jktlfkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj (2003) - arseam · 2018-02-26 · “upbhokta brand pasand vyavhar :...

International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management, Volume 3, special Issue Oct-2015,

pp 01- 228 ISSN: 2348 –3954 (Online) ISSN: 2349 –2546 (Print), Impact factor: 0.98

Contact Us : [email protected] ; submit paper : [email protected] download full paper : www.arseam.com 1

^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj % ugkus ds lkcqu

(t;iqj ds mIkHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)**

“UPBHOKTA BRAND PASAND VYAVHAR : NAHANE KE SABUN

(JAIPUR KE UPBHOKTAO KA ADHYAYAN)”

jktLFkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj, dh ih,p.Mh. mikf/k (o"kZ-2003) ds fy, Lohdr 'kks/k-izcU/k-



MkW -vk“kk jkuh MkW- eukst dqekj “kekZ

'kks/k-funsZ”kd 'kks/kkFkhZ

O;kolkf;d iz”kklu foHkkx O;kolkf;d iz”kklu foHkkx

jktLFkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj jktLFkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj

O;kolkf;d iz'kklu foHkkx

jktLFkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj

(2003)

Dr. Manoj Sharma / Ph.D. research thesis commerce (2003)


izek.k&Ik=


jktLFkku fo'ofo/kky;] t;iqj

izekf.kr fd;k tkrk gS fd jktLFkku fo'ofo/kky;] t;iqj

ds Nk= Jh eukst dqekj 'kekZ us ^^miHkksDrk czk.M ilUn O;ogkj

% ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)** fo"k;

ij y|q 'kks/k izLrqr fd;k gS vkSj ;g buds ekSfyd iz;klksa dk

ifj.kke gSA

MkW- vk'kk jkuh

'kks/k- funsZ”kd ,lksf'k,V izksQslj



t;iqj fnukad %2003




DECLARATION

Business Administration Department

University Of Rajasthan

Jaipur

I declare that the work done in this thesis

entitled - UPBHOKTA BRAND PASAND VYAVHAR :

NAHANE KE SABUN (JAIPUR KE UPBHOKTAO KA

ADHYAYAN)” by me is an original work and has not

been previously submitted for any other degree in this

or any other University I Institution.

Dr.Asha Rani Manoj Kumar Sharma (Supervisor) (Research Scholar)

Business Administration Deptt. Business Administration Deptt.

University of Rajasthan University of Rajasthan

Jaipur Jaipur

Enroll.No. :2000/43069 REG. No. 603/2001 AWARD) t;iqj fnukad %2003



;g iqLrd esjs ije~ iwT; xq:oj]

MkW- vk”kk jkuh xqIrk&MkW- dkes”oj th

,oa esjs ekrk&firk

Jherh lhrk “kekZ&Jh vkse çdk”k th

ds dj deyksa esa lefiZr gSaA

esjs ekxZn”kZd Hkzkrk Jh fnyhi “kekZ

,oa çsj.kkL=ksr Jh çse ;kno]

jkts”k ;kno] lksuh ;kno] uhyw ;kno]

çse esVy oDlZ] fHkokM+h dk fo”ks"k :i ls vkHkkj




;nk ;nk fg /keZL; XykfuHkZofr HkkjrA

vH;qRFkkue/keZL; rnkRekua ltkE;ge~ AA

ifj=k.kk; lk/kwuka fouk”kk; p nq’drke~ A

/keZlaLFkkiukFkkZ; lEHkokfe ;qxs ;qxs AA

Jhen~Hkxor~xhrk (IV. 7/8)

Whenever there is

Decline of righteousness,

And rise of unrighteousness,

I incarnate myself

To protect the virtuous

And to destroy the wicked,

From Age to Age.

Geeta (IV. 7/8)

jktLFkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj, dh ih,p.Mh. mikf/k (o"kZ-2003) ds fy, Lohdr 'kks/k-izcU/k-



“UPBHOKTA BRAND PASAND VYAVHAR : NAHANE KE SABUN

(JAIPUR KE UPBHOKTAO KA ADHYAYAN)”

Enroll.No. :2000/43069

REG. No. 603/2001

(AWARD) O;kolkf;d iz'kklu foHkkx




Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

S.P.U.[PG]COLLEGE

FALNA [PALI]

Name : Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma

Date of birth & Place : 03-oct. & Ajmer

Edu. Qualification : M.Com.(Bus. Admn.), (EAFM), (ABST), M.Phil.,

Ph.D.(Bus.Admn.), PG Diploma in HRM,

M.A.(Sociology), (Philosophy), (Pub.Admn.), B.Ed

Doing D.Lit. (Commerce) From South Affrica

Teaching College :* Sri Dungargarh College (Bikaner).

* S.S.B. PG College (Jaipur).

* Smt. S.D.M. PG Girl’s College, Bhilwara.

* B.M.K. PG College, Bhiwadi (Alwar).

* S.P.U. PG College, Falna (Pali).

Achievement :* University Gold Medalist Award by

Persident of India (Smt. Partibha Patil).

* Paper Presented in the International & National

Conference Sponsored by UGC,New Delhi.

* Article Published in the International & National

Journals & Books.

* Membership of ICA (Reg. No.-206)

* Membership of Research Journal of Management

(REG.NO:6433XVI ENG)

* Research Supervisor & Guide (Ph.D.&.M.Phil.) in Many

University

Other Published Books :* BUS. REG. FRAME WORK

*BUS. LAW

*PRINCIPLES OF MODERN MANAGEMENT

*CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

* CONSUMER RESEARCH *MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

*VYAVSHAYIK VINIYMAN KI ROOPREKHA

*MODERN BUSINESS LAW

* CONSUMER SURVEY

***********




izLrkouk

( Preface )

orZeku rhoz izfrLi}kZRed ;qx esa izR;sd O;olk;[email protected]ÙkkZ ds fy;s egRoiw.kZ ,oa

loksZifj dk;Z gksrk gS xzkgdksa ds ckjs esa iw.kZ tkudkjh izkIr djuk D;ksafd leLr O;kolkf;d fØ;kvksa

dk dsUnz fcUnq xzkgd gksrk gSA foi.ku vuqla/kkudÙkkZ@ 'kks/kkFkhZ ds fy;s miHkksDrkvksa ds O;ogkj dk

v/;;u foi.ku dh nf"V ls ,oa lkekftd nf"V ls vR;Ur gh egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA czkaM dh ilUn

miHkksDrkvksa ds O;ogkj dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gS ftlls ge ;g irk yxk ldrs gS fd cktkj esa

miyC/k czk.Mksa esa ls loksZifj dkSu lh gS ,oa D;ksa gS? orZeku le; esa fuekZrkvksa@mRikndksa ds }kjk

fuR; ubZ fofHkUu oLrq,a vusd czk.Mksa ds ek/;e ls miHkksDrk rd igaqpkbZ tk jgh gS] lkcqu Hkh mUgha

esa ls ,d gS] ftlds lanHkZ esa vusd dEifu;ksa us Lo;a dks LFkkfir dj fy;k vkSj dqN izos'k dj

jgh gSA

gj [kklksvke dh fnyh reUuk gksrh gSS fd mldh ilUn yktokc gks vkSj lkcqu ds ekeys esa

rks ;g ckr dqN T;knk gh ek;us j[krh gSA ilUn dks lcls T;knk izHkkfor djrh gS czkaM uke]

'kk;n ;gh otg gS fd yDl] fujek] MsVkWy] ih;lZ] jsDlksuk vkfn ukeh czkaM flj p<+dj cksy jgs

gSA ,slk gksuk ykteh gS] D;ksa fd gekjs ;gk¡ czkaMsM oLrqvksa dh viuh vyx igpku gSA lkekU;r%

czkaMsM lkcqu miHkksDrkvksa dh igyh ilUn cuus dk dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd czkaMsM oLrq,¡ thou Lrj rks

c<krh gh gS lkFk esa xq.koÙkk dh nf"V ls Hkh csgrj gksrh gS] bl ij ;fn lkslk;Vh esa czkaM uke dh

laLdfr gS] rks fQj bldk mi;ksx djuk etcwjh cu tkrh gSA Hkys gh lkcqu dh dher dqN T;knk

gks ysfdu xq.koÙkk mÙke gks rks dher ls Hkh le>kSrk fd;k tk ldrk gSA igys yksx ekurs Fks fd

ftrus iSlksa esa ,d czkaM uke lkcqu [kjhnh tkrh gS mrus esa rks pkj LFkkuh; lkcqu vk tk,xh]

ysfdu /kkj.kk cny jgh gSA okLro essa miHkksDrkvksa dk Ø; fu.kZ; ges'kk dbZ rRoksa ls izHkkfor

gksrh gS tks fd vU; czkaM dh vis{kk ,d fo'ks"k czkaM dh oLrq Ø; djus ds fy, izsfjr djrk gSA

vr% 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ,oa foi.kudÙkkZvksa ds fy;s ;g ,d vPNk fo"k; gS ftlesa fujUrj 'kks/k dh

vko';drk gSA bUgha lHkh igywvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj ^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj % ugkus ds

lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)** fo"k; dk p;u 'kks/k ds fy;s fd;k x;k gS] rkfd

foi.ku {ks= esa Hkfo"; ds fy, vk/kkj rS;kj dj ldsaA

^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj% ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)** fo"k;

ij vuqla/kku & dk;Z djus ds fy, lEiw.kZ v/;;u dks N% v/;k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa

ifjp;] vuqla/kku dk;Z & fof/k] mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk] izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k] ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p



rFkk fu"d"kZ dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr v/;k; t;iqj ds fofHkUu miHkksDrkvksa dks /;ku esa

j[kdj fd;k x;k gSA izR;sd iz;kl esa t;iqj ftys ds lHkh oxZ vk;q] fyax] oSokfgd fLFkfr] f'k{kk]

O;olk; rFkk vk; ls lEcaf/kr miHkksDrkvkas dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

izFke v/;k; ifjp; ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa lkcqu czkaM dh i"BHkwfe] Ø;&izfØ;k] O;olk; ,oa

miHkksDrk ojh;rk] Ø;&izsj.kk;sa] Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd] czkaM ilUn ,oa miHkksDrk

O;ogkj] Øsrk O;ogkj ds fl}kUr rFkk Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa miHkksDrk Ø; O;ogkj vkfn dk lekos'k

fd;k x;k gSA

f}rh; v/;k; vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k ls lEcaf/kr gS] ftlesa lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k dks

ekSVs&rkSj ij nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS% izFke] lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk ds fy, izkjfEHkd

vuqla/kku] ftlds vUrxZr lkekU; vUos"k.kkRed dk;Z ,oa v/;;u {ks= ls lEcaf/kr O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk

izkjfEHkd lk{kkRdkj dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA f}rh;] ifj;kstuk dk vfUre fu;kstu vkSj

dk;kZUo;u ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlds vUrxZr ifjdYiuk dk fuekZ.k] leadkas dk ladyu djus ds fy,

rkfydk dh rS;kjh vkSj iwoZ&ijh{k.k] izfrn'kZ izjpuk rFkk v/;;u dh lhek,¡ vkfn dk lekos'k fd;k

x;k gSA

rrh; v/;k; mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa fofHkUu lewg okys miHkksDrkvksa

dks 'kkfey djrs gq, mUgsa vk;q] fyax] oSokfgd & fLFkfr] f'k{kk] O;olk; rFkk vk; ds vk/kkj ij

oxhZdr fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;k; esa mu miHkksDrkvksa dh :ijs[kk izLrqr dh xbZ gS ftudk

lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k gSA

prqFkZ v/;k; izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlds vUrxZr v/;;u {ks= esa lfEefyr

t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa }kjk tks mÙkj izkIr gq, mudk fo'ys"k.k dj mUgsa izfr'kr ds vk/kkj ij O;Dr

fd;k x;k gS] tks rrh; v/;k; esa 'kkfey fd, tkus okys oxhZdr miHkkssDrkvksa ls lEcaf/kr gSA

iape v/;k; ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa bl lR;rk dks tk¡pk x;k gS fd

ftl ifjdYiuk dks vk/kkj ekudj vuqla/kku dk;Z fd;k x;k gS og lgh gS vFkok ughaA bl gsrq

lkaf[;dh; ijh{k.k fd;s x, gSA

"k"Be v/;k; v/;;u ds fu"d"kZ ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa iape v/;k; esa lkaf[;dh ijh{k.k

}kjk ftu ifjdYiukvksa dks vLohd`r fd;k x;k gS] muls lEcaf/kr fu"d"kZ dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

v/;k; ds vUr esa vuqla/kku ds fy, {ks= dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gS tks Hkfo"; ds fy, vk/kkj rS;kj

djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuokZfgr djsxkA

lEiw.kZ v/;k; ds vUr esa ifjf'k"V dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS ftlds vUrxZr lkjka'k,

vuqlwph ,oa lanfHkZdk lfEefyr gSA




vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vusd dfBukbZ;ksa dk vkuk LokHkkfod gS] ftuds vius dqN dkj.k lnSo

gksrs gS fQj Hkh iz;kl ,oa ifjdYiuk vk/kkfjr rF;ksa dh tk¡p dj mUgs izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl

rjg ls tks izfØ;k viukbZ xbZ og ml le; vkSj lk/kuksa ij fuHkZj djsxh tks ,d vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ls

nwljs vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ds fy, vyx&vyx gks ldrh gSA orZeku ifjizs{; esa ;g v/;;u u dsoy

lkcqu dEiuh ds fuekZrkvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh fl} gksxk oju~ ;g cktkj vuqla/kkdÙkkZvksa vkSj forjdksa

ds fy, Hkh ykHkizn gksxkA t¡gk rd lEHko gks ldk ;g iz;kl fd;k x;k fd v/;;u vf/kd

izHkko'kkyh ,oa lR;rk ds fudV gksA

bl ikB~;&iqLrd dks rS;kj djus eas izR;{k ,oa ijks{k :Ik ls vusd fo”ofo|ky;ksa ds f”k{kkfonksa]

izksQsllZ] dkWyst izk/;kidksa] lkekU; fo|kFkhZ] pkVZMZ ,dkm.Vs.V~l] izcU/kdksa] O;kikfj;ksa] okf.kfT;d

laLFkkuksa ds fopkjksa ,oa lq>koksa dks /;ku esa j[kk x;k gSa] ftuesa MkW- vk”kk jkuh] jktLFkku

fo”ofo|ky; t;iqj] izks- vkj-ds-p.Md] izks- ,l-,y-'kekZ] izks- ,e-ih-cUly] izks- uohu ekFkqj jktLFkku

fo”ofo|ky; t;iqj] MkW- vpZuk frokjh] jktdh; dU;k egkfo|ky; vtesj dk uke fo”ks’k :Ik ls

mYys[kuh; gSaA eSa vius ekrk&firk Jherh lhrk “kekZ& Jh vkse izdk”k th] Jh fnyhi “kekZ ¼Hkzkrk½]

ehuk “kekZ] LohVh “kekZ ¼cfgu½] rFkk izse esVy fHkokM+h ds Jh izse ;kno] jkts”k ;kno] lksuh ;kno]

uhyw ;kno ,oa ekbdzks QkbusUl fjlksZl lsUVj ¼lk/ku] ubZ fnYyh½ ds Jh Vh-,e- ,ysDts.Mj dh

fujUrj izsj.kk ,oa lg;ksx ds izfr vkHkkjh gwa] ftlds ifj.kke~Lo:Ik eq>s iqLrd&ys[ku esa izsj.kk

feyhA

bl iqLrd ds izdk”kd ds lapkyd ,oa lg;ksfx;ksa ds izfr Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djuk pkgsaxs

ftuds iz;klksa ls ;g iqLrd “kh?kz izdkf”kr gks ldh gSaA eSa vki lHkh ds izfr ân; ds vUr%LFky ls

vkHkkj izdV djrk gwa ,oa fo”okl gSa fd vki lHkh dk Hkfo’; esa Hkh lg;ksx feyrk jgsxkA

dksbZ Hkh iqLrd vius vki esa iw.kZ ugha gks ldrh gSaA iqLrd dks vf/kd mi;ksxh cukus ds

fy, izk/;kidksa ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls lq>ko lg’kZ vkeaf=r gSaA

fnukad % 2003

eksgu dqUt dkWyksuh] 'kks/kkFkhZ

bUnz dkWyksuh ds ikl] MkW- eukst dqekj “kekZ

icZriqjk ckbZikl] O;kolkf;d iz”kklu foHkkx

vtesj&305002 ¼jkt-½ jktLFkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj

nwjHkk’k – 9352523822 Reg. No. 603/2001 E mail- [email protected]

***********

mailto:[email protected]



fo"k; lwph

v/;k; fooj.k i"B la[;k

I. ifjp; 11-46

II. vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k 47-62

III. mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk 63-90

IV. izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k 91-182

V. ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p 183-201

VI. fu"d"kZ 202-214

ifjf'k"V 215-228

(a) lkjka'k

(b) vuqlwph

(c) lanfHkZdk

***********




v/;k;&I

ifjp;

(1) lkcqu czk.M dh i"BHkwfe

(2) Ø;&izfØ;k

(3) O;olk; ,oa miHkksDrk ojh;rk

(4) Ø;&izjs.kk;s

(5) Øsrk&O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo

(6) czk.M ilUn ,oa miHkksDrk O;ogkj

(7) Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa miHkksDrk Ø; O;ogkj

(8) Ø; vojks/k

(9) Øsrk bjknksa dk losZ{k.k

(10) Ø; rjhdk

(11) fu.kZ;ksijkUr fookn

(12) vuqla/kku dh vko';drk



v/;k; & I

ifjp;

(INTRODUCTION)

izLrqr v/;k; esa lkcqu czk.M dh Ik"BHkwfe] Ø; izfØ;k] O;olk; ,oa miHkksDrk ojh;rk] Ø;

izsj.kk;sa Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd] czk.M ilUn ,oa miHkksDrk O;ogkj] Øsrk O;ogkj

ds fl}kUr rFkk Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa miHkksDrk Ø; O;ogkj vkfn dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA

1-i"BHkwfe

(THE BACKDROP)

miHkksDrk mRiknksa dk oxhZdj.k muds iz;ksx ,oa thou dky ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk ldrk

gSA bl nf"V ls oLrqvksa dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa fVdkÅ ,oa vfVdkÅ oLrqvksa ds :i esa foHkDr fd;k tk

ldrk gSA ugkus ds lkcqu vfVdkÅ oLrq dh Js.kh esa lEefyr fd;s tkrs gS] blds vfrfjDr ge

bls lqfo/kk mRikn Hkh dg ldrs gSA lkcqu dh vko';drk orZeku esa vfuok;Z gksrh tk jgh gS ftls

fuEu Js.kh ls ysdj mPp Js.kh rd ds O;fDr;ksa }kjk iz;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gSA izkphu dky esa

O;fDr;ksa dh bPNk,a ,oa vko';drk,¡ lhfer Fkh] vr% og dqN gh oLrqvksa ls vius vki dks lUrq"V

dj ysrs Fks] ysfdu /khjs&/khjs le; esa ifjorZu gqvkA vk/kqfud ;qx xfr'khy ;qx gS] ftlesa izfr{k.k

vusd ifjorZu gks jgs gS] miHkksDrk dh vko';drk,¡ ,oa bPNk,¡ ifjofrZr gks jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:Ik

O;kolkf;d laxBuksaa dks Hkh mlh ds vuq:Ik ifjorZu] ubZ oLrq,a] uokpkj vkfn djus gksrs gSA lkcqu

ds foi.ku gsrq O;kid foi.ku uhfr dks viukuk gksrk gS] dher Hkh de j[kuh gksrh gS vkSj xzkgdksa

dks czk.M tkx:d cukuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA

lu~ 1981 vkSj 1985 ds chp bu mRiknksa dh ekax yxkrkj c<+rs jgus ds dkj.k dbZ ckj

vkiwfrZ dh deh gks xbZA lu~ 1987 esa lkcqu cukus esa mi;ksx vkus okys rsy vkSj nwljs dPps eky esa

egRoiw.kZ ewY; ifjorZu vk;k vkSj dhersa Å¡ph gks xbZA bl rjg rS;kj lkcqu mRikn ds ewY; esa

dkQh of} gqbZA lkcqu fuekZrk bdkbZ;ksa dh la[;k fnu&izfrfnu c<+rh gh xbZA orZeku esa ;gk¡ dbZ

lkoZtfud {ks= ,oa futh {ks= dh dEifu;k¡ bl O;olk; esa layXu gS] ftuesa fgUnqLrku yhoj fy-]

xksnjst] oh-oh-,Q-fy-]fujek fyfeVsM bR;kfn izeq[k gSA tgk¡ rd ubZ dEifu;ksa dk loky gS os




miHkksDrkvksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ,oa ekax esa of} djus ds fy, mPp fdLe dh lkcquksa dk fuekZ.k dj

jgh gSA

fgUnqLrku yhoj fyfeVsM 17 vDVwcj 1933 dks eqEcbZ esa ,d dEiuh ds :i esa vfLrRo esa

vkbZ vkSj 27 vDVwcj 1956 dks ,d lkoZtfud fyfeVsM dEiuh ds :i esa ifjofrZr gks xbZA

fgUnqLrku yhoj fyfeVsM dk iqjkuk mRikn gS ^^ykbQckW;** ugkus dk lkcquA bl dEiuh us

^^ykbQckW; xksYM** rFkk ^^ykbQckW; ilZuy** czk.M cukdj VsªfMax vi }kjk mRikn Ja[kyk dks cuk

fn;kA gky gh esa ^^ih;lZ** lkcqu ds dbZ o"kZ iqjkus jax dks cnydj vc gjk fd;k x;kA dkyxsV

ikevkWfyo dEiuh us lu~ 1960 esa vius u;s lkcqu dk ijh{kkRed foi.ku fd;kA lu~ 1985 ds

nkSjku fgUnqLrku yhoj fyfeVsM us ugkus ds lkcqu ^^SKI** dk cktkj ijh{k.k fd;kA lu~ 1986 ds

'kq:vkr esa ^^yDl** lkcquksa dks cktkj esa mrkjk x;k vkSj mls cktkj esa dkQh vPNh izfrfØ;k feyh

vkSj jk"Vªh; czk.M cu x;kA lu~ 1987 esa mfpr ewY; okys czk.M ^^czht** ,oa ^^ykbQckW;** cktkj esa

izLrqr fd, x,A vkt cktkj esa vusdksa lkcqu ns[kus dks feyrs gS ftuesa yDl] fujek] fyjhy] uhe]

t;] fu[kkj] xksnjst uEcj ou] Qs;j ,.M yoyh] flUFkk¡y] tks jkst bR;kfn izeq[k gSA blds

vfrfjDr vusd fons'kh lkcqu tSls%& flYd lkSan;Z lkcqu (nqcbZ)] Dew ÝqV lksi (b.Mksusf'k;k)

vkfn miyC/k gSA lkcqu dh ekax u dsoy 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa cfYd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa Hkh ns[kus dks

feyrh gSaA ,d v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd 'kgjh {ks= dh rqyuk esa xzkeh.k {ks= dh ekax ugkus o

diM+s /kksus ds lkcqu ds fy, 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd gSA

izR;sd fuekZrk vius czk.M dks fof'k"V y{k.kksa] u;s&u;s ifjorZuksa] ubZ jhfr&i¼fr dh lgk;rk

ls ifjorZu djus dh dfBu ls dfBu dksf'k'k djrk gS ftlls mUgas ljyrk ls igpkuk tk lds

vkSj Lo;a ds czk.M dk vU; czk.M ls Hksn dj lds] rkfd xzkgdksa ds efLr"d esa ,d fof'k"V Nfo

,oa igpku dks tUe fn;k tk ldsA miHkksDrk ds le{k vusd czk.M miyC/k gksus ds dkj.k og Ø;

fu.kZ; ds le; czk.M dks ilUn djus esa dfBukbZ eglwl djrk gSA bl rjg orZeku esa fuekZrkvksa

}kjk tks O;wg&uhfr cukbZ tk jgh gS] muesa dqN Li"V fØ;kRed y{k.kksa] ewrZ ykHkksa vkSj euksoSKkfud

igyqvksa vkfn ij izdk'k Mkyk tk jgk gSA

izR;sd foØsrk mu rRoksa esa :fp j[kus okyk gksrk gS ftuls Øsrk mlds czk.M dh vkSj

vkdf"kZr gksrs gS] ;g czk.M ds xq.k] dher] jax vkfn rRoksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA izR;sd fuekZrk ;g

tkuus esa :fp j[krk gS fd miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj dks izHkkfor



djus okys fofHkUu rRo ;k dkjd dkSuls gSA izLrqr fun'kZu losZ{k.k ;g tkuus ds fy,

fd;k x;k gS fd D;k fofHkUu dkjd vFkok rRo miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

2- Ø;&izfØ;k

(BUYING PROCESS)

Ø; izfØ;k }kjk Hkh Øsrk&O;ogkj dks tkuk tk ldrk gS vkSj rnuqdwy foi.ku uhfr;ksa@

dk;ZØeksa esa la'kks/ku fd;s tk ldrs gSA Ø;&izfØ;k esa dbZ pj.k lfEefyr gS vkSj ;g ,d

O;fDrxr&euksoSKkfud <k¡ps (vfHkiszj.k] vocks/ku] KkuktZu] fo'okl vkSj eukso`fÙk;ksa dk ;ksx) ls

izHkkfor gksrh gSA Ø;&izfØ;k ds fofHkUu pj.k fuEukuqlkj gS%

(i) vko';drk dk Kku (Need Recognition):

Ø;&izfØ;k okLrfod Ø; djus ds le; ls cgqr igys gh vkjEHk gks tkrh gSA bldk izFke

pj.k vko';drk ds Kku ds lkFk 'kq: gksrk gS] ,slk Kku Øsrk dks Hkhrjh&ckgjh iszj.kk ls izkIr gks

ldrk gSA Hkw[k] I;kl] uhan vkfn ls lEc} vko';drk,¡ Hkhrjh izsj.kkvksa ls iSnk gksrh gS vkSj euq";

budh lUrqf"V gsrq vius iwoZ vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij fuf'pr Js.kh dh oLrqvksa ds izfr >qdko izdV

djrk gSA dbZ ckj O;fDr;ksa dks vko';drk dk Kku ckgjh okrkoj.k ls Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA bPNk ;k

vko';drk ftruh rhoz gksrh gS] og mruh nh?kkZof/k rd cuh jgrh gS vkSj tc rd oLrq u [kjhn

yh tk, rc rd ruko iSnk djrh gSA

(ii) lwpukvksa dh [kkst (Search of Information):

;g Ø;&izfØ;k dk f}rh; pj.k gS] tks oLrq ds okLrfod Ø; ds fy, oLrq ls lacaf/kr

vko';d tkudkjh izkIr djus ds iz;klksa ds lkFk 'kq: gksrh gSA ;fn Øsrkvksa dh vko';drk cgqr

rhoz gS] iwfrZ ls lacaf/kr oLrq fuf'pr gS vkSj iwfrZ L=ksr etcwr gS rks Øsrk rRdky gh ogk¡ ig¡qp dj

vko';drk dh lUrqf"V gsrq [kjhn djsxkA ;fn ge ;g ekudj pys fd vko';drk esa rhozrk gS vkSj

iwfrZ L=ksr Hkh Øsrk dh igq¡p esa gS] fdUrq Øsrk oLrq dk fu'p; ugh dj ikrk gS] ,slh n'kk esa Øsrk

oLrq fu/kkZj.k gsrq vko';d tkudkjh dh [kkst djsxkA

(iii) ewY;kadu O;ogkj (Evaluation Transaction):




;g Ø;&izfØ;k dk rrh; pj.k gSA bl pj.k ij Øsrk mudh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ dj

ldus okyh oLrqvksa ls lEc} fofHkUu ,df=r lwpukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa ewY;kadu djrs gS rkfd

Ø; fu.kZ; dh fLFkfr ij igq¡p ldsA O;ogkj esa] Øsrkvksa }kjk

lwpukvksa ds ewY;kadu dk dk;Z fofHkUu rjhdksa ,oa :iksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa

miHkksDrkvksa }kjk oLrqvksa ls lEc} lwpukvksa ds ewY;kadu gsrq vusd ekWMYl Hkh dke esa fy;s tkrs

gSA ;s ekWMYl oLrqvksa dh izkFkfedrk,¡ fuf'pr djrs gSA

(iv) Ø; fu.kZ; (Buying Purchases Decision):

;g Ø;&izfØ;k dk prqFkZ pj.k gSA Øsrk bl pj.k ij ml oLrq dks [kjhnus dk bjknk

izdV djrk gS ftls mlus viuh Ø;&izkFkfedrkvksa esa izFke LFkku fn;k gSA Øsrk ds Ø; bjkns dks

lkekftd ?kVd vkSj vuqekfur Hkkoh fLFkfr;k¡ izHkkfor djrh gSA mRikn Ø; ls xzg.k dh tkus okyh

tksf[ke dh ek=k Hkh Ø; bjkns dks izHkkfor djrh gSA ;fn ,slh tksf[ke de gks rks Ø; bjknk

vis{kkdr cgqr de vFkok fcYdqy Hkh izHkkfor ugh gksxkA

(v) Ø;ksijkUr Hkkouk,¡ (Post Purchase Feelings):

;g Ø;&izfØ;k dk vfUre pj.k gS tks Øsrk dh nf"V ls egRoiw.kZ ekuk x;k gS D;ksa fd

[kjhnh xbZ czk.M dk izHkko Hkkoh [kjhn ij gksrk gS vFkkZr~ mÙkjorhZ czk.M izkFkfedrk dks izHkkfor

djrk gSA ;fn Øsrk [kjhnh xbZ czk.M ls iw.kZr% lUrq"V gS rks ,slh larqf"V mldh czk.M izkFkfedrk

dks lqn<+rk iznku djrh gSA blds foifjr ;fn Øsrk dk vuqHko lq[kn ugh jgk gS rks og Hkkoh Ø;

ds le; czk.M izkFkfedrk ij iqufoZpkj dj ldrk gS vFkok vius izkFkfedrk lewg esa ls ml czk.M

dks lnk ds fy, fudky ldrk gSA

3- O;olk; ,oa miHkksDrk ojh;rk

(BUSINESS AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE)

vk/kqfud le; esa miHkksDrkvksa dh bPNkvksa vFkok vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq fofHkUu mRikn

vusd jaxksa o 'kSyh esa izLrqr fd;s tkrs gSA vk/kqfud foi.kd O;wg&jpuk }kjk mRikn ds ewyHkwr xq.kksa

dks cuk, j[krs gq, vius mRikn dks nwljs izfrLi/khZ mRikn ls fHkUu cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA bls

MCY;w- ,yMjlu ^fof'k"V ykHk dh [kkst* dh laKk nsrs gSA1 vr% O;olk; dh lQyrk gsrq



lexz foi.ku ;kstuk,¡ ,oa uhfr;k¡ xzkgdksUeq[kh gksuh pkfg,A2 dksbZ Hkh nks O;fDr iw.kZr;k leku ugha

gksrs gS] O;fDr vk;] is'ks] f'k{kk] vk;q] :fp] vfHk:fp] ilanxh] jgu&lgu vkfn nf"V ls ,d nwljs

ls dkQh fHkUu gksrs gSA3 ;g tkuuk gh i;kZIr ugha gS fd vusd mRiknksa es ls fdl mRikn dks

miHkksDrk lcls vf/kd ilan djrk gS] ;g tkuuk Hkh ije~ vko';d gS fd miHkksDrk mRikn ds fdu

xq.kksa dks vf/kd ilan djrk gS vkSj fdu xq.kksa dks ukilan djrk gSA4 O;kolkf;d izfr"Bku dh

izcU/k O;oLFkk gsrq mRrjnk;h O;fDr dh miHkksDrk O;ogkj dks le>us esa fof'k"V :fp gksrh gSA

laLFkk ds mRiknd ,oa forj.k ;ksX; lalk/kuksa dks miHkksDrk dh ekax ds vuq:i cukuk izca/kdksa dk

dk;Z gSA ;fn laLFkk fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa dks izkIr djuk pkgrh gS rks mls miHkksDrk vkSj O;kikfjd

laLFkk ds chp ds vkarfjd lEca/kksa dks le>uk pkfg,A mRikndksa dh vk/kqfud ih<+h miHkksDrkvksa dh

vko';drkvksa dh tkudkjh djus esa :fp j[krh gS rHkh os mudh vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i mRikn

fufeZr djrs gSA os ;g eglwl djrs gS fd bl izdkj ds mRikn csps tk, ftlls u dsoy

miHkksDrkvksa dks lUrqf"V feys cfYd fuekZrkvksa dks Hkh ykHk gksA

blds fy, mRikn ds mu fofHkUu xq.kksa dh izkFkfedrkvksa dk oxhZdj.k fuf'pr fd;k tkuk

pkfg, tks fd mRikn esa vko';d :i ls gksuh pkfg,] tSls fd mRikn dk yEcs le; rd

mi;ksxhiu gksuk] fVdkÅiu] Hkkjhiu] vPNh fdLe vkfn dk gksukA tc bl izdkj ds oxhZdj.k dj

fn, tkrs gS rc fefJr y{k.kksa okys mRikn ds vkdkj dk vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA5 vk/kqfud

vFkZO;oLFkk esa foi.ku izfrLi/kkZ bruh vf/kd vfuf'pr ,oa vfLFkj fØ;k gks xbZ gS fd foi.ku

j.kuhfr dk fu.kZ; djrs le; miHkksDrkvksa dh izkFkfedrkvksa dk ewY;kadu djuk vfuok;Zrk cu x;h

gSA tsEl ,Q- ,xy dk er gS fd miHkksDrk dh izkFkfedrkvksa dk forj.k vkSj miHkksDrk&tula[;k

ds tukafd (Deomographic) dh lkekftd ;k O;kogkfjd y{k.kksa ds lkFk rkjrE; gks tkrk gS

rc ,d ,sls lewg dks vyx djuk laHko gks tkrk gS ftlls foi.ku iz;klksa }kjk ykHk lh/ks gh

dek;k tk ldsA6

4- Øsrk bjknksa dk losZ{k.k

(SURVEY of BUYER’S INTENTION)

tc fdlh ?kjsyw miHkksDrkvksa dh Ø; bPNkvksa ;k bjknksa ds ckjs esa irk yxkus dk iz;kl

fd;k tkrk gS rc vusd leL;k;sa lkeus vkrh gSA izFke mudk fo'oluh; lk{kkRdkj vkSj fun'kZu

,d cgqr gh dfBu vkSj [kphZyk dk;Z gSA tSlk fd v/;;u Li"V djrs gaS fd miHkksDrk dh Ø;

bPNk esa vfLFkjrk vkSj cktkj esa miyC/k fofHkUu fodYiksa ds izLrqr gksus ij Ø; ilanxh dh




vleFkZrk bl iwokZuqekfur rduhd dh mi;ksfxrk dks izfrcaf/kr djrh gS vkSj mRiknksa dh Åaph

dherksa o nh?kZdkyhu ;kstukvksa dh mi;ksfxrk dks Hkh lhfer djrh gSA

fe'ku fo'ofo|ky; ds losZ{k.k 'kks/k dsUnz }kjk la?kh; laj{k.k ifj"kn gsrq f}rh; fo'o;q} ds

i'pkr ls gh okf"kZd vk/kkj ij fu;fer :i ls miHkksDrkvksa dk foÙkh; losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA bl

losZ{k.k esa miHkksDrk dh Ø; bPNk ,oa mudh okLrfod Ø; 'kfDr ds chp lEcU/kksa dh tkudkjh ij

tk¡p dh xbZA loZs{k.k esa crk;k x;k fd edkuksa] Lopkfyr l;a=ksa vkSj midj.kksa dh jk"Vªh; ekax esa

o"kZ ds nkSjku dksbZ mRlkgtud of} fn[kkbZ ugha nh ftlls fd iwokZuqeku esa lgk;rk fey ldsA bl

v/;;u us 1946&49 esa ;kstukc} vkSj okLrfod [kpksZa esa foHksn dks cryk;kA blesa iznf'kZr fd;k

fd Ø; ;kstukvksa esa lky nj lky le;kuqlkj ifjorZu gksrk vk;k gS] fdUrq ;g miHkksDrkvksa dh

fVdkÅ oLrqvksa vkSj edkuksa dh ekax dks vf/kd ifjorZu ugha dj ik;k gSA bl izfof/k esa izeq[k

leL;k ;g Fkh fd bl o"kZ esa miHkksDrkvksa dh ;kstukvksa esa dkQh QSyko vk;k] D;ksafd miHkksDrk

dh ;kstuk,¡ lkekU;r;k vFkok izk;% detksj ,oa dkQh fuEu Lrj ij gksrh gS ifj.kkeLo:i os

vkfFkZd ifjorZuksa ls vyx&vyx :i ;s izHkkfor gksrh gSA mRikn vkSj mlds ewY; vk'kkvksa ij

fuHkZj jgus ls miHkksDrk cqjh rjg ls izHkkfor gksrk gS ifj.kkeLo:i mudh Ø; 'kfDr esa f'kfFkyrk

vk tkrh gS ;k mRikn vFkok eky ds izfr iw.kZ :i ls vKkurk lekIr gks tkrh gSA

nwljh dfBukbZ tks lk{kkRdkj rduhdksa esa lkeus vkbZ og ;g Fkh fd lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku Øsrk dh

;kstuk,¡ okLrfod gS ;k ugha]dHkh Hkh ekywe ughas pyrk gSaA cgqr de miHkksDrk ,sls gS tks mRikn

dks Ø; djus lEca/kh viuh bPNk rqjUr izdV djrs gSaA czk.M pquko dh izofÙk dks izdV djus okys

rjhds ls Hkh lk{kkRdkj rduhd izHkkfor gksrh gSA v/;;u ;s Li"V djrs gS fd de ewY; ds mRikn]

miHkksDrk izkFkfedrkvksa ,oa ,sls czk.M ftUgsa os okLro esa Ø; djrs gS] ds vfUre ?kfu"B lEcU/kksa dks

iznf'kZr djrs gSA7

5- Ø; & izsj.kk;sa

(BUYING MOTIVES)

Ø;&iszj.kk;sa os izHkko vFkok fopkj gksrs gS tks Ø; djus ds fy, izoÙk djrs gS] O;ogkj dks

mHkkjrs gSa vFkok oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa ds Ø; esa p;u dks fu/kkZfjr djrs gSA fdlh Hkh ekuo ds Hkkoh

O;ogkj ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ Hkfo";ok.kh djuk lEHko ugha gksrk] D;ksafd og fdl ifjfLFkfr esa dSlk

O;ogkj djsxk] ;g dguk dfBu gSA pw¡fd Øsrk vFkok miHkksDrk Hkh ,d euq"; gksrk gS] vr% mlds



O;ogkj ds ckjs esa Hkh Hkfo";ok.kh djuk vFkok iwokZuqeku yxkuk vR;Ur dfBu gSA okLrfodrk rks

;g gS fd izR;sd xzkgd dk Ø; O;ogkj fHkUu gksrk gSA vr% foØ;dÙkkZ ds fy, O;ogkj esa ;g

ekuuk Bhd ugha gS fd lHkh Øsrk fdlh lkekU; iz;kstu ls iszfjr gksdj gh oLrq dk Ø; djrs gSA

izR;sd lkekU; O;fDr Lofgr esa :fp j[kus okyk gksrk gS vkSj cqf} ds vuq:i O;ogkj djrk gSA ;gh

dkj.k gS fd foi.ku {ks= esa fofHkUu izdkj dh Ø;&iszj.kk;sa vkSj Ø; O;ogkj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSA

Ø;&iszj.kkvksa dks fuEukuqlkj oxhZdr fd;k tk ldrk gS%

(i) HkkSfrd Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Physical Buying Motives):

HkkSfrd Ø;&iszj.kk 'kkjhfjd Ø;&iszj.kk ds uke ls Hkh tkuh tkrh gSA HkkSfrd Ø;&iszj.kk

Hkw[k] I;kl] uhan] ;kSu] vkjke] ,oa thou lapkyu ls lac} iszj.kkvksa dks Lo;a esa lfEefyr djrh gSA

tc fdlh O;fDr dk eu HkkSfrd fparkvksa o vko';drkvksa dks larq"V djus ds fy, fdlh mRikn dks

Ø; djus gsrq yypkrk gS] rc ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd og viuh HkkSfrd iszj.kkvksa ls iszfjr gqvk

gSA

(ii) euksoSKkfud Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Psychological Buying Motives):

;g izdfrnÙk fo"k; gS vkSj euksoSKkfud n'kkvksa dh fparkvksa ;k rukoksa ls mRiUu gksrh gSA

;g iszj.kk,¡ fdlh O;fDr dks mldh euksoSKkfud vko';drk dh larqf"V ds fy, Ø; gsrq iszfjr

djrh gSA euksoSKkfud Ø;&iszj.kk;sa O;fDrijd gksrh gS vkSj buesa xoZ] Hk; vkfn iszj.kkvksa dks

lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA

(iii) lkekftd Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Sociological Buying Motives):

tc dksbZ O;fDr lkekftd Lrj cuk, j[kus ;k ml rd igq¡pus gsrq fdlh mRikn dks Ø;

djrk gS rc tks iszj.kk Ø; djus ds ihNs dk;Z djrh gS og lkekftd Ø;&iszj.kk,¡ dgykrh gSA

lkekftd Ø;&iszj.kk,¡ orZeku ,oa visf{kr lkekftd fLFkfr ls lac} iszj.kkvksa dk lewg gksrh gSA

(iv) vftZr Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Acquired Buying Motives):

;g ,d lh[kus dh iszj.kk gS tks Øsrkvksa ds vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k ls lEcaf/kr gksrh gS] bUgsa

xkS.k vFkok lgk;d Ø;&iszj.kk,¡ Hkh dgk x;k gSA miHkksDrkvksa dks bu Ø;&iszj.kkvksa dk fodkl

djuk gksrk gSA bu Ø;&iszj.kkvksa esa lkSUn;Z] fdLe] ykHk o ferO;;rk dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA

miHkksDrkvksa dks buesa feyus okyh larqf"V gh bu iszj.kkvksa dk ewY;kadu vk/kkj curh gSA bu

Ø;&iszj.kkvksa ij lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr;k¡ vkSj f'k{kk Lrj egRoiw.kZ izHkko Mkyrs gSA




(v) vUroZÙkhZ Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Inherent Buying Motives):

vUroZrhZ Ø;&iszj.kk;sa] ,slh iszj.kk;sa gS ftUgsa lh[kuk ugha iM+rk gSA blds foijhr ;s iszj.kk;sa

gj Øsrk esa tUe ls gh fo|eku gksrh gSA bu Ø;&iszj.kkvksa dks izkFkfed Ø;&iszj.kk;sa Hkh dgk tkrk

gSA bu iszj.kkvksa esa HkkSfrd] euksoSKkfud] lkekftd vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq vko';d oLrqvksa

,oa lsokvksa dh [kjhn dks izksRlkfgr djus okyh iszj.kkvksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA lqj{kk] vkjke]

iz'kalk] I;kl vkfn ls lac} iszj.kk;sa vUroZÙkhZ Ø;&iszj.kk;sa gSA

(vi) mRikn Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Product Buying Motives):

mRikn Ø;&iszj.kk;sa] os iszj.kk;sa gS tks fdlh fof'k"V mRikn dh [kjhn gsrq izksRlkfgr djrh

gSA ,slk izksRlkgu ml fof'k"V oLrq ds HkkSfrd vFkok euksoSKkfud vkd"kZ.kksa ls mRiUu gksrk gSA vr%

;s iszj.kk;sa] mRikn dh fo'ks"krkvksa vkSj xq.kksa ls lEcaf/kr gksrh gSA oLrq dh fMtkbu] jax] vkdkj]

fu"iknu vkfn mRikn Ø;&iszj.kkvksa dk vk/kkj gksrh gSA

(vii) laj{k.k Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Patronage Buying Motives):

laj{k.k Ø;&iszj.kk;sa] os iszj.kk;sa gS tks Øsrkvksa dks fdlh fof'k"V foØsrk ls gh oLrq,¡ Ø;

djus dks izksRlkfgr djrh gSA foØsrkvksa esa fuekZrk] Fkksd O;kikjh] QqVdj O;kikjh vkSj QqVdj foØsrk

lHkh lfEefyr gksrs gSA izn'kZu] ltkoV] m/kkj lqfo/kk;sa] okilh lqfo/kk;sa] xg lqiqnZxh] [;kfr vkfn

os ?kVd gS tks laj{k.k Ø;&iszj.kkvksa ds vk/kkj curs gSA

(viii) tkx:d Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Conscious Buying Motives):

tkx:d Ø; izsj.kk;sa] os izsj.kk;sa gS ftUgsa Øsrk foi.ku fØ;kvksa dh lgk;rk ds fcuk gh

ljyrkiwoZd igpku ysrs gS vkSj vfHkO;fDr djrs gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] lpsru /kjkry ij fo|eku

vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq Øsrkvksa dh [kjhn dks izkssRlkgu djus okyh Ø;&izsj.kk;sa tkx:d

Ø;&izsj.kk;sa dgh tkrh gSA ;s izsj.kk;sa Lor% gh Øsrkvksa ds efLr"d esa mRiUu gksrh gSA

(ix) lqIr Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Dormant Buying Motives):

lqIr Ø;&iszj.kk;sa] os iszj.kk;sa gS ftUgsa Øsrk ml le; rd ugh igpku ikrs gS tc rd fd

foi.ku fØ;kvksa }kjk mudk /;ku Ø;&iszj.kkvksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr u fd;k tk;sA ;s iszj.kk;sa mu



vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq Øsrkvksa dk /;ku vkd"V djrh gS ftuds ckjs esa Øsrkvksa dks Lo;a gh

/;ku ugha gksrk gS vkSj tks vpsru /kjkry ij fo|eku gksrh gSA

(x) foosdkRed Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Rational Buying Motives):

foosdkRed Ø;&iszj.kkvksa dks vkfFkZd Ø;&iszj.kk;sa Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bu Ø;&iszj.kkvksa ds

ihNs ekU;rk gS fd O;fDr vkfFkZd euq"; gS vkSj vius mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s foosdiw.kZ rjhds ls

dk;Z djrk gSA og tks dqN [kjhnrk gS lksp le>dj fdQk;r ds lkFk [kjhnrk gSA la{ksi esa] tc

dksbZ O;fDr oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh [kjhn djrs le; foosd] cqf}] rdZ&'kfDr ,oa miyC/k lwpukvksa

dk iwjk&iwjk mi;ksx djrk gS] lkFk gh lkFk [kjhn esa Hkkoukvksa dks dksbZ LFkku ugha nsrk gS rc ge

;g dg ldrs gS fd bl Ø; ds ihNs foosdkRed Ø;&iszj.kkvksa us dk;Z fd;k gSA

(xi) HkkoukRed Ø;&iszj.kk;sa (Emotional Buying Motives):

HkkoukRed Ø;&iszj.kk;sa] os iszj.kk;sa gS tks Øsrkvksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks fof'k"V oLrqvks a vFkok

lsokvksa dh [kjhn gsrq mdlkrh gSA ;s Ø;&iszj.kk;sa foosd] cqf} ;k rdZ ds nk;jksa ij gksrh gS vkSj

euq";ksa dh Hkkoukvksa ls] mlds laosxksa ls lh/kk lEca/k LFkkfir djrh gSA bu Ø;&iszj.kkvksa esa bfUnz;ksa

dh larqf"V] Hk;] vkjke] xoZ] jgL; ds izfr mRlqdrk vkfn iszj.kkvksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tk ldrk

gSA

6- Ø;&izsj.kkvksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa dfBukb;k¡

(PROBLEMS IN DETERMINATION OF BUYING MOTIVES)

Øsrkvksa dh Ø;&izsj.kkvksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa foi.kudÙkkZvksa ds lEeq[k vusd dfBukb;k¡ izLrqr

gksrh gSA Ø; izsj.kkvksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa lcls cM+h dfBukbZ vusd ckj Øsrkvksa dh vufHkKrk ds dkj.k

mEiUu gksrh gSA O;ogkj esa vusd Øsrk Lo;a }kjk dh xbZ [kjhn ds ihNs fo|eku jgh izsj.kkvksa ds

ckjs esa blfy, ugha crk ikrs gS pwafd mUgs Lo;a gh Kku ugha gks ikrk gSA foi.ku fo'ks"kKksa dk

dguk gS fd Ø; izsj.kkvksa dks Øsrkvksa ds Kku ds vk/kkj ij foHkDr djs rks rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkDr

fd;k tk ldrk gSA izFke Js.kh esa] os Ø;&izsj.kk,¡ lfEefyr dh tk ldrh gS ftuds ckjs esa Øsrk

tkurs gSa vkSj ckrphr djuk ilUn djrs gSA f}rh; Js.kh esa] os Ø; izsj.kk,¡ lfEefyr dh tk

ldrh gS ftuds ckjs esa Øsrk tkurs gSa fdUrq crykuk ugha pkgrsA mnkgj.k ds fy, dksbZ L=h 'kk;n

gh lkSUn;Z izlk/ku lkexzh dh [kjhn ds ihNs jgh okLrfod Ø; izsj.kkvksa dks cryk,xh] rrh; Js.kh

esa mu izsj.kkvksa dks j[kk tk ldrk gS ftldk Kku Øsrkvksa dks ugha gSA




vusd ckj Øsrk Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dks bu euksoSKkfud Hk; ds dkj.k ugha crkrs gS fd izsj.kkvksa

ds izdVhdj.k ij vU; yksx mls ew[kZ le>saxs ;k mldh g¡lh mM+k;saxsA Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dh vusdrk

,oa vfHkUurk ds dkj.k Hkh okLrfod Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dk Kku ugha gks ikrk gSA O;ogkj esa dh tkus

okyh dksbZ Hkh [kjhn vusd izsj.kkvksa dk ifj.kke gksrh gS vkSj muesa ls fdlh ,d ;k vf/kd izsj.kkvksa

dks izeq[k rFkk vU; dks xkS.k dguk dfBu gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] dksbZ L=h lkSUn;Z izlk/ku

midj.kksa dh [kjhn vius ifr dks izlUu djus vkSj j[kus] Lo;a ds O;fDrRo dks vkd"kZd cukus]

vU; yksxks ls iz'kalk ikus] QS'ku dk vuqdj.k djus vkfn dkj.kksa ls izsfjr gksdj dj ldrh gSA

okLro esa vusd Ø;&izsj.kk,¡ feydj Øsrkvksa dks izsfjr djrh gSA losZ{k.k crykrs gSa fd lEHkkfor

Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dh la[;k 600 ls Hkh Åij rd ig¡qp pqdh gSA blfy, Li"Vr% Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dk

fu/kkZj.k djuk dfBu gksrk tk jgk gSA

Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dk fu/kkZj.k djuk muds cnyrs jgus ds dkj.k Hkh lEHko ugha gks ikrk gSA

Ø;&izsj.kk,¡ tfVy] xqIr] fofo/k ,oa vfHkUu gh ugha gksrh gS] cfYd Øsrk dh vk;q 'kS{kf.kd o

lkekftd Lrjksa] rduhdh Kku vkSj vkfFkZd n'kkvksa ds cnyus ds lkFk&lkFk cnyrh jgrh gSA

QyLo:i] Ø; O;ogkj Hkh cnyrk jgrk gS vkSj foi.kudÙkkZvksa dks FkksMs+&FkksM+s le;kUrjksa ls iqu%

Ø; O;ogkjksa dk v/;;u djuk iM+rk gSA gj Øsrk viuk ,d fof'k"V] viwoZ ,oa vf}rh; O;fDRo

j[krk gS tks nwljksa ls iw.kZr% esy ugha [kkrk gSA vr,oa tc rd foi.kudÙkkZ mlds gj xzkgd dk

iFkd & iFkd v/;;u u djs rc rd lgh Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dh tkudkjh ugha dh tk ldrh gSa] fdUrq

O;kogkfjd rFkk vkfFkZd nf"V ls gj Øsrk dh Ø;&izsj.kkvksa dks tkuuk dfBu gh ugha] cfYd

vlEHko Hkh gSA

7- Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd

(FACTORS INFLUENCING BUYING BEHAVIOUR)

miHkksDrk O;ogkj ls rkRi;Z miHkksDrk dh Ø; & fu.kZ;u izfØ;k ls gS] ftlds vUrxZr mu dkj.kksa

,oa ?kVdksa dk v/;;u ,oa fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gS tks mlds fdlh oLrq ;k lsokvksa ds Ø; fu.kZ;

dks izHkkfor djrs gSA miHkksDrk ds Ø; fu.kZ;ksa dks izHkkfor djus okys vusd ?kVd gksrs gS ftuesa

'kkjhfjd] ekufld] lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd lHkh ?kVd lfEefyr gksrs gSA bUgh ?kVdksa ls izHkkfor

gksdj ;g fu.kZ; djrk gS fd ^^dksbZ oLrq ;k lsok dc] dagk ls] fdl izdkj] fdruh] fdl fof/k ls]

fdl L=ksr ls] ,oa D;ksa Ø; djuh gSA



MCY;w0 ,yMjlu us miHkksDrk O;ogkj ds v/;;u dks okLro esa igpkuk] ftlesa mUgkssaus u

dsoy miHkksx dk cfYd miHkksx ;ksX; Ø; oLrqvksa dk Hkh v/;;u fd;kA8 Øsrk O;ogkj fofHkUu rjg

ds ?kVdksa ls izHkkfor gksrs gS] ftUgsa ge fuEukuqlkj oxhZdr dj ldrs gS%

(a) O;fDrxr ?kVd (Personal Factors)

(b) lkekftd ?kVd (Social Factors)

(c) euksoSKkfud ?kVd (Psychological Factors)

(a) O;fDrxr ?kVd (Personal Factors)

miHkksDrk ds lHkh O;fDrxr ?kVd ;k fo'ks"krk,a tSls% vk;q] fyax] f'k{kk] O;olk;] oSokfgd

fLFkfr] vk;] mldk lEiw.kZ O;fDrRo ,oa /keZ vkfn mlds O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA izeq[k

O;fDrxr ?kVd fuEu gS%

(i) vk;q ,oa fyax (Age and Sex):

izFke ?kVd tks Øsrk ds O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gS og vk;q ,oa fyax gSA fofHkUu

mRiknksa dh vko';drk,a vkSj mudh lsok,a vk;q ds vuqlkj cnyrh jgrh gSA foØ;'kkykvksa

(lqij cktkj) dk v/;;u izdV djrk gS fd cPpksa dk Ø; O;ogkj (fo'ks"kr% VksQh ,oa

feBkbZ;kssa ds fy,) ;qok iq:"k ds Ø; fu.kZ;ksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA9 blh izdkj ls iq:"kkssa

vkSj fL=;ksa ds chp 'kkjhfjd foHksn gksrs gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i mudh miHkksx

vko';drk,¡ Hkh fHkUu gh lkFk Ø; O;ogkj ,d lhek rd fHkUurk fy, gksrs gSA

(ii) f'k{kk vkSj dk;Z (Education and Occupation):

nwljk egRoiw.kZ O;fDrxr ?kVd f'k{kk vkSj dk;Z gS tks Øsrkvksa ds O;ogkj dks

izHkkfor djrs gsSA f'k{kk O;fDr;ksa ds Kku mudh :fp;ksa ,oa nf"Vdks.kksa dks lkoZHkkSe cukrh

gSA ,d f'kf{kr O;fDr] de f'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dh rqyuk esa vklkuh ls miyC/k 'kS{kf.kd

lqfo/kkvksa] fdrkcksa] v[kckjksa] if=dkvksa ,oa vU; Kkuo}Zd oLrqvksa ds dkj.k vf/kd miHkksx

djrk gSA dk;Z vFkok mudk is'kk Hkh O;fDr;ksa dh miHkksx vko';drkvksa dks izHkkfor djrk

gSA ,sls yksx tks fdlh fof'k"V dk;Z esa fu;qDr gksrs gS vFkok layXu gksrs gS mUgs O;olk;

ls lEcaf/kr fo'ks"k vkStkjksa ,oa lktks&lkekuksa dh vko';drk,a gksrh gSA ysfdu bu fof'k"V




vko';drkvksa ds vykok ,d O;fDr dh laxBu esa Hkwfedk ,oa fLFkfr vFkok in Hkh Øsrk

O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

(iii) oSokfgd fLFkfr ,oa vk; (Marital Status and Income):

O;fDr dh oSokfgd fLFkfr Hkh Øsrk O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djus okys izeq[k ?kVd gksrs gSA

fofHkUu oSokfgd fLFkfr okyksa dh vko';drk,a] euksofÙk;k¡ ,oa Ø; O;ogkj esa fHkUurk gksrh

gSA10 vk; Hkh vU; 'kfDr'kkyh ?kVd gS tks miHkksDrk O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrk gSA vk;

Ø; djus dh 'kfDr nsrk gS ftlls og Ø; ,oa foØ; ds ysu&nsuksa ;k O;ogkjksa ds chp

fofue; dks iw.kZ djrk gSA miHkksDrk viuh vk; dks miHkksx ,oa cprksa ds mís';ksa ds fy;s

iz;ksx djrk gSA miHkksDrkvksa dh fnypLih bl ekeys esa c<+rh pyh tkrh gS fd os viuh

bPNkvksa vFkok vko';drkvksa dks orZeku esa gh larq"V djuk pkgrs gS] Hkfo"; esa ughaA11

iwoZ Ø; ekaxs ljdkjh djksa] laLFkk ds iquHkqZxrku [kpkZsa ,oa laLFkkxr lsokvksa ds [kpksZa

vkfn ls izHkkfor gksrh gSA miHkksDrk bu ekaxksa dks iw.kZ djus ds i'pkr~ 'ks"k vk; dks

lek;ksftr djus dh bPNk j[krk gSA miHkksDrk dh pkyw lEifÙk;k¡ Hkh miHkksDrk Ø;

O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrh gSA pkyw lEifÙk;ksa dk vFkZ mu lEifÙk;ks a ls gS tks udn esa gS ;k

ftUgas vklkuh ls udnh esa ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gksA ;s lEifÙk;k¡ cSad 'ks"k] va'k] udn

'ks"k] bdkbZ vkfn ds :i esa gks ldrh gSA Øsrk O;ogkj izpfyr m/kkj lqfo/kkvksa ls Hkh T;knk

izHkkfor gksrk gSA m/kkj dh lqfo/kk,a mUgs fujUrj iqu[kZjhn gsrq izsfjr djrh gS] laj{k.k

izsj.kk nsrh gS vkSj i;kZIr ek=k esa [kjhn gsrq izksRlkfgr djrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] miHkksDrk

dks tc m/kkj dh lqfo/kk,a nh tkrh gS rks muds Ø; djus dh laHkkouk,¡ T;knk gksrh gSA

(iv) O;fDrRo (Personality):

O;fDrRo 'kCn dh vusd rjg ls O;k[;k dh xbZ gSA gksCcsl dk er gS fd O;fDrRo

esa os lHkh fo'ks"krk,a lfEefyr gksrh gS tks O;ogkjksa ds lkekU; rjhdksa vFkok Lo:iksa dks

fu/kkZfjr djrs gSA fo'ks"kr% O;fDr dk ,d nwljs ds lEca/kksa dk ifjpk;d gksrh gSA12 O;fDrRo

lkekU;r% vfHkizsj.k ,oa fof'k"V xq.kksa ds ckjs esa crykrk gSA13 O;fDrRo ?kVd miHkksDrk

O;ogkj ds :[k dks izHkkfor djrk gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i O;fDr;ksa dk Ø; O;ogkj nwljksa

ls fHkUu gksrk gSA



(v) /keZ (Religion):

/keZ okLrfod :i ls miHkksDrkvksa ds nf"Vdks.k] miHkksx rjhdksa vFkok lajpukvksa]

euksofÙk ,oa Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA tSls mnkgj.kkFkZ% fgUnw ,oa tSu /keZ esa 'kjkc

,oa ek¡l ds miHkksx ij jksd gS] tcfd bLyke /keZ esa 'kjkc ihus ,oa /kqeziku bu nksuksa ij

jksd gSA bl rjg ls /keZ O;fDr;ksa vFkok miHkksDrkvksa ds Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

(b) lkekftd ?kVd (Social Factors)

lkekftd ?kVd tSls& ifjokj ds eqf[k;k dh jk;] lanHkZ leqg] lkekftd oxZ] tkfr ,oa

laLdfr vkfn miHkksDrk ds Ø; O;ogkjksa dks izHkkfor djrs gSA izeq[k lkekftd ?kVd fuEu gS%

(i) ifjokj (Family):

miHkksDrk ds O;ogkj ij ifjokj Hkh egRoiw.kZ izHkko Mkyrk gSA fofHkUu izkFkfedrk,a]

:fp] vfHk:fp] O;fDr dh thou 'kSyh] jgu & lgu] ilanxh vkfn ifjokj ds Ø; O;ogkj

dks izHkkfor djrs gSA ifjokj miHkksDrk O;ogkj dks nks :iksa esa izHkkfor djrk gS% izFke]

;g fdlh O;fDr ds O;fDrRo fo'k"krkvksa ,oa mlds LoHkko vFkok euksofÙk dks izHkkfor

djrk gSA nwljk] ;g Ø; fu.kZ;ksa dks ml le; izHkkfor djrk gS] tc og eky ,oa lsokvksa

dk Ø; dj jgk gksrk gSA ifjokj ds lnL; Hkh Ø; fu.kZ;ksa dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

lkekU;r;k bu {ks=ksa ds vusd 'kks/k bl ckr dk leFkZu djrs gS fd ,d mRikn ls nwljs

mRikn dks Ø; djus ds fu.kZ;ksa esa ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh izFke Hkwfedk gksrh gSA mRikn ds

c<+s gq, ewY; Hkh nEifÙk ds la;qDr Ø; fu.kZ;ksa esas ,d lhek rd of} djrs gSA de dher

okys mRikn dks ifr & ifRu viuh tkudkjh ,oa dkS'ky vFkok pkrq;Z ds vk/kkj ij Ø;

djrs gSA14

(ii) izeq[k dh jk; (Leaders Opinion):

ifjokj ds vykok] ,d miHkksDrk vius ?kfu"V fe=ksa] iM+kSfl;ksa]lgdfeZ;ksa vkSj

fj'rsnkjksa ls izkIr mRikn ,oa lsokvksa ds Ø; lEca/kh lykgksa@ jk; ls Hkh izHkkfor gksrk gSA

lykg vFkok jk; dks izHkkfor djus okyh ;g izfØ;k usrRo izfØ;k dgykrh gSA bldk

o.kZu ,d ,slh izfØ;k ds :i esa fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ,d O;fDr vU; ds dk;ksZa ,oa LoHkkoksa

dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

(iii) lanHkZ lewg (Reference Group):




lanHkZ lewg os lewg gksrs gS tks fd O;fDr ds lkFk ijLij fØ;k,a djrs gS vkSj

mlds O;ogkj o izofÙk;ksa dks izHkkfor djrs gSA lanHkZ lewg izk;% NksVs ,oa lEiw.kZ lkekftd

oxZ ftrus [kqys ugha gksrs gSA lanHkZ lewg izofÙk;ksa esa cnyko ykus] vkdka{kkvksa vFkok

ykylkvksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa] vkn'kksZ rFkk jpukvksa ds vuqdwy cukus] LoewY;kadu] ,oa vnHkqr

fo"k;ksa dks tkuus esa eq[; :i ls izHkko Mkyrs gSA15 D;ksa fd O;fDr bl rjg ds lewg dk

vax cuuk pkgrk gS tks blds ewY;ksa ,oa izofÙk;ksa ls izHkkfor gksrs gSA

nwljs 'kCnksa esa] lanHkZ lewg dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS & izFke izkFkfed lewg

tSls% ifjokj] ?kfu"V fe=] iM+kSlh] lgdehZ vkfn ,oa f}rh;] xkS.k lewg tSls% is'ksoj laLFkk,a]

Je la?k vkfnA ;s lanHkZ lewg rhu izdkj ls Øsrk O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gS & izFke

Øsrkvksa dks oSdfYid O;ogkjksa ;k thou 'kSyh dks viukus ds fy, foo'k djrs gSA f}rh;

Øsrkvksa dks lewg ds lkFk rkyesy j[kus ds ;ksX; cukus gsrq mudh izofÙk;ksa vkSj LofcEcksa dks

izHkkfor djrs gSA rrh; ,oa vfUre vuq:irk ds fy, ncko Mkyrs gS ftlls mRikn vkSj

czk.M ilUnxh izHkkfor gksrh gSA

ckSjsu us vuqla/kku }kjk cryk;k fd lUnHkZ lewg miHkksx O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs

gSA lokZf/kd izHkko ,slh oLrqvksa ,oa czk.M&Jsf.k;ksa ij gksrk gS tks n'; gS vkSj cgqr Li"V

gSA16 mnkgj.k ds fy, ugkus ds lkcqu tSlh oLrqvksa dh czk.M ilUnxh ij lanHkZ lewg dk

izHkko vf/kd fdUrq mRikn ilUnxh ij de gksrk gSA

(iv) lkekftd oxZ ,oa tkfr (Social Class and Caste):

lkekftd oxZ ,oa tkfr Hkh miHkksDrk ds Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

lkekftd oxZ LoHkkfod rkSj ij LFkk;h gksrs gS ,oa lkekftd oxZ lkekftd fLFkfr ds vk/kkj

ij fd;k x;k miHkksDrk lewgksa dk oxhZdj.k gksrk gSA fofHkUu oxksZa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k

Lrjhdj.k Øsrk O;ogkj ds Li"Vhdj.k gsrq vf/kd mi;ksxh jgrk gSA lekt ds fofHkUu

oxksZa ds vk/kkj ij ,d O;fDr dh rqyuk vU; ifjokj ,oa O;fDr ls dj ldrs gSA oxksZa dh

Jsf.k;k¡ fofHkUu izdkj ds ?kVdksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gS tSls% vk;] dk;Z] vf/kdkj] 'kfDr]

lEink ,oa ekfyd vkfnA lkekftd oxksZa dk fuekZ.k ijEijkxr :i ls tkfr ij vk/kkfjr

gSA tkfr;ksa ij vk/kkfjr oxZ iqu% vusd mioxksZa esa foHkDr gksrs gSA ;s mioxZ vkfFkZd

fLFkfr] jhfr&fjokt] O;olk;] /keZ] fo'okl vkfn dh fo"kerkvksa dks iznf'kZr djrs gSA bl

izdkj O;fDr;ksa dh oxZ Jsf.k;k¡ p;u ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA tkfr ,d lewg ls izkIr gksrh gS

tks Lo;a fodflr gksrh gSA



lkekftd oxZ ,oa tkfr ds y{k.kksa esa eq[; Hksn ;g gS fd O;fDr;ksa dk oxZ p;u ls

fu/kkZfjr vFkok vk/kkfjr gksrk gS tcfd tkfr mlds tUe ls gh fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA foHkkxh;

LVksj ,oa Ø; O;ogkj ds ,d v/;;u esa ik;k x;k gS fd fuEu fLFkfr dh efgyk,¡ ml

le; iwjh rjg ls izHkkfor gksrh gS] tc os mPp fLFkfr okys foHkkxh; LVksj esa tkrh gS] tgka

ogka dk fyfid ,oa vU; miHkksDrk mls dbZ izdkj ls izrkfM+r djrs gSA17 ifj.kkeLo:i]

fuEu fLFkfr okys yksx bl fpUrk ds dkj.k mPp oxksZa okys LVksj(foØ;'kkykvksa) dks

frjLdr djrs gSA blh izdkj mPp oxZ okys fuEu oxksZa okys LVksj dks frjLdr djrs gSA

(v) laLdfr (Culture):

laLdfr ls rkRi;Z mu uSfrd ewY;ksa] fopkjksa] Kku ,oa vkn'kZ O;ogkj ls gS] tks

lekt ds yksxksa ds O;ogkj ,oa vkpj.k dks lftr ,oa iqjLdr djrs gSA izR;sd miHkksDrk

dk O;ogkj bu lkaLdfrd ewY;ksa ,oa fopkjksa ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA

vFkkZr laLdfr mu fpUgksa ,oa dykvksa dk tfVy lewg gksrh gS tks ekuo }kjk

fufeZr gksrs gS ,oa ftlesa lkekftd laLdkj vkSj ekuoh; O;ogkj ih<+h nj ih<+h LFkkukarfjr

gksrs jgrs gSA18 gksokMZ ,oa lsB ds vuqlkj laLdfr czk.M dh le>] euksofÙk vFkok LoHkko

,oa Ø; bjknksa dks izHkkfor djrh gSA19 la;qDr ifjokj iz.kkyh esa ifjokj ds Ø; fu.kZ;

eq[;r;k ifjokj ds eqf[k;k }kjk fy;s tkrs gS] tks ifjokj dh vko';drkvk sa dk

fp=.k vFkok rkfydk dks fodflr djrk gS ,oa vko';drk rFkk ijEijkvksa ds vk/kkj ij

viuh izkFkfedrk,a r; djrk gSA

(c) euksoSKkfud ?kVd (Psychological Factors)

vf/kdka'k miHkksDrk ds Ø; O;ogkj] lkekftd ,oa O;fDrxr ?kVdksa ds vykok euksoSKkfud

?kVdksa tSls% vfHkizsj.k] vocks/ku] KkuktZu] fo'okl ,oa vfHkofÙk;k¡ vFkok euksofÙk;k¡ ls izHkkfor gksrk

gSA izeq[k ?kVd fuEu gS%

(i) vfHkizsj.k (Motivation):

leLr O;ogkj vfHkizsj.k ds lkFk 'kq: gksrs gSA vfHkizsj.k ,d euksoSKkfud mÙkstuk

gS] tks O;fDr;ksa dks dk;Z ds izfr izksRlkfgr djrh gS ,oa vf/kdre larq"Vh iznku djrh gSA

izsj.kk,a ,slh mÙkstd 'kfDr gS tks Hkhrj ls mBrh gS rFkk dk;Z djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA

euksoSKkfud ,slh izsj.kkvksa vFkok vko';drkvksa dks nks oxksZa esa foHkkftr djrs gS%




izFke] vk/kkjHkwr vko';drk,¡ (Hkkstu] oL=] vkokl vkfn) tks 'kkjhfjd fpUrkvksa vFkok

rukoksa ds QyLo:i mRiUu gksrh gSA

f}rh;] ekufld vko';drk,¡ (Lusg] I;kj] fLFkfr vkfn) tks euksoSKkfud fpUrkvksa vFkok

rukoksa ds QyLo:i mRiUu gksrh gSA

;g ,slh izsj.kk gS tks Øsrk dks fuf'pr mRikn ds izfr O;ofLFkr ,oa izsfjr djrh gS

vkSj bl izdkj Øsrk dh izsj.kk dk izR;{k lEcU/k O;fDr;ksa ds Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs

gSA

(ii) vocks/ku (Perception):

vocks/ku dk rkRi;Z bfUnz; cks/k ;k vuqHko ls gSA izR;sd O;fDr dh ik¡p bfUnz;k¡

gksrh gS ftUgsa ge vk¡[k] dku] ukd] eqag] gkFk ds uke ls tkurs gSA bu ik¡pksa bfUnz;ksa esa ls

fdlh ,d ;k vf/kd ds lg;ksx ls ge fdlh oLrq dk tks cks/k ;k vuqHko djrs gS] mls gh

vocks/ku dgrs gSA izR;sd miHkksDrk visf{kr oLrq dks ns[kdj] Nwdj] lwa?kdj] lwudj ;k

p[kdj vocks/ku dj ldrk gSA mldk ;g vocks/ku mls fdlh oLrq ds Ø; djus ;k ugha

djus ds fy, izsfjr djrk gSA vr% izR;sd miHkksDrk dk O;ogkj vocks/ku ls izHkkfor gksrk

gSA mnkgj.kLo:i] ,d efgyk tc ;g vocks/ku djrh gS fd ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk lkcqu

mlds jax & :i esa vfHkof} dj ldrk gS rHkh og ml lkcqu fo'ks"k dks [kjhnus dk fu.kZ;

djsxhA

(iii) lh[kuk vFkok KkuktZu (Learning):

KkuktZu iwoZ vuqHko esa ifjorZuksa dk ifj.kke gSaA O;fDr dk vf/kdka'k O;ogkj

lh[kus ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA KkuktZu ik¡p vk/kkjHkwr ladYiukvksa ij vk/kkfjr gS% izsj.kk]

euksHkko] izR;qÙkj] iqu:Ùkstuk] /kkj.k&'kfDr A izsj.kk mÙkstd 'kfDr gS] tks Hkhrj ls mBrh

gS rFkk fdlh dk;Z dks djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gS] bls dHkh&dHkh vko';drk ;k izsj.kk Hkh

dgrs gSA euksHkko Hkh mÙkstd iszj.kk,¡ gksrh gS] fdUrq izsj.kkvksa dh rqyuk esa detksj gksrh gSaA

euksHkko dc] dgka] dSls tSls iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsrk gSA euksHkkoksa ds izfr ekuo dh izfrfØ;k

gh izR;qÙkj gS] fdUrq izR;sd euksHkko :i ,d gh izR;qÙkj mRiUu djs] ;g vko';d ugha gSA

izR;qÙkj dh fn'kk izR;sd O;fDr ds fiNys vuqHkoksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA fdlh O;fDr dk



fiNyk vuqHko mlesa izR;qÙkj mRiUu djrk gSaA vr% ;fn fdlh O;fDr dk fiNyk vuqHko

ykHknk;h jgk gS rks izR;qÙkj ,d fo'ks"k izcyrk ls mRiUu gskrk gSa] rRi'pkr~ mlesa ,sls

euksHkko Ckkj&ckj vkrs gSA D;k lh[kuk gS bldk Lej.k j[kuk gh /kkj.k 'kfDr gSA

,d miHkksDrk ,d gh czk.M dh oLrq rc rd [kjhnrk gS] tc rd mldk fiNyk

vuqHko ykHkdkjh jgrk gSA tc Hkh og fdlh lqij cktkj esa tk,xk rks mlds euksHkko mlh

czk.M ds fy, mHkjsaxs vkSj mlh czk.M dh oLrq [kjhnsaxsA fdUrq ;fn vftZr izR;qÙkj ;k vknr

izcy ugha gksrh gS rks og izR;qÙkj ;k vknr /khjs& /khjs lekIr gks tk;sxh vkSj miHkksDrk Ø;

czk.M dks Hkwy tk;sxkA /kkj.k 'kfDr dk blesa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gSA

(iv) fo'okl rFkk euksofÙk;k¡ (Belief and Attitudes):

fo'okl ,d ,slk Kku] fu"Bk vFkok /kkj.kk gS tks tk¡ph & ij[kh ;ksX;rk ij

fuHkZj djrk gSA20 fo'okl ,d fooj.kkRed fopkj gS ftls ,d O;fDr fdlh ds lEcU/k esa

cuk, j[krk gSA ;g fooj.kkRed fopkj fdlh Hkh vU; O;fDr ;k oLrq ds lEca/k esa gks

ldrk gSA fo'okl ,d ,sls Kku ls iznf'kZr gksrk gS] tks ckgjh L=ksrksa ds vuqla/kku ,oa

O;fDrxr vuqHkoksa dh lR;rk ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSA

ekuksofÙk fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh og Hkkouk ;k fopkj gS tks fdlh oLrq] O;fDr] laLFkk

ds izfr j[krk gS rFkk mlh ds vuq:i dksbZ ekufld ,oa HkkSfrd O;ogkj djus dks rRij

jgrk gSA21 izR;sd miHkksDrk viuh euksofÙk ls izHkkfor gksrk gS] og mlh ds vuq:i ns[krk]

lqurk ,oa dk;Z djrk gSA tc dksbZ miHkksDrk fdlh czk.M ;k dEiuh dh oLrq dks ilUn

djrk gS rFkk fdlh vU; oLrq dks ukilUn djrk gS rks ;g mldh euksofÙk dk ifj.kke gSA

euksofÙk fo'okl dks ,oa fo'okl] euksofÙk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA euksofÙk ,oa

fo'okl czk.M ;k mRikn ds izfr ldkjkREkd vkSj udkjkRed izkFkfedrkvksa dks iznf'kZr djrs

gS] tks fd bl rF; dks izekf.kr djrk gS fd fo'okl ,oa euksofÙk Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor

djrs gSA

(v) laosx ;k euksosx (Emotion):

laosx fdlh O;fDr dh mÙksftr ;k mdlh gqbZ n'kk gS] laosx dks vkos'k Hkh dgk

tkrk gSA vr% vkos'k ,oa Hkkokos'k dh n'kk dks gh laosx dgrs gSaA ,slh n'kk esa O;fDr viuk




foosd [kks nsrk gS rFkk Hkkoukvksa ds o'khHkwr gksdj O;ogkj djus yxrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr ds

ifj.kkeLo:i ekuo lq[k] nq%[k] izse] ?k.kk] vk'kk] fujk'kk] xoZ] bZ";Zk] lgkuqHkwfr vkfn izdV

djus yxrk gSA ,d miHkksDrk dk O;ogkj mlds euksosx ls izHkkfor gksrk gS ifj.kkeLo:i

dHkh dHkh {kf.kd :i ls fdlh oLrq dks ilUn djrk gS rks dHkh ukilUn djus yxrk gSA

dHkh fdlh oLrq dks [kjhnus ds izfr ykykf;r gks tkrk gS rks dHkh og mls Nwuk Hkh

ilUn ugha djrk gSA vr% ,d miHkksDrk Hkkokos'k esa tSlk vuqHko djrk gS oSlk gh vkpj.k

djus yxrk gSA

(vi) Nfo rFkk izrhdkRedrk (Image and Symbolizm):

izR;sd O;fDr dh vius efLr"d esa Lo;a dh ,d fo'ks"k Nfo gksrh gS vkSj og mls

cuk;s j[kuk pkgrk gS] blls mls vkRe lUrqf"V gksrh gSA izR;sd miHkksDrk Hkh viuh Nfo ds

vuq:i gh O;ogkj djrk gSA ,d miHkksDrk ml Nfo dks cuk;s j[kus rFkk mHkkjus nksuksa gh

mns';ksa ls mfpr oLrqvksa dk pquko djrk gSA blds vfrfjDr] Nfo dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy,

izrhd ds :i esa oLrqvksa dks Ø; djrk gSA vPNh Nfo dh blh pkgr esa ca/kdj vkneh

reke rjg ds dke vkSj dksf'k'ksa djrk gSA euksoSKkfud :i ls Nfo ds izfr dka'kl gksuk

vPNk gS] ysfdu tc bldh vf/kdrk gks tkrh gS] rks ;g ?kkrd fl} gksrk gSA

8-Ø; vojks/k

(BUYING BARRIERS)

Ø; vojks/k og vojks/k gS tks fdlh Øsrk dks Ø; djus ls jksdrk gS ;k grksRlkfgr djrk

gSA Ø; djrs le; eq[; :i ls rhu vojks/k izLrqr gksrs gSa%

(1) ewY;

(11) lwpuk ;k fo'okl dh deh

(111) mRikn ;k lsokvksa dh vuqiyC/krk

izk;% ewY; fdlh Øsrk dks Ø; djus ls ml le; jksdrk gS tc ewY; Øsrk dh lEink ls

T;knk gksrk gSA nwljk vojks/k lwpuk ;k fo'okl dh deh dk gksuk gSA mRikn ds ykHkksa dh tkudkjh

dk vHkko ;k mRikn ds izfr nh xbZ xkj.Vh esa vfo'okl lkekU;r% fdlh miHkksDrk dks Ø; djus ls

jksdrk gSA rhljk vkSj vafre vojks/k mRikn ;k lsokvksa dh vuqiyC/krk gS tks fd fofHkUu

vdk;Zdq'ky forj.k iz.kkyh ;k nwjxkeh LFkkuksa ds dkj.kksa ls iSnk gksrh gSA vr% rhljk vojks/k Hkh

Øsrk dks Ø; djus ls jksdrk gSA



9- Ø; rjhdk

(BUYING PATTERNS)

miHkksDrk oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa dk Ø; D;ksa] dc] dgak rFkk fdl izdkj djrk gS] ;s lc Ø;

vknrs ^^Ø; O;ogkj dk rjhdk vFkok izk:i** dgykrk gSA izR;sd miHkksDrk dk Ø; O;ogkj ,d

leku ugha gksrk gS] og viuh {kerk ds vuq:i Ø; djrk gSA miHkksDrk ctV v/;;u ds vuqlkj

vf/kdrj miHkksDrk viuh vk; ifjokj ds lnL;ksa vFkok ?kj ds dk;ksZa ij [kpZ djrs gSA ikfjokfjd

lnL; viuh vk; dks ml le; ds fy, cpk dj j[krs gS tc mUgsa Hkfo"; ds fy, ifjokj Ø;

fu;kstu djuk gksrk gSA vr% ;g le>uk egRoiw.kZ gksxk fd ifjokj ds lnL; fdl rjg viuh

vk; dks [kpZ djrs gSA fofHkUu oLrqvksa dks Ø; djus esa tks jkf'k [kpZ dh tkrh gS og cnyrs le;

ds lkFk c<+rh ;k ?kVrh pyh tkrh gSA

nks tukafddh vk;ke vk;q vkSj cPpksa dh la[;k] Ø; rjhds vFkok izk:i dks izHkkfor djrh

gSA ;qok yksx u, mRikn ds izfr [kqyk nf"Vdks.k j[krs gS ij os lpsr gksrs gSA ;qok oxZ ds yksxksa

fd vkSlr vk; of} yksxksa ls de gksrh gS] os viuh vk; dk ,d cM+k Hkkx fopkj'khy vFkok

le>nkjh dh oLrqvksa ij [kpZ djrs gSA ;qok oxZ vkokl] f'k{kk vkSj c<+s gq, ifjokj ds fy, cM+s [kpZ

ugha djrs gSA ;qok ifjokj ;k nEifÙk dh etcwr Ø; vo/kkj.kk fVdkÅ oLrqvksa dks [kjhnus esa T;knk

gksrh gSA v/;;uksa ls Li"V gqvk gS fd iwathxr oLrqvksa dk mRiknu o"kZ 2002&2003 esa 11-76

izfr'kr c<+k] tcfd fiNys o"kZ 2001&2002 esa blesa 4-7 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV jgh FkhA xSj fVdkÅ

miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dk mRiknu o"kZ 2002&2003 esa 7-2 izfr'kr Å¡pk jgk] tcfd fiNys o"kZ

2001&2002 esa blesa 4-9 izf'kr dh of`} jghA iwoZ ds chrs n'kd esa xzkeh.k {ks= dh izfr O;fDr iwath

miHkksx [kpksaZ ij vk/kkfjr v/;;uksa ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gS fd xzkeh.k miHkksDrkvksa dh [kpZ

djus dh bZPNk /khjs&/khjs c<+rh tk jgh gS] fQj Hkh fofHkUu ewY;ksa ds fofHkUu czk.Mksa okys miHkksDrk

oLrqvksa ds miyC/k gksus ij ;g Hkfo";ok.kh djuk dfBu gks tkrk gS fd D;k orZeku Ø; rjhdk

vFkok uewuk vkus okys o"kksaZ esa leku jgsxk ;k ughaA

10- czk.M ilUn ,oa miHkksDrk O;ogkj

(BRAND CHOICE AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR)

czk.M ds izHkkodkjh foi.ku ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd czk.M vkSj mRikn Kku ds izfr Øsrk

D;k tkudkjh j[krk gSA vuqHko crykrs gS fd fofHkUu izdkj ds czk.M izkI; gSA czk.M mudh dherksa

rFkk mRikn fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs gS] blfy, miHkksDrkvksa ds nf"Vdks.k vkSj




mldh vko';drk dks /;ku esa j[kdj czk.M dk fu/kkZj.k djuk pkfg, fd miHkksDrk czk.M dks dSls

ilUn djrk gSA vktdy fofHkUu rjg ds xf.krh; ekWMy gS tks miHkksDrk ds czk.M ilaUnxh ds

O;ogkj ds ckjs esa O;k[;k djrs gSA

czk.M fu"Bk ekWMy ;g fo'okl djrk gS fd Øsrk fdlh fo'ks"k czk.M ds izfr bl rjg dh

izkFkfedrk ;k vknr cuk ysrk gS fd og mlh fo'ks"k czk.M dks ckj&ckj Ø; djrk gS vkSj nwljs

czk.M dks yxHkx udkj gh nsrk gSA bl ekWMy ds vUrxZr ;g ekuk x;k gS fd miHkksDrk cgqr gh

FkksM+k le; fdlh czk.M ilanxh ds fu/kkZj.k esa yxkrk gSA tc rd miHkksDrk dks mudk czk.M

visf{kr larq"Vh nsrk gS] rc rd os nwljs czk.Mksa ds izfr :fp ugha fn[kkrs gS vkSj mudk iz;ksx djuk

ilUn ugha djrs gSA leku :i ls fLFkj czk.M izkf;drk ekWMy mu fofHkUu rjg ds NwVksa vkSj fLFkj

izkf;drkvksa dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gS ftuls izHkkfor gksdj miHkksDrk fofHkUu czk.Mksa dk Ø; djrk gSA

;g ekWMy fo'okl djrk gS fd miHkksDrk dh vxyh ilUn ds ckjs esa Hkfo";ok.kh djuk laHko ugha

gS] ij ;g Hkfo";ok.kh vo'; dj ldrs gS fd miHkksDrk fdlh czk.M dks Ø; djus esa le; dk

fdruk vuqikr dke esa ysxkA vafre czk.M Ø; ekWMy] vfUre czk.M Ø; ds vk/kkj ij fuHkZj fofHkUu

fLFkj izkf;drkvksa dk lewg rS;kj djus esa layXu jgrk gSA KkuktZu ekWMy mu dkj.kksa dh izkf;drk

dks crykrk gS ftuls izHkkfor gksdj miHkksDrk viuh Ø; izkFkfedrkvksa dks le;≤ ij cnyrk

jgrk gSA ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd mijksDr czk.M vfUre ckj [kjhnk x;k Fkk vFkok

vLohdkj fd;k x;k FkkaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa bl ekWMy ds }kjk czk.M ilUnxh vkSj mÙkjorhZ czk.M

izkFkfedrk ds chp ds izHkko & lEcU/k dks tkuk tk ldrk gSA py ?kVd ekdZo ekWMy ;g fo'okl

djrk gS fd czk.M Ø; izkf;drk] vfUre Ø; vkSj lEcaf/kr izfr;ksxh czk.M ds O;kikfjd

vkd"kZ.k ls izHkkfor gksrh gSA izfr;ksxh foi.ku feJ.k ekWMy] miHkksDrk dh czk.M Ø; izkf;drk tks

fofHkUu foi.ku py rRoksa ds izfr Li"V gksrh gS vkSj muls lEcaf/kr inkFkksZa ;k Hkkjksa dh O;k[;k

djrh gS] tks fof'k"V miHkksDrk }kjk Mkys tkrs gSA

vUr esa dqy O;kogkfjd ekWMy fofHkUu izHkkoksa ds lUnHkZ esa czk.M ilUnxh dh O;k[;k djrs

gS tks fuEu izdkj ls gS%

(i) iwoZ izofÙk dk izHkko (czk.M ilUnxh ij miHkksDrk dh orZeku izofÙk dk izHkko)

(ii) vkarfjd lafpr vuqHko dk izHkko (vkarfjd lafpr mÙkstukvksa dk czk.M ilUnxh ij

izHkko)

(iii) miyC/krk dk izHkko (LVkd de gksus dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk czk.M ilUnxh ij izHkko)

(iv) mi;ksfxrk izHkko (czk.M ds mi;ksx djus dk czk.M ilUnxh ij izHkko)



(v) e/;dkyhu vuqHko dk izHkko (czk.M ilUnxh ij e/;dkyhu vuqHko dk izHkko)

bl izdkj ls Øsrk O;ogkj dh lgh O;k[;k ds fy, ;g tkuuk vko';d gS fd Øsrk fdl

izdkj czk.M dks ilUn djrk gS vkSj czk.M fu.kZ;u izfØ;k dks le>rk gSA

11- Øsrk O;ogkj ds fl}kUr

(BUYER ‘S BEHAVIOUR THEORIES)

O;fDr dk Øsrkvksa ds :i esa O;ogkj ,d yEcs le; ls vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa] euksoSKkfudksa vkSj

lekt'kkfL=;ksa dks eksfgr djrk vk;k gS] fdUrq vHkh Hkh bl ckjs esa dksbZ mYys[kuh; tkudkjh

miyC/k ugha gks ikbZ gS ftlls Øsrk O;ogkj ds fl}kUr dks lkekU; :i esa Lohdkjk tk lds] D;ksa

fd muds }kjk fdlh mRikn ds lEca/k esa Ø; O;ogkj dh cgqr lhfer O;k[;k dh xbZ gSA Øsrk

O;ogkj ds fl}kUrksa dks fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS%

(a) vkfFkZd fl}kUr (Economic Theory)

(b) euksoSKkfud fl}kUr (Psychological Theory)

(c) lekt'kkL=h; fl}kUr (Sociological Theory)

(d)miHkksDrk O;ogkj ds vU; O;kid fl}kUr (Others Comprehensive Theory

of Consumer Behaviour)

(a) vkfFkZd fl}kUr (Economic Theory)

miHkksDrk O;gkj dk vkfFkZd fl}kUr vYÝsM ek'kZy }kjk izfrikfnr fd;k x;k tks lhekUr

mi;ksfxrk dh fopkj/kkjk ds leFkZd gSaA miHkksx ds lkFk ekax vkSj cktkj ewY; ds bjknksa ds lkFk

miHkksDrk ilan ds vkilh lEcU/k dks ek'kZy us okLrfod rkSj ij igpkukA vkfFkZd fl}kUr bl

/kkj.kk ij vk/kkfjr gS fd O;fDr foosd'khy Øsrk gksrk gS] ftlds ikl cktkj lEca/kh iwoZ lwpuk,a

gksrh gS] lkFk gh mudks viuh vko';drkvksa vkSj bPNkvksa dk iw.kZ Kku gksrk gSA os bu lwpukvksa ,oa

tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij budk mi;ksx Ø; eqnzk ls vf/kdre lUrqf"V izkIr djus ds fy, djrs gSA

;fn muds ikl lwpuk,a i;kZIr u gksa vkSj mUgsa vf/kdre larqf"V izkIr u Hkh gks] rks Hkh os vius Ø;

O;ogkj dks foosdiw.kZ ekurs gSA vkfFkZd fl}kUr ds vuqlkj vkfFkZd O;fDr dk O;ogkj foosdkRed

gksrk gS] og vius lhfer lk/kuksa ls vf/kd lUrqf"V izkIr djuk pkgrk gSA vr% og fdlh Hkh oLrq

ds Ø; ls iwoZ mlds ewY;ksa dh xq.kksa ;k mi;ksfxrk ls rqyuk djrk gS vkSj tks oLrq de ls de

ewY; esa feyrh gS rFkk vf/kdre mi;ksfxrk iznku djrh gS] og mls gh Ø; djrk gSA ek'kZy us




ewY; dks ifjorZuh; ekuk gS tcfd vU; ?kVdksa dks vifjorZuh; ekudj mi;ksfxrk fl}kUr ds

vk/kkj ij miHkksDrk ds O;ogkj dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k FkkA dbZ vkfFkZd ?kVd tSls fd O;fDrxr vk;]

miHkksDrk vk; dh lEHkkouk] ifjokj dk vkdkj] m/kkj dh lqfo/kk,¡ vkSj cktkj dh fudVrk vkfn

miHkksDrk dks O;fDrxr miHkksx ds fy, viuh vk; dks [kpZ djus ds <ax dks izHkkfor djrs gSA

bl izdkj Ø;&'kfDr ds fy, fuf'pr jde r; gksrh gS vkSj ftldk mi;ksx miHkksDrk

viuh vko';drkvksa ,oa :fp;ksa ds vuqlkj fofHkUu fn, x, ewY;ksa ij fHkUu & fHkUu mRiknksa dks Ø;

djus esa [kpZ djrk gS ,oa vf/kdre mi;ksfxrk izkIr djrk gSA le & lhekUr mi;ksfxrk fu;e

bldk leFkZu djrk gS fd lhfer Ø; 'kfDr mls vf/kdre larqf"V iznku djrh gSA22 ;g ml

fl}kUr ij vk/kkfjr gs ftlds vuqlkj Ø; fu.kZ; cM+s foosdkRed vkSj tkx:d vkfFkZd x.kuk ds

vk/kkj ij fy, tkrs gSA23

miHkksDrk O;ogkj dk vkfFkZd fl}kUr v/kwjk vkSj vokLrfod gSA vFkZ'kkL=h;ksa ds vuqlkj

miHkksDrk larqf"V ds fy, vius ikl miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk mfpr caVokjk djrs gS] ij vDlj ;g

dgk tkrk gS fd os dHkh Hkh mudh larqf"V vksj mi;ksfxrk dks ekius esa leFkZ ugha gksrsA24 bl

ekU;rk dh vU; lhferrk ;g gS fd miHkksDrk ds ikl mu leLr rjhdksa dh tkudkjh gksrh gS

ftuls os viuh bPNkvksa dks lUrq"V dj lds] ij okLro esa miHkksDrk viuh lHkh vko';drkvksa ds

egRo vkSj izdfr ds ckjs esa lEiw.kZ tkudkjh ugha j[krs gSA

vkfFkZd fl}kUr dsoy dher ,oa vk; dk miHkksDrk O;ogkj ij iM+us okys izHkko dks

js[kkafdr djrs gS tcfd vusd vU; ?kVd tSls& vocks/ku] euksofÙk;k] vfHkizsj.kk] lh[kuk ;k

KkuktZu] izfØ;k] lkekftd oxZ rFkk tkfr ij /;ku ugha fn;k x;kA ;g fl}kUr cnyrk ugha gS

fd ekuoh; vko';drk dk fuekZ.k dSls gksrk gS vkSj muesa ifjorZu D;ksa gksrs gSaA vU; 'kCnksa esa ;g

fl}kUr mu ewyHkwr iz'uksa dh mis{kk djrk gS tks ;g iwNrs gS fd mRikn ,oa czk.M izkFkfedrkvksa dk

fuekZ.k dSls gksrk gSA ;g fl}kUr Øsrk&O;ogkj dk Li"Vhdj.k dsoy vkfFkZd ?kVdksa tSls%&

oS;fDrd vk;] LoSfPNd vk;] m/kkj lqfo/kk,¡] dher vkfn ds lUnHkZ esa gh djrk gS vkSj vukfFkZd

?kVdksa dks ekU;rk ugha nsrk gSA

vkfFkZd ekWMy esa lHkh cktkjksa dks leku ekuk x;k gS] tcfd O;ogkj esa ,slk ugha gksrk gSA

lHkh cktkjksa esa dqN fHkUurk,a gksrh gS rFkk muesa fHkUu&fHkUu :fp;ksa okys xzkgd gksrs gSA izR;sd

O;fDr bl fl}kUr dh ekU;rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij Ø; fu.kZ; ugha djrs gSA dHkh&dHkh ewY; de gksus



ij Hkh dqN yksx ml oLrq dks [kjhnuk de dj nsrs gSA ek'kZy dk ;g fl}kUr mRikn rFkk czk.M

ojh;rk ds ewy iz'u dks gh udkj nsrk gS tks fd Ø; fu.kZ;ksa esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA

Øsrk&O;ogkjksa dk vFkZ'kkL=h; fl}kUr Øsrk dks ,slk foosd'khy izk.kh ekurk gS tks fd

mi;ksfxrk ds vf/kdre djus ds fl}kUr dk vuqlj.k djrk gS vkSj lhekUr mi;ksfxrk gkl fu;e

ds vk/kkj ij Ø;&eqnzk dk forj.k oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh [kjhn gsrq djrk gSA oLrqr% ;g fl}kUr

fujFkZd iqujko`fÙk djus okyk gS vkSj u rks iw.kZr% xyr vkSj u lgh gSA25 bls vkn'kZkRed fl}kUr

ekuk x;k gSA

(b) euksoSKkfud fl}kUr (Psychological Theory)

ekuo O;ogkj dk v/;;u] euksfoKku dk dk;Z{ks= gSA Øsrk O;ogkj ds Li"V vocks/ku esa

euksfoKku ij vk/kkfjr O;ogkj /kkj.kkvksa vkSj euksoSKkfud fopkjksa us cgqr ;ksxnku fn;k gSA

euksfoKku bl ckr dk v/;;u gS fd ekuo ,slk O;ogkj D;ksa djrs gS vkSj muesa ls dbZ fl}kUr

miHkksDrk O;ogkj dh O;k[;k djus esa mi;ksxh fl} gqvk gSA euksoSKkfud fl}kUr ekuoh; xq.kksa]

ekuo ds O;ogkj] mlds izjs.kkvksa] mlds vocks/ku] mlds euksofÙk;ksa] mlds O;fDrRo vkSj og dSls

lh[krk gS vkfn ds v/;;u ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA ;g lHkh ?kVd miHkksDrk O;ogkj dks le>us esa

lgk;d gksrs gSaA26 miHkksDrk O;ogkj ls lEcaf/kr egRoiw.kZ euksoSKkfud fl}kUr fuEu gS%

(i) mÙkstuk & izR;qÙkj KkuktZu fl}kUr (The Stimulus – Response Learning

Theory):

yksx D;ksa vkSj dSls fl[krs gS rFkk dSls fuf'pr tkudkjh izkIr djrs gS vkfn

ekuoh; O;ogkj ds ewy igyw gSA KkuktZu ls rkRi;Z vkpj.k esa gq, ml ifjorZu ls gS] tks

vuqHko ,oa O;ogkj ls mRiUu gksrk gSA mÙkstuk izR;qÙkj KkuktZu fl}kUr (,l-vkj-fl}kUr)

:lh euksoSKkfud ikoykso ds }kjk fd, x, ijh{k.kksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA bl fl}kUr dh izsj.kk

mUgsa vius dqÙks ds O;ogkj ls feyh Fkh] os vius dqÙks dks [kkuk f[kykus ls igys lnSo ?k.Vh

ctkrs FksA dqN gh le; esa mUgksusa dqÙks dks ;g fl[kk fn;k fd ?k.Vh ctkus ij ykj Vidk

ns] pkgs mls [kkuk fn;k tk,a vFkok ughaaA ikoykso us fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd KkuktZu thou

ls tqM+k gS vkSj vf/kdka'k O;ogkj blh ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA27 ckn esa vusd euksoSKkfudksa us

pwgksa] i'kqvksa rFkk vUrr% euq";ksa ij bl lEcU/k esa ijh{k.k fd,A

KkuktZu dh izfØ;k pkj vk/kkjHkwr ?kVdksa tSls% izsj.kk,¡] euksHkkoksa] izR;qÙkj rFkk

iqu:Ùkstuk vFkok izcyhdj.k ij vk/kkfjr gSA izsj.kk,¡ (vko';drk ,oa izsj.kk) ,d mÙkstd




'kfDr gS] tks Hkhrj ls mBrh gS rFkk fdlh dk;Z dks djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA euksoSKkfud

,slh izsj.kkvksa dks nks oxksZa esa foHkkftr djrs gS & izFke] ekufld izsj.kk,¡ ,oa f}rh; Kkr

izsj.kk,aA euksHkko Hkh mÙkstd izsj.kk,a gS] fdUrq izsj.kkvksa dh rqyuk esa detksj gksrs gSA

euksHkko dc] dgka o dSls iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsrs gSA euksHkko ds izfr ekuo dh izfrfØ;k gh

izR;qÙkj gS] fdUrq izR;sd euksHkko :i ,d gh izR;qÙkj mRiUu djs] ;g vko';d ugha gSA

izR;qÙkj dh fn'kk izR;sd O;fDr ds fiNys vuqHkoksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS] fdlh O;fDr dk

fiNyk vuqHko mlesa izR;qÙkj mRiUu djrk gSA vr% ;fn fdlh O;fDr dk fiNyk vuqHko

ykHkknk;h jgk gS rks izR;qÙkj ,d fo'ks"k izcyrk ls mRiUu gksrk gS rRi'pkr~ mlesa ,sls

euksHkko ckj&ckj mRiUu gksrs gSA

KkuktZu ls rkRi;Z vkpj.k esa gq, ml ifjorZu ls gS] tks vuqHko ,oa O;ogkj ls

mRiUu gksrk gSA ewY;] fdLe] czk.M] iSdst vkfn mRikn fo'ks"krk,¡ ml mRikn ds ckjs esa

euksHkko ;k vkdfr mRiUu djrs gS] tks miHkksDrk ds izR;qÙkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA foKkiu]

foØ; laoZ}u vkfn fØ;k,a Hkh mRikn ds izfr Øsrk esa euksHkkoksa ;k mldh vkdfr dks tUe

nsrh gSA euksHkko ds izfr tc izR;qÙkj feyrk gS rks miHkksDrk ml mRikn dks Ø; djrk gSA

izR;qÙkjksa dh izcyrk gh miHkksDrk dks ckj&ckj mlh mRikn dks Ø; djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA

vuqHko o lh[k ds vuq:i fd;k x;k O;ogkj vknr cu tkrh gSA

mÙkstuk izR;qÙkj KkuktZu fl}kUr foi.ku esa ykHknk;d gSA ;g fl}kUr crykrk gS

fd fdlh oLrq dh fdLe] fo'ks"krk,¡ vkfn vU; izfrLi}hZ oLrq dh rqyuk esa vf/kd vPNh

gksxh rks Øsrk dk fu.kZ; mlls izHkkfor gksxkA ,l-vkj-fl}kUr u;s mRiknksa vkSj czk.Mksa ds

foi.ku] czk.M vknrksa dks tkuus ,oa foØ; lao}Zu ;kstukvksa tsls eq¶r uewuksa ds forj.k

vkfn ij ykHknk;d jgk gSA ;g fl}kUr izHkkodkjh foKkiu O;wg jpuk ds {ks= esa ekxZn'kZu

djrk gSA vr% mudksa izHkkoh cukdj xzkgdksa dks Ø; gsrq izsfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(ii) xsLVkYV fl}kUr (The Gestalt Theory):

xsLVkYV euksfoKku ftls lkekftd foKku dgk tkrk gS] Øsrk O;ogkjksa ds v/;;u

gsrq Øsrk rFkk mlds okrkoj.k dks vfHkUu ekuus ij cy nsrk gS vkSj mu fofHkUu y{;ksa ij

/;ku dsfUnzr djus dh vko';drk izdV djrk gS ftudh izkfIr gsrq O;fDr iz;kl djrk gSA

Øsrk O;ogkjksa ds Li"V vocks/ku vkSj mlds dqy okrkoj.k dks le>us esa xsLVkYV euksfoKku

dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA



1930 esa dqrZ ysfou }kjk xsLVkYV fl}kUr esa dqN mi;ksxh la'kks/ku fd, x,A ysfou

ds Lohdr rF; gS fd ekuo dk thou tfVy euksoSKkkfud {ks= ds izHkkoksa ls f?kjk jgrk gSSSSA

,d O;fDr dk dk;Z {ks= vFkok thou LFkku dn~kfpr O;fDr;ksa ds O;ogkj ds le; mlds

okrkoj.k vkSj O;fDrxr lEcU/kksa ds dqy orZeku ?kVdksa ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA28 ysfou ds

vuqlkj O;fDr viuh euksoSKkfud] lkekftd vko';drk,¡ lkFk ykrs gS ftuls os O;fDrxr

rFkk lkewfgd :i ls O;Dr djrs gSA ysfou ds rF; xsLVkYV fl}kUr esa mi;ksxh la'kks/ku

djrs gSA

miHkksDrk O;ogkj dks le>us ds fy, ,d foi.kudÙkkZ dks mu okrkoj.kh; lEca/kksa

dks Hkh le>uk pkfg, ftlls miHkksDrk izHkkfor gksrs gSA foi.kudÙkkZ bls le>us ds

i'pkr gh mudh vko';drkvksa dks lUrq"V djus dk iz;Ru djrs gSA xsLVkYV fl}kUr

foi.ku dk /;ku mu fn'kk esa dsUnzh;Hkwr djrk gSA ftuls miHkksDrk vius m}s';ksa vkSj

dYiukvksa dks tkurk gS] ftudk vDlj og lkeuk djrs gSA vocks/ku esa euks;ksx vkSj

Hkk"kkUrj.k (O;k[;k) nksuksa lfEefyr gSA29

tc miHkksDrk vocks/ku vkSj eukso`fÙk;ksa ds chp okLrfod vUrj dk vuqHko djrk gS

rc ifj.kkeLo:i laKku fookn mRiUu gks tkrs gS] miHkksDrk ,sls fookn dks ukilUn djrs

gSA foi.kudÙkkZ bu fooknksa ds dkj.k izHkkfor gksrs gS] ifj.kkeLo:i foi.kudÙkkZ laKku

fooknksa dks nwj djus ds fy, foKkiu vkSj oS;fDrd foØ; dk lgkjk ysrs gSA ,slk djus ls

Ø; ck/kk,a nwj gksrh gS vkSj miHkksDrk ;g lkspus yxrk gS fd mldk Ø; fu.kZ; Bhd gS]

blds vfrfjDr foi.ku dk;ZØe Hkh izHkkoh curs gSA

(iii) euksfo'ys"k.kkRed fl}kUr (The Psychoanalytical Theory):

euksfo'ys"k.kkRed fl}kUr ds fodkl dk Js; flxeu Qz;wM dks gSA ;g fl}kUr

ekuo O;fDrRo ds rhu rRoksa ij vk/kkfjr gS% uSlfxZd ;k ewy izo`fÙk;k¡ mldh ekufld

'kfDr dk ewy L=ksr gksrh gS] tks ml O;fDr dks fdlh dk;Z ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSA ije~

vge~ O;fDrRo dk nwljk rRo gS] tks fdlh O;fDr dh vUrZvkRek dks izdV djrk gSA ije~

vge~ O;fDr dks ogh djus dh izsj.kk nsrk gS] tks lkekftd :i esa ekU; gSA vge~ ewy

izofÙk;ksa dk ltx ,oa foosdiw.kZ funsZ'kd gSA O;fDr dk vge~ mls viuh ewy izofÙk;ksa dks

lUrq"V djus dh izsj.kk nsrk gSA pwafd ewy izofÙk;ksa esa dqN vlkekftd ;k i'kq izofÙk;k¡




Hkh gksrh gS vr% dHkh & dHkh vge~ O;fDr dks ,slh izofÙk;ksa dks larq"V djus ds fy, izsfjr

dj ldrk gSA

O;fDrRo ds bu rhuksa rRoksa esa ije~ vge~ gesa vkn'kZ O;ogkj djus dh izsj.kk nsrk gSA

nwljh vkSj O;fDr esa ewy ;k uSlfxZd izofÙk;k¡ Hkh gksrh gS] tks vPNh ;k cqjh] lkekftd ;k

xSj & lkekftd Hkh gks ldrh gSA vr% ije~ vge~ ,oa uSlfxZd izofÙk;ksa esa }Un gksrk gSA

fdUrq] O;fDRo dk rhljk rRo vge~ bu nksuksa rRoksa esa lUrqyu LFkkfir djrk gSA vge~

vkn'kZ O;ogkj ,oa ewy izofÙk;ksa ds chp e/;LFkrk djrk gS vkSj nksuksa dks gh lUrq"V djus esa

lgk;rk djrk gSA euksfo'ys"k.kkRed fl}kUr ,d fo'ks"k mRikn vkSj czk.M ds Ø; gsrq

O;fDr;ksa ds okLrfod izsj.kkvksa dks le>us esa cktkjdÙkkZvksa dks enn djrk gSA

bl izdkj euksfo'ys"k.kkRed fl}kUr O;fDr;ksa ds ekufld fo'ys"k.k ij gh vk/kkfjr

gSA bl fl}kUr ds vuqlkj O;fDr lkekU;r% os gh oLrq,¡ [kjhnrk gS] tks lkekftd :i ls

ekU; ,oa ojh;rk izkIr ewy izofÙk;ksa dks lUrq"V djus ds fy, vko';d gksrh gSA bl dkj.k

foi.kudÙkkZ dks ;g vuqHko gks x;k gS fd miHkksDrk Ø; dks lkekftd :i ls ekU;rk

iznku djuh pkfg,A

(c) lekt'kkL=h; fl}kUr (The Sociological Theory)

euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gS rFkk LoHkkor% og lewg esa jguk ilUn djrk gSA lekt esa gh

og tUe ysrk gS] fodflr gksrk gSA lewg ds fu;eksa] izfrekuksa] jhfr&fjoktksa] ekU;rk,¡ rFkk ijEijk,¡

O;fDr ,oa mlds O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA miHkksDrk dk O;ogkj mlds lekt ,oa ifjokj ds

lnL;ksa ds lkekftd O;ogkj ,oa laLdfr ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr mi & lkaLdfrd

?kVd] O;fDrRo ,oa izkFkfed lewg (tSls & ifjokj] ?kfu"V fe=] iM+kSlh] lgdehZ vkfn) mlds


bl fl}kUr ds izfriknd FkkslZVhu oscysu gSA oscysu ,d iqjkruoknh vFkZ'kkL=h Fks] fdUrq

ckn esa lkekftd fopkjd cu x;sA vr% mu ij lkekftd ekuo foKku dk fo'ks"k izHkko FkkA

Qyr% os euq"; dks ,d lkekftd i'kq le>rs Fks rFkk mudk ;g ekuuk Fkk fd izR;sd euq"; dh

vko';drk,¡] bPNk,¡ rFkk O;ogkj ml lewg ls izHkkfor gksrk gS] ftlesa og euq"; jgrk gSA

FkkslZVhu oscysu us fofHkUu oxksZa ls lEcaf/kr O;fDr;ksa dh miHkksx vknrksa dk v/;;u fd;k vkSj ik;k

fd mudh Ø; izsj.kk,¡ viuh vko';drkvksa ls izHkkfor ugha gksrh gS] mlls dgha T;knk viuh



izfr"Bk dks cuk,¡ j[kus esa gksrh gSA30

lekt'kkL=h fl}kUr esa crk;k x;k fd miHkksDrk dk LoHkko

,oa O;ogkj mlds] laLdfr] mi laLdfr] lkekftd oxZ] ifjokj] lanHkZ] lewg vkSj izkFkfed lewg

(tSls&ifjokj] ?kfu"V fe=ksa] lgdehZ iM+kSlh vkfn) ls izHkkfor gksrk Gsa

foi.kudÙkkZ dks ;g fu/kkZfjr djuk iM+rk gS fd fofHkUu lkekftd lewg ds yksx lkekU;r%

fdl izdkj ,oa izeki dh oLrq,¡ [kjhnrs gS vFkkZr lekt dk dkSulk Lrj mRikn dh ekax ij lcls

vf/kd izHkko Mkyrk gS rkfd os viuh laLFkk dk mRikn fu;kstu mlh ds vuq:i dj ldsA

foi.kudÙkkZ vius xzkgdksa dks muds lkekftd vkSj lkaLdfrd fHkUurk ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdr dj

ldrs gSA ;g bl izdkj ds foHkfDrdj.k ds fy, ykHknk;d vk/kkj gSA

(d) miHkksDrk ds vU; O;kid fl}kUr (Other Comprehensive Theories of

Consumer Behaviour)

miHkksDrk O;ogkj ds mi;qZDr lHkh fl}kUr vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa] lekt'kkfL=;ksa] euksoSKkfudksa vkfn

us fodflr fd;s gS] fdUrq foxr dqN o"kksZa esa dqN fl}kUr foi.ku'kkfL=;ksa us Hkh fodflr fd, gSA

tks fd fuEufyf[kr gSS%

(i) fudksfl;k ekWMy (The Nicosia Model):

QzklsLdks fudksfl;k]31 tks miHkksDrk O;ogkj ds v/;;u esa vxz.kh fo}ku Fks] mUgksusa 1966 esa

,d O;kid ekWMy izfrikfnr fd;k] ftlls miHkksDrk O;ogkj dh izfØ;k dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk

ldsA vr% bl ekWMy dks ^^fudksfl;k ekWMy** ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl ekWMy esa QeZ dh

fØ;kvksa ,oa miHkksDrk ds chp lEca/k LFkkfir djus dk iz;Ru vFkok iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA

fudksfl;k ekWMy esa ;g ekuk x;k gS fd QeZ dh fØ;k,¡ miHkksDrk dks izHkkfor

djrh gS vkSj ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i miHkksDrk Ø; fu.kZ; djrk gSA tc QeZ dk fdlh

mRikn ds lEca/k esa dksbZ lUns'k (foKkiu] foØ;drkZ ;k vU; izdkj ls ) miHkksDrk ds ikl

tkrk gS rks mlds eu esa mRikn ds lEca/k esa dksbZ u dksbZ /kkj.kk vo'; curh gSA bl

/kkj.kk ls izsfjr gks dj og ml mRikn dh [kkst ,oa ewY;kadu djuk izkjEHk dj ldrk gSA

;fn [kkst ,oa ewY;kadu ds ckn mRikn ds lEca/k esa miHkksDrk dh /kkj.kk ldkjkRed gksrh gS

rks mldh /kkj.kk Ø; fu.kZ; esa cny tkrh gSA fudksfl;k us vius ekWMy dh bl lEiw.kZ

izfØ;k dks fØ;k & fo'ys"k.k@ O;k[;k dk uke fn;k gSA




fudksfl;k us ^^fØ;k fo'ys"k.k** ds pkj pj.k crk;s gS% izFke pj.k esa QeZ ,oa

miHkksDrk ds y{k.kksa dk esy gksrk gSA tc QeZ dk mRikn lans'k miHkksDrk ds ikl i¡gqprk gS

rks miHkksDrk ds eu esa mRikn ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ u dksbZ /kkj.kk mRiUu gksrh gSA ;g /kkj.kk

gh nwljs pj.k@ {ks= dk fuos'k gksrk gSA nwljs pj.k ;k {ks= esa miHkksDrk ml /kkj.kk dks

iq"V djus ds fy, ml mRikn dh [kkst djrk gS rFkk mudk Hkh ewY;k¡du djrk gSA ;fn

[kkst ,oa ewY;k¡du ds ckn mlesa mRikn ds Ø; dh izsj.kk tkxr gksrh] gS rks og vxys

pj.k esa c<+rk gSA ;g izsj.kk gh vxys pj.k ds fy, fuos'k dk dke djrk gSA rhljs {ks=

vFkok pj.k esa miHkksDrk ml mRikn ds Ø; dk fu.kZ; djrk gS rFkk Ø; djus gsrq

vko';d dk;Zokgh djrk gSA pkSFks pj.k vFkok {ks= esa miHkksDrk ml Ø; fd;s x;s mRikn

dk mi;ksx djrk gSA ;gh lEiw.kZ iz.kkyh dk ifj.kke ;k mRiknu gSA mRikn ds mi;ksx ds

ifj.kkeksa dh QeZ tkudkjh Hkh izkIr djrh gS tks QeZ ds fy, izfriqf"V gksrh gSA

(ii) gksokMZ & lsB ekWMy (The Howard – Sheth Model):

bl O;kid ekWMy dk fodkl tkWu gksokMZ rFkk txnh'k lsB us fd;k gSA32 blfy,

bls gksokMZ&lsB ekWMy rFkk txnh'k ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl ekWMy esa miHkksDrk

O;ogkj dh O;oLFkk ds fy, vusd ?kVdksa dks dke esa fy;k x;k gSA gksokMZ&lsB ekWMy

O;k[;k djrk gS fd ,d miHkksDrk fdl izdkj miyC/k mRiknksa dh rqyuk djds viuh

vfHkyk"kkvksa vFkok bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, fdlh ,d dks ilUn djrk gS vFkok pqurk gSA

bl ekWMy esa ;g ekuk x;k gS fd miHkksDrk ,d lEiw.kZ iz.kkyh gS] ftlls izsj.kkvksa

dk fuos'k ;k vknku fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mRiknu ;k ifj.kke miHkksDrk esa mRikn Ø; ds

lkFk&lkFk iw.kZ gks tkrk gSA fuos'k ;k vknku rFkk mRiknu ;k iznku ds chp vusd ?kVd

gksrs gS] tks miHkksDrk dh lksp ,oa lh[k dks izHkkfor djrs gSA bu py ?kVdksa dks dkYifud

ekuk tkrk gS D;ksa fd bUgsa okLro esa ekik ugha tk ldrk gSA ekWMy dks pkj vyx &

vyx Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS% fuos'k vFkok mÙkstukvksa dk izn'kZu] vocks/ku fuekZ.k] KkuktZu

fuekZ.k vkSj mRiknu ;k ifj.kkeA vknku ;k fuos'k py ?kVd miHkksDrk okrkoj.k ds rhu

míhiuksa ls cus gksrs gS mRikn dh HkkSfrd fof'k"Vrk (egRo ;k lkFkZdrk) vkSj euksoSKkfud

;k mRikn dh izrhdokn fof'k"VrkA foi.kudÙkkZ }kjk mRikn lEcU/kh lwpuk,¡ miyC/k djkbZ

tkrh gSA rhljs izdkj dk míhiu gS% miHkksDrk dk lkekftd okrkoj.k (mldk ifjokj]

lanHkZ lewg vkSj lkekftd oxZ)A



vocks/ku fuekZ.k ;k py ?kVdksa esa ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd dSls miHkksDrk fuos'k vFkok

vknku míhiu vkSj vU; ekWMy ds Hkkxksa ls lwpuk,¡ vftZr djrk gSA ,d ckj tc miHkksDrk

}kjk mnhiu dks le> fy;k tkrk gS] rks KkuktZu fuekZ.k mlds fy, egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA

KkuktZu fuekZ.k gS% izsj.kk] ilUn dlksfV;k¡ vFkok ilUn vk/kkj] euksofÙk;ka] czk.M O;kidrk]

fo'okL;rk] lUrqf"V vkfnA fofHkUu izdkj ds vocks/ku vkSj KkuktZu dh ikjLifjd fØ;k

(vkil esa tqM+uk) ds ifj.kkeLo:i Øsrk dk fdlh fof'k"V mRikn ;k czk.M ds izfr n<+

ekufld fopkj (opuc}rk) cu tkrs gSA

O;fDr dk Ø; O;ogkj mRiknu ;k ifj.kke gSA Ø; ds i'pkr miHkksDrk ds ikl

;g volj gksrk gS fd og bl ckr dk ewY;kadu djsa fd mlds }kjk fd, x, mRikn

lEca/kh fu.kZ; ls mls i;kZIr larqf"V feyh gS ;k ughaA Øsrk ds bjknksa esa ifjorZu mlds Ø;

vuqHkoksa] czk.M O;kidrk] euks;ksx ,oa euksofÙk;ksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i fopkjksa esa ifjorZu vkuk

gSA Øsrk ds Ø; bjknksa dks lkekftd ?kVd vkSj vuqekfur Hkkoh fLFkfr;ka izHkkfor djrh gSA

(iii) ,axy] dksysV ,oa CySdoSy ekWMy% (The Engle, Kollet and Blackwell

Model):

gksokMZ&lsB ekWMy dh rjg ,axy dksysV ,oa CySdosy us Hkh miHkksDrk O;ogkj dh

O;k[;k gsrq ,d O;kid ekWMy dk fodkl fd;kA33 bl ekWMy esa pkj ewy ?kVd 'kkfey gS%

dsUnzh; fu;a=.k bdkbZ] lwpuk izfØ;k] fu.kZ; izfØ;k vkSj okrkoj.k izHkkoA

dasUnzh; fu;a=.k bdkbZ] lwpuk vkSj vuqHko ds laxzg] ewY;kadu dlkSVh] euksofÙk;ksa

vkSj O;fDrRo ls cuk gksrk gSA ;s pkjksa py ?kVd O;fDr ds ekufld vFkok ckSf}d izfØ;k

ij izHkko Mkyrs gSA lwpuk izfØ;k ds ?kVd] miHkksDrk ds p;u&'khy mUeqfDr] euks;ksx]

le> vkSj mRikn o czk.M ls lEcaf/kr lwpuk dh /kkj.kk&'kfDr ds laxr vFkok le:i gSaA

fu.kZ; izfØ;k ds ?kVdksa dk ekWMy okrkoj.kh; izHkko Mkyrs gS tks miHkksDrk ds fu.kZ;

izfØ;k dks izR;sd pj.k ij izHkkfor djrs gSA izeq[k okrkoj.kh; ?kVd gS% vk;] laLdfr]

ifjokj] lkekftd ,oa 'kkjhfjd fLFkfrA




12- fu.kZ;ksaijkUr fookn

(POST DECISION DISSONANCE)

fu.kZ;ksijkUr fookn xsLVkYV fopkj/kkjk ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftls fyvks QsfLVUtj }kjk

izfrikfnr fd;k x;kA34 bl fl}kUr ds vuqlkj izR;sd O;fDr laKku&jpukvksa ds vuq:i iz;Ru

djrk gS ,oa vius thou dks vkjkenk;d cukus ds fy, fparkvksa esa deh ykus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA

tc dksbZ O;fDr fu.kZ; ysrk gS rc lnSo mlds lkeus dqN fookn ;k foLojrk mRiUu gks tkrs gSA

,sls fookn ;k foLojrk dk dkj.k fu.kZ;drkZ dk ;g Kku gksrk gS fd veqd fu.kZ; ls dqN ykHk Hkh

gS vkSj uqdlku Hkh gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa fookn ;k foLojrk ml le; mRiUu gksrk gS tcfd miHkksDrk

ds ikl fdlh fof'k"V oLrq ds ckjs esa nksuksa izdkj dh vFkkZr~ fojks/kh lwpuk,¡ miyC/k gksaA

fookn ,d ,slk euksoSKkfud fookn gS tks fdlh mRikn ds Ø; fu.kZ; ds ifj.kkeLo:i

mRiUu gksrs gS] blfy, bls fu.kZ;ksijkUr dh fpark vFkok O;xzrk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA izR;sd miHkksDrk

tc ,d mRikn dks Ø; djrk gS rks mls miyC/k fofHkUu fodYiksa esa ls p;u djuk gksrk gS]

ifj.kkeLo:i og ,d dks rks ilan ,oa vU; mRikn dks vLohdr djrk gSA fdlh mRikn dks Ø;

djus ds i'pkr~ mlds eu esa dqN fpark,¡ fodflr gks tkrh gS] tks mlds }kjk p;fur fodYiksa esa

O;kIr dfe;ksa vFkok fojks/kh lwpukvksa ds dkj.k gks ldrs gSA

miHkksDrk }kjk vLohdr mRikn laKku&fookn mRiUu dj nsrs gSA fy;ks QsfLVUtj dk ;g fopkj

^^fu.kZ;ksijkUr fookn** ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA vr% Øsrk dks vLohdr fodYiksa dk vkd"kZ.k] pqus

gq, fodYiksa ds udkjkRed igyw] vusd fodYiksa dh miyC/krk] ilanxh dh lekurk,¡] foxr vuqHko

rFkk mRikn ds ckjs esa KkukHkko vkfn ?kVdksa dh tkudkjh gksrh gS tks fd mldh fpark dk dkj.k

curh gS]35 ifj.kkeLo:i fparkvksa dh ;g n'kk,¡ fu.kZ;ksijkUr fookn dk funsZ'ku djrh gSA bu

ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vUrxZr miHkksDrk fuEufyf[kr izfrfØ;k djrk gS%

(i) mlds Lo;a ds }kjk izkIr dh xbZ lwpuk,¡ fo'okl fnykus dk iz;Ru djsxh] tks mRikn

Ø; esa lgk;d gksxhA

(ii) og mu lwpukvksa ds L=ksr ls vyx jgsxk tks fd mlds Ø; fo'okl dks de djrs gSA

(iii) vLohdr mRiknksa ds ifj.kkRed xq.k vkSj mRikn Ø; ds /kukRed xq.k ds ckjs esa og

tkudkjh izkIr djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA



vusd O;fDr;ksa dk fopkj gS fd bl fl}kUr dks fu.kZ; iwoZ O;ogkjksa ds Li"Vhdj.k gsrq

iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gS] blds foijhr dqN yksxksa dk ;g ekuuk gS fd vusd n'kkvksa esa

iwoZ&fu.kZ; O;ogkjksa dk i;kZIr Kku djkus esa laKku fopkj/kkjk fl}kUr vf/kd lg;ksx ugha djrk

gSA36 gksyksos tSls fo}ku }kjk fd, x, izk;ksfxd losZ{k.kksa us tks fu"d"kZ izLrqr fd;s gSa os crykrs gS

fd ,slk fookn mu oLrqvksa ds Ø; esa de iSnk gksrk gS tks vfr izyksHku ds lkFk [kjhnh tkrh gSA

blh izdkj ftu Øsrkvksa ds ikl i;kZIr tkudkjh vkSj lwpuk,¡ gksrh gS] os Hkh bl vleatl dh

fLFkfr ls dkQh cps jgrs gSA lokZf/kd fookn ;k vlatlerk mu oLrqvksa ds Ø; fu.kZ; dh

ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mRiUu gksrh gS ftuds vf/kdka'k xq.k leku gksA

vr% Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk O;ogkj v/;;u izdV djrs gS fd tc ^^miHkksDrk fofHkUu

fodYiksa ds vusd xq.kksa vFkok rRoksa dk lkeuk djrs gS rc og laHkor% fu;fer czk.M ilan ds Ø;

dk fu.kZ;u djrs gS ysfdu og viuh okLrfod ilan ds ckjs esa ges'kk vfu'fprrk eglwl djrs

gSA**37

13- Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa miHkksDrk Ø; O;ogkj

(CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN INDIAN CONTEXT)

tula[;k dh nf"V ls Hkkjr fo'o esa nwljs LFkku ij gSA ;agk 600000 xk¡o ,oa yxHkx 5000

dLcs rFkk 'kgj gSA bu dLcksa vkSj 'kgjksa esa fofHkUu vkB dsUnz 'kkflr izns'k gS tgka dqy ns'k dh

turk dk 20 izfr'kr fgLlk fuokl djrk gSA bl ns'k esa 17 fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa dk lewg gS vkSj ;agk

dksbZ jk"Vªh; iz/kku iks'kkd] vknrsa ;k izkFkfedrk ds rjhds ugha gS tSlk fd fodflr ns'kksa esa izk;%

gksrk gSaA miHkksDrk ,oa Øsrk O;ogkj dk cnyrk rjhdk] HkkSxksfyd] lkaLdfrd] /kkfeZd] vkSj {ks=h;

foHksn Hkkjrh; foi.ku iz.kkyh dks izHkkfor djrk gSaA lkekU; Hkkjrh; ,d fuf'pr czk.M ds izfr

dBksj fu"Bkoku gksrk gS vkSj vKku o'k nwljs czk.M dks viukus esa fgpfdpkrk gSA Hkkjrh;

miHkksDrkvksa esa vPNh fdLe ds mRiknksa] mfpr dher vkfn ds izfr tkxfr nsjh ls 'kq: gqbZ gS vkSj

vc ;g fujUrj c<+ jgh gSA

izk;% Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk ds ckjs esa ;g dgk tkrk gS fd og ykxr ds izfr vFkkZr dher ds

izfr vf/kd tkx:d gS vkSj fdLe dks vf/kd egRo ugha nsrk gSA oLrqr% vc ;g ckr izkekf.kd ugha

ekuh tk ldrh gSA Ø;&'kfDr ,oa 'kS{kf.kd Lrjksa ds Åapk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk esa

fdLe psruk dk lapkj rsth ls gqvk gS vkSj gksrk tk jgk gSA Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk fons'kh oLrqvksa dks

Åaps ewY;ksa ij Hkh [kjhnus dks ykykf;r jgrs gSA fons'kh oLrqvksa ds izfr tks yyd vkSj ykylk rsth

ls c<+h gS] og mPp oxZ vkSj e/;e oxZ ds miHkksDrkvksa dh [kjhn lajpukvksa dks izHkkfor djrh gSA

lkekU; miHkksDrk fdLe okyh oLrq dks dher dh rqyuk esa rHkh izkFkfedrk nsrk gS tcfd fdLe ,oa




dher ds chp mfpr vkuqikfrd lEca/k gksA ;fn dher dkQh vf/kd gS rks og fdLe dh mis{kk dj

ldrk gSaA oLrqvksa dh dkQh uhph dhersa Hkh miHkksDrk dks izHkkfor djrh gSA

Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk ds Ø; O;ogkj lkSnsckth dh izofÙk ,oa bjkns dks vfHkO;Dr djrs gSA

xzkeh.k miHkksDrk izk;% lkSnsckth }kjk gh [kjhn djrs gSA i<+s fy[ks izxfr'khy nf"Vdks.k okys

miHkksDrk lkSnsckth rks ugha djrs gS fdUrq bjknk vo'; izdV djrs gS] os izk;% ;g dgdj bjknk

izdV djrs gS fd vc rks dhersa fxj x;h gS vFkok ;g LVkWd rks iqjkuh dherksa okyk gksxk] fdUrq

dherksa esa deh gsrq vR;f/kd ncko ugha Mkyrs gSA Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk vf/kd i<+s fy[ks ugha gS vkSj

iw.kZr% lwfpr ugha gSA Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk oxZ czk.M ds izfr vf/kd tkx:d gksrk tk jgk gS] czk.M

okyh oLrqvksa dks vf/kd fo'oluh;] fdLe okyh vkSj izkekf.kd ekurk gSaA czk.M okyh oLrqvksa ds

fy, vf/kd Åaph dher Hkh nsus dks rS;kj jgrk gSA ;|fi vU; lkekftd] euksoSKkfud ,oa vkfFkZd

Ø;&izsj.kk,a vkSj O;kolkf;d lqfo/kk,¡ Hkkjrh; miHkksDrkvksa ds [kjhn fu.kZ;ksa dks izHkkfor djrh gS]

fQj Hkh lokZf/kd :i ls m/kkj ,oa xkj.Vh lqfo/kk,¡ mUgsa fujUrj iqu[kZjhn gsrq izsfjr djrh gS]

laj{k.k izsj.kk nsrh gS vkSj i;kZIr ek=k esa [kjhn gsrq izksRlkfgr djrh gSA oLrqr% Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk

dh fuEu Lrjh; vkfFkZd fLFkfr us m/kkj ds egRo dks c<+kok fn;k gSA blds vykok lhfer

Ø;&'kfDr ds vR;qÙke lnqi;ksx dks lEHko cukus dh rhoz bPNk us Hkh mUgsa xkj.Vh 'krksZa ds izfr

lEeku izdV djus dks foo'k fd;k gSA

Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk vius fgrksa] :fp;ksa] vf/kdkjksa rFkk dfBukb;ksa ds izfr tkx:d rks gS]

fdUrq os muds ckjs esa lEcaf/kr i{kksa dks f'kdk;r ugha djrs gSA cgqr de i<+s&fy[ks yksx xyr oLrq

dh [kjhn dks viuh ew[kZrk ekudj /khjt dj ysrs gSA i<+s&fy[ks yksx Hkh fuekZrkvksa dks nks"kiw.kZ

oLrqvksa ds ckjs esa izk;% f'kdk;r ugha djrs gSA L=h Øsrk & oxZ oLrqvksa ds mi;qDr u gksus ij

nqdkunkjksa ds lkeus >qa>ykgV izdV djds vkSj oLrq cnyok dj lUrks"k dj ysrk gSA orZeku esa

f'kdk;rh izofÙk dks c<+kok feyus yxk gSA ljdkj Lo;a gh miHkksDrkvksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy,]

fdLe] dher] yscfyax] czkafMax vkfn fØ;kvksa vkSj O;ogkjksa ij fu;a=.k j[krh gSA Hkkjrh;

miHkksDrkvksa dk mPp o e/;e oxZ ,d lkFk vR;f/kd ek=k esa [kjhn djus dh izofÙk dks c<+kok ns

jgk gSA ukSdjh is'ks okyk oxZ Hkh iwjs eghus ds izFke lIrkg esa gh leLr [kjhn djuk vf/kd ilUn

djrk gSA m/kkj dh lqfo/kkvksa us iquØZ; rFkk Hkkjh ek=k esa Ø; dks izksRlkfgr fd;k gSA Hkkjrh;

miHkksDrkvksa dh miHkksx lajpuk;sa rsth ls cnyrh tk jgh gSA e/;eoxhZ; miHkksDrk Hkh vkjke ,oa

lqfo/kk dh oLrq,¡ rFkk xgf.k;ksa ds le;&Je dks cpkus okys ?kjsyw midj.kksa dh [kjhn djus yxs

gSA mÙke iSdsftax ,oa yScfyax okyh oLrqvksa dks miHkksDrk vf/kd ek=k esa [kjhnus yxk gSA Hkkjrh;



miHkksDrk oxZ oLrq ds jax ,oa [kq'kcw dks Hkh viuh ilUn dh izkFkfedrkvksa esa lfEefyr djus yxk

gSA

?kjsyw miHkksDrkvksa dh vk; dk ,d cgqr cM+k Hkkx] vlaxfBr {ks= ds fcuk fdlh xkj.Vh

okys] fcuk czk.M ds [kqys ,oa LFkkuh; mRiknksa dks Ø; djus esa [kpZ gksrk gSA ,d Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk

eq[; :i ls vius ikfjokfjd lewg ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA vkSlru Hkkjrh; xzkgd u, mRikn dks

Lohdkj djus esa le; yxkrk gS vkSj og lwpukvksa ds fy, foØsrkvksa ij fuHkZj jgrk gSA vr%

Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk oxZ dk O;kikfj;ksa esa vf/kd fo'okl ugha gksrk gS vkSj os izk;% larq"Vh dks ysdj

vlarq"V jgrs gSA fQj Hkh Hkkjrh; xzkgd ds O;ogkj esa Vsyhfotu usVodZ vkSj if=dkvksa] eSxthu

vkfn ds izpkj QyLo:i FkksM+k ifjorZu gqvk gSA

14- ewY;kadu ds fy, vko';drk

(NEED FOR FURTHER EVALUATION)

Hkkjrh; lekt foKku vuqla/kku ifj"kn~ (vkbZ- lh- ,l- ,l- vkj-) us izca/k vuqla/kku ij

,d losZ{k.k izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k]38 ftlesa ;g izdV fd;k x;k gS fd miHkksDrk O;ogkj dk

v/;;u foi.ku {ks= esa ,d vNwrk fgLlk gS ftl ij T;knk [kkst ugha dh xbZ gSA miHkksDrk

O;ogkj ds ckjs esa orZeku nkSj esa tks Kku miyC/k gS og miHkksDrk ds O;ogkfjd izfreku ds v/;;u

rd lhfer gSA vuq'kkflr miHkksDrk O;ogkj vHkh rd ckY;koLFkk vFkok izFke voLFkk esa gS ysfdu

;g rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA miHkksDrk O;ogkj ij vuqla/kku lhfer gksus ds dkj.k bl ij vHkh

vuqla/kku dh vko';drk gS] bl voyksdu us eq>s orZeku v/;;u ds fy, vkxs c<+k;k gSA izLrqr

v/;;u ;g tkuus ds fy, fd;k x;k gS fd D;k fofHkUu rRo vFkok dkjd miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn


REFERENCES- I

1. Wroe. Alderson, Dynamic Marketing Behaviour

(Home wood, Illinois: Richard D.Irwin. Inc,1965), P. 184- 210

2. D.R. Saini, Marketing –A Behavioural Approach (Jaipur: Printwell

Publishers,1986),P.2

3. D.R. Saini,op.Cit. P.3

4. James F. Engle etal., Consumer Behaviour (New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston,1968), P.13.




5. Purnell H. Benson, “ Fitting and Analyzing Distribution Curves of Consumer Choice,

“Journal of Advertising Research, March 1965, P.28-34

6. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management (Engle Wood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.

,1966), P. 43-65

7. William J. Stanton, Fundamentals of Marketing Management (New York: Mc Graw

Hill, Inc., 1981), P.86

8. Wroe Alderson, op.Cit. P. 144

9. William D. Wells and Leonard A. Losciuto, Direct observation of Purchasing

Behaviour, ``Journal of Marketing Research”, August 1966, P. 227-233

10. J.C. Gandhi, Marketing-A Managerial Introduction (New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing, Co. Ltd.,1985),P.61

11. Phillip E. Jacob``Social Change and student values “Educational Record”, Vol.41

(1960),P. 338-346

12. Do. Hebb, A Text Book of Psychology (Philadelphia: Sounders,

1966)

13. James F. Engle etal, op.Cit. ,P.147 .

14. Elizabeth H. Wolgast, “Do Husbands or wifes Makes Purchasing, Decision” Journal

of Marketing, vol. 23(october,1958), P. 151-158

15. John W. Thibaut and Harold H, Kelly , The Social Psychology of Groups (new york

John wiley & sons, 1957) chap. 8 .

16 . Philip Kotler op.Cit. P.79

17. Pierre Martineau, “ Social class and Spending Behaviour’’ Journal of Marketing , vol,

23 (October, 1958) P. 121-138

18. William J. Stanton, op.Cit., P.94

19. J.A. Howard and J.N. Sheth, The Theory of Buyer Behaviour (New york: John Wiley

& Sons, 1968), P.89

20. Harold H, KassarJian and thomas S. Robertson (ed.) Perspectives In Consumer

Behaviour (Gienview , illinois Scott, Foresman and Company 1968); P. 60-61

21. David Krech etal’’ Individual In Society (New york: Mc Graw Hill Book Co. ,1962),

chap.5

22. S.A. Sherlekar, Marketing Management, Bombay. Himalaya Publishing House,

1982), P.74



23. Philip Kotler, Behaviour Models for Analyzing Buyers, Journal of Marketing”, Vol.

29 (October, 1965) P. 37-45.

24. Marguerite Burk, Consumpation Economics; A Multidisciainary Approach (New

York; John Wiley & Sons, 1968), P.8

25. Philip Kotler, “Behaviour Models for Analyzing Buyers, The Journal of Marketing”,

Ama, Vol.29 No.4, Oct, 1965, P-37-45.

26. Leon G. Schiffman and Leslie Lazor Kanuk, Consumer Behaviour (Engle Wood

Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall Inc, 1978), P.8

27. Philip Kotler, “Journal of Marketing”, op. Cit.

28. William J. Stantan, op.Cit. P. 112

29. David A, Aaker and John G. Myers, Advertising Management (Engle Wood Cliffs,

N.J. Prentice-Hall Inc, 1975), P.271

30. Philip Kotler, “Journal of Marketing”, op. Cit.

31. Francesco M. Nicosia, Consumer Decision Processes Marketing and Advertising

Implication, (Engle Wood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall Inc, 1966), P.156-188.

32. J. A. Howard and J.N., Sheth, op.Cit, P. 24-49.

33. James F. Engel etal, op.Cit-, P.44-68.

34. Leon Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance illinois : Raw, Peterson, 957 )

35. Ibid .

36. Sadani Oshikawa “Can Cognitive Dissonance Theory Explain Consumer Behaviour “

Journal of Marketing, oct. 1969.P.49 Quoted in Lazer P.476

37. S.C. Mehta and A. Pandya, Predicting New Product Success: Role Product Categary

Related Variables (Ahmedabad” Indian Institute of Management, 1978.)

38. I.C.S.S.R.: A Survey of Research In Management vol. 2. (New Delhi : Vikas

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. ,1977.),P.66-75.

***********




v/;k;&II

vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k

(A) lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk ds fy, izkjfEHkd vuqla/kku

(1) lkekU; vUos"k.kkRed dk;Z

(2) v/;;u {ks= ls lacaf/kr O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk izkjfEHkd

lk{kkRdkj

(B) ifj;kstuk dk vfUre fu;kstu vkSj dk;kZUo;u

(1) ifjdYiuk dk fuekZ.k

(2) iz'uks dh Øec¼rk dk fooj.k

(3) leadks dk laadyu djus ds fy, rkfydk dh rS;kjh vkSj

iwoZ&ijh{k.k

(4) izfrn'kZ izjpuk

(5) laeadks dk ladyu

(6) leadks dk lkj.kh;u

(7) ekiØe

(8) ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p

(9) fo'ys"k.k ,oa fuoZpu

(10) vuqla/kku izfrosnu dh rS;kjh

(11) v/;;u dh lhek,¡

(12) vuqla/kkudrkZ ds lkeus dfBukbZ;k¡



v/;k; & II

vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k

(RESEARCH METHODOLOGY)

Lkkekftd foKku esa vuqla/kku ,d lrr~ izfØ;k gS] ,d 'kk'or fopkj gS tcfd Hkksfrd

foKku esa 'kks/k dh fo"k; oLrq inkFkZ gSA vr% ogk¡ 'kks/k izfØ;k dqN fuf'pr fu;e vkSj vuq'kklu esa

ca/kh jgrh gS] ij O;kogkfjd foKkuksa esa 'kks/k izfØ;k esa yksp dh O;kid laHkkouk;sa jgrh gSA

vuqla/kku ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k] fo'oluh;rk vkSj lkFkZdrk dh tk¡p] izlkekU;rk ls fopyu vkSj

fo"kerk] izk;ksfxd dYiukvksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj ijh{k.k] 'kks/k ;kstuk dk foLrkj gSA leL;k dk

fu/kkZj.k ,oa fu/kkZfjr leL;k ds vuqdwy fo'ys"k.k] fuoZpu vkSj iwokZuqeku ds fy, 'kks/k ;kstuk dk

Øfed pj.kksa esa foHkktu fd;k tkrk gS] 'kks/k ifj;kstuk dk {ks= fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS] Li"V

lhek,¡ le>h tkrh gS ,oa vUrr% 'kks/k izfØ;k dk vk/kkj fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSaA

izLrqr v/;;u ds lanHkZ esa vuqla/kku leL;kvksa vkSj bldh mi;qDrrk dks fu/kkZfjr djus ds

fy, ;g vko';d le>k x;k fd leL;kvksa dk vkuqHkfod v/;;u fd;k tk,] blfy, dk;Zfof/k

dk <kapk bl rjg ls r; fd;k x;k tks bl lEiw.kZ iz;kl dks lgh fn'kk ns ldsA bl vfHkxe dks

ekSVs&rkSj ij fuEu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS%

(a)lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk ds fy, izkjfEHkd vuqla/kku

(PRELIMINARY RESEARCH FOR THE ENTIRE

RESEARCH PROJECT)

(b)ifj;kstuk dk vfUre fu;kstu vkSj dk;kZUo;u

(FINAL PLANNING AND EXECUTION)

(a) lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk ds fy, izkjfEHkd vuqla/kku (PRELIMINARY

RESEARCH FOR THE ENTIRE RESEARCH PROJECT)

(1) lkekU; vUos"k.kkRed dk;Z (General Exploratory Work): vUos"k.k ,d yEcs

le; ls ekuo izk.kh dk :fpiw.kZ fo"k; jgk gSA izR;sd O;fDr lgt gh vU; vuqla/kkudÙkkZ

}kjk igys ls fd, tkus okys dk;ksZa dks ns[kdj [kkst dh Hkkouk tkxzr djrk gSA og igys




ls fd, tkus okys vuqla/kku leL;kvksa dh iqu% vkykspukRed leh{kk djrs gSA vuqla/kku

miyC/k gksus ls u dsoy vUr}Zf"V fodflr gqbZ cfYd vuqla/kku ds fy, lanHkZ <kapk Hkh

rS;kj gqvkA vUos"k.kkRed vuqla/kku dks le>krs gq, Dys;j lsfyt us lq>ko fn;k fd

vUos"k.kkRed vuqla/kku esa ifjdYiukvksa ds izfriknu vkSj vUr}Zf"V ij Hkh tksj fn;k tkuk

pkfg,A vUos"k.kkRed dk;Z vuqla/kkudÙkkZ esa vUos"k.k leL;kvksa ls lEcaf/kr fopkjksa ij tksj

nsrh gSA1

bl pj.k ij 'kks/kkFkhZ us funsZ'kkuqlkj dk;Z fd;k vkSj ;g dk;Z djrs gq, fofHkUu lkfgR;ksa

dks Nk¡Vus dk iz;kl fd;k] rRi'pkr~ mudk iqujkoyksdu fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr izdkf'kr o

vizdkf'kr if=dkvksa] lekpkj i=ksa rFkk fofHkUu L=ksrksa tSls%& 'kS{kf.kd if=dkvksa o iqfLrdkvksa vkfn

dk Hkh lgkjk fy;k x;kA ifjdYiukvksa ds izfriknu vkSj izk;ksfxd lEHkkoukvksa dk irk yxkus ds

fy, vuqHko losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA vuqHko losZ{k.k ds fy, v/;;u esa fofHkUu iz'uksa dh lgk;rk yh

xbZA bu iz'uksa ls v/;;u fo"k; vFkok leL;k ls lEcaf/kr ftu O;fDr;ksa dks vuqHko vkSj Kku gS]

dk losZ{k.k dj muls fopkjksa dks tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA bl rjg vUos"k.k vuqla/kku ds nkSjku

lkfgR; losZ{k.k] vuqHkoh O;fDr;ksa dk losZ{k.k ;k vuqHko losZ{k.k rFkk vUr}Zf"V dks mdlkus okyh

?kVukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k vFkkZr~ fof'k"V mRikn ls lEcaf/kr p;fur ?kVukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k vuqla/kku

vuqHko esa lgk;d fl} gq, gSA2

(2) v/;;u {ks= ls lEcaf/kr O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk izkjfEHkd lk{kkRdkj (Preliminary

Interviews with Related Persons):

lkfgR;ksa dks Nk¡Vusa vkSj iqujkoyksdu ds i'pkr~ 'kks/kkFkhZ us fofHkUu oxZ leqnk; okys

mÙkjnkrkvksa dk vkeus&lkeus dh fLFkfr esa O;fDrxr lk{kkRdkj fd;k tks iw.kZ :i ls vizfrcaf/kr

vkSj vukSipkfjd FkkA lk{kkRdkj ysus dk 'kks/kkFkhZ dk mís'; ;g tkuuk Fkk fd os lkcqu (ugkus ds)

dk Ø; fu.kZ; djrs le; fdu rRoksa vFkok dkjdksa ij fopkj djrs gSA bl rjg mÙkjnkrkvksa ls

vukSipkfjd fopkj foe'kZ djus ds i'pkr~ gh ;g eglwl fd;k x;k fd vuqla/kku ds fy, dkSulh

ifjdYiuk mi;qDr jgsxhA ;g vko';d le>k x;k fd ,slh ifjdYiukvksa dk irk yxk;k tk,

ftldk vc rd dsoy lhfer fodkl gh lEHko gks ik;k gS rFkk ftlesa tfVy ifjdYiukvksa ds

ijh{k.k ds fy, vko';d foLrr iz;ksx ugha fd;s tk ldrs gSA O;fDr;ksa ds vius vuqHko dk

iqujkoyksdu rFkk mudh izfrfØ;k tkuus ds i'pkr~ gh 'kks/kkFkhZ ds fopkj esa vk;k fd vUos"k.kkRed

vuqla/kku dks izk;ksfxd lEHkkoukvksa ds :i esa fodkl djus ij tksj fn;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj yksxksa

dk izfrn'kZ dSlk eglwl djrs gS] blds fu/kkZj.k ds fy, lEHkkoukvksa dk dsoy ekxZizn'kZu ugha



gksuk pkfg,A fQj Hkh] 'kks/kkFkhZ ds fy, ;g dfBu le; Fkk tc mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk bl ckjs esa jk;

tkuus dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k fd lkcqu ds Ø; fu.kZ; djrs le; os fdu rRoksa vFkok dkjdksa ij

fopkj djrs gSa? mÙkjnkrkvksas ds fy, Hkh ;g ,d dfBu le; Fkk] D;ksafd os lkekU;r% bu fofHkUu

rRoksa vFkok dkjdksa ij rHkh fopkj djrs gS tc fd og lkcqu Ø; dj jgs gksrs gSA bu lHkh ds

i'pkr~ Hkh 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk mÙkjnkrkvksa dh jk; tkuus dk vFkd iz;kl fd;k x;kA

(b) ifj;kstuk dk vfUre fu;kstu vkSj dk;kZUo;u (FINAL PLANNING AND

EXECUTION)

vfUre fu;kstu ds dk;ksaZ esa ifjdYiukvksa dk fuekZ.k] leadksa ds ladyu ds fy, rkfydk dh

rS;kjh vkSj iwoZ&ijh{k.k] dkYifud lkj.kh dh rS;kjh vkSj fun'kZu] izjpuk dh ;kstuk vkfn 'kkfey

gSA

;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u esa leadkas dk ladyu] leadksa dh lkj.kh;u] ekiØe] ifjdYiuk dh

tk¡p] fo'ys"k.k ,oa fuoZpu] vuqla/kku izfrosnu dh rS;kjh rFkk lanfHkZdk 'kkfey gSA

(1) ifjdYiuk dk fuekZ.k (Formulation Of Hypothesis):

ifjdYiuk ,d ,slk fopkj vFkok fl}kUr gS ftls vuqla/kkudÙkkZ v/;;u ds y{; ds :i esa

j[krk gS] mldh tk¡p djrk gS] rFkk v/;;u ds fu"d"kZ esa izkDdYiuk ds lR; fl} gksus ij ,d

fl}kUr ds :i esa LFkkfir djrk gS] vlR; fl} gksus ij R;kx nsrk gSA bl izdkj ls izkDdYiuk

,d dPpk fl}kUr gS ftls vuqla/kku esa ijh{k.k ds fy, j[kk tkrk gSA ,Q-,u-dfyZtj us Li"V

fd;k fd ,d izkDdYiuk nks ;k nks ls vf/kd ifjoR;ksZ ds chp lEca/k iznf'kZr djus okyk ,d

vuqekukRed dFku gSA3 xqMs vkSj gk¡V ds dFkukuqlkj] vuqla/kku dk ewy igyw vuqla/kku dks bl

rjg ls LFkkfir djuk gS ftlls rkfdZd vFkok rdZlaxr fu"d"kZ dks fudkyk tk ldsA4 ih-oh-;ax ds

vuqlkj ,d vLFkkbZ ysfdu dsUnzh; egRo dk fopkj tks mi;ksxh vuqla/kku dk vk/kkj cu tkrk gS]

mls ge dk;Zdkjh izkDdYiuk dgrs gSA5

,d ifjdYiuk dk dk;Z ?kVukvksa ds chp fof'k"V lEca/kksa dks bl izdkj O;Dr djuk gS fd

bl lEca/k dk vkuqHkfod ijh{k.k fd;k tk ldsA vr% ifjdYiukvksa dks rS;kj djus esa dYiuk ds

lHkh Lohsd`r fu;eksa dks /;ku esa j[kk x;k] rRi'pkr~ ifjdYiukvksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA

ifjdYiuk dk Lrjhdj.k fd;k tkuk Hkh vko';d FkkA




bl rjg] ifjdYiuk nks Lrjksa ij cukbZ xbZ gS% izFke ,d dsUnzh; ifjdYiuk cukbZ xbZ fd]

lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; miHkksDrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø;

djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA f}rh; Lrj dh ifjdYiuk dk fu:i.k oxhZdr ?kVdksa ds vk/kkj ij

fd;k x;k] tks fuEu gS%

(i) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa ftl le; 18 ls 45 o"kZ ds vk;q

lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA

(ii) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; 46 ls 70 o"kZ ds

vk;q lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(iii) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; iq:"k mÙkjnkrkvksa

}kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(iv) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gsS ftl le; L=h mÙkjnkrkvksa

}kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(v) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; vfookfgr

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSSaA

(vi) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fookfgr

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(vii) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa ftl le; mPp lSd.Mjh ds

uhps f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA

(viii) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa ftl le; mPp lSd.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd ds uhps chp f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA

(ix) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; Lukrd vkSj Åij

f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(x) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa ftl le; lsok dk;Z esa layXu

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(xi) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; O;kikj dk;ksaZ esa

layXu mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA



(xii) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; is'ksoj@ vU; ;k

lsokfuor mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

(xiii) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; :- 600@& ls :-

2600@& izfr eghuk vk; lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA

(xiv) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; :- 2600@& ls

:- 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj

fd;k tkrk gSA

(xv) lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; :- 4600@& vkSj

Åij izfr eghuk vk; lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA

(2) iz'uksa dh Øec}rk dk fooj.k (Statement Of Question Hierarchy):

fofy;e lh- beksjh us viuh iqLrd ^O;olk; vuqla/kku fof/k* (Business Research

Method) esa mYys[k fd;k fd vuqla/kku esa iz'uksa dh Øec}rk gksrh gS ftlesa iz'uksa ds pkj Lrj

'kkfey gksrs gS% izcU/k lEca/kh iz'u] vuqla/kku iz'u] vUos"k.kkRed iz'u vkSj orZeku v/;;u ds lanHkZ

esa ifjekiu leL;kvksa ds fy, iz'uA6

izLrqr v/;;u ds lanHkZ esa izcU/k leL;k gS fd miHkksDrk vU; czk.M dh vis{kk ,d fo'ks"k

czk.M dk gh p;u D;kas djrk gS? vuqla/kku iz'u gS fd D;k miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj dks

fofHkUu rRo vFkok dkjd izHkkfor djrs gS ? vUos"k.kkRed iz'u gS%

(i) D;k lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl

le; fofHkUu vk;q lewg okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS ?

(ii) D;k lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu fyax

lewg okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS ?

(iii) D;k lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu

oSokfgd&fLFkfr okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS ?

(iv) D;k lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu

'kS{kf.kd&i"BHkwfe okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS ?




(v) D;k lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu

O;olk; okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS ?

(vi) D;k lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs ftl le; fofHkUu vk;

lewg okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS ?

(3) leadkas dk ladyu djus ds fy, rkfydk dh rS;kjh vkSj iwoZ&ijh{k.k (Preparation and

Pre-Testing Of The Schedule For Collecting Data):

lead izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d nksuks gh gks ldrs gSA izkFkfed lead vuqla/kkudÙkkZ dks ekSfyd

:i ls ladfyr djus gksrs gS tcfd f}rh;d lead iwoZ esa fdlh vU; }kjk ladfyr gksrs gS ftUgs

vuqla/kkudÙkkZ mi;ksx esa ys ldrk gSA izkFkfed leadkas dks ladfyr djus ds fy, vf/kd le;] Je]

,oa /ku dh vko';drk gksrh gS ysfdu bl rjg ds lead vR;f/kd fo'oluh; gksrs gSA izLrqr

v/;;u izkFkfed leadkas ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA izkFkfed leadksa dks izkIr djus ds ewy lk/ku

gS] vkilh laoknA vkilh laokn esa mÙkjnkrkvksa ls iwNs x, fufnZ"V iz'u 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSA

losZ{k.k midj.k }kjk mÙkjnkrkvksa ls lEidZ LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS vkSj leadkas dks ,df=r djus

dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA vr% losZ{k.k Hkh izkFkfed leadkas dks izkIr djus dk ,d izeq[k midj.k

gSA

rkfydk] vuqla/kku leL;k lek/kku ds fy, vko';d leadksaa ds laxzg gsrq iz;ksx es yk;k

tkus okyk ,d vuqla/kku midj.k gS ftlds vUrxZr lko/kkuhiwoZd pqus gq, iz'uksa dh ,d ,slh lwph

gksrh gS ftuds mÙkj lk{kkRdkjdÙkkZ }kjk mÙkjnkrk ls vko';d lwpuk izkIr djrs gq, Hkjk tkrk gSA

rkfydk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ls lEcaf/kr rF; iz'ukoyh midj.k ls lEcaf/kr rF;ksa tSls gh gSA

t;iqj ftys dk losZ{k.k djus ds fy, rkfydk dh vko';drk eglwl dh xbZAbl rkfydk esa mu

lHkh iz'uksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k tks v/;;u dh nf"V ls vko';d gSA rkfydk dks izcU/k lEca/kh

iz'uksa ds mÙkj izkIr djus ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZA bl rkfydk esa vuqla/kku iz'u vkSj vUos"k.kkRed

iz'uksa dk Li"V mYys[k fd;k x;k] lkFk gh rkfydk ds iz'uksa dh Øec}rk esa izLrqr v/;;u ds

lanHkZ esa ifjekiu leL;kvksa ls lEcaf/kr iz'uksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA tSlk fd iz'uksa dh

Øec}rk dk igys mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gS] og vuqla/kku dh nf"V ls dkQh rkfdZd gSA iz'uksa dh

Øec}rk esa lcls igys ifjp; lEca/kh iz'u vFkkZr oxhZdr ?kVdksa dh tkudkjh vkSj rRi'pkr

izLrqr v/;;u ds lanHkZ esa laf{kIr leadksa dks izkIr djus lEca/kh iz'uksa dh rdZlaxrk ds lkFk leLr

iz'uksa dk Øec} :i ls Li"V mYys[k rkfydk esa fd;k x;kA rkfydk dk <+k¡pk rS;kj djus esa



pkYlZ ,Q- dSuy vkSj jkcVZ ,y- dkUg }kjk fn, lq>koksa ls mfpr ekxZn'kZu feykA vr% muds

vuqlkj rkfydk es nks mís';ksa dks eq[;r;k /;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg, %

(i) izFke] blesa vuqla/kku ds mís';ksa dk fof'k"V iz'uksa esa vuqokn gksuk pkfg,A

(ii) f}rh;] ;g lk{kkRdkjdÙkkZ dks mÙkjnkrkvksa ls vko';d lwpuk,¡ izkIr djus esa (laokn)

izsj.kkFkZd lgk;rk djsA vU; 'kCnksa esa ;g mÙkjnkrkvkas dks izsfjr djus okyh gks ftlls ;g vko';d

lwpuk,¡ lk{kkRdkjdÙkkZ dks ns ldsA7

izLrqr v/;;u esa iz'ukoyh ds LFkku ij rkfydk ;k vuqlwph (Schedule) ds mi;ksx dks

izkFkfedrk nh xbZ gS D;ksa fd %

(a) izfrp;u esa vyx&vyx lk{kj dksfV vkSj oxksZ ds mÙkjnkrkvksa dh fo'kky la[;k Fkh

tks fd fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa QSys gq, Fks] blfy, izR;sd mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk Hkjh xbZ iz'ukoyh dks lgh ugha

ekuk tk ldrk FkkA

(b) blds vykok] iz'ukoyh ls mÙkj izkIr djus dh lEHkkfork Hkh izk;% Å¡ph gksxh A

vr% ^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj % ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)**

fo"k; dk v/;;u iz'ukoyh ds vk/kkj ij ugh fd;k x;k] D;ksa fd blesa fo'oluh;rk dk vHkko

gksrk gSA iz'ukoyh ds LFkku ij rkfydk }kjk miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj dk v/;;u fd;k x;k

gSA viuk;h xbZ rkfydk esa ekud iz'u ,oa mÙkj FksA bldk ekudhdj.k djus dk dkj.k ;g

lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fd lHkh mÙkj nsus okys leku iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsaA iz'uksa ds fn;s tkus okys

mÙkjksa dks nks Jsf.k;ks esa oxhZdr fd;k tk ldrk gS tSls% [kqyk iz'u ,oa cUn iz'uA8 [kqyk iz'u og

gS ftlesa mÙkj nsus okys dks fo"k; fn;k tkrk gS ijUrq mls vius 'kCnksa esa mÙkj nsus dk dk;Z fn;k

tkrk gS tcfd cUn iz'uksa esa lEHkkfor mÙkj iz'u esa gh fn;s gksrs gSa ,oa mÙkj nsus okys dks dsoy

viuh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj lcls vf/kd lEHkkfor (fudVre) mÙkj dks pquuk gksrk gSA fopkj.kh;

rkfydk esa cUn iz'uksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k D;ksa fd budk iz;ksx foi.ku ds {ks= esa 'kks/k dk;Z esa

fd;k tkrk gSA vuqla/kkudÙkkZ dh vUrZ}f"V fdruh rdZlaxr vkSj cqf}erkiq.kZ gS] bruk vf/kd

egRoiw.kZ ugh gS ftruk fd mls vius iz'uksa dk iwoZ ijh{k.k djuk gksrk gSA okLrfod {ks=kuqlkj

dk;Z dks 'kq: djus ls igys rkfydk dh izjpuk dk fu/kkZj.k vkSj iwoZ ijh{k.k Hkh fd;k tkuk

vko';d gksrk gSA

iwoZ ijh{k.k iz'uksa dks vafre :i ls lfEefyr djus dk fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, dh xbZ

vko';d tk¡p gSAbl tk¡p ls gesa iz'u iwNus ds ekxZ esa vkus okyh vn'; leL;kvkas rFkk buds




lek/kku ds mik;ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA iwoZ ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds lkFk fd;k x;k ,d iwoZ iz;kl

gS tks ;g ns[kus ds mís'; ls fd;k tkrk gS fd iz'uksa dh okLrfod fØ;kfof/k D;k gS rFkk D;k

bldh i"BHkwfe esa iz'ukoyh dh yEckbZ] fo"k;oLrq] Hkk"kk] 'kSyh es fdlh izdkj ds la'kks/ku dh

vko';drk gSA iwoZ ijh{k.k mÙkjks esa Øe dh deh dks Li"V djrk gS] iz'uksa ds Øe esa ifjorZu fd,

tkus ij izR;qÙkjks esa vR;f/kd vUrj iznf'kZr djus okys iz'uksa ds Øe dks Li"V djrk gSA rkfydk

dk iwoZ ifj{k.k vuqla/kkudÙkkZ dks mÙkjnkrkvksa ls mi;qDr lEcU/k cukus esa leFkZ cukrh gSA iwoZ

ijh{k.k ds }kjk iz'uksa dh O;k[;k djus vkSj muesa la'kks/ku djus dh vko';drk dks tkuk tkrk gSA

rkfydk esa 'kkfey xyr iz'uksa dks vyx djus esa iwoZ ijh{k.k ykHknk;d gSA vr% rkfydk dh

lekykspuk vkSj iqu% ijh{k.k vR;f/kd ijeko';d gSA ftl rjg ge u, mRikn ds fy, iwoZ ijh{k.k

djrs gS] mlh leku rkfydk ds izjpuk ds fy, rkfydk dk iwoZ ijh{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA fxYcVZ ,-

pfpZy tktZ us blds lanHkZ esa crk;k fd tks vuqla/kkudÙkkZ iz'ukoyh ds iwoZ ijh{k.k vkSj lkj.kh;u

ij /;ku ugha nsrs gS og lh/ks&lkns vFkok ew[kZ gksrs gSA iwoZ ijh{k.k lcls vf/kd lLrk chek gSA

vuqla/kku izfrosnu vkSj iz'ukoyh dh lQyrk dks vuqla/kkudÙkkZ blls fo'oLr dj ldrk gSA9’

vuqla/kku mís';ksa ds fy, rkfydk dks mi;ksx esa ykus ls igys bls izfrn'kZu ds 40

mÙkjnkrkvksa ij iwoZ ijh{k.k fd;k x;k A iwoZ ijh{k.k ds i'pkr~ Hkk"kk esa ifjorZu] Øe esa O;ofLFkr

vkfn dk;Z fd;k x;k o iwoZ ijh{k.k dh lgk;rk ls rkfydk] dkYifud lkj.kh dks rS;kj dh xbZ

ysfdu muesa lead ugha FksA

(4) izfrn'kZ izjpuk (Sample Design):

izfrn'kZu lexz ls mlds ,d ,s'ks va'k dk pquko gS ftlds vk/kkj ij lEiw.kZ lexz ds fo"k;

esa ifj.kke fudkys tkus gSA bls izkphu dky ls gh vuqla/kku dk;Z jhfr ds ,d oS/k ,oa 'kh?kzrk ds

lkFk dk;Z djus ds <ax ds :i esa iz;ksx yk;k tkrk jgk gSA lexz lEiw.kZ fo"k; oLrq vFkok en dk

,d lewg gS ftuds ckjs esa dbZ ;kstuk,¡ cukbZ tkrh gSA bu lexz fo'ks"krkvksa ds ckjs esa Hkfo";ok.kh

izfrn'kZu ds vk/kkj ij gh laHko gSA izfrn'kZu bl lexz dk ,d NksVk lk va'k gSA

lexz ls pqus x, O;fDr;ksa ds fdlh ,d lewg dks ftlesa lHkh O;fDr lfEefyr ugha gksrs gSa

lexz dk ,d izfrn'kZ dgk tkrk gSA10 izfrn'kZu lexz ds fdlh ,d v'ak dks ml lexz ds izfrfuf/k

ds :i esa ysuk gSA11 fdlh Hkh izfrn'kZu iz.kkyh dks viukrs gq, pqus x, izfrn'kZ dks vko';d :i

ls nks 'krksaZ dh iwfrZ djuh pkfg,%



(i) rkfRod ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k lEHko gksuk pkfg,A rkfRod ifjdYiuk izfrn'kZ fo"k;

esa iwoZdYiuk,¡ gSA

(ii) lkekU;hdj.k ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k lEHko gksuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ izfrn'kZ ds fy,

LFkkfir dh xbZ ifjdYiuk dk lexz ij ykxw gksus dh tk¡p lEHko gksuh pkfg;sA

vuqla/kku dks Øec} ,oa izHkkoiw.kZ <ax ls U;wure iz;klksa] le; ,oa ykxr ds lkFk lapkfyr

djus gsrq izjpuk dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA bl rjg v/;;u ls lEcfU/kr lwpukvksa dk

ladyu djus ds fy,] lajpuk esa fufnZ"V leL;kvksa vkSj vuqla/kku izjpuk ds dk;ksZa dks fodflr

djus rFkk lead ladyu ds fy, mu rRoksa dk p;u fd;k x;k tks v/;;u ls lEcfU/kr lwpukvksa

ds ladyu esa lgk;d gksxhA vr% le; vkSj ykxr nksuksa ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr~ 'kks/kkFkhZ us

lkspk fd v/;;u esa izfrn'kZu dk;Zjhfr dks izk;ksfxd mís';ksa ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd;k tk, tks fd

vkfFkZd :i ;s n{k vFkok dk;Zdq'ky gksA

bl rjg] 'kks/kkFkhZ dks izfrn'kZ ds pquko ds fo"k; esa ekxZn'kZu lakf[;dh&fon~ vFkkZr

la[;kfon~ ekxZjsV ds lq>koksa ls feykA vr% izk;ksfxd izfrn'kZu dk;Zjhfr;ksa ds fodkl ls lEcaf/kr

izeq[k lq>ko fuEu gS%

(i) izfrn'kZ dks ml lexz dk iwoZxzg jfgr fp= izLrqr djuk pkfg, ftldk ;g izfrfuf/kRo

djrk gSA (vFkkZr ;g iwokZxzg jfgr gksuk pkfg,A)

(ii) izfrn'kZ fo'oluh; ifj.kke izkIr djus dh nf"V ls dkQh cM+s vkdkj ds gksus pkfg,A

(vFkkZr ;g =qfV dk fufnZ"V Øeksa esa ekiu djus ;ksX; gksA)

(iii) izfrn'kZu dh izjpuk dk fuekZ.k bl izdkj fd;k tk, fd og dk;Zdq'kyrk dh nf"V ls

mfpr gksA(vFkkZr oSdfYid izjpuk ds lkFk rqyuk djus okys gksA) 12

26022 mÙkjh v{kka'k vkSj 74

055 iwohZ ns'kkUrj esa fLFkr jktLFkku dh jkt/kkuh t;iqj] xqykch

uxjh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA gjh&Hkjh vjkoyh ioZrekyk ls f?kjk ;g 'kgj ,sfrgkfld /kjksgj

dks leSVs izkdfrd lqanjrk ls lEiUu gSaA bl 'kgj dks Hkkjr dk isfjl Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bls

egkjktk lokbZ t;flag (f}rh;) us 1927 esa ;kstukuqlkj clk;k FkkA ,sfrgkfld xfjek ls ifjiw.kZ

t;iqj uxj i;ZVu dk vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d izeq[k dsUnz jgk gSA lkFk gh ;agk dk 'kkafrfiz;

okrkoj.k ,oa vkfFkZd fØ;kdykiksa ds fy, miyC/k vuqdwy okrkoj.k ds dkj.k O;kikj dh nf"V ls

Hkh mÙkjh {ks= dk ,d izeq[k dsUnz jgk gSA t;iqj ftys dk {ks=Qy 14000 fd-eh- gS rFkk rkieku




460ls- ls- gSA lkaxkusjh fizaV ds diM+s ;¡gk dk izeq[k O;olk; gSA vkS|ksfxd nf"V ls ;g {ks= vf/kd

foLrr gS rFkk i;kZoj.k dh nf"V ls ;g ftyk lkekU; gS] dkj.k ;gka dy&dkj[kkuksa dh la[;k

vf/kd gksus dh otg ls iznq"k.k QSyk jgrk gSA t;iqj ftyk pkjksa vkSj ls miuxjksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS]

tgka vkfFkZd :i ls e/;e ,oa mPp oxZ ds yksxksa dh la[;k vf/kd ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vr% buesa

ls 'kks/kkFkhZ us lhfer lexz dks mi;ksx esa fy;kA izLrqr v/;;u lqfo/kkuqlkj fun'kZu ds vk/kkj ij

fd;k x;k gSA ;gka ij vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ljyrkiwoZd mldh iagqp ds vUnj rFkk mls vf/kd lg;ksx

iznku djus okys mÙkjnkrkvksa dks lfEefyr djrk gSA

lHkh 400 mÙkjnkrk ftuls lEidZ LFkkfir fd;k x;k og t;iqj ftys esa jgus okys 18 o"kZ

ls 70 o"kZ ds vk;q lewg okys mÙkjnkrk FksA lHkh mÙkjnkrk fofHkUu vk;] fyax] O;olk; vkfn ls

lEcaf/kr FksA izfrn'kZ dk vkdkj le;] ykxr vkSj fofHkUu iz;klksa dh lhferrk dks /;ku esa j[krs

gq, r; fd;k x;kA pquko dh ilanxh vkSj fofHkUu bdkb;ksa ds izfrn'kZu ds fy, xSj&lEHkkfor fof/k

dks dke esa fy;k x;kA vr% lqfo/kkuqlkj fun'kZu ds vk/kkj ij lexz ls izfrn'kZu esa mifLFkr lHkh

mÙkjnkrkvksa ls lEidZ fd;k x;kA lHkh 400 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 70 mÙkjnkrk t;iqj 'kgj ls

lEcaf/kr gs] ftlesa vkesj] HkkadjksVk] lkaxkusj] gjekM+k] txriqjk] >ksVokM+k ,oa ekyoh;uxj Hkh

lfEefyr gS vkSj 'ks"k 330 mÙkjnkrk xksfoUnx<+] dksViwryh] 'kkgiqjk] vFkjksM+] cLlh] pkSeaw] Qqysjk]

nwnw] Qkxh] pkdlw] fojkVuxj] tkscusj] fldjk;] fljlh ,oa cx: izR;sd esa ls 22&22 mÙkjnkrk

lfEefyr gSA

(5) leadksa dk ladyu (Collection Of Data):

izLrqr v/;;u izkFkfed leadkas ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA izkFkfed leadkas ds laxzg gsrq

losZ{k.k fof/k dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA losZ{k.k fof/k esa 'kks/kkFkhZ us mÙkjnkrkvksa ls lEidZ LFkkfir

djds mudk lk{kkRdkj fy;k o leadkas dks ,df=r djus dk iz;kl fd;k A fofHkUu lwpukvksa vkSj

leadksa dks ,df=r djus ds fy, ,d rkfydk ;k vuqlwph (Schedule) dh lgk;rk yh xbZA bl

rkfydk esa mu lHkh iz'uksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k tks v/;;u dh nf"V ls vko';d gSA bldh

lgk;rk ls oxhZd`r ?kVdksa dh tkudkjh vkSj lkcqu ds ,d fo'ks"k czk.M dh ilanxh ds le;

fofHkUu rRo vFkok dkjd (xq.koÙkk] czk.M Nfo] dher] jax] [kq'kcw) dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj

ls lEcaf/kr leadkas dks ,df=r fd;k x;k gSA

(6) leadkas dk lkj.kh;u (Tabulation Of Data):



lkj.kh;u rF;ksa dks Øec} vkSj lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls drkjksa vkSj LrEHkksa esa bl izdkj izLrqr djrk gS

fd os fo'ys"k.k ;ksX; gks tkosA lkj.kh;u dk dk;Z oxhZdj.k ds i'pkr~ fd;k tkrk gSA oxhZdj.k dk

mís'; vad&lkexzh dh tfVyrk dks nwj djuk vkSj vko';d vadkas dks vuko';d vadksa ls iFkd~

dj mUgsa rqyuk ;ksX; cukuk gSA oxhZdj.k ds }kjk leadkas dks muds xq.kksa ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj

ij ck¡V fn;k tkrk gSA ih-oh- ;ax ds erkuqlkj lkaf[;dh; leadkas dh lkj.kh;u esa izFke

pj.k ;g gS fd oxhZdj.k dk lqO;ofLFkr foLrr fooj.k izLrqr djus dk dk;Z fd;k tk,A13

lHkh

izeq[k lkj.kh dks rS;kj djus ds i'pkr~ lkekU; vkSj ikjxkeh lkj.kh rS;kj dh xbZA lEiw.kZ

lkj.khdj.k dk dk;Z 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk gLrfufeZr FkhA bu nksuksa ,dekxhZ; lkj.kh;u vkSj ikjxkeh

lkj.kh;u esa la[;kvksa ds mfpr lEizs"k.k ,oa laokn ds fy, izfr'kr esa ifjorZu dj muesa izfof"V dh

xbZA izR;sd lkj.kh ds Åij ,d mfpr 'kh"kZd Mkyk x;k rFkk mUgsa vklkuh ls igpkuuas dh nf"V

ls vadksa dk lanHkZ fn;k x;kA lkj.kh esa vuq'kh"kZd o mi'kh"kZd Hkh Mkys x,A vuq'kh"kZd cka;h vksj o

mi'kh"kZd nka;h vksj Mkys x;sA leadksa dk lkj.kh;u djrs le; lHkh lkekU; fl}kUrksa dks /;ku esa

j[kk x;kA lkj.kh;u ds i'pkr~ gh vad lwpuk dk fo'ys"k.k o fuoZpu lEHko gqvkA

(7) ekiØe (Scaling):

ekiØe ladsrksa vFkok vadkas }kjk fufeZr fd;k x;k fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa dk ,d ,slk lewg gS

ftlds vUrxZr v/;;u fd, tkus okys lHkh mÙkjnkrkvksa vFkok muds lHkh xq.kksa ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa

dks LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA ,Q- ,u- dfyZtj ds er esa] ,d izeki izrhdksa vFkok vadkas dk ,d lewg

gS] ftls bl izdkj ls fufeZr fd;k tkrk gS fd bu izrhdksa ;k vadksa dks fu;ekuqlkj mu O;fDr;ksa

ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk lds] ftu ij ;g izeki iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA14 'kks/kkFkhZ us rhu fcUnq

vadu ekiØe dks mi;ksx esa ysrs gq, dk;Z fd;kA ^^vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ** vkSj ^^vR;f/kd egRoghu**

bu nksuksa dks Nksj ij ysus ds lkFk gh ,d dsUnzh; ^^u rks egRoiw.kZ@ u gh egRoghu** dks chp esa

fy;k x;kA

(8) ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p (Testing Of Hypothesis):

rF; dsoy xqPNs vkSj lkef;d dYiuk,¡ gSa] tc rd rF;ksa dh izkekf.kdrk dk ijh{k.k u

fd;k tk, rc rd ;g ckr egRoghu gksrh gS fd mudk fdruk Øec} :i ls oxhZdj.k vkSj

lkj.kh;u fd;k x;k gSA tSlk fd iwoZ esa ifjdYiuk ds fu:i.k dk mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gS fd

fujkdj.kh; ('kwU;) ifjdYiuk dk <k¡pk fdl rjg dk gSA ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p ds vUrZxr bl

lR;rk dks tk¡pk tkrk gS fd geus ftl ifjdYiuk dks vk/kkj ekudj vuqla/kku fd;k gS og lgh

gS vFkok ughA vr% izR;k'kk ,oa voyksfdr vkofÙk;ksa ds vUrj dh tk¡p djuk gh ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k




dgykrk gSA bl pj.k esa ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p ds fy, dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square) ijh{k.k ds

mi;ksx ls lkekU; 9-5 izfr'kr fo'okL;rk Lrj ij tk¡p dh xbZA rRi'pkr~ ifjdYiuk Lohdr ,oa

vLohdr dh xbZ gSA

(9) fo'ys"k.k ,oa fuoZpu (Analysis and InterPretation):

ladfyr rF;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k vkSj fuoZpu }kjk fu"d"kZ fudkyus ls iwoZ mudk Bhd <ax ls

izLrqr fd;k tkuk vko';d gksrk gSA iz'ukoyh esa Hkjs gq,s iz'uksÙkj rFkk vU; lwpukvksa dks lEiknu]

oxhZdj.k vkSj mUgsa lkadsfrd 'kCnksa esa lEc} djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS] D;ksafd lk{kkRdkjdÙkkZ

le;kHkko ds dkj.k iz'ukoyh esa lwpuk dks rdZiw.kZ ,oa Øec} :i ls ugha fy[k ikrk gSA

tSlk fd rkfydkvksa dks Hkjokus dk dk;Z 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk fd;k x;k gS] vr% blesa la'kks/ku dh

cgqr de laHkkouk gS] fQj Hkh lkj.khdj.k ls iwoZ lwpuk lEiknu }kjk rkfydk esa ladfyr lwpuk

dks vqula/kku mís';ksa ds vuqdwy cukus gsrq vko';d lq/kkj o la'kks/ku fd;k x;kA lEiknu dk;Z esa

iz'uksa ds mÙkjksa esa ,d:irk ykdj muesa =qfV rFkk vfu;ferrkvksa dks nwj fd;k x;k gS]

rRi'pkr~ leadksa dk oxhZdj.k fd;k x;k gSA 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk iw.kZ:i ls gLrfufeZr lkjf.k;ksa esa

lkekU; vkSj ikjxkeh nksuksa gh lkj.kh 'kkfey dh xbZA fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, izeq[k lkj.kh rS;kj

djus dk iz;kl fd;k] ftUgsa vuqlwph ls izR;{k ;k lh/kk fpafgr fd;k x;k gSA

voyksfdr ?kVukvksa dh la[;k esa izR;sd dks"B ds vuq:i izR;kf'kr la[;k ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq

'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square)ijh{k.k dk pquko fd;k x;k gSA nks ukfed ekiØe pjksas

ds chp Lora= ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p ds fy, bl ijh{k.k dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA 9-5 izfr'kr

fo'oL;rk Lrj ij LokrU«; dksfV;ksa dh x.kuk lw=(,u&1) ds vk/kkj ij lkaf[;dh; dh xbZA

lkaf[;dh; fopyu ds vk/kkj ij leadksa dh O;k[;k dh xbZ gS] rRi'pkr~ Lora= vFkok fuHkZj pjksa

dk irk yxk;k x;k gSA

(10) vuqla/kku izfrosnu dh rS;kjh (Preparation Of Research Report ):

vUr esa] vuqla/kku izfrosnu rS;kj fd;k x;k] ftlesa rduhdh izfrosnu] n'; QkeZ tSls%

js[kkfp=ksa] fp=ksa vkfn ij /;ku ugha fn;k x;k gSA



vesfjdu ekdsZfVax lkslk;Vh ds dFkukuqlkj izfrosnu dks rS;kj djuk vuqla/kku dk vafre

pj.k gS rFkk bldk mís'; :fp j[kus okys yksxksa dks v/;;u ds leLr ifj.kkeksa dks i;kZIr foLrkj

ls crkuk gS ,oa mUgsa bl izdkj ls O;ofLFkr djuk gS fd ftlls izR;sd ikBd lkexzh dks le>us esa

leFkZ gks lds] voxr djkuk gS ,oa Lo;a vius fy;s ifj.kkeksa dh izkekf.kdrk dks fu/kkZfjr djuk

gSA15 xqMs ,oa gkWV ds vuqlkj izfrosnu rS;kj djuk 'kks/k dk vfUre pj.k gksrk gSA bldk mís';

lEcaf/kr O;fDr;ksa rd v/;;u dk lEiw.kZ ifj.kke igq¡pkuk gksrk gS tks brus foLrkj ds lkFk bl

izdkj O;ofLFkr gksrk gS fd og ikBdksa dks lkexzh ds le>us ,ao ifj.kkeksa dh vius fy, oS|rk

fu/kkZfjr djus dk volj ns ldsA16 vr% izfrosnu esa vuqla/kku dh leL;k ;k izkDdYiuk dk

ifjp;] 'kks/k esa iz;qDr dh xbZ izfof/k;ksa] midj.kksa dk o.kZu ,oa mi;ksfxrk] lkexzh laxzg.k dh

izfof/k;k¡ ,oa L=ksr] lkexzh dk ladsrhdj.k] oxhZdj.k] lkj.kh;u vkfn dk fooj.k] 'kks/k ds vk/kkj ij

fudkys x, fu"d"kZ] izkDdYiuk dh lR;rk dh tk¡p vkfn dk Øec}] O;ofLFkr ,oa cks/kxE; fooj.k

ljy Hkk"kk esa izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS] ftlls fd v/;;u :fpiw.kZ gksA

(11) v/;;u dh lhek,¡ (Limitation Of The Study):

vuqla/kku }kjk lgh] i;kZIr vkSj lkef;d lwpuk,¡ izkIr gqbZ gS vFkok ugha] ;g vuqla/kku ds

fy, le; dh miyC/krk] /ku dh izkfIr] vuqla/kkudÙkkZ dh n{krk vkSj mlds nf"Vdks.k dh lhek

vkfn ij fuHkZj djrk gSA izR;sd vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ds le{k dqN ,sls rRo gksrs gSa tks fd mls ck/;

djrs gS] ftuls izR;sd vuqla/kkudÙkkZ vDlj cpus dk iz;kl djrk gSA 'kks/kkFkhZ dks Hkh le;] /ku

vkSj iz;klksa tSls rRoksa us ck/; fd;kA vr% v/;;u dh lhekvksa esa izFke gS%& fun'kZu rduhd vFkok

lqfo/kkuqlkj fun'kZuA le;] /ku rFkk iz;klksa dks /;ku esa j[krsa gq, lqfo/kkuqlkj fun'kZu dk p;u

fd;k x;k A ;gk¡ ij vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ljyrkiwoZd viuh igq¡p ds vUnj mls vf/kd lg;ksx iznku

djus okys mÙkjnkrkvksa dks vius lexz esa 'kkfey djrk gSA v/;;u esa izeq[k uxjksa dks lfEefyr

fd;k x;k ysfdu vusd lewg tSls%& /keZ] tkfr tSls U;wu dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tk ldkA

leL;kvksa dh izdfr dks igpkuus ds i'pkr~ mudh lkFkZdrk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, lqfo/kkuqlkj

fun'kZu izk;% foi.ku vuqla/kku dh nf"V ls mi;qDr le>k tk ldrk gSA losZ{k.k ds vUrxZr f}rh;

lhek ;g Fkh fd mu mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj ysuk 'kks/kkFkhZ ds fy, laHko ugha Fkk tks fd

rkfdZd iz'uksa ds mRrj nsus esa leFkZ ugha FksA vr% bl lhek dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ;ksX; ,oa leFkZ

mÙkjnkrkvksa dk gh p;u fd;k x;kA 'kks/kkFkhZ dk ;g fu'p; gS] izLrqr vUos"k.kkRed v/;;u vius

fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa dks iw.kZ djus esa lQy jgsxkA

(12) vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ds lkeus dfBukb;k¡ (Difficulties Faced By The Research):




izLrqr vuqla/kku }kjk ^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj% ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk

v/;;u)** fo"k; dks tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vusd dfBukbZ;ksa dk vkuk

LoHkkfod gS ftlds vius dqN dkj.k lnSo gksrs gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh vuqla/kkudÙkkZ us futh Lrj ij

iz;kl djds lPpkbZ dks tkuus dk gj laHko iz;kl fd;kA 'kks/kkFkhZ us losZ{k.k mÙkjnkrkvksa ds lkeus

mifLFkr gksdj fd;kA vr% losZ{k.k djrs le; vusd mRrjnkrk vius fuokl LFkku ls ckgj x,

gq, Fks ;k vLoLFkrk ds dkj.k lwpuk nsus esa vleFkZ Fks vFkok dqN ckgjh O;fDr;ksa ds mifLFkr gksus

ds dkj.k mÙkj ugha ns ldsA losZ{k.k ds nkSjku mÙkjnkrkvksa dk ?kj ij u feyuk Hkh vuqla/kkudÙkkZ

ds le{k ,d izeq[k dfBukbZ gSA vuqla/kku ds nkSjku f}rh; dfBukbZ tks lkeus vkbZ og ;g Fkh fd

vusd mRrjnkrk 'kadk;qDr vkSj lafnX/k FksA vr% ,sls mRrjnkrk iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsrs le;

fgpfdpkgV eglwl djrs FksA 'kks/kkFkhZ us ,slh izofÙk n'kkZus okys mÙkjnkrkvksa ls cpus dk gj laHko

iz;kl fd;kA mi;qDr ifj.kkeksa dks izkIr djus dh nf"V ls ;ksX; vkSj leFkZ mÙkjnkrkvksa dk gh

p;u fd;k x;k] D;ksa fd vusd mRrjnkrk ,sls Fks tks fd iz'uksa ds lgh mÙkj nsus esa leFkZ ugha Fks

tSls% cPps] ean cqf} okys O;fDr vkfnA

'kks/kkFkhZ us bu lHkh dfBukb;ksa ls cpus ds fy, dsoy leFkZ ,oa ;ksX; mÙkjnkrkvksa ls gh

lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus rFkk vuqla/kku dks izkjEHk djus ls iwoZ gh le;] /ku rFkk Je dh lhferrk

dks /;ku esa j[kus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

REFERENCES – II

1. Claire Sellitz etal , Research Methods In Social Relations,

Rev. ed. New york: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1959), P. 50

2. Claire Sellitz etal . op. cit . , P.51.

3. Fred. N. Kerlinger, Foundation of Behavioral Research,

2nd ed. (New york,Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978), P.E. 18.

4. William J. Goode and paul K. Hatt, Methods of Social Research

(New york :Mc Graw Hill Inc, Student edition 1952), P.74.

5. Pauline V. young, Scientific Social Surveys and Research :4th

ed.

(New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 1968), P. 96

6. C. William Emory , Business Research Methods

(Home Wood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc, 1976) P.P. 63-65.



7. Charles F. Cannell and Robert L. Kanh, ” The Collection of Data by

Interviewing, ” In Leon Festinger and Daniel Katz ed ., Research Method In The

Behavioral Sciences (New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, New York; Amerind Publishing,

Co. (P) Ltd, 1970) , P. 340.

8. C. William Emory, op. cit .P. 201.

9. Gilbert A. Churchill Jr. Marketing Research (Hinsdale , illlinois:

The Dryden Press, 1976),P. 196.

10. J.A. John, Some Principals and Methods of Sampling,

(Narman A. Polanski, (No), Social Work Research, 1960). P. 75.

11. F.N. Kerlinger, Foundation of Behavioral Research ,

(New york: Holt ,Rinehart and Winston, 1966). P. 329

12. Margaret Hagood, Statistics or Sociologists (New york : Hold ,

Rinehart and Winston, 1953. ) P. 252.

13. Pauline V. young, op. cit . , 277.

14. F.N. Kerlingar, Foundation of Behavioral Research

(New york : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978), P. 492.

15. American Marketing Society, “ Technique of Marketing Research,”

Mc Grow-Hill Book Co., New york, 1987. P. 299.” Quoted From

Goode and Hatt, Methods In Social Research, 1952, P. 359 .

16. lbid.

***********




v/;k;&III

mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk

(A) czk.M dh :ijs[kk

(B) mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk



v/;k; - III

mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk

(RESPONDENTS PROFILE)

(a) czk.M dh :ijs[kk (BRAND PROFILE)

foxr dqN o"kksaZ ls t;iqj ftys esa ugkus ds lkcqu cktkj esa of} ns[kh tk ldrh gS] ftldh

otg ls dbZ lkcqu czk.M cktkj esa mrjs gSA bu czk.M esa ls dqN dks cktkj esa vf/kd izkFkfedrk

gSA miHkksDrk pqus gq, dqN czk.M dks vf/kd izkFkfedrk nsrs gS] tks dqN dkj.kksa dh otg ls gSA

t;iqj ftys esa f'k{kk dk i;kZIr fodkl gksus ds dkj.k QS'ku esa vko';d :i ls ifjorZu gqvk gS]

tgk¡ efgyk,¡ bl nkSj esa vkxs gS ogh vfookfgr iq:"kksa us Hkh QS'ku esa :fp ysuk izkjEHk dj fn;k

gSA dkj.k pkgs tks Hkh gks] ysfdu bruk vo'; Li"V gS fd budk mís'; fdlh dks vkdf"kZr djuk

vFkok lkSan;Z cuk, j[kuk gks ldrk gSA t;iqj ftys esa miyC/k czk.M yDl] xksnjst uEcj ou]

ykbQckW;] fujek] flUFkk¡y] geke] czht] ih;lZ] fyjhy] jsDlksuk] tks jkst] fuek jkst] Qs;j Xyks]

ikevkWfyo] Qs;j ,.M yoyh] MsVkWy] uhe] esfMfeDl] tksulu csch lksi] f'kdkdkbZ] t; ykbZe]

,fDVo] uSpqjyh Qs;j lksi] fu[kkj] cksjks lks¶V ,oa fons'kh lkcqu vkfn izeq[k gSA

t;iqj ftys ds dqN Js"B foØsrkvksa ij fd, x, losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj lcls T;knk fcdus

okys lkcqu yDl] xksnjst uEcj ou] ykbQckW;] fujek] flUFkk¡y izeq[k gSA losZ{k.k ls izkIr

lwpukvksa ds vuqlkj lkcqu cktkj ds 61 izfr'kr Hkkx ij yDl] xksnjst uEcj ou]

ykbQckW;] fujek] flUFkk¡y Nk, gq, gSA budk i;kZIr izpkj&izlkj dj] ykxr esa deh vkSj

le;≤ ij fdLe esa lq/kkj dj ;g Lo;a dks vkxs cuk, gq, gSA vU; dEifu;k¡ Hkh

i;kZIr izpkj&izlkj dj bl izfrLi}kZRed ;qx esa Lo;a dks LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl dj jgh

gSA lkcqu fofHkUu jaxksa xqykch] gjk] ukjaxh] yky o lQsn vkfn rFkk vusd [kq'kcwvksa Qwy]

Qy] pUnu] uhe] ukfj;y o rqylh vkfn esa miyC/k gSA lkcqu ds dqN czk.M dks vkxs

iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS%




v/;;u ls lEcaf/kr pqus gq, 400 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 80 mÙkjnkrkvksaa ds ikl yDl lkcqu gSA

;g lkcqu vU; lkcqu czk.M ls vf/kd yksdfiz; gSA 164 mÙkjnkrkvksaa esa ls izR;sd 41&41

mÙkjnkrkvksaa ds ikl xksnjst uEcj ou] ykbQckW;] fujek] flUFkk¡y lkcqu gSA blh rjg 80

mÙkjnkrkvksaa esa ls izR;sd 20&20 mÙkjnkrkvksaa ds ikl geke] czht] ih;lZ] fyjhy lkcqu gSA buds

vfrfjDr 42 mÙkjnkrkvksaa esa ls izR;sd 7&7 mÙkjnkrkvksaa ds ikl jsDlksuk] tks jkst] fuek jkst] Qs;j

Xyks] ikevkWfyo] Qs;j ,.M yoyh lkcqu gSA 20 mÙkjnkrkvksaa esa ls izR;sd 4&4 mÙkjnkrkvksaa ds ikl

MsVkWy] uhe] esfMfeDl] tksulu csch lksi] f'kdkdkbZ lkcqu gSA blh izdkj 10 mÙkjnkrkvksaa esa ls



izR;sd 2&2 mÙkjnkrkvksaa ds ikl t; ykbZe] ,fDVo] uSpqjyh Qs;j lksi] fu[kkj] cksjks lksIV lkcqu

gSA dqy 400 mÙkjnkrkvksaa esa ls 4 mÙkjnkrk ,sls gS tks fons'kh lkcqu dks mi;ksx esa yk jgs gSA

(b mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :ijs[kk (RESPONDENTS PROFILE)

mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :ijs[kk esa ftu miHkksDrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k Fkk] mudks vk;q]

fyax] oSokfgd fLFkfr] f'k{kk] O;olk; rFkk vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdr fd;k x;k gSA mÙkjnkrkvksaa

dh lEiw.kZ :ijs[kk bl rjg ls gS%

(I) vk;q ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF

AGE):

rkfydk 111&1

vk;q ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&1 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :ijs[kk bl

rjg ls gS%

400 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 240 (60 %) mÙkjnkrk 18

ls 45 o"kZ ds vk;q lewg rFkk 160 (40 %) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ ds vk;q lewg esa FksA

(II) vk;q vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF AGE AND SEX):

vk;q lewg mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh la[;k

18 ls 45 o"kZ 240 (60 %)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 160 (40 %)

;ksx 400 ( 100 %)




rkfydk 111&2

vk;q vkSj fyax ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk dh rkfydk 111&2 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh

:ijs[kk bl rjg ls gS%

18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds 240 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa

ls] 140 (58-33 %) mÙkjnkrk L=h rFkk 'ks"k 100 (41-67 %) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k FksA

blh izdkj 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds 160 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k

x;k muesa ls] 80 (50 %) mÙkjnkrk L=h rFkk 'ks"k 80 (50 %) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k FksA

(III) vk;q vkSj oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE

BASIS OF AGE AND MARITAL STATUS):

rkfydk 111&3

vk;q vkSj oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

vk;q lewg fyax ;ksx L=h iq:"k

18 ls 45 o"kZ 140 (58.33%) 100 (41.67%) 240 (100 %)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 80 (50 %) 80 (50 %) 160 (100 %)

;ksx 220 (55 %) 180 (45 %) 400 (100

%) vk;q lewg oSokfgd&fLFkfr ;ksx

vfookfgr fookfgr

18 ls 45 o"kZ 56 (23.33 %) 184 (76.67 %) 240 (100 %)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 36 (22.50 %) 124 (77.50 %) 160 (100 %)

;ksx 92 (23 %) 308 (77 %) 400 (100 %)



tSlk fd rkfydk 111&3 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q vkSj oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa

dh :ijs[kk bl rjg ls gS%


ls] 56 (23-33 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr rFkk 'ks"k 184 (76.67 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA

blh izdkj 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds 160 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k

x;k muesa ls] 36 (22-50 %) vfookfgr rFkk 'ks"k 124 (77-50 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA

(IV) vk;q] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON

THE BASIS OF AGE, MARITAL-STATUS AND SEX):

rkfydk 111&4

vk;q] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&4 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij

mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk bl rjg ls gS%


ls] 24 (10%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 32 (13.34 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k

116 (48.33 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 68 (28.33%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr iq:"k FksA

vk;q lewg vfookfgr fookfgr ;ksx

L=h iq:"k L=h iq:"k

18 ls 45 o"kZ 24(10%) 32(13.34%) 116(48.33%) 68(28.33%) 240(100%)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 12(7.5%) 24(15%) 68(42.50%) 56(35%) 160(100%)

;ksx 36(9%) 56(14%) 184(46%) 124(31%) 400(100%)




blh izdkj 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds ftu 160 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj

fy;k x;k muesa ls] 12 (7.5 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 24 (15 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr

iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 68 (42.50 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 56 (35 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr iq:"k

FksA

(V) vk;q vkSj f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION

ON THE BASIS OF AGE AND EDUCATION):

rkfydk 111&5

vk;q vkSj f'k{kk ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&5 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q vkSj f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i

js[kk bl rjg ls gS%


ls] 16 (6.67 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 68 (28.33 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 156 (65 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus okys

FksA

blh izdkj 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds 160 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k

x;k muesa ls] 28 (17.5 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 72 (45 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp

vk;q lewg f'k{kk ;ksx

mPp lSd.Mjh mPp lSd.Mjh vkSj Lukrd vkSj

ds uhp Lukrd ds uhps Åij

18 ls 45 o"kZ 16 (6.67%) 68 (28.33%) 156 (65%) 240 (100%)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 28 (17.5%) 72 (45%) 60 (37.5%) 160 (100%)

;ksx 44 (11%) 140 (35%) 216 (54%) 400 (100%)



lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 60 (37.5 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus okys

FksA

(VI) vk;q vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF AGE AND OCCUPATION):

rkfydk 111&6

vk;q vkSj O;olk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&6 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh

:i js[kk bl rjg ls gS%


ls] 140 (58.33 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa] 36 (15 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k

64 (26.67 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA


x;k muesa ls] 64 (40 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa] 40 (25 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk

'ks"k 56 (35 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

vk;q lewg O;olk; ;ksx

lsok dk;Z O;kikj dk;Z is'ksoj vU; ;k

lsokfuo`r O;fDr

18 ls 45 o"kZ 140 (58.33%) 36 (15%) 64 (26.67%) 240 (100%)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 64 (40%) 40 (25%) 56 (35%) 160 (100%)

;ksx 204 (51%) 76 (19%) 120 (30%) 400 (100%)




(VII) vk;q vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF AGE AND INCOME):

rkfydk 111&7

vk;q vkSj vk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&7 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;q vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i

js[kk bl rjg ls gS%


ls] 52 (21-67 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 92 (38-33

%) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 96 (40 %) mÙkjnkrk

4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA


x;k muesa ls] 24 (15 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 68

(42-5 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 68 (42-5 %)

mÙkjnkrk :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

vk;q lewg vk; ;ksx

:- 600@& ls :- 2600@& ls :- 4600@& vkSj

:- 2600@& :- 4600@& Åij izfr eghuk

izfr eghuk izfr eghuk

18 ls 45 o"kZ 52 (21.67%) 92 (38.33%) 96 (40%) 240 (100%)

46 ls 70 o"kZ 24 (15%) 68 (42.5%) 68 (42.5%) 160 (100%)

;ksx 76 (19%) 160 (40%) 164 (41%) 400 (100%)



(VIII) fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF

SEX):

rkfydk 111&8

fyax ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&8 esa iznf'kZr gS] fyax ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i js[kk bl

rjg ls gS%

400 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 220 (55

%) mÙkjnkrk L=h rFkk 180 (45 %) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k fyax lewg esa FksA

(IX) fyax vkSj oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE

BASIS OF SEX AND MARITAL - STATUS):

rkfydk 111&9

fyax vkSj oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&9 esa iznf'kZr gS] fyax vkSj oSokfgd fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa

dh :i js[kk bl rjg ls gS%

fyax mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh la[;k

L=h 220 (55%)

iq:"k 180 (45%)

;ksx 400 (100%)

fyax oSokfgd&fLFkfr ;ksx

vfookfgr fookfgr

L=h 36 (16.36%) 184 (83.64%) 220 (100%)

iq:"k 56 (31.11%) 124 (68.89%) 180 (100%)

;ksx 92 (23%) 308 (77%) 400 (100%)




L=h fyax lewg ds 220 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 36

(16.36 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr rFkk 'ks"k 184 (83.64 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA

blh izdkj iq:"k fyax lewg ds 180 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k

muesa ls] 56 (31.11 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr rFkk 124 (68.89 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA

(X) fyax vkSj f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF SEX AND EDUCATION):

rkfydk 111&10

fyax vkSj f'k{kk ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&10 esa iznf'kZr gS] fyax vkSj f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i

js[kk bl rjg ls gS%


(10.91 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 80 (36.36 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 116 (52.73 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus okys FksA

blh izdkj] iq:"k fyax lewg ds 180 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k

muesa ls] 20 (11.11 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 60 (33.33 %) mÙkjnkrk

fyax f'k{kk ;ksx


ds uhps Lu ds uhps Lukrd ds Åij

uhps uhps

L=h 24 (10.91%) 80 (36.36%) 116 (52.73%) 220 (100%)

iq:"k 20 (11.11%) 60 (33.33%) 100 (55.56%) 180 (100%)

;ksx 44 (11%) 140 (35%) 216 (54%) 400 (100%)



mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 100 (55.56 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk

j[kus okys FksA

(XI) fyax vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF SEX AND OCCUPATION):

rkfydk 111&11

fyax vkSj O;olk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&11 esa iznf'kZr gS] fyax vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh

:i js[kk bl rjg ls gS%


(54.55 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 56 (25.45 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k

44 (20 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

blh izdkj iq:"k fyax lewg ds 180 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k

muesa ls] 84 (46.67 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 20 (11.11 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa

rFkk 'ks"k 76 (42.22 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

(XII) fyax vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF SEX AND INCOME):

fyax O;olk; ;ksx

lsok dk;Z O;kikj dk;Z is'ksoj vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr

L=h 120 (54.55%) 56 (25.45%) 44 (20%) 220 100%)

iq:"k 84 (46.67%) 20 (11.11%) 76 (42.22%) 180 (100%)

;ksx 204 (51%) 76 (19%) 120 (30%) 400 (100%)




rkfydk 111&12

fyax vkSj vk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&12 esa iznf'kZr gS] fyax vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i

js[kk bl rjg ls gS%


(20 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 72 (32.72 %) mÙkjnkrk

:i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 100 (47.28 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s


blh izdkj iq:"k fyax lewg ds 180 (100 %) mÙkjknkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k

muesa ls] 32 (17.78 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 88

(48.89 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 60 (33.33 %)


(XIII) oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF MARITAL - STATUS):

fyax vk; ;ksx

:- 600@& ls :- 2600@& ls :- 4600@& vkSj

:- 2600@& :- 4600@& Åij izfr eghuk izfr eghuk izfr eghuk

L=h 44 (20%) 72 (32.72%) 104 (47.28%) 220 (100%)

iq:"k 32 (17.78%) 88 (48.89%) 60 (33.33%) 180 (100%)

;ksx 76 (19%) 160 (40%) 164 (41%) 400 (100%)



rkfydk 111&13

oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&13 esa iznf'kZr gS] oSokfgd&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh


400 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 92 (23 %) mÙkjnkrk

vfookfgr rFkk 308 (77 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA

(XIV) oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON

THE BASIS OF MARITAL – STATUS AND EDUCATION):

rkfydk 111&14

oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj f'k{kk ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

oSofgd fLFkfr mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh la[;k

vfookfgr 92 (23%)

fookfgr 308 (77%)

;ksx 400 (100%)

oSokfgd f'k{kk ;ksx

fLFkfr


ds uhps ds uhps Lukrd ds uhps Åij

fookfgr 16 (17.40%) 24 (26.08%) 52 (56.52%) 92 (100%)

fookfgr 28 (9.09%) 116 (37.66%) 164 (53.25%) 308 (100%)

;ksx 44 (11%) 140 (35%) 216 (54%) 400 (100%)




tSlk fd rkfydk 111&14 esa iznf'kZr gS] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij

mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i js[kk bl rjg ls gS%

vfookfgr lewg ds 92 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 16

(17.40 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 24 (26.08 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd ds uhps o 'ks"k 52 (56.52 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus okys FksA

blh izdkj fookfgr lewg ds 308 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa

ls] 28 (9.09 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 116 (37.66 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps o 'ks"k 164 (53.25 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus

okys FksA

(XV) oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON

THE BASIS OF MARITAL – STATUS AND OCCUPATION):

rkfydk 111&15

oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj O;olk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&15 esa iznf'kZr gS] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij


oSokfgd O;olk; ;ksx

fLFkfr lsok dk;Z O;kikj dk;Z is'ksoj@vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr

vfookfgr 64 (69.57%) 12 (13.04%) 16 (17.39%) 92 (100%)

fookfgr 40 (45.46%) 64 (20.77%) 104 (33.77%) 308 (100%)

;ksx 204 (51%) 76 (19%) 120 (30%) 400 (100%)



vfookfgr lewg ds 92 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 64

(69.57 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 12 (13.04 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k

16 (17.39 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

blh izdkj fookfgr Lrj ds 308 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa

ls] 140 (45.46 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 64 (20.77 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa

rFkk 'ks"k 104 (33.77 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

(XVI) oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE

BASIS OF MARITAL – STATUS AND INCOME):

rkfydk 111&16

oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj vk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&16 esa iznf'kZr gS] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij


vfookfgr Lrj ds 92 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 32

(34.78 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 32 (34.78 %)

mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 28 (30.44 %) mÙkjnkrk


oSokfgd vk; ;ksx

fLFkfr :- 600@& ls :- :- 2600@& ls :- :- 4600@& vkSj

2600@& izfr eghuk 600@& izfr eghuk Åij izfr eghuk

vfookfgr 32(34.78%) 32 (34.78%) 28 (30.44%) 92 (100%)

fookfgr 44 (14.29%) 128 (41.56%) 136 (44.15%) 308 (100%)

;ksx 76 (19%) 160 (40%) 164 (41%) 400 (100%)




blh izdkj fookfgr Lrj ds 308 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa

ls] 44 (14.29 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 128 (41.56

%) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 136 (44.15 %)


(XVII) f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF

EDUCATION):

rkfydk 111&17

f'k{kk ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&17 esa iznf'kZr gS] f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :i js[kk bl

rjg ls gS%


mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps rFkk 140 (35 %) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps rFkk

'ks"k 216 (54 %) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus okys FksA

f'k{kk mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh la[;k

mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps 44 (11%)

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd

ds uhps 140 (35%)

Lukrd vkSj Åij 216 (54%)

;ksx 400 (100%)



(XVIII) f'k{kk] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON

THE BASIS OF EDUCATION, MARITAL-STATUS AND SEX ):

rkfydk 111&18

f'k{kk] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k



mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps f'k{kk j[kus okys 44 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k

x;k muesa ls] 4 (9.09 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 12 (27.27 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr

iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 20 (45.46 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 8 (18.18%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr iq:"k

FksA

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps f'k{kk j[kus okys 140 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk

lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k muesa ls] 8 (5.71 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 16 (11.43 %)

mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 72 (51.43 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 44 (31.43 %)

mÙkjnkrk fookfgr iq:"k FksA

f'k{kk vfookfgr fookfgr ;ksx

L=h iq:"k L=h iq:"k

mPp lSds.Mjh 4(9.09%)12(27.27%) 20(45.46%) 8(18.18%) 44(100%)

ds uhps

mPp lsds.Mjh 8(5.71%)16(11.43%)72(51.43%) 44(31.43%) 140(100%)

vkSj Lukrd

ds uhps

Lukrd vkSj 24(11.11%)28(12.96%)92(42.6%) 72(33.33%)216(100%)

Åij

;ksx 6(9%) 56(14%) 184(46%) 124(31%) 400(100%)




blh izdkj Lukrd vkSj Åij f'k{kk j[kus okys 216 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj

fy;k x;k muesa ls] 24 (11.11 %), mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 28 (12.96 %) mÙkjnkrk

vfookfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 92 (42.6 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 72 (33.33 %) mÙkjnkrk

fookfgr iq:"k FksA

(XIX) f'k{kk vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE

BASIS OF EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION):

rkfydk 111&19

f'k{kk vkSj O;olk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&19 esa iznf'kZr gS] f'k{kk vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh



x;k muesa ls] 16 (36.36 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 20 (45.46 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj

dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k 8 (18.18 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps f'k{kk j[kus okys 140 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 80 (57.14 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 28 (20 %)

f'k{kk O;olk; ;ksx

lsok O;kikj is'ksoj@vU; ;k

dk;Z dk;Z lsokfuo`r O;fDr

mPp lSds.Mjh 16 (36.36%) 20 (45.46%) 8 (18.18%) 44 (100%) ds uhps

mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd ds 80 (57.14%) 28 (20%) 32 (22.86%) 140 (100%) uhps

Lukrd vkSj Åij 108 (50%) 28 (12.96%) 80 (37.04%) 216 (100%)

;ksx 204 (51%) 76 (19%) 120 (30%) 400(100%)



mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k 32 (22.86 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr

FksA


fy;k x;k muesa ls] 108 (50 %) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 28 (12.96 %) mÙkjnkrk

O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k 80 (37.04 %) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

(XX) f'k{kk vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS

OF EDUCATION AND INCOME):

rkfydk 111&20

f'k{kk vkSj vk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

f'k{kk vk; ;ksx

:i;s 600@&

ls :i;s

2600@& izfr

eghuk

:i;s 2600@&

ls :i;s

4600@& izfr

eghuk

:i;s 4600@&

vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk

mPp lSds.Mjh

ds uhps

24 (54.55%)

8 (18.18%) 12 (27.27%)

44 (100%)

mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd ds

uhps

32 (22.86%)

84 (60%) 24 (17.14%)

140 (100%)

Lukrd vkSj

Åij

20 (9.26%) 68 (31.48%)

128 (59.26%)

216 (100%)

;ksx 76 (19%) 160 (40%) 164 (41%) 400 (100%) tSlk fd rkfydk 111&20 esa iznf'kZr gS] f'k{kk vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh



x;k muesa ls] 24 (54.55 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 8

(18.18 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 12 (27.27 %)


mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps f'k{kk j[kus okys 140 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 32 (22.86 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk rFkk 84 (60 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k

24 (17.14 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA





fy;k x;k muesa ls] 20 (9.26 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk

68 (31.48 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 128

(59.26 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij vk; okys FksA

(XXI) O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF

OCCUPATION ):

rkfydk 111&21

O;olk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&21 esa iznf'kZr gS] O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :ijs[kk bl

rjg ls gS%


lsok dk;Z esa rFkk 76 (19 %) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa rFkk 'ks"k 120 (30 %) mÙkjnkrk

is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

(XXII) O;olk;] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION

ON THE BASIS OF OCCUPATION, MARITAL-STATUS AND SEX

):

O;olk; mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh la[;k

lsok dk;Z 204 (51%)

O;kikj 76 (19%)

is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr 120 (30%)

;ksx 400 (100%)



rkfydk 111&22

O;olk;] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k



lsok dk;Z esa layXu 204 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 28

(13.73 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 36 (17.65%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k

92 (45.09 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 48 (23.53 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr iq:"k FksA

O;kikj dk;Z esa layXu 76 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k muesa ls] 4

(5.26 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 8 (10.53 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 52

(68.42 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 12 (15.79 %), mÙkjnkrk fookfgr iq:"k FksA

blh izdkj is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr okys 120 (100 %), mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 4 (3.33 %), mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 12 (10 %), mÙkjnkrk

vfokokfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 40 (33.34 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 64 (53.33 %), mÙkjnkrk

fookfgr iq:"k FksA

O;olk; vfookfgr fookfgr ;ksx

h L=h iq:"k L=h iq:"k

lsok dk;Z 28(13.73%)36(17.65%)92(45.09%) 48(23.53%) 204(100%)

O;kikj 4(5.26%) 8(10.53%)52(68.42%) 12(15.79%) 76(100%)

is'ksoj@ vU; 4(3.33%) 12(10%) 40(33.34%) 64(53.33%) 120(100%)

;k lsokfuor

;ksx 36(9%) 56(14%) 184(46%) 124(31%) 400(100%)




(XXIII) O;olk; vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE

BASIS OF OCCUPATION AND INCOME):

rkfydk&23

O;olk; vkSj vk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&23 esa iznf'kZr gS] O;olk; vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh


lsok dk;Z esa layXu 204 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 60



:i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

O;kikj dk;Z esa layXu 76 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 12



:i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij vk; okys FksA

blh izdkj is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr okys 120 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 4 (3.33 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk rFkk 48 (40 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 68

(56.67 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij vk; okys FksA

O;olk; vk; ;ksx

O;olk; :i;s 600@& ls

:i;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk

:i;s 2600@& ls

:i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk

:i;s 4600@&

vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk

lsok dk;Z 60 (29.41%) 88 (43.14%) 56 (27.45%) 204 (100%) O;kikj 12 (15.79%) 24 (31-58%) 40 (52.63%) 76 (100%)

is'ksoj vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr

4 (3.33%) 48 (40%) 68 (56.67%) 120 (100%)

;ksx 76 (19%) 160 (40%) 164 (41%) 400 (100%)



(XXIV) vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF

INCOME ):

rkfydk 111&24

vk; ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

vk; mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh la[;k

:i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk

76 (19%)

:i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr

eghuk

160 (40%)

:i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk 164 (41%) ;ksx 400 (100%)

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&24 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk; ds vk/kkj ij mÙkjnkrkvksaa dh :ijs[kk bl

rjg ls gS%


:i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 160 (40 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls

:i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk rFkk 'ks"k 164 (41 %) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA

(XV) vk;] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (CLASSIFICATION ON

THE BASIS OF INCOME, MARITAL-STATUS AND SEX ):




rkfydk 111&25

vk;] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k

tSlk fd rkfydk 111&25 esa iznf'kZr gS] vk;] oSokfgd&fLFkfr vkSj fyax ds vk/kkj ij


:i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys 76 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 16 (21-05 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 16 (21.05 %)



:i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys 160 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls 4 (2.5 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 28 (17.5 %) mÙkjnkrk

vk; vfookfgr fookfgr ;ksx

L=h iq:"k L=h iq:"k

:i;s 600@&ls 16(21.05%)16(21.05%)28(36.85%)6(21.05%) 76(100%)

:i;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk

:i;s 2600@& ls 4(2.5%) 28(17.5%) 8(42.5%) 60(37.5% ) 160(100%)

:i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk

:i;s 4600@& 16(9.76%)12(7.32%) 88(53.66%)48(29.26%) 164(100%)

vkSj Åij

izfr eghuk

;ksx 36(9%) 56(14%) 184(46%) 124(31%) 400(100%)



vfookfgr iq:"k rFkk 'ks"k 68 (42.5 %) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr L=h] 60 (37.5 %) mÙkjnkrk

fookfgr iq:"k FksA

blh izdkj :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys 164 (100 %) mÙkjnkrkvksaa

dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;k muesa ls] 16 (9.76 %) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr L=h] 12 (7.32 %)



mijksDr ls Li"V gS fd mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk esa vk;q] fyax] oSokfgd&fLFkfr] f'k{kk]

O;olk; rFkk vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZd`r fofHkUu lewg okys miHkksDrkvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

v/;;u ls lEcaf/kr pqus gq, mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls vf/kdrj mÙkjnkrkvksa ds ikl yDl] xksnjst uEcj

ou] ykbQckW; lkcqu gSA

***********




v/;k;&IV

izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k

(A) vk;q ds vuqlkj fo'ys"k.k

(B) fyax ds vuqlkj fo'ys"k.k

(C) oSokfgd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj fo'ys"k.k

(D) f'k{kk ds vuqlkj fo'ys"k.k

(E) O;olk; ds vuqlkj fo'ys"k.k

(F) vk; ds vuqlkj fo'ys"k.k



v/;k; & IV

izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k

(RESPONSE ANALYSIS)

izLrqr v/;k; esa v/;;u {ks= esa lfEefyr t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa }kjk tks mÙkj izkIr

gq, mudk fo'ys"k.k dj mUgsa izfr'kr ds vk/kkj ij O;Dr fd;k x;k gS] tks rrh; v/;k; esa

'kkfey fd, tkus okys oxhZdr miHkksDrkvksa ls lEcaf/kr gSA mijksDr izR;qÙkj lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj ls lEcaf/kr gSA

izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k fuEu gS

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV-1 esa vk;q ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa

dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS% ftls mUgksaus izR;sd rRo dks LFkku fn;k

gSA

192 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] bues ls 126 (65.63%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 66 (34.37%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA mlh rjg 128 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 70 (54.69%)

mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 58 (45.31%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds

FksA 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 28 (51.85%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg vkSj 'ks"k 26

(48.15%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA bu lHkh 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (33.33%)

mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA

mlh izdkj 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (70%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 6 (30%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA

30 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks u rks egRoiw.kZ@ u gh

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 22 (73.33%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 8 (26.67%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA mlh izdkj 150 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 104 (69.33%)



mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 46 (30.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg dss FksA

136 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls] 72 (52.94%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 64

(47.06%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 84 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 42

(50%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 42 (50%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg dss FksA

blh rjg] 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds ,d Hkh ugha FksA 38 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa

ls 24 (63.16%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 14 (36.84%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70

o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 110 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 66 (60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ

vkSj 'ks"k 44 (40%) 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 196 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 114 (58.16%)


FksA blh rjg 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 34 (62.96%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 20

(37.04%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA




% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 2(v) esa vk;q vkSj f'k{kk% (18&45 o"kZ) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k bues ls 2 (1.59%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 28 (22.22%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps f'kf{kr Fks] tcfd 'ks"k 96 (76.19%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu


mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps f'kf{kr o 'ks"k 50 (71.43%) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (50%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps]

8 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 6 (21.43%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 2(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k tks fd mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds

uhps f'kf{kr FksA 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (71.43%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss

uhps] 'ks"k 4 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA

22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @

u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd

ds uhps] 'ks"k 12 (54.55%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 104 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 2 (1.92%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 18 (17.31%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps o 'ks"k 84 (80.77%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 72(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 12 (16.67%) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 26 (36-11%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 34




(47.22%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 42 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2

(4.76%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ls uhps] 14 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 26 (61.91%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps

f'kf{kr FksA 24 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (58.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 8 (33-

33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 2 (8.33%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd

vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 36 (54.55%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr

FksA 114 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 24 (21.05%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k

90 (78.95%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 34 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 2 (5.88%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 4 (11.77%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds

uhps] tcfd 'ks"k 28 (82.35%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA



% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 2(c) esa vk;q vkSj f'k{kk% (46 & 70 o"kZ) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr fd;k

x;k gS%

66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;k] bues ls 8 (12.12%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps vkSj 30 (45-46%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhpss] 'ks"k 28 (42.42) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr

FksA blh izdkj 58 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (10.35%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps ]

30 (51.72%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 22 (37.93%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 26 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 12 (46.15%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 10 (38.46%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd

dss uhps] 'ks"k 4 (15.39%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 4

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k]

buesa ls 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 2 (50%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr Fks A 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh

uhps o 'ks"k 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (75%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 'ks"k 2

(25%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 46 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (8-

70%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 8 (17.39%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj

Lukrd dss uhps o 'ks"k 34 (73.91%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg




egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (9.38%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 44

(68.75%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 14 (21.87%) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 42 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw

dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 12 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 20 (47.62%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k

10 (23.81%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA

blh rjg] 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (14.29%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj

Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 12 (85.71%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj

44 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 2 (4.55%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 34 (77.27%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 8 (18.18%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij

f'kf{kr FksA 82 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 22 (26.83%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 22 (26.83%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 38 (46.34%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 4 (20%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 14

(70%) mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 2 (10%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij

f'kf{kr FksA




% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 3(v) esa vk;q% (18 & 45 o"kZ) vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs


x;k gS%

126 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] mues ls 78 (61.90%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 18

(14.29%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 30 (23.81%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @

vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA 70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M

Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa

layXu] 12 (17.14%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 28 (40%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj

@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA blh rjg 28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 20 (71.43%) mÙkjnkrk lsok

dk;Z esa] 6 (21.43%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 2 (7.14%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @

vU; ;k lsok fuor O;fDr FksA 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FkssA 14

(100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k]

buesa ls 10 (71.43%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 4 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk

is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks u rks egRoiw.kZ

@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2

(9.09%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 6 (27.27%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 104 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher

dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 46 (44.23%) mÙkjnkrk lsok

dk;Z esa layXu] 14 (13.46%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 44 (42.31%)

mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA blh rjg 72 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 62

(86.11%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 4 (5.56%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k




6 (8.33%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA 42 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] muesa ls 18 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 16 (38.09%) mÙkjnkrk

O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 8 (19-05%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

blh rjg] 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA 24 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

22 (91.67%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2 (8.33%) O;kikj esa layXu FksA blh

izdkj 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 46 (69.70%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 10 (15.15%)

mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 10 (15.15%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor

O;fDr FksA 114 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 50 (43.86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 10

(8.77%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 54 (47.37%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr FksA blh rjg 34 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 20 (58.82%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu]

'ks"k 14 (41.18%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu FksA



% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 3(c) esa vk;q% (46 & 70 o"kZ) vkSj O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr

fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] mues ls 32 (48.49%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 18(27.27%)

mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 16 (24.24%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 58 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 12 (20.69%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu]

14 (24.14%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 32 (55.17%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @

vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA blh rjg 26 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 18 (69.23%) mÙkjnkrk lsok

dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 8 (30.77%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu FksA blh rjg 4 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2

(50%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu Fks] 'ks"k 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k

lsok fuor O;fDr FksA 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA


@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh 8 (100%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA

46 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh


(8.69%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 22 (47.83%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 64 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks



egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (15.63%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa

layXu] 30 (46.87%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 24 (37.5%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj

@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 42 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 26 (61.90%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 6 (14.29%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 10 (23-

81%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

blh rjg] 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA

blh izdkj 44 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd


(27.27%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 22 (50%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 82 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (36.58%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 28

(34.15%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 24 (29.27%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr FksA blh rjg 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls 10 (50%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k

10 (50%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA




l kj . kh (v ) IV-4

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 4(v) esa vk;q% (18 & 45 o"kZ) vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs


x;k gS%


egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k mues ls] 16 (12.70%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk] 50 (39.68%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk]

'ks"k 60 (47.62) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (8.57%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk]

30 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 34

(38.57%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 28

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k]

buesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 2


buesa 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 14 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2

(14.29%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 'ks"k 12 (85-

71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@&




ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 6 (27.27%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s

4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA 104 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 22 (21.15%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 30 (28.85%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls

:i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 72 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax


:Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 52 (72.22%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@&

ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 10 (13.89%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij

izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 42 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;


mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 4 (9.52%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 20 (47.62%) :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij

izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk

okys FksA 24 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 10 (41.67%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s

2600@& izfr eghuk] 10 (41.67%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr



eghuk] 'ks"k 4 (16.67%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

A blh izdkj 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (3.03%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk] 30 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk]

'ks"k 34 (51.52%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 114

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k

muesa ls] 28 (24.56%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 38

(33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 48

(42.11%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 34 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls

10 (29.41%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 14 (41.18%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 10 (29.41%) mÙkjnkrk

:Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA




l kj . kh (c) IV-4

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 4(c) esa vk;q% (46 & 70 o"kZ) vkSj vk; ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%

66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k mues ls] 6 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk


ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 40 (60.61%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij

izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 58 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (6.90%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s



blh rjg 26 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (53.85%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s

2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 10 (38.46%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk vk;] 'ks"k 2 (7.69%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk;

okys FksA 4 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls lHkh mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk;

okys Fks A 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys

FksA


egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s

2600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 46 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (8.69%) mÙkjnkrk



izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 64 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;




jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (6.25%) mÙkjnkrk


ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 32 (50%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA 42 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 8 (19.05%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 20 (47.62%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls

:i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 14 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA


vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 4 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s


eghuk okys FksA blh izdkj 44 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 24 (54.55%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls

:i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 20 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij

izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 82 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 20 (24.39%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s



20 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k muesa ls 12 (60%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 8

(40%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA



l kj . kh IV-5

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV-5 esa fyax ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu

rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] mues ls 58 (30.21%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 134 (69.79%) mÙkjnkrk

L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 128 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 84 (65.63%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 44

(34.37%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh rjg 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 22 (40.74%)

mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 32 (59.26%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 6 (100%)


(33.33%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k vkSj 'ks"k 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA

blh izdkj 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (70%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 6 (30%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax

lewg ds FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 10 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 20

(66.67%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 150 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 70

(46.67%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k vkSj 'ks"k 80 (53.33%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA

blh rjg 136 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @



u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 46 (33.82%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 90

(66.18%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA

blh rjg 84 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 54 (64.29%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k

30 (35.71%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA

blh rjg 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k fyax lewg ds FksA blh rjg

ls 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (26.32%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 28 (73.68%) mÙkjnkrk L=h

fyax lewg ds FksA 110 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 40 (36.36%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 70 (63-64)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 196 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 106 (54.08%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k]

'ks"k 90 (45.92%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 22 (40.74%)

mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 32 (59.26%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA




l kj . kh (v ) IV-6

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV-6 (v) esa fyax vkSj vk;q% (iq:"k) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



LFkku fn;k] mues ls 30 (51.72%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 28 (48.28%)




FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg vkSj 'ks"k 12

(54.55%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh rjg 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

esa ls lHkh mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ ds vk;q lewg ds Fks] ftUgksusa lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 8 (57.14%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ

vkSj 'ks"k 6 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls lHkh 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 70 (100%)


fn;k] buesa ls 46 (65.71%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 24 (34.29%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg dss FksA 46 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 26

(56.52%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 20 (43.48%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70




o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 18 (33.33%)


FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 10

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 40 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 18

(45%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 22 (55%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds

FksA 106 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 60 (56.60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 46 (43.40%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 10 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk

18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 12 (54.55%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA



l kj . kh (v ) IV-6

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV-6 (c) esa fyax vkSj vk;q% (L=h) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



LFkku fn;k] mues ls 96 (71.64%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 38 (28.36%)



mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 26 (59.10%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA

32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 18 (56.25%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg] 'ks"k 14 (43-75%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh rjg 4 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa usa lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls

45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 6 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh

mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 12 (60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 8 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 80 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 58 (72.5%)

mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 22 (27.5%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg dss



FksA 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u

gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 46 (51.11%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 44

(48.89%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 30 (100%)


fn;k] buesa ls 24 (80%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 6 (20%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70

o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls 14 (50%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 14 (50%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 70 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 48 (68.57%)


90 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k]

buesa ls 54 (60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vkSj 'ks"k 36 (40%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70

o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 24 (75%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 8

(25%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA




l kj . kh (v ) IV-7

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 7 (v) esa fyax vkSj f'k{kk% (iq:"k) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



LFkku fn;k bues ls 10 (17.24%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps f'kf{kr

Fks] tcfd 'ks"k 48 (82.76) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 84

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 2 (2.38%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 38 (45.24%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps 'ks"k 44 (52.38%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij

f'kf{kr FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 16 (72.73%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 4


Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj

Lukrd ds uhps f'kf{kr FksA 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (14.28%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps]

6 (42.86%) mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps o 'ks"k 6 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (20%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 'ks"k 8

(80%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2

(2.86%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 18 (25.71%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd dss uhps o 'ks"k 50 (71.43%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (8.69%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 20







mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 20 (37.04%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k



egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls lHkh mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps f'kf{kr

FksA blh rjg ls] 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 'ks"k

4 (40%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 40 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 22 (55%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 18 (45%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr FksA 106 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 14 (13.21%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 26

(24.53%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 66 (62.26%) mÙkjnkrk


dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 10 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj

Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 12 (54.55%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA



l kj . kh (c) IV-7

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 7 (c) esa fyax vkSj f'k{kk% (L=h) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] bues ls 10 (7.46%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 48

(35.82) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] tcfd 'ks"k 76 (56.72)




ds uhps] 'ks"k 28 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 32 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k]

buesa ls 10 (31.25%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 14 (43.75%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 8 (25%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr

FksA blh izdkj 4 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps]

'ks"k 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr Fks A 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%)

mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps 'ks"k 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr

FksA

20 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u

gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (30%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhpss] 8 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 6 (30%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij

f'kf{kr FksA 80 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ

@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (5%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 8

(10%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 68 (85%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd



vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax

dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (15.55%) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 50 (55.56%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps 'ks"k 26


Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14



blh rjg] 28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 8 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps]

10 (35.71%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps]'ks"k 10 (35.71%)


Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (2.86%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 42 (60%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k

26 (37.14%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 8 (8.89%)


dss uhps] 'ks"k 62 (68.89%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 32

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k

buesa ls] 6 (18.75%) mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 8 (25%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj

Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 18 (56.25%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA




% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

l kj . kh (v ) IV-8



lkj.kh IV- 8(v) fyax vkSj O;olk;% (iq:"k) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



LFkku fn;k] bues ls 26 (44.83%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 8 (13.79%)

mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 24 (41.38) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor

O;fDr FksA 84 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 38 (45.24%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 4


lsokfuor O;fDr FksA blh rjg 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa] 8

(36.36%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu FksA 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls lHkh mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsokfuor O;fDr FkssA 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k

8 (57.14%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA


@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (20%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2

(20%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k

lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (42. 86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z

esa layXu] 'ks"k 40 (57.14%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsok fuor O;fDr FksA mlh

rjg 46 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh






lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 22 (40.74%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa


@ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

blh rjg] 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA 10 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa

lHkh mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA blh izdkj 40 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 22 (55%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2 (5%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 16 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 106 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 40 (37-74%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 16 (15.09%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 50

(47.17%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 10 (45.45%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2 (9.10%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 10

(45.45%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA



l kj . kh (c) IV-8

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 8(c) fyax vkSj O;olk;% (L=h) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k bues ls 84 (62.69%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 28

(20.89%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 22 (16.42) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 44 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu]

22 (50%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 18 (40.91%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA blh rjg 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 24 (75%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa] 6

(18.75%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 2 (6.25%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @

vU; ;k lsokfuor

O;fDr FksA 4 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FkssA 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor

O;fDr FksA

20 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo

dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls lHkh 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrk

lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA 80 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 36 (45%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa




@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA mlh rjg 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 42 (46.67%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu 32 (35.35%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 16

(17.78%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 30 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls

22 (73.33%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 6 (20%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa lyaXu 'ks"k

2 (6.67%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

blh rjg 28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 26 (92.86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu]

'ks"k 2 (7-14%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu FksA blh izdkj 70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 34

(48.57%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 20 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa

layXu] 'ks"k 16 (22.86%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 90


muesa ls] 40 (44.44%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 22 (24.44%) mÙkjnkrk

O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 28 (31.11%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r FksA 32

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k

muesa ls 20 (62.5%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 12 (37.5%) mÙkjnkrk

is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA




l kj . kh (v ) IV-9

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 9 (v) esa fyax vkSj vk;% (iq:"k) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



LFkku fn;k mues ls] 4 (6.90%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk] 26 (44.83%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk]

'ks"k 28 (48.27%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 84


fn;k] buesa ls 8 (9.52%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 46

(54.76%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk 'ks"k 30



buesa ls 18 (81.82%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk

vk;] 2 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 'ks"k 2


mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2

(14.29%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 'ks"k 12

(85.71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 2


buesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA


egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls

:Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 2 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (14.29%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s


eghuk] 'ks"k 26 (37.14%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (21.74%) :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk] 34 (73.91%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k




2 (4.35%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 54 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 10 (18.52%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk] 18 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& vkSj :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k

26 (48.15%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s

2600@& izfr eghuk eghuk okys FksA blh izdkj 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh 10 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 40 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2

(5%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 22 (55%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 16 (40%) mÙkjnkrk

:Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 106 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 10 (9.44%) mÙkjnkrk



izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls 8 (36.36%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s





l kj . kh (c) IV-9

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 9 (c) esa fyax vkSj vk;% (L=h) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



LFkku fn;k mues ls] 18 (13.43%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk] 44 (32.84%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 72


mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

2 (4.55%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 12 (27.27%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk 'ks"k 30 (68.18%) mÙkjnkrk

:Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 24

(75%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 'ks"k 8

(25%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 4

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 2 (50%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 2

(50%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 6 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA


egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 8 (40%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls

:Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 4 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 8 (40%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

80 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u

gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 16 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk] 16 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 48

(60%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 90



(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (4.44%) :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 46

(51.11%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 40

(44.45%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA 30 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 16 (53.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk] 6 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& vkSj :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 8

(26.67%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA

28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (14.29%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk vk;] 10 (35.71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr

eghuk] 'ks"k 14 (50%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA

70 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 32 (45.71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk]




(17.78%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 36 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (6.25%)


2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 16 (50%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj

Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA




% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV-10 esa oSokfgd fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa

}kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS%


egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] mues ls 26 (13.54%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 166

(86.46%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 128 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 38 (29.69%) mÙkjnkrk

vfookfgr] 'ks"k 90 (70.31%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA blh rjg] 54 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

22 (40.74%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 32 (59.26%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 6


buesa lHkh 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (30%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr]

'ks"k 14 (70%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA


egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (20%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 24

(80%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 150 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (20%) mÙkjnkrk

vfookfgr] 'ks"k 120 (80%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 136 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 38




(27.94%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 98 (72-06%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA blh izdkj

ls 84 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u

gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 18 (21.43%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 66

(78.57%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 38 (100%)


ls 10 (26.32%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 28 (73.68%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA

110 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 10 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 100 (90.91%) mÙkjnkrk

fookfgr FksA 196 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 50 (25.51%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr] 'ks"k 146

(74.49%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 22 (40.74%) mÙkjnkrk vfookfgr]

'ks"k 32 (59.26%) mÙkjnkrk fookfgr FksA



l kj . kh (v ) IV-11

% % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV-11 (v) oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj vk;q% (vfookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] mues ls 14 (53.85%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 12 (46.15%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (36.84%)


22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;k] buesa lHkh 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 6 (100%)


6 (100%)mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 4

(66.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 30 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

22 (73.33%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 8 (26.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ

vk;q lewg ds FksA 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 22 (57.89%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ]

'ks"k 16 (42.11%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA bl izdkj dqy 18

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (55.56%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 8

(44.44%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg dss FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 4 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45

o"kZ] 'ks"k 4 (40%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 50 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (60%)

mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 20 (40%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA lHkh

22 100%) mÙkjnkrk ftUgksusa lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k buesa ls] 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZs] 'ks"k 8 (36.36%) mÙkjnkrk 46

ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA



l kj . kh (c) IV-11

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV-11 (c) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj vk;q% (fookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] mues ls 112 (67-47%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 54 (32.53%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh rjg] ftu 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 56 (62-

22%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 34 (37.78%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg

ds FksA 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (18.75%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 26 (81.25%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk

18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 14

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k]

buesa ls 8 (57.14%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 6 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70

o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 20 (83.33%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 4

(16.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 120 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

82 (68.33%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 38 (31.67%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70

o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 98 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks



u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 50 (51.02%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls

45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 48 (48.98%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA dqy 66

(100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 32 (48.48%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 34

(51.52%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg dss FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 28 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls


vk;q lewg ds FksA 100 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 60 (60%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45 o"kZ] 'ks"k 40 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 146 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 84 (57.53%) mÙkjnkrk 18 ls 45

o"kZ] 'ks"k 62 (42.47%) mÙkjnkrk 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds FksA 32 (100%)

mÙkjnkrk ftUgksausa lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls]


vk;q lewg ds FksA





% % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV-12 (v) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj fyax% (vfookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] mues ls 6 (23.08%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 20 (76.92%) mÙkjnkrk L=h

fyax lewg ds FksA dqy 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (78.95%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 8

(21.05%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh rjg 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (63.64%)

mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 8 (36.36%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 6 (100%)


mÙkjnkrk iq:"k fyax lewg ds FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 4 (66.67%)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA dqy 30 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (46.67%)

mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 16 (53.33%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh izdkj


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 26 (68.42%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 12 (31.58%)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh rjg 18 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs




le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (77.78%)


blh rjg] 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 4 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 4 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 50 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 30 (60%) mÙkjnkrk

iq:"k] 'ks"k 20 (40%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds Fks] bUgksausa Ø; djrs le; jax dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;kA blh izdkj 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k]

'ks"k 8 (36.36%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA



l kj . kh (c) IV-12

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV-12 (c) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj fyax% (fookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] mues ls 52 (31.33%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 114 (68.67%) mÙkjnkrk

L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 54 (60%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 36 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh rjg 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 8 (25%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k

24 (75%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k

4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh izdkj] 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcq dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 8 (57.14%)



u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 8 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 16 (66.67%)

mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 120 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 56 (46.67%)

mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 64 (53.33%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh rjg 98




LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 20 (20.41%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 78 (79.59%) mÙkjnkrk

L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 40 (60.61%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k vkSj

'ks"k 26 (39.39%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k fyax lewg ds FksA 28

(100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] ftuesa ls 4 (14.29%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 24 (85.71%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax

lewg ds FksA 100 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 34 (34%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k 66 (66%) mÙkjnkrk

L=h fyax lewg ds FksA blh izdkj 146 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 76 (52.05%) mÙkjnkrk iq:"k] 'ks"k

70 (47.95%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dkss vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 8 (25%) mÙkjnkrk

iq:"k] 'ks"k 24 (75%) mÙkjnkrk L=h fyax lewg ds FksA





% % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 13 (v) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj f'k{kk% (vfookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k] bues ls 2 (7.69%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] tcfd

'ks"k 24 (92.31) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 38 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa

ls 20 (52.63%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 18 (47-37%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 2 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 6

(27.27%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 6 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2

(33.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 'ks"k 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr Fks A


@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhpss]

'ks"k 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA dqy 30 (100%)


fn;k] buesa ls 4 (13.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 8 (26.67%) mÙkjnkrk




mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps o 'ks"k 18 (60%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr

FksA blh rjg 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ

@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (10.53%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps]


mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA dqy 18 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4

(22.22%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 8 (44.44%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh


blh rjg] 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 8 (80%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 'ks"k 2 (20-%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA

dqy 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 50 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 8 (16%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 12 (24%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss

uhps] 'ks"k 30 (60%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 22 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls]


mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA



l kj . kh (c) IV-13

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 13 (c) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj f'k{kk% (fookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr

fd;k x;k gS%

166(100%)mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;k] bues ls 10 (6.02%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 56 (33.73%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhpss] tcfd 'ks"k 100 (60.25) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj] dqy 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (6.67%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 30 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k

54 (60%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 12 (37.5%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 16 (50%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss

uhps] 'ks"k 4 (12.5%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj 6


buesa ls 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 2 (33.33%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr Fks A 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (71.43%) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 4 (28.57%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr Fks

A


@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (8.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhpss]

10 (41.67%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 12 (50) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA dqy 120 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (1.67%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 18 (15%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss

uhps o 'ks"k 100 (83.33%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 98




LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (14.28%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 62 (63.27%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 22 (22.45%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr FksA dqy 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (15.15%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh

ds uhps] 26 (39.39%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 30

(45.46%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps f'kf{kr FksA

dqy 28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (21.43%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 10


Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 100 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 2 (2%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps]

64 (64%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 34 (34%) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 146 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 14 (9.59%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds

uhps] 34 (23.29%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 98 (67.12%)

mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh izdkj dqy 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls] 6 (18.75%)

mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 6 (18.75%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k






% % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 14 (v) oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj O;olk;% (vfookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] bues ls 14 (53.85%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 12

(46.15) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 34

(89.48%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2 (5.26%) mRrjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu]

'ks"k 2 (5.26%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsok fuo`r O;fDr FksA blh rjg 22


buesa ls 12 (54.55%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa] 'ks"k 10 (45.45%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj

esa layXu FksA 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 2

(33.33%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA




lsok fuor O;fDr FksA A 30 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 22 (73.33%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z




esa layXu] 'ks"k 8 (26.67%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA mlh rjg




lsok fuor O;fDr FksA 18 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 14 (77.78%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa

layXu] 'ks"k 4 (22.22%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA

blh rjg 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA blh

izdkj 10 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 4 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA 50 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø;

djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 34 (68%) mÙkjnkrk lsok

dk;Z esa layXu] 10 (20%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 6 (12%) mÙkjnkrk

is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 14 (63.64%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa

layXu] 2 (9.09%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 6 (27.27%) mÙkjnkrk

is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA



l kj . kh (c) IV-14

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 14 (c) oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj O;olk;% (fookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k bues ls 96 (57.83%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 36 (21.69%)

mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 34 (20.48%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r

O;fDr FksA 90 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 8 (8.89%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 24


;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA blh rjg 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 26 (81.25%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa]

4 (12.5%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 2 (6.25%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA A 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k

2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrk

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (42.86%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 8 (57.14%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor

O;fDr FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 20 (83.33%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k

4 (16.67%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA A 120 (100%)


fn;k] buesa ls 44 (36.67%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 18 (15%) mÙkjnkrk

O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 58 (48.33%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

mlh rjg 98 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @

u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 46 (46.94%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 28




;k lsok fuo`r O;fDr FksA 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 30 (45.46%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z

esa layXu] 18 (27.27%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 18 (27.27%) mÙkjnkrk



egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu FksA izdkj 28 (100%)


ls 26 (92.86%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 2 (7.14%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj

esa layXu FksA 100 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 50 (50%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 22 (22%)

mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 28 (28%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor FksA

146 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku


O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 72 (49.31%) mRrjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA

dqy 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 16 (50%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 12 (37.5%) mÙkjnkrk

O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 4 (12.5%) mRrjnkrk is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA





% % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 15 (v) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj vk;% (vfookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%


LFkku fn;k mues ls] 2 (7.69%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk]

2 (7.69%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 22


mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa

ls 10 (26.32%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 22

(57.89%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 6 (15.79%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 22 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

20 (90.91%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 'ks"k 2


mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k muesa lHkh

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA



ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 2 (33.34%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys

FksA 30 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u

gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s

2600@& izfr eghuk] 10(33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 10 (33.34%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk;

okys FksA blh rjg 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (36.84%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@&





4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 10 (26.32%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk

vk; okys FksA 18 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks


ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 6 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& vkSj :i;s

4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 6 (33-33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij vk; okys

FksA

blh rjg] 10 (100%) djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 4 (40%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;]

6 (60%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 10 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6

(60%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& :i; eghuk] 'ks"k 4 (40%)

mÙkjnkrk 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 50 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 18 (36%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 22 (44%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 10 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj

Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 22 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls 10 (45.46%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls

:Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 4 (18-18%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@&

izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 8 (36.36%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys

FksA



% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

l kj . kh (c) IV-15




lkj.kh IV- 15 (c) esa oSokfgd fLFkfr vkSj vk;% (fookfgr) ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø;


fd;k x;k gS%



izfr eghuk] 68 (40.96%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k

78 (46.99%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 90


fn;k] muesa ls 36 (40%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k

54 (60%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 32


buesa ls 22 (68.75%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk

vk;] 8 (25%) mÙkjnkrk :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 2


mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ muesa ls 4 (66.67%)


:Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 14 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcq dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (14.29%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 12 (85.71%) mÙkjnkrk

:Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA



ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 4 (16.67%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s

4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 12 (50%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk

vk; okys FksA 120 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks

egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 16 (13.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@&





eghuk vk; okys FksA blh rjg 98 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax


:Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 32 (32.65%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

4600@& vkSj Åij vk; okys FksA 66 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;



2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 28 (42.42%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@&

vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls lHkh mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA 28 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (35.71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls

2600@& izfr eghuk vk;] 10 (35.71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s

4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 8 (28.57%) :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys

FksA 100 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu

LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (2%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk]

48 (48%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 50 (50%)

mÙkjnkrk 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 146 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 30 (20.55%)


2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 68 (46.57%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@&

vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 32 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls 22 (68.75%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

2600@& ls 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 10 (31.25%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj

Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA




f' k{kk d s v uql kj fo' y s"k. k

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 16 esa f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu



egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] bues ls 10 (5.21%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 58 (30-

21%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 124 (64.58%) mÙkjnkrk

Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 128 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M

Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (4.69%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss

uhps] 50 (39.06%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k 72


Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 26 (48.15%)


dss uhps] 'ks"k 10 (18.52%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 6 (100%)



Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (10%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss

uhps] 10 (50%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 8 (40%) mÙkjnkrk



@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 6 (20%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 10


Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA blh rjg 150 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 6 (4%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 26 (17.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps 'ks"k

118 (78.67%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA dqy 136 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 18 (13.24%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 70 (51.47%)




mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps 'ks"k 48 (35.29%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr FksA 84 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls

14 (16.67%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps] 34 (40-48%) mÙkjnkrk mPp

lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 36 (42.86%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr

FksA

blh rjg ls 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; xq.koÙkk dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj

Lukrd dss uhps f'kf{kr FksA 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (36.84%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss

uhps] 10 (26.32%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd dss uhps] 'ks"k 14 (36.84%)


Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (1.82%) mÙkjnkrk

mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 64 (58.18%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps] 'ks"k

44 (40%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 196 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu

Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 22 (11.22%)

mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 46 (23.47%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd

dss uhps] 'ks"k 128 (65.31%) mÙkjnkrk Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr FksA 54 (100%)

mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 6

(11.11%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh dss uhps] 18 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk mPp lSds.Mjh




% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %




lkj.kh IV- 17 esa O;olk; ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk

fofHkUu rRoksa dks fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS%


egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k bues ls 110 (57.29%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 36


;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 128 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo

dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 42 (32.81%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu]

26 (20-31%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 60 (46.88%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA blh izdkj 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 38 (70.37%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa]

14 (25.93%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 2 (3.70%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU;

;k lsok fuor O;fDr FksA 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2

(33.33%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us

lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 10 (50%)

mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 'ks"k 10 (50%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuor

O;fDr FksA




lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 150 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u

rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 66 (44%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z

esa layXu] 18(12%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 66 (44%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @

vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA mlh rjg 136 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs

le; jax dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 72 (52.94%)



mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 34 (25%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa lyaXu 'ks"k 30

(22.06%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA 84 (100%)



O;kikj esa layXu 'ks"k 18 (21.43%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA


vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu FksA

38 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku

fn;k] buesa ls 36 (94.74%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa layXu] 2 (5.26%) mÙkjnkrk

O;kikj esa layXu FksA blh izdkj 110 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

dher dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 56 (50.91%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa

layXu] 22 (20%) mÙkjnkrk O;kikj esa layXu] 'ks"k 32 (29.09%) mÙkjnkrk is'ksoj @

vU; ;k lsokfuo`r O;fDr FksA 196 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax

dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k muesa ls] 80 (40.82%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa


is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr FksA 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 30 (55.56%) mÙkjnkrk lsok dk;Z esa






l kj . kh IV-18

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %



lkj.kh IV- 18 esa vk; ds vk/kkj ij lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu




izfr eghuk] 70 (36.46%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k

100 (52.08) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys gSA 128


fn;k] buesa ls 10 (7.81%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 58

(45.31%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk 'ks"k 60



buesa ls 42 (77.78%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 10

(18.52%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk 'ks"k] 2 (3.70%)

mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 6 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; jax dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 4 (66.67%)

mÙkjnkrk 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 2 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk 4600@&

vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys Fks A 20 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le;

[kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 2 (10%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls

:Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 18 (90%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr

eghuk vk; okys FksA


egRoiw.kZ @ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 10 (33.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s

600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 6 (20%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s

4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 14 (46.67%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij vk;

okys FksA 150 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks u rks egRoiw.kZ

@ u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 26 (17.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s





eghuk] 'ks"k 74 (49.33%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA


u gh egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (10.29%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s


eghuk] 'ks"k 42 (30-88%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr efguk vk; okys FksA

84 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks u rks egRoiw.kZ @ u gh

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa ls 26 (30.95%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s


eghuk] 'ks"k 30 (40.48%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij vk; okys FksA


egRoghu LFkku fn;k] muesa lHkh 2 (100%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 38 (100%) mÙkjnkrk us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; czk.M Nfo dks

vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 14 (36.84%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s


eghuk] 'ks"k 14 (36.84%) mÙkjnkrkvksa :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys

FksA dqy 110 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; dher dks vR;f/kd

egRoghu LFkku fn;k] buesa ls 2 (1.82%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@&

izfr eghuk] 54 (49.09%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk]




(35.71%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 2600@& ls 4600@& izfr eghuk] 'ks"k 78 (39.80%)

mRrjnkrk :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA 54 (100%) mÙkjnkrkvksa

us lkcqu Ø; djrs le; [kq'kcw dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;k buesa ls 10

(18.52%) mÙkjnkrk :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr eghuk] 26 (48.15%)


:Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys FksA



mijksDr ls Li"V gS fd lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRoksa dks

fn, tkus okys egRo ds Lrj ls lEcaf/kr izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k dj mUgsa izfr'kr ds vk/kkj

ij O;Dr fd;k x;k gS tks fd oxhZdr miHkksDrkvksa ls lEcaf/kr gSA




v/;k;&V

ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p



v/;k; & V

ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p

(TESTING OF HYPOTHESES)

ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k ds vUrxZr bl ckr dh tk¡p dh tkrh gS fd voyksfdr lkaf[;dh eki

vkSj ifjdfYir lkaf[;dh eki (izkpy) esa D;k dksbZ lekurk gS vFkok ugh\ ;fn muesa dksbZ vUrj

gS rks ;g vUrj lkFkZd gS ;k ugha\ bl ckr dh tk¡p djuk gh ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k gSA vr% izR;k'kk

o voyksfdr vkofÙk;ksa ds varj dh tk¡p djuk gh ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k dgykrk gSA

iwoZ Li"V gS fd ifjdYiuk dk xBu nks Lrjksa ij fd;k x;k gS% ifjdYiuk dk izFke Lrj

dsUnzh; ,ao f}rh; Lrj oxhZdj.k ?kVdksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA bl izdkj dqy lksyg ifjdYiukvksa dk

fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA fun'kZu dh i}fr lfopkj ;k mís';iw.kZ FkhA dkbZ oxZ ijh{k.k dk p;u pjksa esa

lkgp;Z dk ijh{k.k djus ds fy, dh xbZA lHkh lksyg ifjdYiukvksa esa ls dsUnzh; ifjdYiuk crkrh

gS fd ^^lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; miHkksDrkvksa }kjk lkcqu

Ø; djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA** bu ifjdYiuk dks 'kqU; vFkok fujkdj.kh; ifjdYiuk ds uke

ls tkuk tkrk gSA

X2 dh lkaf[;dh x.kuk ds Øe esa izR;kf'kr vkofÙk dh x.kuk] lEHkkouk ds fl}kUr ds

vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA ;fn nks ?kVuk,¡ lkaf[;dh :i ls Lora= gS rks mudh la;qDr izkf;drk

mRikn ds nks lhekUr izkf;drk dk xq.kuQy gksrh gSA izR;kf'kr vkofÙk;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy,

fuEufyf[kr lw= dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS%

bl rjg ls izR;kf'kr vkofÙk dks izkIr djus ds fy, izR;sd iafDr dh lhekUr vkofÙk dks

izR;sd LrEHk dh lhekUr vkofÙk ls xq.kk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl xq.kuQy dks mlds lEiw.kZ ;ksx ls

Hkkx fd;k tkrk gSA rRi'pkr~ vxzlw= ds iz;ksx ls dkbZ&oxZ (Chi – Square) ewY; (X2) dh

x.kuk dh xbZ%

IJ =

[(Total of Ist

row) (Total of Jth Column)]

G.T. (Grand Total)




=

tgk¡ f0 = izR;sd dks"B ds fy, voyksfdr vkofÙk gSA

fe = izR;sd dks"B ds fy, izR;kf'kr vkofÙk gSA

LokrU«; dksfV] ftls la{ksi esa d.f. fy[kk tkrk gS]bldk rkRi;Z ,d lead Js.kh ds ,sls

oxksZ ls gS ftldh vofÙk;k¡ Lora= :i ls fu/kkZfjr dh tk ldrh gSA Lora= vkofÙk;k¡ dh la[;k gh

okLro esa LokrU«; la[;k ;k LokrU«;ka'k dgykrh gS] ftldk lw= bl izdkj gS%

tgk¡ r = iafDr;ksa dh la[;k gSA

c = LrEHkksa dh la[;k gSA

vr% lHkh lkjf.k;ksa esa ik¡p iafDr ,ao rhu LrEHk gksus dh otg ls LokrU«; dksfV dh x.kuk

fuEu izdkj ls dh xbZ%

dkbZ oxZ vkSj LokrU«;ka'k (d.f.) dks Kkr djus ds ckn X2

rkfydk esa ls ,d fuf'pr

fo'okL;rk Lrj 0-95 ij rFkk 8 LokrU=; la[;k ls lEcaf/kr dkbZ oxZ ewY; dks ns[k fy;k x;kA

rRi'pkr~ ifjxf.kr ewY; vkSj lkj.kh ewY; dh rqyuk dj fuHkZj vkSj LorU= pjksa dk fu.kZ; fy;k

x;kA vr% lkj.kh ewY;] ifjxf.kr ewY; ls de gksus dh fLFkfr esa ifjdYiuk vLohdr dh xbZA

X2

(fo - fe)2

fe

d.f. = ( r-1) ( c-1)

d.f. = ( 5-1) ( 3-1) = 8



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

lEiw.kZ (Over All)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 192 80 2 80 && 80 194

czk.M

Nfo

128 80 38 80 30 80 196

dher 54 80 110 80 150 80 314

jax 6 80 196 80 136 80 338

[kq'kcw 20 80 54 80 84 80 158

;ksx 400 400 400 1200

f0 = observed Frequency (voyksfdr vkofÙk)

fe = expected Frequency (izR;kf'kr vkofÙk)

1- 'kwU; ifjdYiuk (H0) : lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i

ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le;

miHkksDrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus

dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA

2- LokrU«; dksfV(Degree of Freedom) : 8

3- fo'okL;rk Lrj (Level of confidence) : 0-95

4- ifjxf.kr ewY; (Calculated Value) : 307-50

5- lkj.kh ewY; (Table Value) : 2-733

6- ifj.kke (Result) :ifjdYiuk vLohdr

(307.50 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

vk;q lewg% 18 ls 45 o"kZ

(Age Group: 18-45 years)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 126 48 2 48 && 48 128

czk.M

Nfo

70 48 24 48 22 48 116

dher 28 48 66 48 104 48 198

jax 2 48 114 48 72 48 188

[kq'kcw 14 48 34 48 42 48 90

;ksx 240 240 240 720




ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; 18

ls 45 o"kZ ds vk;q lewg okys

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus

dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA





6- ifj.kke (Result) : ifjdYiuk vLohdr

(213.32 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

vk;q lewg% 46 ls 70 o"kZ

(Age Group: 46-70 years)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 66 32 && 32 && 32 66

czk.M

Nfo

58 32 14 32 8 32 80

dher 26 32 44 32 46 32 116

jax 4 32 82 32 64 32 150

[kq'kcw 6 32 20 32 42 32 68

;ksx 160 160 160 480




ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; 46

ls 70 o"kZ ds vk;q lewg okys


ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA






(103.98 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

fyax% iq:"k

(Sex: Male)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 58 36 2 36 && 36 60

czk.M

Nfo

84 36 10 36 10 36 104

dher 22 36 40 36 70 36 132

jax 2 36 106 36 46 36 154

[kq'kcw 14 36 22 36 54 36 90

;ksx 180 180 180 540





iq:"k mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø;

djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA






(128.43 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

fyax% L=h

(Sex: Female)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 134 44 && 44 && 44 134

czk.M

Nfo

44 44 28 44 20 44 92

dher 32 44 70 44 80 44 182

jax 4 44 90 44 90 44 184

[kq'kcw 6 44 32 44 30 44 68

;ksx 220 220 220 660




ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; L=h








(256.53 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

oSokfgd fLFkfr% vfookfgr

(Marital Status: Unmarried)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 26 18-4 && 18-4 && 18-4 26

czk.M

Nfo

38 18-4 10 18-4 6 18-4 54

dher 22 18-4 10 18-4 30 18-4 62

jax && 18-4 50 18-4 38 18-4 88

[kq'kcw 6 18-4 22 18-4 18 18-4 46

;ksx 92 92 92 276





vfookfgr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu

Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA






(51.45 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

oSokfgd fLFkfr% fookfgr

(Marital Status: Married)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 166 61-6 2 61-6 && 61-6 168

czk.M

Nfo

90 61-6 28 61-6 24 61-6 142

dher 32 61-6 100 61-6 120 61-6 252

jax 6 61-6 146 61-6 98 61-6 250

[kq'kcw 14 61-6 32 61-6 66 61-6 112

;ksx 308 308 308 924





fookfgr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu

Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA






(291.20 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

f'k{kk% mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps

(Education: Below Higher Secondary)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 10 8-8 && 8-8 && 8-8 10

czk.M

Nfo

6 8-8 14 8-8 6 8-8 26

dher 26 8-8 2 8-8 6 8-8 34

jax && 8-8 22 8-8 18 8-8 40

[kq'kcw 2 8-8 6 8-8 14 8-8 22

;ksx 44 44 44 132




ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; mPp

lSds.Mjh ds uhps f'kf{kr








(48.71 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

f'k{kk% mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps

(Education: Between Hr. Secondary to Graduation)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 58 28 2 28 && 28 60

czk.M

Nfo

50 28 10 28 10 28 70

dher 18 28 64 28 26 28 108

jax 4 28 46 28 70 28 120

[kq'kcw 10 28 18 28 34 28 62

;ksx 140 140 140 420




ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; mPp

lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps

f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø;

djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA






(85.13 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

f'k{kk% Lukrd vkSj Åij

(Education: Graduation and Above)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 124 43-2 && 43-2 && 43-2 124

czk.M

Nfo

72 43-2 14 43-2 14 43-2 100

dher 10 43-2 44 43-2 118 43-2 172

jax 2 43-2 128 43-2 48 43-2 178

[kq'kcw 8 43-2 30 43-2 36 43-2 74

;ksx 216 216 216 648





Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr








(263.80 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

O;olk;% lsok dk;Z

(Occupation: Service)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 110 40-8 2 40-8 && 40-8 112

czk.M

Nfo

42 40-8 36 40-8 22 40-8 100

dher 38 40-8 56 40-8 66 40-8 160

jax 4 40-8 80 40-8 72 40-8 156

[kq'kcw 10 40-8 30 40-8 44 40-8 84

;ksx 204 204 204 612




ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; lsok

dk;Z esa layXu mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij

fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA






(174.02 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

O;olk;% O;kikj

(Occupation: Business)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 36 15-2 && 15-2 && 15-2 36

czk.M

Nfo

26 15-2 2 15-2 2 15-2 30

dher 14 15-2 22 15-2 18 15-2 54

jax && 15-2 38 15-2 34 15-2 72

[kq'kcw && 15-2 14 15-2 22 15-2 36

;ksx 76 76 76 228





O;kikj esa layXu mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij

fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA






(66.62 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

O;olk;% is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr

(Occupation: Professional / Other or Retired Persons)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 46 24 && 24 && 24 46

czk.M

Nfo

60 24 && 24 6 24 66

dher 2 24 32 24 66 24 100

jax 2 24 78 24 30 24 110

[kq'kcw 10 24 10 24 18 24 38

;ksx 120 120 120 360





is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuor








(122.64 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

vk;% :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk

(Income: Rs. 600/- to Rs. 2600/- P.M)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 22 15-2 2 15-2 && 15-2 24

czk.M

Nfo

10 15-2 14 15-2 10 15-2 34

dher 42 15-2 2 15-2 26 15-2 70

jax && 15-2 48 15-2 14 15-2 62

[kq'kcw 2 15-2 10 15-2 26 15-2 38

;ksx 76 76 76 228



1- 'kwU; ifjdYiuk (H0): lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls

egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; :i;s

600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk

vk; lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu

Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk

gSA






(78.72 > 2.733)



ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

vk;% :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk

(Income: Rs. 2600/- to Rs. 4600/- P.M)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 70 32 && 32 && 32 70

czk.M

Nfo

58 32 10 32 6 32 74

dher 10 32 54 32 50 32 114

jax 4 32 70 32 80 32 154

[kq'kcw 18 32 26 32 24 32 68

;ksx 160 160 160 480



1- 'kwU; ifjdYiuk (H0) : lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls


2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk

vk; lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu

Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk

gSA






(111.98 > 2.733)




ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k

vk;% :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk

(Income: Rs. 4600/- and Above P.M)

egRo ds

Lrj

rRo

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

f0 fe

vR;f/kd egRoghu

f0 fe

u rks egRoiw.kZ@

u gh egRoghu

f0 fe

;ksx

xq.koÙkk 100 32-8 && 32-8 && 32-8 100

czk.M

Nfo

60 32-8 14 32-8 14 32-8 88

dher 2 32-8 54 32-8 74 32-8 130

jax 2 32-8 78 32-8 42 32-8 122

[kq'kcw && 32-8 18 32-8 34 32-8 52

;ksx 164 164 164 492



1- 'kwU; ifjdYiuk (H0): lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls


4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk;

lewg okys mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø;

djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA






(250.86 > 2.733)

bl rjg] ;g fu.kZ; fudkyk x;k fd voyksfdr vkSj izR;kf'kr vkofÙk;ksa ds chp varj

vf/kd lkFkZd FkkA blds vykok ifjxf.kr dkbZ oxZ ewY;] lkj.kh ewY; ls vf/kd FkkA iwoZ Li"V gS

fd lHkh lksyg ifjdYiukvksa ds fy, 8 LokrU«;ka'k ls lEcaf/kr lkj.kh ewY; X2 dks ns[kk x;kA

vr% lHkh lksyg ifjdYiukvksa dks vLohd`r fd;k x;kA ;g vkuqHkfod izek.k bl fo'okl dk

leFkZu djrk gS fd lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ ugha gksrs gS ftl le;

miHkksDrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA

***********



v/;k;&VI

fu"d"kZ




v/;k; & VI

fu"d"kZ

(CONCLUSIONS)

vkt ds izfrLi/kkZRed ;qx esa lkcqu dk Ø; fu.kZ; ysuk Hkh ,d dfBu dk;Z gS D;kas fd

orZeku esa cgqr ls ugkus ds lkcqu fuekZ.k dEifu;kas us Lo;a dks LFkkfir dj fy;k gSa vkSj

dbZ cktkj esa vk jgh gSA miHkksDrk nSfud thou esa lkcqu dk Ø; dbZ ckj vFkok ckjEckj

djrk jgrk gS D;ksa fd ;g nSfud miHkksx esa dke vkus okyh oLrq gSA miHkksDrk lkcqu ds

fdlh czk.M ilanxh dk fu.kZ; ysus ls igys vR;f/kd fopkj djrk gSA ;g fu.kZ; ml le;

vf/kd tfVy gks tkrk gS tc fd jk"Vªh; izfr"Bk okys vusd rjg ds lkcqu czk.M cktkj esa

miyC/k gksA izR;sd fuekZrk ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS fd ,d miHkksDrk czk.M ilanxh

dk fu.kZ; dSls ysrk g]S vFkkZr tc miHkksDrk czk.M ilanxh dk fu.kZ; ysrk gS rks dkSu&dkSu

ls rRo vFkok dkjd egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSA izLrqr v/;;u bl fn'kk esa iz;kl gS fd

miHkksDrkvksa }kjk czk.M ilanxh dk fu.kZ; ysrs le; dkSu&dkSu ls fofHkUu rRo vFkok

dkjd egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSA izLrqr v/;;u fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj tkuus ds fy, fd;k x;k gS%

(1) D;k lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :Ik ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le;

miHkksDrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gS\

(2) D;k miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj dks fofHkUu rRo vFkok dkjd izHkkfor djrs

gS\

(3) D;k lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu

vk;q lewg okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS\


fyax lewg okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS\


oSokfgd&fLFkfr okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS\




'kS{kf.kd&i"BHkwfe okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS\

(7) D;k lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu O;olk;

okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS\

(8) D;k lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fofHkUu vk;

lewg okys mÙkjnkrk lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gS\

'kks/kkFkhZ us t;iqj ftys ds fofHkUu thou Lrj okys 400 mÙkjnkrkvksa ls laidZ fd;k

vkSj mudk lk{kkRdkj fy;kA muls oxhZdj.k ?kVdksa (vk;q] fyax] oSokfgd fLFkfr vkfn) dh

lwpuk,¡ izkIr dh xbZ rFkk rkfydk ds iz;ksx ls ik¡p pqus x, rRo vFkok dkjd (xq.koÙkk]

czk.M Nfo] dher] jax] [kq'kcw) dks muds }kjk fn, x, egRo ds Lrj dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k

A 'kks/kkFkhZ uss izfrp;u dh xSj&lEHkkfor fof/k dks iz;ksx esa fy;k rFkk fu;a=.k izfrn'kZu ds

fy, lqfo/kkuqlkj fun'kZu dk p;u fd;kA leadksa ds laxzg ds fy, rhu fcanq vadu ekiØe

dks mi;ksx es ysrs gq, dk;Z fd;kA ^^vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ vkSj vR;f/kd egRoghu** bu nksuksa

dks Nksj ij ysus ds lkFk&lkFk ,d dsUnzh; ^^u rks egRoiw.kZ vFkok u gh egRoghu** dks chp

esa fy;k x;kA leadkas dks rkfydk ds iz;ksx }kjk izkIr fd;k x;k gSA leadkas ds laxzzg ds

i'pkr~ izR;qÙkjksa ls izeq[k lkj.kh rS;kj dh xbZ] ftls la{ksi esa lkj.kh VI-1 esa iznf'kZr fd;k

x;k gS%




lkj.kh VI-1

egRo ds lEiw.kZ Lrj

(Overall Level Of Importance)

rRo

egRo ds

Lrj

xq.koÙkk czk.M

Nfo

dher jax [kq'kcw ;ksx

vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ

192 (48%)

128 (32%)

54 (13.5%)

6 (1.5%)

20 (5%)

400 (100%)

vR;f/kd

egRoghu

2 (0.5%)

38 (9.5%)

110 (27.5%)

196 (49%)

54 (13.5%)

400 (100%)

u rks

egRoiw.kZ@

u gh

egRoghu

&& 30 (7.5%)

150 (37.5%)

136 (34%)

84 (21%)

400 (100%)

mijksDr lkj.kh ls Li"V gS fd mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k us lkcqu dks Ø; djus ls

igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k gSA ;g bl fo'okl dk

leFkZu djrk gS fd lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd

(xq.koÙkk] czk.M Nfo] dher] jax [kq'kcw) leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ ugha gksrs gSA ;agk dqN vU; rRo Hkh

gSa tks fd vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ ekus x;s gSA blds vfrfjDr] bl v/;;u ls ftu fu"d"kksZa dks [kkstk

x;k og fuEufyf[kr gS%

(1) mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (48%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ;

ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(2) 18 ls 45 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (52.50%) us lkcqu Ø;

djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(3) 46 ls 70 o"kZ vk;q lewg ds mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (41.25%) us

lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku

fn;kA

(4) :fpiw.kZ] iq:"k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (46.66%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys

czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(5) L=h mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (60.90%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M

ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA



(6) vfookfgr mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (41.30%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys

czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(7) fookfgr mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (53.89%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M

ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(8) fnypLi] mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (59.09%) us

lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; dher dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(9) mPp lSds.Mjh vkSj Lukrd ds uhps f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (41.42%)

us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(10) Lukrd vkSj Åij f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (57.40%) us lkcqu Ø;

djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(11) lsok esa layXu mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (53.92%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls

igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(12) O;kikj esa layXu mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (47.36%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls

igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(13) is'ksoj@ vU; ;k lsokfuo`r mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k (50%) us lkcqu Ø;

djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; czk.M Nfo dks vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(14) fnypLi] :i;s 600@& ls :i;s 2600@& izfr eghuk vk; okys mÙkjnkrkvksa dh

vf/kd la[;k (55.26%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; dher dks

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(15) :i;s 2600@& ls :i;s 4600@& izfr eghuk okys mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k

(43.75%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(16) :i;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr eghuk vk; okys mÙkjnkrkvksa dh vf/kd la[;k

(60.97%) us lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; xq.koÙkk dks vR;f/kd

egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kA

(17) vk'p;Ztud] lHkh mÙkjnkrk tks fd fofHkUu vk;q] fyax oSokfgd&fLFkfr] f'k{kk]

O;olk; vkSj vk; okys Fks] mUgksauas ,der ls lkcqu Ø; djus ls igys czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le;

jax dks vR;f/kd egRoghu LFkku fn;kA




lEiw.kZ fu"d"kksZ dh vfHkiqf"V ifjdYiukvksa ds ijh{k.k }kjk izkIr dh xbZ gSA dsUnzh;

ifjdYiuk ^^lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; miHkksDrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gS** ds lkFk&lkFk vusd ifjdYiukvks a dk ijh{k.k

lkaf[;dh; :i ls fd;k x;kA ifjdYiukvksa dh tk¡p ds fy, dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square) ijh{k.k

dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA izfrp;u dh i}fr ;|fi mís';iw.kZ ;k lfopkj Fkh] tcfd vU; yksdfiz;

ijh{k.k tSls% izlj.k fo'ys"k.k (ANOVA) ,oa LVwMsUV dk t ijh{k.k dks mi;ksx esa ugha yk;k tk

ldkA dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square) ewY; dh x.kuk vxzz lw= ds iz;ksx ls dh xbZ gS%

x2 =

izR;kf'kr vkofÙk dh x.kuk djus ds i'pkr~ vkSj voyksfdr o izR;kf'kr vkofÙk ds chp

vUrj izkIr djus ds ckn dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square) ewY; dh x.kuk 95 izfr'kr fo'okL;rk Lrj

ij 8 LokrU«; la[;k ds fy, dh xbZ] rRi'pkr~ x2 dk lkj.kh ewY; ds lkFk vUrj dks ns[kk x;k

rFkk fuEufyf[kr vuqeku fudkys x,%

ifjdYiuk ifjxf.kr ewY; lkj.kh ewY; tk¡p ifj.kke

307-50 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

fe

(fo-fe)2

1- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls

egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl

le; miHkksDrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus dk fu.kZ;

fd;k tkrk gSA



213-32 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

103-98 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

128-43 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

256-53 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

2- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; 18 ls 45 o"kZ ds

vk;q lewg okys

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu

Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij

fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

3- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; 46 ls 70 o"kZ

ds vk;q lewg okys

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus ds

fu.kZ; ij fopkj

fd;k tkrk gSA

4- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; iq:"k mÙkjnkrkvksa

}kjk lkcqu Ø; djus

ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj

fd;k tkrk gSA

5- lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd

leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ

gksrs gS ftl le; L=h



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA




51-45 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

291-20 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr


vLohdr


vLohdr

6- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; vfookfgr



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

7- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; fookfgr

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus ds

fu.kZ; ij fopkj

fd;k tkrk gSA

8- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; mPp lSds.Mjh ds

uhps f'kf{kr



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

9- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; mPp lSds.Mjh

vkSj Lukrd ds uhps

f'kf{kr mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus

ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj

fd;k tkrk gSA



263-80 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

174-02 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr


vLohdr

122-64 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

10- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; Lukrd vkSj

Åij f'kf{kr

mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk

lkcqu Ø; djus ds

fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

11- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; lsok dk;Z esa layXu



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

12- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; O;kikj esa layXu



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

13- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; is'ksoj@vU; ;k

lsokfuor mÙkjnkrkvksa

}kjk lkcqu Ø; djus ds

fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k

tkrk gSA





vLohdr

111-98 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

250-86 2-733 ifjdYiuk

vLohdr

mijksDr ls Li"V gS fd miHkksDrkvksa ds fy, czk.M ilan fu.kZ; ds le; lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ ugha gksrs gSA ;gk¡ dqN rRo vFkok dkjd ,sls Hkh gS tks fd vR;f/kd

egRoghu ekus x, gSA vr% lkcqu fuekZrkvksa }kjk mRikn dk fuekZ.k vkSj foØ; djrs le; bu ij

Hkh fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

14- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; :i;s 600@& ls

:i;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk vk; lewg okys



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

16- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; :i;s 4600@&

vkSj Åij izfr eghuk

vk; lewg okys



fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

15- lHkh rRo vFkok

dkjd leku :i ls


le; :i;s 2600@& ls

:i;s 4600@& izfr

eghuk vk; lewg okys


Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA



{ks= (SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH):

oSKkfud vuqla/kku ,d tu&lk/kkj.k }kjk lksps x, dk;Z gS ;|fi ,dy v/;;u O;fDrxr

vuqla/kkudÙkkZ }kjk ckjEckj fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd v/;;u Hkwrdky ds vuqHkoksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS

vkSj Hkfo"; esa v/;;u ds fy, vk/kkj rS;kj djrk gSA fn, x, v/;;u vkSj vU; v/;;u ds chp

vR;f/kd lEca/k LFkkfir fd, tk ldrs gSA izR;sd vuqla/kku v/;;u fdlh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks

/;ku esa j[kdj fd;k tkrk gS blfy, v/;;u ds [kkstksa dk lkekU;hdj.k laHko ugh gS] fQj Hkh

bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd O;fDrxr vUos"k.k de egRoiw.kZ vFkok de lkFkZd gksrs gSA

ifjdYiuk cks/k c<+kus ds mís'; dh izkfIr ds fy, rF;ksa ,ao vuqHko ls ijs iz{ksi.k djus okys

okLrfod ,ao vo/kkj.kkRed rRoksa rFkk muds ikjLifjd lEca/kksa ds fo"k; esa iwoZdYiuk gSA ifjdYiuk

dHkh Hkh fujk/kkj ugha gksrh gS] ;g Li"Vhdj.k dh vko';drk j[kus okys rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh

gSA ;fn Li"Vhdj.k ds fy, fd, x, iz;klksa ds nkSjku ,df=r fd, x, rF; ifjdYiuk esa

mfYyf[kr lEca/k dh iqf"V ugha djrs gS rks bldk vFkZ ;g ugha le>k tkuk pkfg, fd lS}kfUrd

ekWMy xyr gS ftlls ifjdYiuk dk fodkl fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk blh izdkj ;s rF; ifjdYiuk esa

mfYyf[kr lEca/k dh iqf"V djrs gS rks Hkh bldk vFkZ ;g ugha le>k tkuk pkfg, fd ml ekWMy

dh iqf"V gks jgh gS ftlls ifjdYiuk fodflr dh xbZ FkhA

ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k vuqla/kku dk;Zfof/k ds ekWMy dk yEcs le; rd izfrfuf/kRo djrk gS

D;ksa fd ifjdYiuk fl}kUr ds {ks= esa ik, tkus okys dFku gksrs gS ftUgsa ijh{k.k dh dlkSVh ij

dlk tk ldrk gSA ifjdYiuk lS}kfUrd fopkjksa }kjk lR; eku ysus ;ksX; gksrs gS vkSj ftUgsa

vkuqHkfod leadksa }kjk jí fd;k tk ldrk gSA losZ{k.k vuqla/kku esa ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k ,ao Js"B

ewY;ksa dks ekywe fd;k x;kA ;g vko';d ugha fd ,d ek= dk;Zfof/k dks gh iz;ksx esa yk;k tkos]

ftlds cgqr ls dkj.k gS izFke] ;|fi ifjdYiukvksa dks fl}kUrksa ds vk/kkj ij fy;k x;k gS vkSj

mudk leadkas }kjk leFkZu fd;k x;k gS fQj Hkh lead bl fl}kUr dks fl} ugha djrs gS os dsoy

bldk leFkZu djrs gS] tcfd [kkst dh fl}kUrksa ds lkFk ,d:irk cuh jgrh gS ftuls dh

ifjdYiukvksa dks izksRlkgu feyrk gSA f}rh;] ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k ,dek= oSKkfud dk;Zfof/k

ugh gks ldrh] D;ksa fd ;/kfi ifjdYiukvksa dk iz;ksx lkfcr gks tkrk gSs] rks Hkh dk;Z ;gh lekIr

ugha gks tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ckgjh vfrfjDr pjksa dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k nks"kiw.kZ lEca/kksa dh vHkh rd

laHkkouk gSA




izLrqr v/;;u miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj ds {ks= esa ,d egRoiw.kZ L=ksr miyC/k djkrk

gS tks bl fn'kk esa iz;kl gS fd D;k fofHkUu rRo vFkok dkjd miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj

dks izHkkfor djrs gSA izLrqr v/;;u miHkksDrk O;ogkj ds {ks= esa vkxs vuqla/kku v/;;u ds fy,

i"BHkwfe rS;kj djrk gS tks fuEufyf[kr igyqvksa ij vk/kkfjr gS%

(1) D;k miHkksDrk u, mRikn ds ewY;kadu ds le; izR;qÙkj ds Øec} voLFkk ls xqtjrk

gS\

(2) miHkksDrk dh ilan izkFkfedrkvksa esa NksVs&NksVs erHksn fdrus egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS\

(3) D;k O;fDrRo erHksn dk czk.M ilan ds lkFk ijLij lEca/k gksrk gS\

(4) D;k foKkiu ls okLro esa euksofÙk esa ifjorZu vkrk gS\

(5) D;k vuqdwy euksofÙk ds fodkl ls Lo;a gh foØ; ek=k c<+ tkrh gS\

(6) D;k czk.M vkSj mRikn izkFkfedrk,¡ ckY;koLFkk ls gh etcwr gks tkrh gS\

(7) D;k ,d gh czk.M gksuk pkfg, tks fd lHkh lkekftd oxksZ ds fy, gks ;k fofHkUu rjg

ds czk.M fo'ks"k lkekftd oxksaZ ds fy, cuk;s tkus pkfg,\

(8) D;k foi.ku iz;klksa }kjk vukSipkfjd okrkZyki dks c<+kok ns ldrs gS] ftlls fd fo'ks"k

mRiknksa dh vfrfjDr fcØh gks lds\

(9) D;k ,sls foØ;dÙkkZvksa dks fu;qDr fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftldh O;fDrRo fo'ks"krk,¡ muds

miHkksDrkvksa ds leku gks ;k miHkksDrkvksa ls O;fDrRo fHkUurk,¡ gks\

(10) fdl izdkj ls izHkko'kkyh Ø; iszj.kk,¡ mÙksftr dh tk ldrh gS\

(11) dkSu ls rRo] n'kk,¡ vkSj dkj.k miHkksDrkvksa esa fdlh fo'ks"k czk.M ds izfr fu"Bk

mRiUu djrs gS\

(12) mRikn ds izfr miHkksDrk dk joS;k dSlk gS\

(13) orZeku esa czk.M dh fu"Bk dk okLrfod vFkZ D;k gS vkSj bls dSls ekik tk ldrk

gS\

(14) miHkksDrkvksa ds }kjk fdlh czk.M ds miHkksx izkjEHk djus ds D;k dkj.k yxrs gS\

(15) oLrq Ø; ds dkSu&dkSu ls vfHkizsjd gS\

bl rjg] tks fof/k viukbZ xbZ og mu le; vkSj lk/kuksa ij fuHkZj gS tks ,d

vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ls nwljs vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu gks ldrh gSA izLrqr v/;;u egRoiw.kZ

lR; dh [kkst ds fy, ,d L=ksr miyC/k djkrk gSA orZeku ifjizs{; esa ;g v/;;u u dsoy lkcqu



fuekZrkvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh fl} gksxk oju~ ;g cktkj vuqla/kkudÙkkZvksa ds fy, Hkh ykHkizn gksxkA

cktkj vuqla/kkudÙkkZvksa dks czkaM ilUn ds ckjs esa irk py ldsxk ftlls og vko';d foi.ku

fu.kZ; ys ldsxsaA

***********




ifjf'k"V

(a) lkjka'k

(b) vuqlwph

(c) lanfHkZdk





lkjka'k

(SUMMARY)

orZeku rhoz izfrLi}kZRed ;qx esa izR;sd O;olk;h@ foi.kudÙkkZ ds fy;s egRoiw.kZ ,oa

loksZifj dk;Z gksrk gS xzkgdksa ds ckjs esa iw.kZ tkudkjh izkIr djuk] D;ksafd leLr O;kolkf;d

fØ;kvksa dk dsUnz fcUnq xzkgd gksrk gSA foi.ku vuqla/kkudÙkkZ@ 'kks/kkFkhZ ds fy;s miHkksDrkvksa ds

O;ogkj dk v/;;u foi.ku dh nf"V ls ,oa lkekftd nf"V ls vR;Ur gh egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA czkaM

dh ilUn miHkksDrkvksa ds O;ogkj dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gS ftlls ge ;g irk yxk ldrs gS fd

cktkj esa miyC/k czk.Mksa esa ls loksZifj dkSu lh gS ,oa D;ksa gS? orZeku le; esa fuekZrkvksa@

mRikndksa ds }kjk fuR; ubZ fofHkUu oLrq,a vusd czk.Mksa ds ek/;e ls miHkksDrk rd igaqpk;h tk jgh

gS] lkcqu Hkh mUgha esa ls ,d gS] ftlds lanHkZ esa vusd dEifu;ksa us Lo;a dks LFkkfir dj fy;k

vkSj dqN izos'k dj jgh gSA vr% 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ,oa foi.kudÙkkZvksa ds fy;s ;g ,d vPNk fo"k; gS

ftlesa fujUrj 'kks/k dh vko';drk gSA bUgha lHkh igywvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj ^^miHkksDrk czkaM

ilUn O;ogkj % ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)** fo"k; dk p;u 'kks/k ds fy;s

fd;k x;k gSA vuqla/kku ds fy;s izLrqr v/;;u ;g tkuus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gS fd D;k fofHkUu

rRo vFkok dkjd miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gSA vFkkZr~ miHkksDrkvksa }kjk czkaM

ilUnxh dk fu.kZ; ysrs le; dkSu&dkSu ls fofHkUu rRo egRo ds gksrs gSA

^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj % ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)** fo"k;

ij vuqla/kku & dk;Z djus ds fy, lEiw.kZ v/;;u dks N% v/;k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa

ifjp;] vuqla/kku dk;Z & fof/k] mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk] izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k] ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p

rFkk fu"d"kZ dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr vUr esa ifjf'k"V dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS

ftlesa vuqlwph ,oa lanfHkZdk layXu gSA

izFke v/;k;% ifjp; ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa lkcqu czkaM dh i`"BHkwfe] Ø;&izfØ;k] O;olk;

,oa miHkksDrk ojh;rk] Ø;&izsj.kk;sa] Ø; O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd] Ø; rjhdk] czkaM




ilUn ,oa miHkksDrk O;ogkj] Øsrk O;ogkj ds fl}kUr] fu.kZ;ksaijkUr fookn rFkk Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa

miHkksDrk Ø; O;ogkj vkfn dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA v/;k; ds vUr esa ewY;kadu ds fy,

vko';drk dks crk;k x;k gSA vUr esa lanHkZ lwph izLrqr dh xbZ gSA

f}rh; v/;k;% vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k ls lEcaf/kr gS] ftlesa lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku dk;Z&fof/k dks

ekSVs&rkSj ij nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS%

izFke] lEiw.kZ vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk ds fy, izkjfEHkd vuqla/kku] ftlds vUrxZr lkekU;

vUos"k.kkRed dk;Z ,oa v/;;u {ks= ls lEcaf/kr O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk izkjfEHkd lk{kkRdkj dk lekos'k

fd;k x;k gSA f}rh;] ifj;kstuk dk vfUre fu;kstu vkSj dk;kZUo;u ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlds

vUrxZr ifjdYiuk dk fuekZ.k] iz'uksa dh Øec}rk dk fooj.k] leadkas dk ladyu djus ds fy,

rkfydk dh rS;kjh vkSj iwoZ&ijh{k.k] izfrn'kZ izjpuk] leadksa dk ladyu] leadksa dk lkj.kh;u]

ekiØe] ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p] vuqla/kku izfrosnu dh rS;kjh rFkk v/;;u dh lhek,¡ vkfn dk

lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA v/;k; ds vUr esa lanHkZ lwph izLrqr dh xbZ gSA

rrh; v/;k;% mÙkjnkrkvksa dh :ijs[kk ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa fofHkUu lewg okys miHkksDrkvksa

dks 'kkfey djrs gq, mUgsa vk;q] fyax] oSokfgd &fLFkfr] f'k{kk] O;olk; rFkk vk; ds vk/kkj ij

oxhZdr fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;k; esa mu miHkksDrkvksa dh :ijs[kk izLrqr dh xbZ gS ftudk

lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr v/;k; esa czkaM dh :ijs[kk dk Hkh lekos'k fd;k x;k gS ftlds

vUrxZr v/;;u ls lEcaf/kr pqus x, mÙkjnkrkvksa ds ikl tks lkcqu czkaM miyC/k gS mldks izLrqr

fd;k x;k gSA

prqFkZ v/;k;% izR;qÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlds vUrxZr v/;;u {ks= esa lfEefyr

t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa }kjk tks mÙkj izkIr gq, mudk fo'ys"k.k dj mUgsa izfr'kr ds vk/kkj ij O;Dr

fd;k x;k gS] tks rrh; v/;k; esa 'kkfey fd, tkus okys oxhZd`r miHkkssDrkvksa ls lEcaf/kr gSA

mijksDr izR;qÙkj lkcqu Ø; djrs le; mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk fofHkUu rRo@ dkjd dks fn, tkus okys

egRo ds Lrj ls lEcaf/kr gSA

iape v/;k;% ifjdYiuk dh tk¡p ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa bl lR;rk dks tk¡pk x;k gS fd

ftl ifjdYiuk dks vk/kkj ekudj vuqla/kku dk;Z fd;k x;k gS og lgh gS vFkok ughaA bl gsrq

lkaf[;dh; ijh{k.k fy, x, gSA lHkh lksyg ifjdYiukvksa ftlesa dsUnzh; ,oa oxhZdr ?kVdksa ij



vk/kkfjr ifjdYiuk lfEefyr gS] dks dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square) ijh{k.k }kjk vLohdr fd;k x;k

gSA

"k"Be v/;k;% v/;;u ds fu"d"kZ ls lEcaf/kr gS ftlesa iape v/;k; esa lkaf[;dh ijh{k.k

}kjk ftu ifjdYiukvksa dks vLohd`r fd;k x;k gS] muls lEcaf/kr fu"d"kZ dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

v/;k; ds vUr esa vuqla/kku ds fy, {ks= dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gS tks Hkfo"; ds fy, vk/kkj rS;kj

djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxkA

lEiw.kZ v/;k; ds vUr esa ifjf'k"V dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS ftlds vUrxZr lkjka'k,

vuqlwph ,oa lanfHkZdk lfEefyr gSA

^^miHkksDrk czkaM ilUn O;ogkj % ugkus ds lkcqu (t;iqj ds miHkksDrkvksa dk v/;;u)** fo"k;

ds vuqla/kku gsrq izkFkfed leadksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA izkFkfed leadksa@lwpukvksa ds laxzg.k

gsrq fofHkUu jhfr;ksa tSls losZ{k.k fof/k] voyksdu fof/k] iz;ksxkRed fof/k rFkk iSuy fof/k;ksa vkfn esa

ls losZ{k.k fof/k dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA losZ{k.k i}fr esa leadksa dk ladyu lk{kkRdkj i}fr ls

fd;k x;k gSA vr% miHkksDrkvksa ds lk{kkRdkj ds fy, rkfydk (Schedule) dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k

gSA izfrp;u dh xSj lEHkkfor fof/k dks iz;ksx esa ysrs gq, fu;a=.k izfrn'kZu ds fy, lqfo/kkuqlkj

fun'kZu dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA

izR;sd v/;;u vFkok vuqla/kku ifjdYiukvksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA fcuk ifjdYiuk ds

vuqla/kku dk;Z O;FkZ gksrk gSA izLrqr vuqla/kku v/;;u ds fy, ifjdYiukvksa dks nks Lrjksa ij cuk;k

x;k gS% izFke ,d dsUnzh; ifjdYiuk cukbZ xbZ fd lHkh dkjd vFkok rRo (xq.koÙkk] czk.M Nfo]

dher vkfn)leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS] ftl le; miHkksDrkvksa }kjk lkcqu Ø; djus dk

fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSA f}rh; Lrj dh ifjdYiuk dk fu:i.k oxhZdr ?kVdksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k

x;k gS fd lHkh rRo vFkok dkjd leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs gS ftl le; fHkUu & fHkUu lewg

okys miHkksDrk (vk;q] fyax] oSokfgd & fLFkfr] f'k{kk] O;olk; rFkk vk; ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdr)

lkcqu Ø; djus ds fu.kZ; ij fopkj djrs gSaA lkaf[;dh ijh{k.k }kjk ifdYiukvksa dks Lohdr vFkok

vLohdr fd;k x;k gS] bl gsrq dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-Square) ijh{k.k dks iz;ksx esa fy;k x;k gSA

vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vusd dfBukbZ;ksa dk vkuk LokHkkfod gS] ftuds vius dqN dkj.k lnSo gksrs gS

fQj Hkh iz;kl ,oa ifjdYiuk vk/kkfjr rF;ksa dh tk¡p dj mUgs izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg ls

tks izfØ;k viukbZ xbZ og ml le; vkSj lk/kuksa ij fuHkZj djsxh tks ,d vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ls nwljs




vuqla/kkudÙkkZ ds fy, vyx&vyx gks ldrh gSA orZeku ifjizs{; esa ;g v/;;u u dsoy lkcqu

dEiuh ds fuekZrkvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh fl} gksxk oju~ ;g cktkj vuqla/kkdÙkkZvksa vkSj forjdksa ds

fy, Hkh ykHkizn gksxkA cktkj vuqla/kkudÙkkZvksa dks miHkksDrk dh czkaM ilUn ds ckjs esa irk py

ldsxk] ftlls og vko';d] foi.ku fu.kZ; ys ldsaxsA miHkksDrkvksa dh ilanxh fu.kZ; dks izHkkfor

djus okys rRo vFkok dkjd ds ckjs esa irk py ldsxkA vr% vuqla/kku ds fy, izLrqr v/;;u

foi.ku ds {ks= esa egRoiw.kZ lR; dh [kkst ds fy, L=ksr miyC/k djok;sxkA

***********



vuqlwph

(SCHEDULE)

(1) dIk;k laxr [kkus esa () fu'kku yxk,a%

(1) vk;q%

(i) 18 o"kZ ls 45 o"kZ ( )

(ii) 46 o"kZ ls 70 o"kZ ( )

(2) fyax%

(i) iq:"k ( )

(ii) L=h ( )

(3) oSokfgd fLFkfr%

(i) vfookfgr ( )

(ii) fookfgr ( )

(4) f'k{kk%

(i) mPp lSds.Mjh ds uhps ( )

(ii) mPp lSds.Mjh ls Lukrd ds uhps( )

(iii) Lukrd vkSj Åij ( )

(5) O;olk;

(i) lsok dk;Z ( )

(ii) O;kikj ( )

(iii) is'ksoj@vU; ;k lsokfuor O;fDr( )

(6) vk;

(i) :Ik;s 600@& ls :Ik;s 2600@& izfr

eghuk ( )

(ii) :Ik;s 2600@& ls :Ik;s 4600@& izfr

eghuk ( )

(iii) :Ik;s 4600@& vkSj Åij izfr




eghuk ( )

(2) uhps fn;s x;s fofHkUu rRoksa esa dkSu&ls rRo dks vki ^^vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ**

vkSj ^^vR;f/kd egRoghu** vkSj ^^u rks egRoiw.kZ@ u gh egRoghu** LFkku

nsrs gS] ftl le; vki ugkus dh lkcqu dks ilan dj jgs gksrs gS ?

(i) xq.koÙkk -------------------------------------

(ii) czk.M Nfo -------------------------------------

(iii) dher -------------------------------------

(iv) jax -------------------------------------

(v) [kq'kcw -------------------------------------

(3) D;k vkids ikl ugkus dk lkcqu gS ? gk¡ @ ugha

dkSu & lk czk.M ? ---------

dkSu & lk jax ? ---------

***********



BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

1. Aaker, D.A.Ed. : Multivariate Analysis in

Marketing Theory and Application, Belmont

California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1971

2. Anderson, T.W. : Introduction to Multivariate

Statistical Analysis, New york: John Wiley &

Sons., 1958

3. Baker, J.Michael : The Marketing Book, London:

Heinemann Professional Publishing Ltd., 1987

4. Barker, Raymonds : Marketing Research Text with

Cases, Reston Virginia: Reston Publishing Co.,

1983

5. Bennet, P.D. AND : Consumer Behaviour, New

Delhi: H.H. Kassar Jain Prentice-

Hall of India, 1976.

6. Britt, S.H. : Consumer Behaviour and the

Behavioural Science, New York: John wiley &

Sons, 1966.

7. Brown, L. : Effective Business Report

Writing,Englewood cliff, N.J.: Prentice Hall,

Inc., 1973

8. Chhunawala, S.A. : Marketing Research

Overview, Bombay: Himalaya

Publishing House, 1987

9. Cocharn, William G. : Sampling Techniques, New

york: John Wiley & Sons Inc,

1963

10. Cravens, W.David, : Marketing Management,

Home Gerald, E. Hills and

wood Illinois: Richard D.

Irwin Inc, 1988




Robert, B. Woodruff

11. Deming, W.E. : Sampling Design in Business

Research, New york: John Wiley & Sons Inc,

1961

12. Duesenberry, J.S. : Income saving and Theory of

consumer Behaviour, Cambridge Harvard

University Press, 1949

13. Edward, Allen L. : Techniques of Attitude Scale

construction, New york: Appleton century gofts,

1957

14. Edward, G Sampson : Social Psychology and

contemporary Society {2nd

ed}, canada: John

wiley and sons., 1976

15. Emory, William C. : Business Research Methods,

Home wood Illionois: Richard

D. Irwin Inc., 1976

16. Engel, F. James, : Consumer Behaviour, New

David, T. Kollat and York: Holt Rinehart & winston

Roger, D. Blackwell Inc,1968

17. Ferber, Robert and : Research Method in

Economics and Business, New york:

Macmillan, 1962

P.J.Verdourn

18. Festinger, Leon and : Research Method in

Daniel Katz (eds) Behavioural Science, New York: Holt

Rinehart & Winston Inc, 1953

19. Foxall, Gordon, R. : Consumer Behaviour – A

Practical Guide, London: Groom Helm, 1980

20. Francesco, Nicosia : Consumer Decision Process,

Englewood cliffs, N.J.:

Prentice Hall Inc., 1966

21. Gallagher, William J. : Report writing for

Management Reading,



massachussests; Addition

Wesley Publishing Company,

1969

22. Gandhi, J.C. : Marketing - A Managerial

Introduction, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd., 1985

23. Gilbert, A. Churchill : Marketing Research

Methodological Foundation, Hinsdale, Illionis:

The Dryden Press, 1979

24. Goode, W.J. and : Methods In Social Research,

P.F. Hatt New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1952

25. Gupta, Anil : Consumption Behaviour in

India: A study of All India consumption

Estimates, New Delhi: Anmol, 1986

26. Hansen, L. Harry : Marketing Test Techniques and

Cases, Bombay: D.B. Taraporwalla Sons & Co.

Pvt. Ltd. 1971

27. Harper, W. Boyd And : Marketing Research and Text

Jr. West Fall, Staniey and Cases, Home Wood, F.Stasch

Illinois Richard D. Irwin Inc,

1990

28. Howard, John A. : Consumer Behaviour-

Application of Theory, New york: Mc Graw Hill

Book Co., 1977

29. James H. Myers : Consumer Behaviour and

And William, H. Marketing Management,

Raynolds Boston: Houghten Miffin Co., 1967

30. A. Howard and JOHN : The Theory of Buyer

Jagdish, N. Seth Behaviour, New York: John wiley & Sons Inc.,

1969

31. Kerby, J.K. : Consumer Behaviour, New

York Dun Donnelley

Publishing Co., 1975

32. Kothari, C.R. : Quantative Techniques,New

Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,1982

Kothari, C.R. : Research Methodology, New




Delhi, Wiley Eastern Limited

Co., 1985

33. Kotler, Philip : Marketing Management:

Analysis planning and control, England Cliffs,

N.J.Prentice Hall Inc., 1984

34. Larry, J. Rosenberg : Marketing, New Jersey:

prentice Hall, Inc, 1977

35. Levin, Richard I. : Statistics for Management

New Delhi; Prentice Hall of

India Pvt. Ltd., 1988.

36. Lindzey, Barner : Assessment of Human

Motives,New York; Geon

Press, Inc, 1960

37. Mahajan, B.M. : Consumer Behaviour in India,

New Delhi, Concept Publishing Co., 1980

38. Markinl, Rom, J : Consumer Behaviour – A

cognitive orientation, New York; Macmillan,

1974

39. Martineau, Pierre : Motivation in Advertising,

New York: McGraw Hill

Book Co., 1957

40. Mathur, Navin : Advertising and Consumer

Reaction in India; A case study Jaipur: Printwell

Publishers, 1986

41. Mcneal, J.C. : Dimension of Consumer

Behaviour Behavior, New york: Appleton

Century Crafts, 1969

42. Mehta, S.C. : Indian consumer studies and

cases for Marketing Decision, New Delhi: Tata

MC Graw Hill, 1973

43. Michael, V.P : Research Methodology In

Management, Bombay: Himalaya Publishing

House, 1985



44. Mishra, M.N. : Marketing Management in

India perspective, Bombay : Himalaya


45. Nair, K.C. Jose : Modern Marketing

Paul, C.J.George Management, Delhi: Himalaya Publishing

House, 1992

46. Neelamegham, S. : Marketing Management and

The Indian Economy, New Delhi: Vikas


47. Peterson, A. Robert : Marketing Research, Taxas:

Business Publication Inc.,

1982

48. Ramaswami, V.S, And : Marketing Management,

NamaKumari, S. Delhi:Macmillian India Ltd., 1983

49. Reddy, C.R. : Research methodology in

Social Sciences, Delhi: Daya Publishing House,

1987

50. Schiffman, Leon G. : Consumer Behaviour New

Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 1987

51. Sethna, Beheruz N. and : Research Methods in

Leonard, Groeneveld Marketing, New Delhi: Tata

MC Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 1984

52. Sherlekar, S.A. : Marketing Management,

Bombay: Himalaya Publishing House, 1986

53. Singh, Raghbir : Marketing and Consumer

Behaviour, New Delhi: Deep & Deep

Publication, 1989

54. Smeth, G.H. : Motivation Research in

Advertising and Marketing, New York; McGraw

Hill Book Co., 1954

55. Stantan, William J. : Fundamentals of Marketing,

New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1987

56. Tondon, B.C. : Research Methodology in




Social Sciences, New Delhi: Chaitanya


57. Tucker, W.T. : Foundation for a Theory of

consumer Behaviour, New York: Holt Rinehart

& Winston, 1966

58. William, Keith, C. : Behavioural Aspects of

Marketing, London: Heinemann, 1981

59. Wilkinson, T.S. and : Methodology and Techniques

Bhandarker, P.L. of Social Research, Bombay: Himalaya


60. Young, V. Pauiline : Scientific Social Survey,

Engle Wood cliffs, N.J.:

Prentice Hall Inc., 1968

JOURNALS

1. Journal of Marketing

2. Indian Journal of Marketing

3. Journal of Advertising Research

4. Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics

5. Journal of Consumer Affairs

6. Journal of Consumer Research

NEWSPAPERS & MAGAZINES

1. Rajasthan Patrika, Jaipur

2. Dainik Bhaskar, Jaipur

3. Dainik NavJyoti, Jaipur

4. The Economic Times, New Delhi

5. The statesman, New Delhi

6. The Hindustan Times, New Delhi

7. Advertising & Marketing, Bombay

***********



Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

S.P.U.[PG]COLLEGE

FALNA [PALI]

Name : Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma

Date of birth & Place : 03-oct. & Ajmer

Edu. Qualification : M.Com.(Bus. Admn.), (EAFM), (ABST), M.Phil.,

Ph.D.(Bus.Admn.), PG Diploma in HRM,

M.A.(Sociology), (Philosophy), (Pub.Admn.), B.Ed

Doing D.Lit. (Commerce) From South Affrica

Teaching College :* Sri Dungargarh College (Bikaner).

* S.S.B. PG College (Jaipur).

* Smt. S.D.M. PG Girl’s College, Bhilwara.

* B.M.K. PG College, Bhiwadi (Alwar).

* S.P.U. PG College, Falna (Pali).

Achievement :* University Gold Medalist Award by

Persident of India (Smt. Partibha Patil).

* Paper Presented in the International & National

Conference Sponsored by UGC,New Delhi.

* Article Published in the International & National

Journals & Books.

* Membership of ICA (Reg. No.-206)

* Membership of Research Journal of Management

(REG.NO:6433XVI ENG)

* Research Supervisor & Guide (Ph.D.&.M.Phil.) in Many

University

Other Published Books :* BUS. REG. FRAME WORK

*BUS. LAW

*PRINCIPLES OF MODERN MANAGEMENT

*CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

* CONSUMER RESEARCH *MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

*VYAVSHAYIK VINIYMAN KI ROOPREKHA

*MODERN BUSINESS LAW

* CONSUMER SURVEY

***********

jktlfkku fo”ofo/kky; t;iqj (2003) - arseam · 2018-02-26 · “upbhokta brand pasand vyavhar :...

Documents