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 Job Outlook to 2022For Today’s College GraduateBased on U.S. Department of Labor Statistics

OCCUPATION E MPLOYMENT,2012

 JOBOUTLOOKTO2022

 JOBREQUIREMENTSANDPROSPECTS

Business and Management CareersAccountantsand

Auditors

1 ,2 75 ,4 00 U p 13 % at a n

averagerate

Overalljobopportunitiesshouldbefavorable,althoughjobseekerswhohaveearned

professionalrecognition,especiallyasCertifiedPublic Accountants(CPAs),shouldhave

thebestprospects.Job applicantswhohavea master’sdegreeinaccountingor amaster’s

degreeinbusinesswith aconcentrationinaccountingalso mayhavean advantage.Com-

petitionshouldbestrongfor jobswiththe mostprestigiousaccountingandbusinessfirms.

Financial

Managers

5 32 ,1 00 U p 9% a t an

averagerate

Growthisexpectedto besteadyand willincreasein linewiththe growthoftheeconomy

asa whole.Candidateswithexpertiseinaccountingand finance,particularlythosewithamaster’sdegree,shouldenjoythe bestjobprospects.Strongcomputerskillsand knowl-

edgeofinternationalfinanceareimportant;so areexcellentcommunicationskills,because

financialmanagementjobsinvolveworkingon strategicplanningteams.

Manufacturing

andWholesale

Sales

Representatives

1 ,8 63 ,0 00 U p 9% a t a n

averagerate

Employmentgrowthis expectedtobestrongestfor salesrepresentativesworkingat

independentsales agencies.Companiesareincreasinglygivingtheirsales activitiesto

independentcompaniesas away tocut costsand boostrevenue.Jobopportunitiesshould

bebestfor thosewithprevioussales experience.Thoughthelarge sizeof theoccupation

createsmanyjobopenings,the relativelyhigh paywill alsolikelyattracta largenumberof applicants.

Advertising,

Marketing,

Promotions,

PublicRelations,

andSales

Managers

2 16 ,0 00 U p 12 % at a n

averagerate

Intensedomesticandglobalcompetitionin productsandservicesofferedto consumers

isexpectedto spurfaster-than-averagegrowthinemployment.Employmentisprojected

togrowmuch fasterthanaveragein scientific,professional,and relatedservicessuchas

computersystemsdesignandrelatedservicesand advertisingandrelatedservices,as busi-

nessesincreasinglyhirecontractorsfortheseservicesinstead ofadditionalfull-timestaff.

HR,Training,and

LaborRelationsManagers

andSpecialists

4 95 ,5 00 U p 7% a t a

slower-than-averagerate

Collegegraduateswhohave majoredina widerangeof fieldsfillentry-leveljobs.Formany

specializedjobs,previousexperienceisan asset;formoreadvancedpositions,includingthoseofmanagers,arbitrators,andmediators,it isessential.Keencompetitionfor jobs

isexpecteddue totheabundantsupply ofqualifiedcollegegraduatesandexperienced

workers.

Computing CareersComputer

Programmers

3 43 ,7 00 U p 8% a t an

averagerate

Manycomputerprogrammerswork incomputersystemdesign andrelatedservices,an

industrythatis expectedtogrowas aresultof anincreasingdemandfor newcomputer

software.Inaddition,newapplicationswill havetobe developedfor mobiletechnologyandthehealth careindustry.Jobprospectswill bebest forprogrammerswhohavea bach-

elor’sdegreeorhigherand knowledgeofa varietyofprogramminglanguages.Keepingup

todatewith thenewestprogrammingtoolswillalso improvejobprospects.

Computer

SystemsAnalysts

5 20 ,6 00 U p 25 % at a

muchfaster-

than-average

rate

Additionaljobgrowthisexpectedforcomputersystemsanalystsin healthcarefields.A

largeincreaseisalso anticipatedinelectronicmedicalrecords,e-prescribing,and other

formsofhealthcare IT,andanalystswillbe neededtodesigncomputersystemstoaccom-

modatetheincrease.Theseanalysts,whowillbe hiredbyorganizationstodesigncomputer

systemsina varietyofindustries,willmoveon toanotherassignmentwhentheyarefinished.

Computer

Support

Specialists

7 22 ,4 00 U p 17 % at a

faster-than-

averagerate

Astechnologybecomesmorecomplexand widespread,supportspecialists willbe

neededingreaternumbersto resolvethetechnicalproblemsthatarise.Thereare many

pathsofentry toa jobas acomputersupportspecialist.Thereare usuallyclearadvance-

mentpossibilitiesforcomputersupportspecialists,creatingnew jobopenings.Applicants

witha bachelor’sdegreeand astrongtechnicalbackgroundshouldhave thebestjobopportunities.

Education CareersCollegeand

University

Faculty

1 ,2 67 ,7 00 U p 19 % at a

faster-than-

averagerate

Opportunitiesfor collegeanduniversityteachingjobsare expectedtoimprove,butmany

newopeningswillbe forpart-timeor non-tenure-trackpositions.Prospectsforteaching

 jobswillcontinueto bebetterin academicfieldsthat offerattractivealternativenonaca-

demicjobopportunities—healthspecialties,businessand computerscience,forexample,

whichattractfewerapplicantsfor academicpositions.Educationalqualificationsfor

postsecondaryteacherjobs rangefromexpertisein aparticularfield toa Ph.D.,depending

onthesubject beingtaughtand thetypeof educationalinstitution.

Kindergarten,Elementary,

Middle,and

Secondary

SchoolTeachers

1,519,700;614,400;

955,800

Up6-12%atanaveragerate

Publicschoolteachersmusthave atleasta bachelor’sdegree,completean approvedteachereducationprogram,andbelicensed.Licensureis notrequiredinprivate schools.A

numberofstatesrequirethat teachersobtaina master’sdegreeineducationwithina speci-

fiedperiodafterthey beginteaching.Aspiringsecondaryteachersmostoften majorin the

subjecttheyplanto teachwhiletakinga programofstudyin teacherpreparation.

Librarians 148,400 Up 7% at a Amaster’sdegreein libraryscienceusuallyis required;speciallibrariansoftenneedan addi-

OCCUPATION E MPLOYMENT,2012

 JOBOUTLOOKTO2022

 JOBREQUIREMENTSANDPROSPECTS

Engineering

 TechnologistsandTechnicians

4 97 ,3 00 U p 5% a t a

slower-than-averagerate

Ingeneral,opportunitieswillbe bestforindividualswith anassociatedegreeor otherpost-

secondarytraininginengineeringtechnology.Masteringnewtechnologyandsoftwarewilllikelybecomemoreimportantfor workersinthis occupation.Thosewhogainskills tohelp

deploythelatesttechnologicaldevelopmentsshouldhave thebestjob prospects.Many

engineeringtechnicianswill findworkin emergingfieldssuchas automation,remanufac-

turing,3-Dprinting,and alternativeenergies.

Packaging

Scientists  * Growth

projectedat

afaster-than-

averagerate

Nearlyeverythingcomesin a“package.”Whethercontainingfoodand perishablegoods,

personalproducts,orsophisticatedtechnicalcomponents,materialsneedtobe pack-

agedforsales, storage,ortransport.Employmentisavailablein areassuchas package

development,sales,purchasing,structuraldesign,production,research,andmarketing,andrequirescreativityas wellasa strongbackgroundinbusiness,engineering,andscience.

Hospitality, Food, and Travel CareersRestaurantand

Foodservice

Managers

321,400 Up2% Mostnewjobswill ar iseinfoodserviceanddr inkingpl acesasthenumberofestablish-

mentsincreasesalongwith thepopulation.Jobopportunitiesshouldbebest forfood

servicemanagerswithseveralyears ofworkexperiencein arestaurantorfood service

establishment.Jobseekerswitha combinationofworkexperiencein foodserviceand a

bachelor’sdegreein hospitality,restaurant,orfood servicemanagementshouldhaveanedgewhencompetingfor jobsat upscalerestaurants.

Hotel(Lodging)Managers

50,400 Up1% Asinotherhotel occupations,nightandweekendworkiscommon.Coll egegraduateswithdegreesinhotelor restaurantmanagementshouldhavethe bestjobopportunities.Those

seekingjobsat hotelswiththehighest levelofguestservices areexpectedtoface strong

competition,asthesepositionsare highlysoughtafterby peopletrainedinhospitality

managementoradministration.

 TravelAgents 73,300 Down12% Applicantswithformaltrainingshouldhave thebestopportunitiesto geta jobas atravel

agent.Agentswhospecializein specificdestinations,luxurytravel,orparticulartypes of 

travelerssuch asethnic groupsorgroupswith aspecial interestorhobbyshouldhave thebestchancefor success.Clientswhowant customizedtravelexperiences,suchas adven-

turetours,willcontinueto requiretheexpertiseofagents.However,theability oftravelers

touse theInternettoresearchvacationsand booktheirown tripsis expectedtocontinue

tosuppressdemandfor travelagents.

Science and Mathematics CareersBiological

Scientists

2 9, 20 0 U p 19 % at a

faster-than-

averagerate

Adoctoraldegreeusuallyisrequiredforindependentresearch,buta master’sdegreeis

sufficientforsomejobsin appliedresearchorproductdevelopment.Abachelor’sdegreeis

adequateforsomenon-researchjobs.Doctoraldegreeholdersfaceconsiderablecompeti-tionforindependentresearchpositions,particularlyinuniversities;holdersof bachelor’s

ormaster’sdegreesinbiologicalsciencecanexpectbetteropportunitiesinnon-research

positions.Biotechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentwillcontinuetodriveemployment

growth.Thosewho gainlaboratoryexperiencethroughcourseworkoremploymentduring

theirundergraduatestudieswillbethe bestpreparedandhavethebest chancestogain

employmentorto entergraduate-levelprograms.

Biotechnologists   8 0, 20 0 U p 10 % at a n

averagerate

Employmentof biologicaltechniciansshouldincrease,as thegrowingnumberofagricul-

turalandmedicinalproductsdevelopedfromtheresultsof biotechnologyresearchboostsdemandfortheseworkers.Also,anaging populationand continuedcompetitionamong

pharmaceuticalcompaniesareexpectedto contributeto theneedforinnovativeand im-

proveddrugs,furtherspurringdemand.Mostgrowthinemploymentwillbein professional,

scientific,andtechnicalservicesandin educationalservices.Applicantswhohave laboratoryexperience,eitherthroughcourseworkorthroughpreviousworkexperience,shouldhave

thebestopportunities.

Chemists 84,300 Up 2% at aslower-than-

averagerate

Abachelor’sdegreein chemistryora relateddisciplineisthe minimumeducationalrequire-ment;however,manyresearchjobsrequirea doctorate.Job growthwillbeconcentrated

inpharmaceuticalandmedicine manufacturingcompaniesand inscientificresearchand

developmentservicesfirms. Graduateswith amaster’sdegree,and particularlythosewitha

doctorate,will enjoybetteropportunitiesthan thosewitha bachelor’sdegree.

Environmental

Engineers

2 1, 20 0 U p 30 % at a

muchfaster-

than-average

rate

Environmentalengineeringtechniciansareexpectedto growmuchfasterthan theaverage

foralloccupations.Moreenvironmentalengineeringtechnicianswill beneededto comply

withenvironmentalregulationsand todevelopmethodsof cleaningupexistinghazards.

Ashift inemphasis towardpreventingproblemsratherthan controllingthosethat alreadyexist,as wellasincreasingpublic healthconcernsresultingfrompopulationgrowth,also

willspurdemand.

Forestersand

Conservation

Scientists

2 9, 80 0 U p 12 % at a n

averagerate

Nearlytwo-thirdsofsalariedconservationscientistsand forestersworkfor federal,state,

orlocalgovernments.Asa result,thereislikelyto bea largenumberofjob openingsfor

forestersand conservationscientistsingovernment.Ingeneral,workerswitha four-year

degreefromanaccrediteduniversityprogram,alongwith goodtechnicalandcommunica-

tionskills,shouldhave thebestopportunitiesforentry-levelwork.

OCCUPATION E MPLOYMENT,2012

 JOBOUTLOOKTO2022

 JOBREQUIREMENTSANDPROSPECTS

Physiciansand

Surgeons

6 91 ,4 00 U p 18 % at a

faster-than-averagerate

 Tobelicensed,physiciansmust graduatefromanaccreditedmedic

licensingexamination,andcompleteoneto sevenyearsof graduat(residency).A fewmedicalschoolsoffercombined undergraduatea

programsthatlastsix ratherthanthecustomaryeight years.Newp

likelytoentersolo practiceandmore likelytoworkas salariedemp

practices,clinics,hospitals,orhealthnetworks.

Physical

 Therapists

2 04 ,2 00 U p 36 % at a

muchfaster-

than-average

rate

Employmentisexpectedtoincrease muchfasterthanthe average

berof individualswithdisabilitiesor limitedfunctionspursdemand

Aftergraduatingfromanaccrediteddoctoralphysicaltherapistedu

therapistsmustpassa licensureexambeforetheycan practice.Abocaltherapistsworkeitherin hospitalsorin officesofphysical therap

Pharmacists 286,400 Up 14% at an

averagerate

Pharmacistsmusthavea DoctorofPharmacy(Pharm.D.)degreefro

pharmacyprogram.Theyalsomust belicensed,which requirespass

exams.Thepopulationisaging, andolderpeopletypicallyuse mor

thanyoungerpeople.Higherratesof chronicdiseasessuchas diab

groupswillalsolead toincreaseddemandfor prescriptionmedicat

Registered

Nurses

2 ,7 11 ,5 00 U p 19 % at a

faster-than-

averagerate

Inall states,studentsmustgraduatefroman approvednursingpro

nationallicensingexaminationinorderto obtaina nursinglicense.

numberofreasons,includingan increasedemphasisonpreventivechronicconditions,suchas diabetesandobesity;and demandforh

thebaby-boomerpopulation,astheylive longerandmoreactive li

ofnurseswork inhospitals.

Radiologic

 Technologists

1 19 ,2 00 U p 21 % at a

faster-than-averagerate

Formaltrainingprogramsinradiographyrangein lengthfromonet

toa graduatecertificate,associatedegree,or bachelor’sdegree.Twprogramsaremostprevalent.Althoughhospitalswillremainthe pr

greaternumberofnewjobs willbe foundinphysicians’officesand

centers.

Speech-Language

Pathologists

1 34 ,1 00 U p 19 % at afaster-than-

averagerate

Employmentofspeech-languagepathologistsis expectedtogrowexpandingpopulationinolderage groupsisprone tomedicalcond

speech,language,andswallowingproblems.Abouthalfworkin ed

mostothersareemployedby healthcareand socialassistancefacili

inspeech-languagepathologyisthestandard credential.A clinical

newstandardcredentialforaudiologists.

Veterinarians 70,300 Up 12% at an

averagerate

Graduationfroman accreditedcollegeofveterinarymedicineanda

Mostapplicantstoveterinaryschoolhavea bachelor’sdegreeandth

medicineprogramtypicallytakesfouryearstocomplete.Candidatecompetitionformostveterinarianpositions.Jobseekerswith specia

experienceshouldhavethebestjob opportunities.

Social Science and Social Service CareeCorrectional

Officers

4 69 ,5 00 U p 5% a t a

slower-than-

averagerate

 Theworkcan bestressfulanddangerous.Althoughsomedemand

willoccuroverthe comingdecade,anticipatedbudgetconstraintsa

wardtrendin crimeratesin recentyearswilllikelymitigate employ

MentalHealth

Counselors

1 66 ,3 00 U p 29 % at a

muchfaster-than-average

rate

Amaster’sdegreeis oftenrequiredtobe licensedorcertifiedas aco

expectedasmorepeoplehave mentalhealthcounselingservicescancepolicies.Furthermore,increasingnumbersofpeopleareexpec

formentaland emotionalproblemsthan inearlierdecades.As thep

numberofindividualsenteringtherapyis expectedtoincrease,as wcontinueddemandforcounselorsinmentalhealth centers,hospita

Economists 16,900 Up 14% at an

averagerate

Employmentofeconomistsisexpectedtogrowaboutasfastas theav

willariseinprivateindustry,includingeconomicresearchandconsult

whoholdamaster’sordoctoraldegreein economicswillhavethebes

andadvancementopportunities.Quantitativeskillsareimportantin a

Lawyers 759,800 Up 10% at anaveragerate

Formaleducationalrequirementsforlawyersincludea four-yearcolinlaw school,andthepassing ofa writtenbarexamination.Deman

spurredbythe growthoflegalaction insuch areasashealth care,in

ternationallaw,elderlaw, environmentallaw,and sexualharassme

rioracademicrecordsfrom well-regardedlawschoolswill havethe

Policeand

Detectives

7 80 ,0 00 U p 5% a t a

slower-than-

averagerate

Civilserviceregulationsgoverntheappointmentof policeanddete

shouldremainkeenforhigher payingjobswith stateandfederalag

departmentsin affluentareas;opportunitieswillbebetterin locala

departmentsthat offerrelativelylowsalariesorin urbancommunitisrelativelyhigh.Applicantswith collegetraininginpolice scienceo

enceshouldhavethe bestopportunities.

R t 57 600 D 13% C lid ti d h ld ti i th bli hi

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