3CHAPTERBASIC APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Announcement: QUIZ#02In Lecture Session # 9 (5th Week- 1st Lecture)Contents:Lecture slides (Lec#5 Lec#8)Text book (Computing Essentials 2004)Chapter 2 (spreadsheet details)

Note:Students are advised to bring PENCILS essentially

Lecture ObjectivesExplaining Spreadsheet FunctionsUse of Function WizardUse of Cell/ Range Naming in Spreadsheet FunctionsFunction Examples in Microsoft ExcelFinancial FunctionsLogical FunctionsMath/ Statistical FunctionLookup & Reference FunctionsData/ Time Functions

Spreadsheet Functions

Spreadsheet FunctionsA function is a calculation shortcut to some (possibly, complex) formula.

Every function is based upon some predefined formula, working behind the scene.

Functions allow the users to avoid the mathematical details of complex calculations.

For Example:Function =SUM(A1,A2,A3) is based upon the sum formula =A1+A2+A3.

Spreadsheet Functions ComponentsFunction SyntaxFunction name (spelling), Right order of different function parts (argument sequence.)Proper use of comma, parentheses and other punctuations.

Function Arguments (parameters)The values/ cell references, the function needs to work upon for result calculation.Number of arguments could be fixed or unlimited depending upon the nature of the function used.

Function ResultEvery function results only in one value.

Spreadsheet Functions Components

General Function Syntax Function Name( argument1, argument2, )

Function ExamplesFunction with variable number of argumentsSUM(A1, A2, A3) - adding 3 valuesSUM(A1, A2, A3,A4,A5) adding 5 values

Function with fixed number of argumentsSQRT(A1) finding the square root for A1ROUND(A1,2) return the decimal value in A1 with 2 digits after decimal point.

Use of Functions in Spreadsheet Programs

Microsoft ExcelSimilar in use as a formula (must start with =).Can be extended to a formula by using operators & other operands.=SUM(A1,A2,A3)/3.0 -calculating average of 3 values.=AVERAGE(A1:A3) calculating average of A1, A2 & A3.

Lotus 1-2-3Must start with @.@SUBTOTAL(C3..C5) -calculating total of C3, C4 & C5.

Use of Cell Ranges in Function Arguments

Cell ranges is a shortcut for specifying multiple contiguous cells by one concise expression.

General Syntax:[Beginning Cell] [Separator] [Ending Cell] WhereBeginning Cell reference can not have a higher value of row or column when compared with the Ending Cell.Separator character may be different in different spreadsheet packages.Microsoft Excel Separator = :Lotus 1-2-3 Separator = ..

.Use of Cell RangesExamples (Valid & Invalid Cell Range Expressions in Microsoft Excel)C1:C5 Valid, all cells in the column C between row 1 & 5 (5 cells).

C5: C1 Invalid, first cell (C5) is greater than the last one (C1) in rows.

A1: C5 Valid, include all cells in the square region A1 till C5.

.Use of Cell Ranges

Examples (Microsoft Excel)Sheet1:Sheet3!A1 Valid, includes cell A1 from Sheet1, Sheet2 & Sheet3.

Sheet1!A1 : Sheet3!A1Invalid syntax.

Sheet1:Sheet3!A1:A3 Valid, includes cells A1:A3 from all 3 sheets (9 cells)

Using 3D Sheet Reference in Microsoft Excel[Beginning Sheet] : [Ending Sheet] ! [Cell Range]

Using Function in Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel provides an easy to use interface for using functions.

Paste Function WindowCategorizes the big function list into smaller sub-lists.

Alphabetically ordered.

Provides help while selecting arguments.

Naming Cells & Cell RangesWhile writing formulas, meaningful cell names are more desirable than their coded references.=unit_price * no_of_units - easier to understand=A3 * B5 difficult to interpret.

How to define names? (Microsoft Excel)Position the cursor on the cell OR select the cell range.Go to name box.Write the meaningful name to be used.

Names could be given to Single cells Contiguous cellsNon- contiguous cells

..Naming Cells & Cell RangesExamples of Cell Naming in Microsoft ExcelSingle Cell

Contiguous RangeC4:C7, Name= Quiz1Scores

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel provides a long list of functions in different application areas like finance, statistics, trigonometry etc.

Math & Trigonometry Functions implementing useful mathematical & Trigonometry formulas.RAND( ) Returns a random value between 0 and 1.ROUND( X, Y) Returns the value X with Y digits after decimal point.SIN( X ) Returns the Sin for X.

Examples:

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelStatistical - Functions used to give summary information about a collection of values.COUNT( X:Y ) Returns the count of numerical values in the X:Y.AVERAGE( X:Y) Returns the mean value in the list X:Y.STDEV( X:Y) Returns the standard deviation of the list X:Y

Examples:

Skip the non-numeric values in the list.

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelFinancial Functions for financial calculations.PMT(rate, nper, pv, fv, type) Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate. FV(rate, nper, pmt, pv, type)Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payment and a constant interest rate.

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelLogical Functions - IF( logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)Checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE.

AND( logical1, logical2, .)Checks whether all arguments are TRUE, and returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.

OR( logical1, logical2, .)Checks whether any of the arguments are TRUE, and returns TRUE or FALSE. Returns FALSE only if all arguments are FALSE.

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelLogical Function Examples:IF Function

AND Function

=IF(Age>60, Retired, Back to work)=IF( AND(Math>75, English>75) Distinction, Average)

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelLogical Function Examples:Nested IF Functions for more than two alternatives.

=IF(Age>60, Retired, IF (Age>50, Close, Still Young) )

Use of IF with other functionsCOUNTIFCount only those cells which fulfill some criterion

SUMIFSum only those cells which fulfill some criterion

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelLookup & Reference Functions:Functions in this category implements the process of selecting a value from a list of values on the basis of some condition A large number of conditions may need to be checked (may require a very complex nested IF )

Example:A list of grade letters are available to be assigned in a courseThe selection of a grade letter will be based upon a test on the final score value.The score may need to be tested for a number of different score values corresponding to different grade letters.The functions useful in the scenario will be LOOKUP, VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelText Functions - Used to manipulate text values.CONCATENATE( text1, text2,) Returns a combination of all text values.LEFT(text1, n) Returns first n characters starting from left most character.

Examples:

Function Examples in Microsoft ExcelDate & Time Functions - Used to manipulate date and time values.TODAY( ) Returns a serial number which represents todays date.YEAR( serial_number ) Returns the year corresponding to the serial number (date value)Examples:

Announcement: QUIZ#02In Lecture Session # 9 (5th Week- 1st Lecture)Contents:Lecture slides (Lec#5 Lec#8)Text book (Computing Essentials 2004)Chapter 2 (spreadsheet details)

Note:Students are advised to bring PENCILS essentially

The purpose of this book is to help the student become computer literateCompetent in computerrelated skillsThe goal is to be valuable immediately to a potential employerChapter one gives an overview of an information systemThis system consists of the following:PeopleProceduresSoftwareHardwareData

Objectives1.Understand the basic working of a computer.2. Know about the main components of a computer.3. Understand the concept of computer connectivity and its advantages.4. Explain the parts of an information system5. Distinguish four kinds of computers6. Understand the significance of the Internet and the World Wide Web.Objectives1.Understand the basic working of a computer.2. Know about the main components of a computer.3. Understand the concept of computer connectivity and its advantages.4. Explain the parts of an information system5. Distinguish four kinds of computers6. Understand the significance of the Internet and the World Wide Web.