jogan period art forms - furman universityfacweb.furman.edu/~jleave/courses/arteastasia/slide...
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Historical Context
• Early Heian or Jogan Period
• 794 Capital moved from Heijo-kyo to Heian-
kyo
• “Early Heian” used by political historians.
• “Jogan” used by art historians.
• Periods of High Artistic Achievement
• Konin Era (810-823)
• Jogan Era (859-876)
Characteristics
of
Jogan Architecture
• Thatched roof
• “Natural” setting
• On mountain side
• Veranda
• Stilts
• Divided interior
Yakushi Buddha
Jingo-ji
• Single block
(ichiboku) style
• Unhappy
expression
• Heavy features
• Wave drapery
(hompa shiki)
• Wet drapery
• Strict iconography
Shaka-nyorai• Seated
• Single block
(ichiboku) style
• Unhappy
expression
• Heavy features
• Wave drapery
(hompa shiki)
• Wet drapery
• Strict iconography
“The Two Mandalas”
• Kukai (Kobo Daishi) studied in China with
the Buddhist master Huiguo (746-805)
• It was Huiguo who combined the
teachings of the Dainichi-kyo and the
Kongocho-kyo.
• This melding is illustrated in art by THE
TWO MANDALAS.
Number FIVE
• Five Great Buddhas (Godai-butsu)
• Five Great Bodhisattvas (Godai-bosatsu)
• Five Great Kings of Light ( Godai-myo-o)
• Five Elements (Gogyo)
• Five Colors (Goshiki)
• Five Directions
• Five Senses (Goshiki)
• Five Wisdoms (Gochi)
Symbolism of Five
• East / Blue-Green / Wood / Spring /
Meditation
• South / Red / Fire / Summer / Zeal
• West / White / Wind / Autumn / Faith
• North / Black / Water / Winter / Wisdom
• Center / Yellow / Earth / Memory
Five Elements
• Space or Void (Black)
• Wind or Air (White)
• Fire (Red)
• Water (Yellow)
• Earth (Green/Blue)
Esoteric Buddhist
Six Elements
• Space ( void )
• Air (wind)
• Fire
• Water
• Earth
MIND (spiritual perception)
Inanimate
ElementsWomb World Mandala
Animating
ElementDiamond World Mandala
Mudra of Six
Elements
All Things Are
ONE
There is UNITY only when the sixth element is added.
Five
Elements
MIND
Sixth Element
Fudo- myo-
o• Manifestation of
Dainichi Buddha
• Single hair braid
• Colored skin
(usually blue-
green)
• Sword
• Rope
• Throne of pilings