joan crawford

8/9/2019 Joan Crawford

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Joan CrawfordFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor other people named Joan Crawford, see Joan Crawford (disambiguation).

Joan Crawford

in 1936 photo by George Hurrell

Born Lucille Fay LeSueur

March 23, 1905[1

San !ntonio, "e#a$,%&S&

Died May 10, 19'' (age) '2*

+e -or. /ity, +e -or.,%&S&

Cause of death Heart attac. cancer

Resting place Ferncli /eetery,Hart$)ale, +e -or.,%&S&

Occupation !ctre$$

Years active 192519'2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hurrellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-birthyear-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hurrellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-birthyear-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford_(disambiguation)


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Spouse(s) 4ougla$ Fairban.$,

r&(& 1929 )i& 1933*

Franchot "one(& 1935 )i&1939*

7hillip "erry(& 1982 )i&1986*

!lre) Steele(& 1955 )ie) 1959*

Children/hri$tina(born 1939*

/hri$topher (19832006*

/ynthia (198'200'*

/athy (born 198'*

Parents "hoa$ & LeSueur

!nna :ell ohn$on

Relatives Hal LeSueur(brother*

Signature

Joan Crawford(March 23, 1905[1] May 10, 19!, "orn Lucille Fay LeSueur, #a$ a noted, %$carinnin'mericanfilm and tele)i$ion actre$$ #ho $tarted a$ a dancer and $ta'e chorine*

+e'innin' her career a$ a dancer in tra)elin' theatrical companie$ "efore de"tin' a$ a chorine (achor$ 'irl! on+road#ay,-ra#ford $i'ned a motion pictre contract #ith Metro&.old#yn&Mayerin1925* /nitially fr$trated "y the $ie and ality of her part$, -ra#ford "e'an a campai'n of $elf&p"licity and "ecame nationally kno#n a$ a flapper"y the end of the 1920$* /n the 1930$,-ra#ford$ fame ri)aled, and later otla$ted, M.M collea'e$ orma 4hearerand .reta .ar"o*-ra#ford often played hard#orkin' yon' #omen #ho find romance and $cce$$* he$e 6ra'$&to&riche$6 $torie$ #ere #ell recei)ed "y 7epre$$ion&era adience$ and #ere poplar #ith #omen*-ra#ford "ecame one of 8olly#ood$mo$t prominent mo)ie $tar$ and one of the hi'he$t paid#omen in the nited 4tate$, "t her film$ "e'an lo$in' money and "y the end of the 1930$ $he #a$la"eled 6+o: %ffice ;oi$on6* +t her career 'radally impro)ed in the early 190$, #hen her performance$ "ecame fe#er? after the relea$e of the +riti$hhorror film Trogin 190, -ra#ford retired from the $creen* Follo#in' a p"lic appearance in 19


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mother* -ra#ford$ relation$hip$ #ith her t#o older children,-hri$tinaand -hri$topher, #ereacrimonio$* -ra#ford di$inherited the t#o and, after -ra#ford$ death, -hri$tina #rote a 6tell&all6memoir,Mommie Dearest,in #hich $he alle'ed a lifelon' pattern of phy$ical and emotional a"$eperpetrated "y -ra#ford and $tated that @oan only cared for her career and maniplated her forchildren for p"licity rea$on$*

-ra#ford #a$ )oted the tenth 'reate$t female $tarin the hi$tory of merican cinema "ythemerican Film /n$titte*

Contents

[hide]

1 Aarly life

2 -areer

o 2*1 Aarly career

o

2*2 4elf&promotion and early $cce$$e$

o 2*3 ran$ition to $ond and contined $cce$$

o 2*< +o: %ffice ;oi$on

o 2*5 Mo)e to Warner +rother$

o 2*> Badio and tele)i$ion

o 2* l 4teele and ;ep$i -ola -ompany

o 2*C Dater career

3 Final year$

< 7eath and le'acy

5 Mommie Dearest

> Filmo'raphy

to"io'raphie$

C ote$

9 4orce$

10 Frther readin'

11 A:ternal link$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFI's_100_Years..._100_Starshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFI's_100_Years..._100_Starshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Film_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Film_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Film_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Early_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Careerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Early_careerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Self-promotion_and_early_successeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Transition_to_sound_and_continued_successhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Box_Office_Poisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Move_to_Warner_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Radio_and_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Al_Steele_and_Pepsi_Cola_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Later_careerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Final_yearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Death_and_legacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Filmographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Autobiographieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFI's_100_Years..._100_Starshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Film_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Early_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Careerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Early_careerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Self-promotion_and_early_successeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Transition_to_sound_and_continued_successhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Box_Office_Poisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Move_to_Warner_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Radio_and_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Al_Steele_and_Pepsi_Cola_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Later_careerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Final_yearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Death_and_legacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Filmographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Autobiographieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#External_links


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Early life[edit]

-ra#ford #a$ "orn Dcille Fay De4er in 4an ntonio, e:a$, the third child of homa$ A* De4er(@anary 21, 1C>C @anary 1, 193C!, a landryla"orer, and nna +ell @ohn$on (o)em"er 29,1CC< '$t 15, 195C!* 4he had An'li$h,French 8'enot,4#edi$h,and/ri$hance$try*[citationneeded]8er elder $i"lin'$ #ere 7ai$y (E 1902!, #ho died "efore Dcille$ "irth, and 8al* homa$

De4er a"andoned the family a fe# month$ "efore -ra#ford$ "irth "t reappeared in"ilene,e:a$in 1930 a$ a >2&year&old con$trction la"orer on the .eor'e B* 7a)i$ 8o$e, "ilt in ;rairie4choolarchitectre*[2]-ra#ford$ mother $"$eently married 8enry @* -a$$in ("orn c* 1C> died%cto"er 25, 1922!* hi$ marria'e i$ li$ted in cen$$ record$ a$ -ra#ford$ mother$ fir$t marria'e,callin' into e$tion #hether homa$ De4er and nna +ell @ohn$on #ere e)er le'ally #ed* [3]hefamily li)ed in Da#ton, %klahoma, #here -a$$in, a minor impre$ario, ran the Bam$ey %pera 8o$e*7e$pite hi$ o#n relati)ely minor $tat$ a$ an impre$ario, -a$$in mana'ed to 'et $ch di)er$e andnoted performer$ a$nna ;a)lo)aand A)a an'aydrin' hi$ career* on' Dcille #a$ reportedlyna#are that -a$$in, #hom $he called 67addy6, #a$ not her "iolo'ical father ntil her "rother 8altold her*[* 4he attended 4tephen$for only for month$ "efore #ithdra#in' after $he realied $he #a$ not prepared for colle'e*[citation needed]

Career[edit]

Early career[edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laundryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laundryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Huguenothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Huguenothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_LeSueurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-spoto-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Tanguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaudevillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-ReferenceA-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-spoto-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-spoto-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laundryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Huguenothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_LeSueurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-spoto-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Tanguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaudevillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-ReferenceA-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-spoto-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=3


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@oan -ra#ford in 192C

nder the name Dcille De4er, -ra#ford "e'an dancin' in the chor$e$ of tra)elin' re)e$ and#a$ $potted dancin' in 7etroit"y prodcer@aco" @* 4h"ert*[5][]4h"ert pt her in the chor$ line forhi$ 192< $ho#, nnocent !"es, at the Winter .arden heatreon +road#ayin e# ork -ity* Whileappearin' in nnocent !"es-ra#ford met a $a:ophone player named @ame$ Welton* he t#o #ere

alle'edly married in 192< and li)ed to'ether for $e)eral month$, altho'h thi$ $ppo$ed marria'e#a$ ne)er mentioned in later life "y -ra#ford*[C]4he #anted additional #ork and approached Doe#$heater$p"lici$t il$ .ranlnd* .ranlnd $ecred a po$ition for her #ith prodcer 8arryBichmond$ act and arran'ed for her to do a $creen te$t #hich he $ent to prodcer8arry Bapfin8olly#ood*[9]4torie$ ha)e per$i$ted that -ra#ford frther $pplemented her income "y appearin' inone or more$ta',or $oft&core porno'raphic, film$, [C]altho'h thi$ ha$ "een di$pted*[10]Bapf notified.ranlnd on 7ecem"er 2 and arri)ed in-l)er -ity, -aliforniaon @anary 1, 1925*

-redited a$ Dcille De4er, her fir$t film #a$ #ad" of the $ightin 1925, a$ the "ody do"leforM.M$ mo$t&poplar female $tar, orma 4hearer* 4he al$o appeared in The Circleand Prett"

#adies("oth 1925!, $tarrin' comedienneIa4 ;itt$* hi$ #a$ $oon follo#ed "y eally $mallandn"illedrole$ in t#o other 1925 $cce$$e$, The %nl" Thingand The Merr" &idow* M.Mp"licity head ;ete 4mith reco'nied her a"ility to "ecome a ma=or $tar, "t felt her name $ondedfake? he told $tdio headDoi$ +* Mayerthat her la$t nameJDe4erJreminded him of a $e#er*4mith or'anied a conte$t called 6ame the 4tar6 in Mo'ie &eel"to allo# reader$ to $elect herne# $ta'e name* he initial choice #a$ 6@oan rden6 "t, after another actre$$ #a$ fond to ha)eprior claim to that name, the alternate $rname 6-ra#ford6 "ecame the choice* -ra#ford later $aidthat $he #anted her fir$t name to "e prononced 6@o&nne6, and that $he hated the name -ra#ford"eca$e it $onded like 6cra# fi$h6, "t al$o admitted $he 6liked the $ecrity6 that #ent #ith thename*[12]

Self-promotion and early successes[edit]

.ro#in' increa$in'ly fr$trated o)er the $ie and ality of the part$ $he #a$ 'i)en, -ra#fordem"arked on a campai'n of $elf&promotion* $ M.M $creen#riter Frederica 4a'or Maa$recalled,6o one decided to make @oan -ra#ford a $tar* @oan -ra#ford "ecame a $tar "eca$e @oan-ra#ford decided to "ecome a $tar*6[13]4he "e'an attendin' dance$ in the afternoon$ and e)enin'$at hotel$ arond 8olly#ood, #here $he often #on dance competition$ #ith her performance$ ofthe-harle$tonand the +lack +ottom*[1


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With @ohn .il"ertin a 192C film,Four &alls

8er $trate'y #orked, and M.M ca$t her in the film #here $he fir$t made an impre$$ion onadience$, Admnd .oldin'$ all", rene and Mar"(1925!* From the "e'innin' of her career,-ra#ford con$idered orma 4hearerJthe $tdio$ mo$t&poplar actre$$Jher profe$$ional neme$i$*4ince 4hearer #a$ married to M.M 8ead of ;rodction /r)in' hal"er', $he had the fir$t choice of$cript$ and had more control than other $tar$ in #hat film$ $he #old and #old not make* -ra#ford#a$ oted to ha)e $aid, 68o# can / compete #ith ormaK 4he $leep$ #ith the "o$$L6 /n 192>,-ra#ford #a$ named one of the WM;4 +a"y 4tar$alon' #ith Mary $tor, 7olore$ del Bo,@anet.aynor, and Fay Wrayamon' other$* hat $ame year, $he $tarred in Paris, co&$tarrin' -harle$ Bay*Within a fe# year$, $he "ecame the romantic female lead to many of M.M$ top male $tar$,incldin'BamNn o)arro, @ohn .il"ert, William 8aine$,andim Mc-oy*-ra#ford appeared in The*nnown(192!, $tarrin' Don -haney, 4r*#ho played a carni)al knife thro#er #ith no arm$*-ra#ford played hi$ $kimpily&clad yon' carni)al a$$i$tant #hom he hope$ to marry* 4he $tated that

$he learned more a"ot actin' from #atchin' -haney #ork than from anyone el$e in her career* 6/t#a$ then,6 $he $aid, 6/ "ecame a#are for the fir$t time of the difference "et#een $tandin' in front ofa camera, and actin'*6 l$o in 192, $he appeared alon'$ide her clo$e friend,William 8aine$,in pring Fe'er,#hich #a$ the fir$t of three mo)ie$ the do made to'ether*[15][1>]

/n 192C, -ra#ford $tarred oppo$iteBamNn o)arroin+cross to ingapore,"t it #a$ her role a$7iana Medford in %ur Dancing Daughters(192C! that cataplted her to $tardom* he rolee$ta"li$hed her a$ a $ym"ol of modern 1920$&$tyle femininity #hich ri)aled-lara +o#, the ori'inal /t'irl, then 8olly#ood$ foremo$tflapper* $tream of hit$ follo#ed %ur Dancing Daughters, incldin't#o more flapper&themed mo)ie$, in #hich -ra#ford em"odied for her le'ion of fan$ (many of #hom#ere #omen! an idealied )i$ion of the free&$pirited, all&merican 'irl* F* 4cott Fit'erald#rote of-ra#fordO[1]

@oan -ra#ford i$ do"tle$$ the "e$t e:ample of the flapper, the 'irl yo $ee in $mart ni'ht cl"$,'o#ned to the ape: of $ophi$tication, toyin' iced 'la$$e$ #ith a remote, faintly "itter e:pre$$ion,dancin' delicio$ly, la'hin' a 'reat deal, #ith #ide, hrt eye$* on' thin'$ #ith a talent for li)in'*

%n @ne 3, 1929, -ra#ford married7o'la$ Fair"ank$, @r*at4aint Malachy$ Boman -atholic-hrch(kno#n a$ 6he ctor$ -hapel6 de to it$ pro:imity to +road#ay theatre$! in Manhattan,altho'h neither #a$ -atholic* [1C]Fair"ank$ #a$ the $on of7o'la$ Fair"ank$and the $tep$onof Mary ;ickford, #ho #ere con$idered 8olly#ood royalty* Fair"ank$ 4r* and ;ickford #ere oppo$edto the marria'e and did not in)ite the cople to their home,;ickfair, for ei'ht month$ after themarria'e* he relation$hip "et#een -ra#ford and Fair"ank$, 4r* e)entally #armed? $he called him
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Walls_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gouldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gouldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally,_Irene_and_Maryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Thalberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAMPAS_Baby_Starshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Astorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Gaynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Gaynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fay_Wrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(1926_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ray_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Haineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Haineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McCoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McCoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McCoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unknown_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unknown_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Chaneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Chaneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Haineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Haineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Fever_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Fever_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Across_to_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Across_to_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Dancing_Daughtershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Dancing_Daughtershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Bowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgeraldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgeraldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Malachy's_Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Malachy's_Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Malachy's_Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbankshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbankshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickfairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickfairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Walls_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gouldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally,_Irene_and_Maryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Thalberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAMPAS_Baby_Starshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Astorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Gaynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Gaynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fay_Wrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(1926_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ray_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Haineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McCoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unknown_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unknown_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Chaneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Haineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Fever_(1927_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Across_to_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Dancing_Daughtershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Bowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgeraldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Malachy's_Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Malachy's_Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbankshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickfair


7/23

6ncle 7o'6 and he called her 6+illie6, her old childhood nickname*[19]Follo#in' that fir$t in)itation,-ra#ford and Fair"ank$, @r* "ecame more freent 'e$t$, #hich #a$ hard on -ra#ford* While theFair"ank$ men played 'olf to'ether, -ra#ford #a$ left either #ith ;ickford or alone* [20]

o rid her$elf of her 4oth#e$ternaccent, -ra#ford tirele$$ly practiced diction and eloction* 4he$aidO[21]

/f / #ere to $peak line$, it #old "e a 'ood idea, / tho'ht, to read alod to my$elf, li$ten careflly tomy )oice ality and ennciation, and try to learn in that manner* / #old lock my$elf in my room andread ne#$paper$, ma'aine$ and "ook$ alod* t my el"o# / kept a dictionary* When / came to a#ord / did not kno# ho# to prononce, / looked it p and repeated it correctly fifteen time$*

Transition to sound and continued success[edit]

-ra#ford in 1932

fter the relea$e of The Ja ingerin 192Jthe fir$t ma=or 8olly#ood mo)ie #ith $ynchronied

$ondJ$ond film$, or talkie$ a$ they "ecame nicknamed, #ere all the ra'e* he tran$ition from$ilent to $ond panicked manyJif not allJin)ol)ed #ith the film ind$try? many $ilent film $tar$fond them$el)e$ nemploya"le "eca$e of their nde$ira"le )oice$ and hard&to&nder$tandaccent$ or $imply "eca$e of their ref$al to make the tran$ition to talkie$* Many $tdio$ and $tar$a)oided makin' the tran$ition a$ lon' a$ po$$i"le, e$pecially M.M, #hich #a$ the la$t $tdio to$#itch o)er to $ond*The -oll"wood e'ue of /010(1929! #a$ one of the $tdio$ fir$t all&$ondfilm$, and their fir$t attempt to $ho#ca$e their $tar$ a"ility to make the tran$ition from $ilent to$ond* -ra#ford #a$ amon' the doen or more M.M $tar$ inclded in the mo)ie? $he $an' the$on' 6.ot a Feelin' for o6 drin' the film$ fir$t act* 8er fir$t $tarrin' role in an all&$ond featre&len'th film #a$ in*ntamedin 1929, co&$tarrin' Bo"ert Mont'omery* 7e$pite the $cce$$ of the filmat the "o: office, it recei)ed mi:ed re)ie#$ from critic$, #ho noted that #hile -ra#ford $eemedner)o$ at makin' the tran$ition to $ond, al$o noted that $he had "ecome one of the mo$t&poplar

actre$$e$ in the #orld*[22]

-ra#ford made a $cce$$fl tran$ition to talkie$ in the late 1920$* Montana Moon(1930!, an nea$ymi: of We$tern clichP$ and m$ic, teamed her #ith @ohn Mack +ro#nand Bicardo -orte* ltho'hthe film ahd pro"lem$ #ith cen$or$, it #a$ a ma=or $cce$$ at the time of it$ relea$e*%ur 2lushing2rides(1930!, co&$tarrin'Bo"ert Mont'omeryandnita ;a'e, #a$ the final in$tallment in the $o&called %ur Dancing Daughtersfranchi$e* /t #a$ a 'reater $cce$$"oth critically and financiallythanher pre)io$ talkie$, and "ecame one of her per$onal fa)orite$* 8er ne:t mo)ie,Paid(1930!, pairedher #ith Bo"ert rm$tron'and #a$ another $cce$$* 7rin' the early $ond era, M.M "e'an to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accent_(dialect)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jazz_Singerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Revue_of_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Revue_of_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Revue_of_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untamed_(1929_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untamed_(1929_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Roar72-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Roar72-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mack_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Cortezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Blushing_Brideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Blushing_Brideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Blushing_Brideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paid_(1930_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paid_(1930_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Armstrong_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accent_(dialect)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jazz_Singerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Revue_of_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untamed_(1929_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Roar72-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mack_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Cortezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Blushing_Brideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Blushing_Brideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paid_(1930_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Armstrong_(actor)


8/23

place -ra#ford in more $ophi$ticated&type role$, rather than continin' to promote her flapper&in$pired per$ona of the $ilent era*[23]

/n 1931, M.M ca$t -ra#ford in fi)e film$* hree of them teamed her oppo$ite the $tdio$ "i''e$tmale $tar and Gin' of 8olly#ood,-lark .a"le* Dance, Fools, Dance, relea$ed in Fe"rary 1931,#a$ the film pairin' of -ra#ford and .a"le* heir $econd mo)ie to'ether,#aughing inners,relea$ed in May 1931, #a$ directed "y 8arry +eamontand al$o co&$tarredeil8amilton* Possessed, their third film to'ether, relea$ed in %cto"er, #a$ directed "y -larence +ro#n*he$e film$ #ere immen$ely poplar #ith adience$, and #ere 'enerally #ell&recei)ed "y critic$,$taplin' -ra#ford$ po$ition a$ one of M.M$ top female $tar$ of the decade, alon' #ith orma4hearer,.reta .ar"o, and @ean 8arlo#*8er only other nota"le film of 1931,This Modern +ge, #a$relea$ed in '$t, and de$pite nfa)ora"le re)ie#$, #a$ a moderate $cce$$*

M.M ne:t ca$t her in the film3rand -otel, directed "y Admnd .oldin'*$ the $tdio$ fir$t all&$tarprodction, -ra#ford co&$tarred oppo$ite.reta .ar"o, @ohnand Dionel +arrymore, and Wallace+eeryamon' other$* Becei)in' third "illin', $he played the middle&cla$$ $teno'rapher to +eery$controllin' 'eneral director* -ra#ford later admitted to "ein' ner)o$ drin' the filmin' of the mo)ie"eca$e $he #a$ #orkin' #ith 6)ery "i' $tar$6, and that $he #a$ di$appointed that $he had no$cene$ #ith the 6di)ine .ar"o6*3rand -otel#a$ relea$ed in pril 1932 to critical and commercial$cce$$* /t #a$ the hi'he$t&'ro$$in' mo)ie of the year, and #on thecademy #ard for +e$t

;ictre* -ra#ford achie)ed contined $cce$$ in#ett" #"nton(1932!* 4oon after the mo)ie$relea$e, a pla'iari$m $it forced M.M to #ithdra# it* /t ha$ ne)er "een $ho#n on tele)i$ionor madea)aila"le on home )ideo,and i$ therefore con$idered the 6lo$t6 -ra#ford film* he #hite cottonor'andy 'o#n #ith lar'e rffled $lee)e$, de$i'ned "ydrian, -ra#ford #ore in the mo)ie "ecame apoplar $tyle of the year*Macy$copied the dre$$ in 1932, and it $old more than 50,000 replica$ inthe nited 4tate$ alone* %n a loan ot to nited rti$t$, $he played pro$titte 4adie homp$onin ain(1932!, a film )er$ion of @ohn -olton$ 1923 play* ctre$$@eanne Aa'el$played the role on$ta'e and .loria 4#an$onhad ori'inated the part on $creen in the 192C film )er$ion*-ra#ford$performance #a$ panned and the film #a$ not a $cce$$*

7e$pite the film$ failre, in 1932, the p"li$hin' of the fir$t 6op en Money Makin' 4tar$ ;oll6played -ra#ford third in poplarity at the "o: office, "ehind only Marie 7re$$lerand@anet .aynor*4he remained on the li$t for the ne:t $e)eral year$, la$t appearin' on it in 193>* /n May 1933,

-ra#ford di)orced Fair"ank$* -ra#ford cited 6'rie)o$ mental crelty6, claimin' Fair"ank$ had 6a=ealo$ and $$picio$ attitde6 to#ard her friend$ and that they had 6lod ar'ment$ a"ot themo$t tri)ial $"=ect$6 la$tin' 6far into the ni'ht6* [2]+efore and drin' their marria'e, -ra#ford #orked to promote one$ 8olly#ood career, "t one#a$ ltimately not intere$ted in "ein' a mo)ie $tar and -ra#ford e)entally #earied of the effort*[2]one "e'an drinkin' and phy$ically a"$in' -ra#ford? $he filed for di)orce, #hich #a$ 'ranted in1939*[2C]-ra#ford and one e)entally reconciled their friend$hip and one e)en propo$ed in 19>C, -ra#ford arran'ed for him to "e cremated and hi$ a$he$$cattered at M$koka Dake$, -anada*[29]

-ra#ford contined her rei'n a$ a poplar mo)ie actre$$ #ell into the mid&1930$* $o More#adies(1935! co&$tarred Bo"ert Mont'omeryand then&h$"and Franchot one, and #a$ a $cce$$*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance,_Fools,_Dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing_Sinnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing_Sinnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing_Sinnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Beaumonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessed_(1931_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Harlowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Harlowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Modern_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Modern_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gouldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gouldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barrymorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Barrymorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Beeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Beeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letty_Lyntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letty_Lyntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letty_Lyntonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy'shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy'shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_(1932_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Colton_(screenwriter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Colton_(screenwriter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Eagelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Eagelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swansonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swansonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadie_Thompsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadie_Thompsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Dresslerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Gaynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Gaynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_Ladyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_Ladyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadie_McKeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Raymondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Raymondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchot_Tonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchot_Tonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chained_(1934_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chained_(1934_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsaking_All_Othershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsaking_All_Othershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsaking_All_Othershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchot_Tonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_We_Livehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_We_Livehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskoka_Lakeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_More_Ladieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_More_Ladieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchot_Tonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance,_Fools,_Dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing_Sinnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Beaumonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessed_(1931_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Harlowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Modern_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gouldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barrymorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Barrymorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Beeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Beeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picturehttp://en.wikipedia.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9/23

-ra#ford had lon' pleaded #ith M.M$ head Doi$ +* Mayerto ca$t her in more dramatic role$, andaltho'h he #a$ relctant, he ca$t her in the $ophi$ticated comedy&drama #i'e M" #ife(1935!,directed "y W*4* Qan 7yke* /t #a$ #ell&recei)ed "y critic$ and made a lar'er profit than the $tdiohad e:pected* 4he ne:t $tarred in the period film The 3orgeous -uss"(193>!, oppo$ite Bo"ertaylorandDionel +arrymorea$ #ell a$ one, a critical and "o: office $cce$$, "ecome one of-ra#ford$ "i''e$t hit$ of the decade* #o'e on the un(193>!, a romantic comedy directed "yW*4*

Qan 7yke, #a$ her $e)enth film co&$tarrin' -lark .a"le*/t #a$, at the time of it$ relea$e, called 6a lotof happy non$en$e6 "y critic$, "t a financial $cce$$ nonethele$$*

Box Office Poison[edit]

-ra#ford #a$ proclaimed the fir$t 6Reen of the Mo)ie$6 in 193 "y#ifema'aine* 7e$pite thi$, ande)en tho'h $he remained a re$pected M.M actre$$ and her film $till earned profit$, her poplaritydeclined in the late 1930$* /n 193, $he ne:pectedly $lipped from $e)enth to fortieth place at the"o: office, and her p"lic poplarity al$o "e'an to #ane* [30]Bichard +ole$la#$ki$ comedy&drama The #ast of Mrs. Che"ne"(193! teamed her oppo$ite William ;o#ellfor the fir$t time? it #a$al$o her fir$t film in year$ to lo$e money at the "o: office* 4he co&$tarred oppo$iteFranchot oneforthe $e)enth and final time in The 2ride &ore ed(193!* he film #a$ 'enerally nfa)ora"lyre)ie#ed "y the ma=ority of critic$, #ith one critic callin' it the 6$ame ole ra'$&to&riche$ $tory6-ra#ford had "een makin' for year$* /t al$o ran a financial lo$$, "ecomin' one of M.M$ "i''e$tfailre$ of the year* Manne5uindid, a$ the $ew 6or Times$tated, 6re$tore -ra#ford to her thronea$ een of the #orkin' 'irl$6* Mo$t other re)ie#$ #ere po$iti)e, and the film mana'ed to 'enerate aminor profit, "t it did not re$rrect -ra#ford$ poplarity*[30]

%n May 3, 193C, -ra#fordJalon' #ith M.M collea'e$.reta .ar"o, orma 4hearer,Di$eBainer, and @ohn +arrymore, a$ #ell a$ Gatharine 8ep"rn, Fred $taire,7olore$ del Boandother$J#a$ d""ed 6+o: %ffice ;oi$on6 in an open letter in the ndependent Film Journal* he li$t#a$ $"mitted "y 8arry +randt, pre$ident of the /ndependent heatre %#ner$ $$ociation of

merica* +randt $tated that #hile the$e $tar$ had 6ne$tioned6 dramatic a"ilitie$, their hi'h$alarie$ did not reflect in their ticket $ale$, th$ hrtin' the mo)ie e:hi"itor$ in)ol)ed* 8er follo#&pmo)ie, The hining -our(193C!, co&$tarrin' Mar'aret 4lla)anand Mel)yn 7o'la$, #a$ #ell&recei)ed "y critic$, "t a "o: office flop* [31]

4he made a come"ack #ith her role a$ homerecker -ry$tal llen in The &omenin 1939* yearlater, $he "roke from formla, playin' the n'lamoro$ role of @lie intrange Cargo(19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Woman's_Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Woman's_Face_(1938_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Woman's_Face_(1938_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Bergmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Bergmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Terryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Women's_Voluntary_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-joan-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-joan-33http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Canteen_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_B._Mayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Live_My_Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.S._Van_Dykehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gorgeous_Hussyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Barrymorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_on_the_Run_(1936_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.S._Van_Dykehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.S._Van_Dykehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Thomas.2C_pg._113-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Boleslawskihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_of_Mrs._Cheyney_(1937_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Powellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchot_Tonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bride_Wore_Redhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannequin_(1937_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Thomas.2C_pg._113-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_Shearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Rainerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Rainerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barrymorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Astairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_Office_Poison_(magazine_article)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shining_Hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sullavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvyn_Douglashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Women_(1939_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_Cargo_(1940_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Woman's_Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Woman's_Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Woman's_Face_(1938_film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Bergmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Bergmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Terryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Women's_Voluntary_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-joan-33http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Canteen_(film)


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main rea$on$ $he $i'ned #ith Warner +rother$ #a$ "eca$e $he #anted to play the character6Mattie6 in a propo$ed 19


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$l Steele and Pepsi Cola Company[edit]

-ra#ford married her final h$"and,lfred 4teele, at theFlamin'o 8otelin Da$ Qe'a$ on May 10,1955*[3]-ra#ford and 4teele met at a party in 1950 #hen 4teele #a$ an e:ecti)e at;ep$i-o* heyrene#ed their acaintance at a e# ear$ A)e party in 195


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attend the ceremony, $he #old "e happy to accept the %$car on their "ehalf? all a'reed* +oth 7a)i$and -ra#ford #ere "ack$ta'e #hen the a"$entnne +ancroft#a$ annonced a$ the #inner, and-ra#ford accepted the a#ard on her "ehalf* 7a)i$ claimed for the re$t of her life that -ra#ford hadcampai'ned a'ain$t her, a char'e -ra#ford denied*[citation needed]

hat $ame year, -ra#ford $tarred a$ Dcy 8ar"in inWilliam -a$tle$ horror my$tery trait>Jacet(19>, 19>C* -ra#ford $tr''led drin' rehear$al$ and drank hea)ily on&$et, leadin' $erie$ $tar Dcille +allto $''e$t replacin' her #ith .loria 4#an$on* 8o#e)er, -ra#ford

#a$ letter&perfect the day of the $ho#, #hich inclded dancin' the -harle$ton, and recei)ed t#o$tandin' o)ation$ from the $tdio adience*[]

/n %cto"er 19>C, -ra#ford$ 29&year&old da'hter, -hri$tina (#ho #a$ then actin' in e# ork onthe-+4$oap operaThe ecret torm!, needed immediate medical attention for a rptred o)ariantmor* ntil -hri$tina #a$ #ell eno'h to retrn, -ra#ford offered to play her role, to #hichprodcer.loria Montyreadily a'reed* ltho'h -ra#ford did #ell in rehear$al, $he lo$t hercompo$re #hile tapin' and the director and prodcer #ere left to $tr''le to piece to'ether thenece$$ary foota'e*[9 tele)i$ion film $ight 3aller"(#hich $er)ed a$ pilot to the $erie$that follo#ed!, marked one of4te)en 4piel"er'$ earlie$t directin' =o"$* 4he made a cameoappearance a$ her$elf in the fir$t epi$ode of the $itation comedyThe Tim Conwa" how, #hich

aired on @anary 30, 190*[


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andarthriti$at the time* When -ra#ford $a# the nflatterin' photo$ that appeared in the paper$ thene:t day, $he $aid, 6/f that$ ho# / look, then they #ont $ee me anymore*6 [52]-ra#ford cancelled allp"lic appearance$, "e'an declinin' inter)ie#$ and left her apartment le$$ and le$$*

7ental&related[citation needed]i$$e$, incldin' $r'ery #hich left her needin' rond&the&clock nr$in' care,pla'ed her from 192 ntil mid&195* While on anti"iotic$ for thi$ pro"lem in %cto"er 193]

Mommie Dearest"ecame a "e$t$eller and #a$ made into the 19C1 "io'raphy film Mommie Dearest,$tarrin' Faye 7na#aya$ -ra#ford*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih_Tzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih_Tzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-obit-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Funeral_Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Funeral_Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Funeral_Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Country_House_and_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Heart_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crematedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crematedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crematedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Find_A_Grave-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Find_A_Grave-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman's_Chinese_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman's_Chinese_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman's_Chinese_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman's_Chinese_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_Youthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goo_(album)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildred_Pierce_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abusehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Romerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Gray_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Huttonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Huttonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Hayes-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Hayes-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_MacArthurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Newsweek-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Newsweek-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Allysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Smith_(journalist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Smith_(journalist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Reedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Shermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Shermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Sherman-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Sherman-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-documentary-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearest_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faye_Dunawayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih_Tzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-obit-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Funeral_Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Country_House_and_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Heart_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crematedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Find_A_Grave-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman's_Chinese_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauman's_Chinese_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_Youthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goo_(album)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildred_Pierce_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abusehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna_Loyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Romerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Gray_(actor)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Huttonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Hayes-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_MacArthurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Newsweek-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Allysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Smith_(journalist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Smith_(journalist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Reedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Redbook-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Shermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-Sherman-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_note-documentary-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mommie_Dearest_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faye_Dunaway


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Filmography[edit]Main articleAJoan Crawford filmograph"

Autobiographies[edit]

J (19>2!*+ Portrait of JoanA The +utobiograph" of Joan Crawford*7o"leday*/4+9C&1&25C&123C&1*

J (191!* M" &a" of #ife* 4imon T 4ch$ter* /4+9C&0&>1&C5>C&0*

Notes[edit]1* U@mp p toOab.i)en that her elder "rother 8al #a$ "orn in

4eptem"er 1903 ($ee[1],[2]!, it i$ nearly "iolo'ically impo$$i"le thatDcille cold ha)e "een "orn in March 190< and ne)er any indication$he #a$ "orn three month$ prematrely*V minority of $orce$, incldin' the 1910and 1920 cen$$ record$,indicate 1905 a$ the year of "irth*V 8er $chool record$ indicate $he 'a)e her year of "irth a$ 190>*V 4he "e'an $in' the year 190C arond 1929 #hen $he entered intoher fir$t marria'e, and her 'ra)e$tone $tate$ 190C, but$ince $he 'a)e190> a$ her year of "irth to her $chool, and al$o $ince $he #old ha)e"een only 1> year$ old on @anary 1, 1925 #hen $he "e'an her8olly#ood career, 190C i$ almo$t definitely inaccrate*

Da#rence @* Rirk? William 4choell (4eptem"er 30, 2002!*JoanCrawfordA The !ssential 2iograph"* ni)er$ity ;re$$ of Gentcky*pp* 1* /4+9C&0&C131&225


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C* U@mp p toOab-on$idine, p'* 12

9* Jump up %.ranlnd, p'* 1* Jump up %-ra#ford, oted in 4kal, p'* 3

1* Jump up %Fit'erald, oted in homa$, p'* )ii

1C* Jump up %6@oan -ra#ford Wed$ in the Aa$t6* Jefferson Cit" M% Dail"Capital $ews* @ne 3

21* Jump up %-ra#ford, oted in homa$, p'* >5

22* Jump up %8y, ;eter(1991!, M3MA &hen the #ion oars, tlantaOrner ;"li$hin', /nc*, p* 2,/4+1&CC>C5&0


16/23

32* Jump up %6@oan -ra#ford Wed$ ctor ;hillip erry6* #ubboc (T)Morning +'alanche(;!* @ly 22, 19nde9 and Democrat*

$$ociated ;re$$* May 10, 1955* p* C*

3C* Jump up %homa$, p'* 190

39* U@mp p toOab6@oan -ra#ford 7ie$ at 8ome? @oan -ra#ford, 4creen4tar, 7ie$ in Manhattan 8ome6*$ew 6or Times* May 11, 19*Betrie)ed '$t 21, 200*

, 2012*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-joan_33-0http://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=crawfrod+quirk&cd=1#v=snippet&q=volunteer&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=crawfrod+quirk&cd=1#v=snippet&q=volunteer&f=falsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2254-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2254-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-35http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-JoanCrawfordAdoptedTwins_36-0http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/may/25/biography.filmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/may/25/biography.filmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/may/25/biography.filmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/may/25/biography.filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_UKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_UKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_UKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-obit_39-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-obit_39-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-obit_39-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-obit_39-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-obit_39-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-obit_39-1http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0323.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0323.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0323.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0323.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-41http://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&pg=RA3-PA246&lpg=RA3-PA246&dq=Joan+Crawford+fang#v=onepage&q=fang&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&pg=RA3-PA246&lpg=RA3-PA246&dq=Joan+Crawford+fang#v=onepage&q=fang&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&pg=RA3-PA246&lpg=RA3-PA246&dq=Joan+Crawford+fang#v=onepage&q=fang&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&pg=RA3-PA246&lpg=RA3-PA246&dq=Joan+Crawford+fang#v=onepage&q=fang&f=falsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2254-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2254-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2254-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-48http://www.joancrawfordbest.com/tv70s.htmhttp://www.joancrawfordbest.com/tv70s.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-49http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKOJL6lrHQIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKOJL6lrHQIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-50http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIrPtI_uD_Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIrPtI_uD_Qhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-joan_33-0http://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=crawfrod+quirk&cd=1#v=snippet&q=volunteer&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=_yQtRavDvtUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=crawfrod+quirk&cd=1#v=snippet&q=volunteer&f=falsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2254-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-35http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2012/09/joan-crawford-academy-award-auctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-JoanCrawfordAdoptedTwins_36-0http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/may/25/biography.filmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/may/25/biography.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17/23

51* Jump up %-o#ie, ;eter* Joan CrawfordA The !nduring tar(Biolini)er$e ;romotional +ook$, March C, 2011!, pp* 203595*

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-11536-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-11536-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-55http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/crawford200803http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/crawford200803http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/crawford200803http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Find_A_Grave_56-0http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=242http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Hayes_58-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-163695-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-163695-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Newsweek_60-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Strousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Strousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Allysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Allysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-06251-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-06251-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Sherman_62-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813119758http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813119758http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813119758http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-documentary_63-0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0vP6I_Tgjohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0vP6I_Tgjohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_Crawford&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/052524770Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861059310http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861059310http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861059310http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/098223130Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-11536-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-55http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/crawford200803http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/crawford200803http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Find_A_Grave_56-0http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=242http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Hayes_58-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-163695-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Redbook_59-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Newsweek_60-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Strousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Allysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-06251-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawford#cite_ref-Sherman_62-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/08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18/23

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rawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Crawfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award_1952%E2%80%931975http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award_1952%E2%80%931975http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award_1952%E2%80%931975&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Cecil_B._DeMille_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_controlhttp://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-008750http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_Filehttps://viaf.org/viaf/59052380http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Numberhttp://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80008750http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_Filehttp://d-nb.info/gnd/118638556http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_Francehttp://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936318thttp://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936318thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Nameshttp://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500330926http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusicBrainzhttp://musicbrainz.org/artist/32d3f10f-d30c-4133-9af4-9c3d62e343f5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Libraryhttp://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620538http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1900s_birthshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1977_deathshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_actresseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesspeoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_women_writershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Kansas_City,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Oklahomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_San_Antonio,_Texas


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merican -hri$tian 4cienti$t$

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21/23

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