity, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695­7631 USA; fax 919-856-4598; e-mailshuber@cropservl.cropsci.ncsu.edu.

SEPTEMBER

September 22-28, 1996NATO Advanced Research WorkshopRegulation of Enzymatic Systems Detoxify­ing Xenobiotics in PlantsKallithea, Chalkidiki, GreeceContact the workshop director: Prof. Kri'o

26

K. Hatzios, Department of Plant Pathology,Physiology and Weed Science, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University,Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330; telephone 540­231-5808, fax 540-231-5755, e-mailhatzios@vt.edu.

September 27-29, 1996Robertson Symposium:C4 Photosynthesis 30 years OnAustralian National University, CanberraFor preliminary circular, contact: BobFurbank, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry,GPO Box 1600 Canberra, ACT 2601Australia, e-mail furbank@pican.pLcsiro.au;Susanne von Caemmerer, RSBS, ANU, GPOBox 475, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia, e­mail susanne@rsbs-central.anu.edu.au.

ASPP Newsletter

PLANT 10 G '961996 Annual Meeting of the

American Society of Plant PhysiologistsGoined by the Plant Physiology Section of the

Mexican Biochemical Society)

Saturday, July 27 - Wednesday, July 31San Antonio, Texas

SYMPOSIA

News from the frontiers 'of the Plant CytoskeletonOrganizers: Susan Wick, University of Minnesota, andFederico Sanchez, Instituto de Biotechnologia UNAM

Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Physiology of Plant P-450sOrganizer: Mary Schuler, University of Illinois

President's SymposiumCurrent Topics in Chloroplast Biology

Organizer: Bob Buchanan, University of California-Berkeley

Journal Editors' SymposiumPlant Microbe Interactions

Organizer: Brian Larkins, University of Arizona

Gibbs Medal SymposiumPlant Developmental Genetics

Organizer: Elliot Meyerowitz, California Institute of Technology

Phyfochemicals and HealthEdited by

David L. GustineHector E. Flores

ProceedingsTenth Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology

May 18-20, 1995

Current Topics in Plant Physiology: An American Society of Plant Physiologists Series, Volume 15

The World of Phytochemicals, E. E. Conn

Metabolism and Regulation of Phenolics: Gaps in ourKnowledge, H. A. Stafford

Biochemical Diversity and Diverse Phytochemicals,H. G. Cutler

Photo-Mediated Activiti~s of Antibacterial and AntiviralCompounds from Plants, R. S. L Taylor, J. B. Hudson,G. M. N. Towers

Enhancement of Plant Disease Resistance throughExpression of Foreign Phytoalexins, D. L. Gustine

Plant Defense Compounds and Human Health, J. KllC

Dietary Inhibitors of Cancer: Phenethyl Isothiocyanate as anExample, G. D. Stoner

The Role of Crucifers in Cancer Chemoprotection, J. w.Fahey, P. Talalay

Regulation of Tobacco Alkaloid Biosynthesis, T. Hashimoto,Y. Yamada

Alkaloid Toxicants and Teratogens of Plant Origin,K. E. Panter, L. F. James

Metabolism and Toxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids,P. R. Cheeke, J. Huan

Zoopharmacognosy: A "Biorational" Strategy forPhytochemical Prospecting, J. P. Berry, M. A. McFerren,E. Rodriguez

Physiological Role(s) of Lectins in Plants and the Effects ofTheir Inclusion in the Diet on the Gut and Metabolism ofMammals, A. Pusztai, S. Bardocz

Evaluation of Food for Potential Toxicants, H. N. Nigg,R. C. Beier

Amatoxin Mushroom Poisoning: Still Searching forAntidotes, K. R. Burkhart, M.D.

Taxol Biosynthesis~ Cyclization and Early HydroxylationSteps of the Pathway, R. Croteau, J. Hefner, M. Hezari,N. G. Lewis

Biochemistry and Regulation of Trichothecene ToxinBiosynthesis in Fusarium, A. E. Desjardins, T. M. Hohn, S. P.McCormick, R. H. Proctor

New Pharmaceuticals and Non-nutritive Sweeteners fromPlants, A. D. Kinghorn, E. J. Kennelly, L. Luyengi

Insane Roots and Forked Radishes: UndergroundMetabolism, Biotechnology, and Biodiversity, H. E. Flores

Extinction and the Loss of Phytochemical Diversity andPharmacological Potential, R. J. Huxtable

Plus 28 mini-papers

Aliphatic Nitrocompounds in Plants and Their BiologicalActivity, W. Majak

Historical Role of Herbs in Contraception, J. M. Riddle

Cyanogenic Glycosides: Physiology and Regulation ofSynthesis, J. M. McMahon, R. T. Sayre

Book No. 30038 Copy No. 01price copies Amount

Member $15Nonmember $25Expedited Mail (add $15) TOTAL

! ! ! MAIL THIS FORM TO ! ! !American Society of Plant PhysiologistsPO Box 64209Baltimore, MD ~1264-4209 USA

Phytochemicals and Health

o Ienclose a check for U.s. currency, drawn on a u.s. bank, and made out to ASPP.

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This form may be used only by members of the American Society of Plant Physiologists.Please print or type your placement information on this form (curriculum vitae will not be accepted) and send it to:

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29

ceeaJanuary/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

L Registering with the ASPP Placement Service and Obtaining Placement FilesASPP headquarters in Rockville, MD, operates a placement service in which are kept active two files of resumes ofindividuals who are seeking employment. Employers are urged to survey the resume files for those seeking perma­nent positions and those seeking postdoctoral or similar positions. The files cost $25 each and may be ordered fromMs. Estella Coley, ASPP Placement Service, 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855-2768. Those seeking employ­ment should complete the Placement Service Form on the facing page to be included in the service.II. Placing a Position Ad in the ASPP Newsletter.. POSTDOCTORAL, GRADUATE ASSISTANTSHIP, AND TECHNICIAN POSITIONS (academic and government

installations): Limited to 100 words. Ads run two times: the first time entire; the second time, only location, contactname and address, and reference to original posting.

• TENURE-TRACK POSITIONS (academic and government installations): Limited to 200 words; $150 to run onetime, $250 to run two times.

" ALL PRIVATE COMPANY POSITIONS: Limited to 200 words; $150 to run one time; $250 to run two times.o GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP ANNOUNCEMENTS: Announcements of programs and fellowships or traineeships

for students seeking advanced degrees will be grouped at the end of the job placement section at no charge. Theywill run one time full length with no restrictions on length; the second time, they will include location, contact nameand address, and reference to original posting.

Submit ads bye-mail tosbraxton@aspp.org.Alternatively.mail your copy to Sylvia J. Braxton, ASPP Newsletter,15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855-2768 USA. FAXED ADS ARE NOT ACCEPTED. If you submit a chargeablead bye-mail, be certain to include complete billing information. If you mail a chargeable ad, include a purchase orderor a credit card number, expiration date, and signature.

Center Director and Full ProfessorUniversity of Florida, Lake Alfred(New)A Ph.D. in an agricultural or related sciencewith administrative -experience and demon­strated leadership in directing majorresearch or extension programs required.The CREC Director provides leadership for afaculty and staff of 253 people, including 38UF/IFAS faculty, and coordinatesmultidisciplinary research and extensionactivities on citrus statewide. The CREC islocated near Winter Haven, 45 milessouthwest of Orlando and 50 miles east ofTampa. Contact: Dr. J.W. Noling, IFAS,CREC, 700 Experiment Station Rd, LakeAlfred, FL 33850; telephone 941-956-1151,fax 941-956-4631, e-mail wn@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu.Closing date: March 15, 1996. Women andminorities are encouraged to apply. TheUniversity of Florida is an equal opportu­nity-affirmative action employer.

Plant PhysiologistCollege of CharlestonCharleston, South Carolina(New)The College of Charleston, Department ofBiology, invites applications for a tenuretrack position at the Assistant Professorlevel. Candidates must possess a Ph.D.degree, a strong commitment to teaching,and an active, ongoing research program,which has the potential for undergraduate

involvement. Teaching responsibilitiesinclude Plant Physiology, General Botanyand General Biology. The College ofCharleston is a liberal arts institution whoseprimary aim is teaching excellence. Inaddition to its undergraduate programs, thedepartment offers graduate degrees inMarine Biology and Environmental Studies.Applicants should submit curriculum vitae,a statement of teaching philosophy andresearch interests, reprints of recentpublications and three letters of reference byJanuary 20, 1996 to: Chair, Department ofBiology, Plant Physiology Search Committee,College of Charleston, Charleston, SouthCarolina 29424. The College of Charleston isan Equal Opportunity/Affirmative ActionEmployer.

Postdoctoral PositionThe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmore, Oklahoma(New)A postdoctoral position is available toinvestigate secondary metabolite engineeringin alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Studies willinclude the transformation of alfalfa withgenes encoding phytoalexin-modifyingenzymes, followed by analysis of the plantsfor altered metabolite accumulation andincreased pathogen resistance. Foreign geneswill be expressed using various promoters,including a phytoalexin-specific alfalfapromoter. Experience in molecular biology is

essential. Knowledge of binary vectorconstruction, plant transformation, and/orbiochemistry preferred. Send a cover letter,describing research experience and interests,and curriculum vitae, listing the names andaddresses of three references, to: Dr. NancyL. Paiva, Plant Biology Division, The NobleFoundation, P.O. Box 2180, Ardmore, OK73401; fax 405-221-7380.

Postdoctoral PositionLaboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire desRelations Plantes-MicroorganismesCNRS/INRA, France(New)A postdoctoral position is availableimmediately to study the hypersensitiveresponse (HR) in Arabidopsis thaliana inresponse to pathogenic bacteria. Theobjectives of this work will be to identifyArabidopsis mutants affected in the HR inresponse to Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris, using an insertional mutantlibrary. The project will include thecharacterization of such mutants and thecloning of the corresponding genes. A goodbackground in genetics and molecularbiology is required. Send curriculum vitaeand three names of referees to: DominiqueRoby, Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculairedes Relations Plantes-Microorganismes,INRA/CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-TolosanCedex, France; telephone 33-61-28-53-26, fax33-61-28-50-61, e-mail roby@toulouse.inraJr.

30

Postdoctoral PositionYale University, New Haven, Connecticut(New)A postdoctoral position is available to studypollen-pistil interactions. We are interestedin identifying and characterizing moleculesthat participate in the pollen tube growthprocess and in understanding the mecha­nisms behind their functions. For back­ground information, please refer to Proc.Nat. Acad. Sci. 92: 3077; Cell 82: 383; 395.Interested candidates should send curricu­lum vitae and names of two to threereferences to: Alice Y. Cheung, Departmentof Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 20­8104, New Haven, CT 06520-8104.

Postdoctoral PositionRice University, Houston, Texas(New)A postdoctoral position is available to carryout genetic, biochemical and molecularstudies on the Arabidopsis TCH genes (See:Cell 60, 357 [1990]; Plant Cell 6, 1553 [1994];Plant Cell, 7, 1555 [1995]; Plant Journal 8,623 [1995]). Goals are to identify the signalsand isolate the factors that control TCHgene expression and to define the physi­ological and biochemical functions of thecalmodulin and XET-related TCH geneproducts. Experience with genetics, molecu­lar biology, and plant biology desirable.Send curriculum vitae, a short description ofresearch interests and at least three letters ofrecommendation to: Dr. Janet Braam,Biochemistry and Cell Biology, RiceUniversity, Houston, TX 77005-1892; e-mailbraam@bioc.rice.edu. Affirmative action/equal opportunity employer.

Postdoctoral PositionCornell University, Ithaca, New York(New)A postdoctoral position is availableimmediately to study the regulation ofchloroplast gene expression inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our groups at theBoyce Thompson Institute (David Stern) andCornell University (Karen Kindle) are usinga variety of genetic and biochemicalstrategies to study processes that regulatechloroplast translation initiation and mRNAstability (see PNAS 90:497; EMBO J. 12:3627;Plant Cell 7:1295). Please send a statementof research interests, curriculum vitae, andthe names, addresses, and phone numbersof three references to: Dr. Karen 1. Kindle,151 Biotechnology Building, CornellUniversity, Ithaca, NY 14853. The BoyceThompson Institute and Cornell Universityare affirmative action and equal opportunityemployers; women and minorities areencouraged to apply.

Postdoctoral PositionOklahoma State University, Stillwater(Reopened)A postdoctoral position is immediately opento use molecular (RFLP) techniques toevaluate the link between water-useefficiency and stable carbon isotopediscrimination in tomato. The position isdependent on grant funding, which iscurrently available for 20 months. Personswith a Ph.D. degree and experience withplant molecular biology and RFLP technol­ogy are invited to submit applications beforeMarch 15, 1996. Applications should includecurriculum viatae, transcripts, three letters ofreference, and a brief description ofapplicant's expertise and research goals.Address applications and inquiries to Dr.Charles G. Tauer, Department of Forestry,telephone 405-744-5462, fax, 405-744-9693, e­mail ctauer@okway.okstate.edu or Dr. BjornMartin, Department of Agronomy, telephone405-744-6410, fax 405-744-5269, e-mailbcm@soilwater.agr.okstate.edu, OklahomaState University, Stillwater, OK 74078.

Postdoctoral PositionMississippi Agricultural ForestryExperimental Station,Stoneville, Mississippi(New)All duties are focused on discovery of blue­green algae-selective herbicides. About halfof the project will involve screening ofsynthetic and natural compounds forselective algacidal properties. The other halfof the project involves biorational design ofselective algacides. This part of the projectwill involve study of blue-green algae­specific physiological and biochemicalprocesses. Contact: Stephen O. Duke, USDA,ARS, P. O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776;telephone 601-686-5272, fax 601-686-5422, e­mail sduke@ag.gov.

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul(New)Postdoctoral position beginning July / August1996 to study the biochemical and develop­mental response of white lupin roots tophosphorus stress (Plant Physiol 104:657-665,1994). Project involves isolation andpurification of protein and determination ofmechanisms contributing to enzymeregulation of P-stressed plants. Strongbackground in plant physiology andlaboratory skills in molecular techniques andprotein/RNA purification desirable.Experience with light and/or electronmicroscopy helpful. Send curriculum vitae,brief statement of experience and goals, andnames and addresses of three references to:Dr. Deborah Allan, Department of Soil,

ASPP Newsletter

Water and Climate, University of Minnesota,St. Paul, MN 55108; e-maildallan@soils.umn.edu. Application reviewbegins April I, 1996. The University ofMinnesota is an equal opportunity educatorand employer.

Postdoctoral PositionLousiana State University, Baton Rouge(New)The project involves identification of atranscription factor that binds the E-boxmotif and up-regulatesthe bean seed storageprotein B-phaseolin gene promoter. Appli­cant must have a Ph.D. in plant molecularbiology, biochemistry, or genetics andresearch experience in screening of a cDNAexpression library. Please refer to PlantJournal 2, 537-548 (1992), 2, 927-936 (1992),and 5, 885-890 (1994); and TransgenicResearch 2, 21-28 (1993). Send resumes,publication list, transcripts, names andaddresses of three references to: Dr.Norimoto Murai, Department of PlantPathology and Crop Physiology, LouisianaState University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;telephone 504-388-1380, fax 504 388- 1415.

StudentshipsUniversity of Waikato,Hamilton, New Zealand(New)The University of Waikato is seekingqualified applicants for Ph.D. students inmolecular biology. Two full-timestudentships are now available for thepreparation of libraries and cloning of genesfrom Pinus radiata. Candidates must have aB.Sc.(Hons) or M.5c. in molecular biologyand should have appropriate laboratoryexperience. Interested applicants are invitedto send curriculum vitaes with the namesand contact information of two academicreferees. The studentships will be throughthe University of Waikato, funded by aforestry industry cooperative, and studentswill have both industry and Universityfacilities available for the research work.Residence can be in either the Bay of Plentyor Hamilton. The closing date for thisposition is March 29, 1996. Mail curriculumvitaes and references or direct inquires toDr. M. Connett, Dept. of Biological Sciences,University of Waikato, Private Bag,Hamilton, New Zealand; telephone 7 8562889 ext. 8898, e-mailmconnett@waikato.ac.nz.

Postdoctoral PositionINRA, Versailles, France(New)An EEC-funded two-year post-doctoralposition is available for an EEC (non-

January/February 1996, Vol. 23, No.1

French) citizen to work in INRA,Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Versailles,France. The salary is 16,000 FF afterdeduction of social security and other taxes.As part of the analysis of plant development

. in Arabidopsis and as part of the identifica­tion of new plant plasma membraneproteins, the applicant will be in charge ofthe characterization of proteins that makeup the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cellwall continuum. The applicant should haveexperience in plant membrane purificationand two-dimensional protein electrophoresis.Contact: Dr Veronique Santoni, telephone33 1 30 83 30 95, fax 33 1 30 83 30 99, e­mail santoni@versailles.inra.fr.

Junior SpecialistUniversity of California, Berkeley(New)The Department of Plant BIology invitesapplications for a junior specialist positionstarting immediately. Bachelor's degree inbiological science field and experience incereal tissue culture is required. Cerealtransformation experience is desired. Theclosing date for this position is March 12,1996. Applicants should submit a resumeand summary of research experience, andarrange three letters of reference to be sentto: Dr. Peggy G. Lemaux, Department ofPlant Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Universityof California, Berkeley, California 94720. TheUniversity of California is an affirmativeaction/equal employment employer.Minorities and women encouraged to apply.

Postdoctoral PositionsUniversity Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario(Repeat)Contact: Barry Shelp, Department ofHorticultural Science, University of Guelph,Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2Wl;telephone 519-824-4120 ext. 3089, e-mailbshelp@evbhort.uoguelph.ca. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of Toronto, Canada(Repeat)Contact: Dr. M.e. Heath, Botany Depart­ment, University of Toronto, 25 WillcocksSt., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada;telephone 416-978-6304, fax 416-978-5878, e­mail heath@botany.utoronto.ca. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Gayle Lamppa, Department ofMolecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E.

58th Street, University of Chicago, Chicago,IL 60637; telephone 312-702-9837, fax 312­702-3172, e-mailgklamppa@midway.uchicago.edu. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral PositionsNoble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Madan K. Bhattacharyya, StaffScientist, Plant Biology Division, NobleFoundation, P. O. Box 2180, Ardmore,Oklahoma 73402; telephone 405-223-5810,fax 405-221-7380. The Noble Foundation isan equal opportunity employer. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.

Postdoctoral PositionWashington State University, Pullman(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Thomas W. Okita, Institute ofBiological Chemistry, Washington StateUniversity, Pullman, Washington 99164­6340; telephone 509-335-3391, fax 509-335­7643, e-mail tokita®Wsu.edu. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta, Canada(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Gregory Taylor, Department ofBiological Sciences, University of Alberta,Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; e­mail gjtaylor@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of Nevada, Reno(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Katherine Osteryoung,Department of Biology /314, University ofNevada, Reno, NV 89557; telephone 520­621-3977 or 702-784-6188, e-mailosteryok@gas.uug.arizona.edu. Applicationreview will begin January 5, 1996, andcontinue until position is filled. AA/EEO.(Details November/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of Nevada, Reno(Repeat)Contact: Dawn Arnold, Biochemistry/330,University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557.Questions contact: Dr. DellaPenna, 602·621­8725, fax 602-621-7186, e-mailddpenna@ag.arizona.edu until April 1996.Application review begins February 1, 1996.AA/EOE. (Details November/December1995.)

31

Postdoctoral PositionUniversity of Nevada, Reno(Repeat)Contact: Dr. DellaPenna, 602-621-8725, fax602-621-7186, e-mailddpenna@ag.arizona.edu until April 1996.Application review begins February 1, 1996.AA/EOE. (Details November/December1995.)

Postdoctoral FellowshipsNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh(Repeat)Contact: Eric Davies, Director NCSU­NSCORT, Botany Department, Box 7612,North Carolina State University, Raleigh,NC 27695·7612. Internet: nscort®ncsu.edu.NCSU is an equal opportunity employer.(Details November/December 1995.)

Research SpecialistsWestvaco CorporationSummerville, South Carolina(Repeat)Contact: Cindy McCord at 803-851-4733, fax803-875-7185, e-mail cmccord@awod.com.Westvaco is an equal opportunity employerm/f. (Details November/December 1995.)

FELLOWSHIPS, TRAINEESHIPS,GRADUATE ASSISTANTSHIPS, ANDETC.

Ph.D Fellowship inPlant Carbohydrate BiotechnologyNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh(New) .

This is a three-year USDA/National NeedsFellowship with a stipend of $17,000 peryear. A fourth year will be funded by theUniversity if required. The student willparticipate in an interdisciplinary researchprogram on the regulation and geneticmanipulation of carbohydrate metabolismand transport in plants. Applicants must beU.s. citizens and hold a master's degree in arelevant discipline. For further informationcontact: Dr. Dennis J. Werner, GraduateProgram Director, Department of Horticul­tural Science, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695­7609; telephone 919-515-1226; e-maildennis_werner@ncsu.edu.

Doctoral Fellowships inPlant BiotechnologyUniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul(Repeat)Contact: Plant Biological Sciences ProgramSecretary, University of Minnesota, Depart­ment of Plant Biology, 220 Bioscience

2 ASPP Newsletter3 .. _

Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN55108-1095; telephone 612-625-4222, e-mailkroghOO1@maroon.tc.umn.edu.

USDA National NeedsGraduate Fellowshipsin Plant BiotechnologyTexas A&M University, College Station(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Andrew H. Paterson, PlantBiotechnology National Needs FellowshipProgram, Department of Soil and CropSciences, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, TX 77843-2474; telephone 409-845­3773, e-mail ahp2343@bioch.tamu.edu.(Details November/December 1995.)

USDA National Needs Graduate ResearchFellowships in Plant BiotechnologyIowa State University, Ames(Repeat)Contact: National Needs Fellowships, lPPMGraduate Admissions, 353 Bessey Hall, IowaState University, Ames, IA 50011; telephone515-294-0132, fax 515-294-1337, e-mailippm@iastate.edu. (Details November/December 1995.)

Postdoctoral Fellowships inAdvanced Root BiologyThe Pennsylvania State University,University Park(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Hector E. Flores, 315 WartikLaboratory, The Pennsylvania State Univer­sity, University Park, PA 16802; telephone814-865-2955, fax 814-863-7217, e-mailhector_flores@agcs.psu.edu. Women andminorities are especially encouraged toapply. Deadline for applications: open;anticipated start date July 1, 1996 (availableto U.S. citizens or residents only). (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Graduate Research FellowshipsCalcium Signaling andGraviperception in PlantsNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh(Repeat)Contact: Eric Davies, Director NCSU­NSCORT, Botany Department, Box 7612,North Carolina State University, Raleigh,NC 27695-7612. Internet: nscort@ncsu.edu.NCSU is an equal opportunity employer.(Details November/December 1995.)

Undergraduate Summer ResearchTraineeships in Root BiologyThe Pennsylvania State University,University Park(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Hector E. Flores, 315 WartikLaboratory, The Pennsylvania State Univer­sity, University Park, PA 16802; telephone814-865-2955, fax 814-863-7217. Women andminorities are especially encouraged toapply. Deadline for summer researchtraineeship application: February 28, 1996(available to U.S. citizens and residentsonly). (Details November/December 1995.)

Graduate Fellowships inPlant BiotechnologyIndiana University, Bloomington(Repeat)Contact: Ms. Gretchen Clearwater, Adminis­trative Assistant, National Needs Fellow­ships Program, Department.of Biology,Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405;telephone 812-855-1861; fax 812-855c6705; e­mail gclearwa@indiaI1a.edu. Although NNFfellows must be U.s. citizens or nationals,the Department of Biology also awardsresearch assistantships on a competitivebasis regardless of nationality. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

NSF Graduate Research Traineeshipsin Plant BiologyUniversity of California, Riverside(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Elizabeth A. Bray, Departmentof Botany and Plant Sciences, University ofCalifornia, Riverside, CA 92521; telephone909-787-4548, fax 909-787-4437, e-mailbray@ucrac1.ucr.edu.

Multidisciplinary Graduate Training andResearch Opportunities inMolecular Crop ImprovementCornell University, Ithaca, New York(Repeat)Contact: Dr. Elizabeth D. Earle, Chairperson,or Dr. John C. Steffens at the Department ofPlant Breeding, 252 Emerson Hall, CornellUniversity, Ithaca, NY 14850-1902; telephone607-255-2180; fax 607-255-6683, e-mailclm15@cornell.edu. Applications should bereceived by January 10, 1995. NationalNeeds Fellows must be U.s. citizens ornationals. (Details November/December1995.)

Graduate Research AssistantTexas A&M University, College Station(Repeat)Contact: C. Wayne Smith or Rod A. Wing,Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, TexasA&M University, College Station, TX 77843­2474. (Details November/December 1995.)

Graduate Research AssistantshipsUniversity of Florida, Gainesville(Repeat»Contact: Dr. Robert R. Schmidt, GraduateCoordinator, PMCB Program, Microbiologyand Cell Science Department, P.O. Box110700, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611-0700; telephone and fax 904-392-0236,e-mail pmcb@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu. (DetailsNovember/December 1995.)

Carbon Partitioning and Source-Sink Interactions in Plants

Edited byMonica A. Madore

William J. Lucas

Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Riverside Symposium in Plant PhysiologyJanuary 19-21, 1995

Current Topics in Plant Physiology: An American Society of Plant Physiologists Series, Volume 13

The Revolution in Carbon Partitioning and Source-Sink Interactionsin Plants From the Perspective of CAM, J. A. M. Holtum, C. B. Osmond

Light Modulation of Stromal Enzymes, R. Scheibe

Carbon Transport Across the Chloroplast Envelope, U.-I. Fliigge,A. Weber, K. Fischer

Relationships between Viral Infection and CarbohydrateAccumulation and Metabolism, L. I. Tecsi, A. M. Smith,A. J. Maule, R. C. Leegood

Sugar-Modulated Expression of Genes for SucroseMetabolism and Their Relationship to TransportPathways, K. E. Koch, K. D. Nolte

Light Regulation of Sucrose Synthesis: Role of ProteinPhosphorylation and Possible Involvement of Cytosolic [Ca2+), S.C. Huber, R. W. McMichael, Jr., J. L. Huber, M. Bachmann,¥. T. Yamamoto, M. A. Conkling

End-Product Modulation of Carbon Partitioning with a View toImproved Biomass Production, C. Foyer, M. Chaumont, E. Murchie,N. Galtier, S. Ferrario

Stomata and Sucrose: A Full Circle, W. H. Outlaw Jr.

Do Carbohydrates Regulate Photosynthesis andAllocation by Altering Gene Expression?, M. Stitt,A. Krapp, D. Klein, U. Roper-Schwarz, M. Paul

Metabolic.Regulation of Source-Sink Relations in CerealSeedlings, B. R. Thon'tas, M. Terashima, S. Katoh, T. Stoltz,R. L. Rodriguez

Studies on the Starch Biosynthetic Enzymes forManipulation of Starch Content and Quality, J. Preiss,M. A. Ballicora, M. J. Laughlin, Y. Fu, T. W. Okita,G. F. Barry, H. Guan, M. N. Sivak

Nitrogen Uptake and Its Regulation in Plants,F.-R. Lauter, O. Ninnemann, W. B. Frommer

Movement Protein Expression and CarbohydratePartitioning, S. Wolf, A. A. Olesinski, S. Balachandran,W. J. Lucas

Assimilate Delivery Pathways in the Developing Wheat Grain andTheir Implications for Control of Carbon Transport, H. L. Wang,J. W. Patrick, C. E. Ofner

Sugar Alcohol Metabolism in Source Leaves, W. H. Loescher,J. D. Everard, C. Cantini, R. Grumet

Mannitol Catabolism in Plant Sink, D. M. Pharr, J. M. H. Stoop,M. E. Studer Feusi, J. D. Williamson, M. O. Massel, M. A. Conkling

The Selection of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides as Translocates inHigher Plants, R. Turgeon

Catabolism of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides by Vegetative SinkTissues, M. A. Madore

Raffinose Oligosaccharide Storage, M. Bachmann, C. Inan, F. Keller

Regulation of Carbon Metabolism in Roots, H. Lambers, O. Atkin

Genetic Aspects of Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes in DevelopingMaize Seed, P. S. Chourey, W.-H. Cheng, E. W. Taliercio, K. H. 1m

Plant Responses to Sugar Accumulation in Transgenic TobaccoPlants, U. Sonnewald, 1. Wilke, K. Herbers

The Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Plants,D. T. Dennis, S. D. Blakeley

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