Job Analysis

The process of collecting and organizing information about jobs performed in the organization and the principle elements involved in performing them.It is a systematic way to gather and analyze information about the content of the jobs, specific human requirements and the context of the jobs.

Core of Job Analysis

The distinction that is made among jobs in an organization relative to 7 criteria:

Work activity and behaviorsInteractions with othersPerformance standardsMachines and equipment usedWorking conditionsSupervision given and received,Knowledge, skills, and abilities needed

Job Analysis Process

Can be performed by someone inside or outside the organization.It serves a wide variety of purposes; such as recruitment and selection followed closely by the setting of equitable wage and salary levels.

A job analysis normally follows these customary steps:

Identify the job to be studiedDetermine how to collect details such as:

tasks, responsibilities, skill requirementsIdentify who in the organization has this informationInform everyone of the purpose and procedures to be followed during analysis to calm fears and obtain cooperationGather all pertinent data such as job descriptions, organization charts and industry related resources.

Conduct the analysis by gathering complete information through interviews, questionnaires, records, and observationsEvaluate and verify the accuracy of the data collected with other employees and managersPrepare job descriptions and job specifications with input from employees and managers

Job Description – defines in written form tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a particular job; The job specification goes further and clarifies the knowledge, degree, skills, and abilities a worker needs in order to do the job competently.

Job DescriptionNeeds as many of the following listed as possible: job title, department, code, salary range, and supervisor.In addition:

Physical demands of job and minimum physical requirementsWorking conditions, including responsibilities for other people, money and equipment, and relationships with othersDuties and responsibilitiesDays and hours of workMachines, tools, and equipment used

Job Specifications

Employee characteristicsEducational background and knowledge, skills and techniques, and training and experience required to perform the job, as well as any special training neededPersonal characteristics such as sociability, and organizational and communication skills