jnu m.sc. entrance syllabus

S.S.TUTORIAL Biotechnology (Life Science)

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SYLLABUS FOR JNU(CEEB)/IIT JAM/IISc/TIFR & VARIOUS OTHER INDIAN UNIVERSITIES

LIFESCIENCE- Morphology of flowering plants- The root,stem,leaf,inflorescence,flower,fruit,seed,dispersal of seedsand fruits,defence mechanism in plants,description of some important plants,some economic important plants in India. Internal structure of angiospermous plants- The tissue,tissue system,internal structure of dicot and monocot plants,secondary growth. Introduction of systematics and classification of plants- Classification of plants,detail description of thallophyta, bryophyte, pteridophyta, gymnosperms,angiosperms with representative units and their life cycle. Cell and cell division- (Tools and Technique)- Microscopy, Variation in the optical microscope.Cell fraction. (The cell: The Basic unit of life)- Cell as a basic unit of life.Discovery of cell. Cell Theory. Unicellular and multicellular organism. (Structure of the Cell)- Prokaryotic cell and its organisation.Eukaryotic cell and organization. (Molecules of the Cell)- Inorganic substance. Organic compound.cell adhesion and junctions, cytoskeletons. (Cell cycle)- cell cycle.Mitosis.Meiosis. Classification of Animals- Some General Features of Animal. Classification of Animal.. Animal Tissues- Types of Tissues. Epithelial Tissues. Connective Tissue. Muscle Tissue. Nervous Tissue.

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Pollution and Global Environmental Change- Kinds of Pollution. Air Pollution: Sources, types and Effects. Control of Air Pollution. Water pollution: sources, Types and Effects. Improving water Quality. Soil pollution. Noise pollution. Environmental Laws for controlling pollution. Global Environmental change. International initiative for Mitigating Global Change. Natural Resources and their Conservation- Classification of Natural Resources. Soil Resource. Water Resource. Land Resources. Forests. Grasslands. Wetlands. Energy Resources. Marine Resources. Mineral Resources. Forests and wildlife laws. Genetics- (Genetic Basis of Inheritance) Inheritance: Heredity and Variation. Pre-Mandelian ideas about Inheritance. Gregor Mendel and his Theory of Inheritance. Genetic Term and Symbols. Methods of Analysis. Rediscovery of Mendel`s Work. Post-Mendelan Era: other patterns of Inheritance. Two Gene Interactions. Polygenic Traits. Pleiotropy. (Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance)-Parallelism Between Genes and chromosomes. Chromosome Theory of inheritance. Independent Assortment versus Linkage. Crossing over. Recombination. Chromosome Mapping: Astep towards a Genetic Map. Sex-Linked Inheritance. Bases of sex Determination. Genetic Variation. Prokaryote chromosome. Eukaryote chromosome. Human Genetics. (Nature of Gene: Its Expression and Regulation)- Nature of Genetic material. DNA and its structure. RNA and its structure.DNA and Gene. Gene Expression. Central Dogma of Molicular Biology. Genetic code. Molecular Mechanism of Mutation. Regulation of Gene Expression. House-keeping Genes. Differntion and Development. Cancer and oncogenes. Genetic Engineering, Cloning and Genomics)- Genetic Engineering. Cloning. Transgenics. DNA Fingerprinting. Genomics. Gene Libraries and Gene Banks. Origin and evolution of Life- Origin of Life. The Meaning of Evoliton. Ideas of Evolution before Darwin. Evidence of Evolution. Theories of Evolution. Modern views of Darwinism. The Genetic basis of Adaptation. Speciation and Isolation.Species Concept. Physiology of Plant- (Plant water Relation) - Water Potential. Absorption and movement of Water.Theories of water translocation. Transpiration. Opening and closing stomata. (Plant Nutrition)- Essential Mineral Elements.Sources of Essential Element. Role of Micro-Nutrients. Mechanism of Absorption of Element. Translocation of Solutes. Metabolism of Nitrogen. Hetrotrophic Nutrition.




(Photosynthesis)- Historical Perspective. Site for photosynthesis. The photochemical and Biosynthesis phases. Photorespiration. C4 Pathway. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. Factors Affecting photosynthesis. Significance of Photosynthesis. Chemosynthesis. (Respiration)- Types of Respiration. Respiratory Ratio or Quotient. Mechanism of Respiration. Pentose Pathway. Compensation point. Plant hormone: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, ethylene Physiology of Animal- (Animal Nutrition)- Food and Nutrient of Animal. Method of Nutrition in Animals. Digestive system of Human. Hormonal control of Digestion in Humans. Absorption and Assimilation of Digested products in Human. Egestion. Nutritional Requirements of Human. Nutritional Deficiencies and Disorders. (Respiration in Animals)- Gaseous Exchange in Animals. Respiration in Humans. Regulation of Respiration. Respiratory Disorders. (Circulation in Animal)- Open and closed system. Circulatory system of cockroach. Blood vascular system of humans. Lymphatic system. Electrocardiogram. Pacemaker. Disorders related to the circulatory system. Osmoregulation and excretion in Animal- Osmoregulators, Elimination of Nitrogenous wastes. Simple Tubular systems. Complex Tubular system. Mechanism of urine formation. Regulation of kidney function by feedback circuits. Micturition and constituents of urine. Hemodialysis and kidney Transplantation. Role of lungs in Excretion. Role of liver in Excretion. Movement and Locomotion in Animals- The Basic type of Movements. Locomotion in Humans. Disorders of Bones. (Nervous coordination and Integration in Animals)- nervous system of cockroach and human, PNS and ANS, reflex action, sensory reception and processing. (Chemical coordination in animals)- Endocrinology and molecular mechanism of hormone action. Reprodution, Growth and Development) - (Modes of Reproduction. Vegetative Reproduction. Sexual Reproduction. Incompatibility. Special modes of Reproduction. (Plant Growth and Movements)- Dormancy and seed Germination. Characteristics of Growth. Conditions for Growth. Phases of Growth. Measurement of Growth. Growth Regulators. Photoperiodism. Vernalisation. Senescence. Abscission. Plant movements. Reproduction and Development in Animals)- Major Types of Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. Deviation in the Reproductive strategies. Human Reproductive system. The Events of Human Reproduction. Growth, Regeneration and Ageing)- Growth. Regeneration. Ageing: The Biology of Senescence.




Ecology and Environment- (Organisms and the Environment)- Levels of organization. Environment, Habitat and niche. Environmental factors. Ecological Adaptations. (Population, Biotic community and Succession)- Population. Ecological interdependence and Interactions. Biotic community organization. Succession. (Ecosystem: Structure and Function)- Ecosystem-components. Ecosystem- structure and function. Productivity. Decomposition. Energy flow. Ecological pyramids. Ecological efficiencies. Nutrient cycling. Ecosystem-Nitrogen cycle. Ecosystem- Phosphorus cycle. Major Biomes. Biology in Human Welfare- (Human Population and Health) - Exponential Growth and Human population explosion. Environment and Human population pressure. Development and environment. Human population Growth. Human Reproductive health. Adolescence. Mental health. Population as a Resource. Biochemistry- amino acids, peptides , protein structure, proteins denaturation, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids,vitamins and disease caused by deficiency of vitamins, introduction of glucose metabolism, overview of protein and lipid metabolism. (Genetic improvement and Disease control)- Phenotype. Improved varieties. Development of new varieties. Germplasm collection and conservation. Heterosis and Inbreeding depression. Mutation breeding. Polyploidy in crop improvement. Breeeding for Nutriional quality. Breeding for Disease resistance. Animal breeding. Hybrids. Plant Disease and their control. Animal Disease and their control. (Plant tissue culture and Biotechnology)- Plant tissue culture. Biotechnology. Genetically modified crops. Genetically modified Food. Sustainable Agriculture. Biopatent. Biopiracy. Biowar. Bioethics.recombinant DNA technology, useful enzymes genetic engineering,c-DNA library,blotting techniques,PCR,human genome project. (Immune system and Human Health)- Innate and Acquired Immunity. Innate(Nonspecific) Immunity. Acquired Immunity. Clonal selection and primary and secondary Immune Responses. Lymphoid organs. Vaccination and Immunisation. Blood groups. Organ Transplants and antibodies. Immune system disorders.




(Biomedical Technologies)- Diagonostic Images. Monitoring of Body’s vital functions. Biochemical Autoanalysers. Diagnostic kits. Endoscopy. Laser microsurgery. Cancer biology and Therapy. Transplantation. Haemodialysis. Prosthesis. Replacement surgery. Cryosurgery. Immunotherapy. Hormone therapy. Gene therapy. Detection of HIV infection. Detection of sexually transmitted diseases. Microbiology- sterilization techniques, classification of microorganism’s .Introduction of bacteria, PPLO, virus, fungi and parasites and disease caused by them. Chemistry- Linear graph equation and its variations ,Basic concept of chemistry, Mole concept,Molecular and Empirical formula,Atomic Structure. Radioactivity. Periodic Table and properties of s,p,d,f block elements. Chemical Bonding. Oxidation & Reduction. Gaseous state. Solution. Chemical kinetics. Chemical Equilibrium. Acid, Base & salt. Ionic Equilibrium. Thermodynamics. Thermochemistry. Electrochemistry. Stoichiometry. Solid state. Surface chemistry. Coordination compounds.Stereochemistry of carbon compounds,inductive,electromeric,conjugative effect and resonance,hydrocarbons,alkyle halides,alcohols,aldehydes and ketones,carboxylic acid,amines and their derivatives,aromatic hydrocarbon,halides ,nitro and amino compounds,phenols,diazonium salts,carboxylic acid and sulphonic acid,mechanism of organic reations,soaps and detergents,synthetic polymers,biomolecules –carbohydrates,proteins,vitamins,lipids,nucleic acid,,instrumental techniques-chromatography,electrophoresis,uv-visible,IR,NMR spectroscopy. Physics-(10+2 lavel) vector and measurements,kinematics,law of motion,work,energy and power,electrostatics,current electicity,maganetic effect of current and magnetism,electromagnetic induction and alternating current,electromagnetic waves,optics,dual nature of matter and radiations,atomic nucleus,solids and semiconductor devices,principle of communication,,gravitation,mechanics of solid and fluid,heat and thermodynamics,oscillations,waves,




Mathematics(10+2 lavel)- Sets, Relation and Functions, Mathematical Induction, Logarithms, Complex numbers, Linear and Quadratic equations, Sequences and Series, Trignometry, Coordinates, Straight lines and Family, Circles, Mathematical Logic, Statistics, Three Dimensional Geometry, Vectors, Stocks, Shares and Debentures, Average and partition Values, Index numbers, Matrices and Determinets, Boolean, Algebra, Probability, Functions, limits and Continuity, Differention, Application of Differential Equations, Elementary Statics and Dynamics, Partnership, Bill of Exchange, Linear programming, Annuities, Application of calculus in commerce and Economics,

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Thomas Jefferson

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Henry Ward Beecher

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Henry David Thoreau

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jnu m.sc. entrance syllabus

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