john b. wharton, pe technical executive baltimore, maryland october 16, 2013 perspectives on...
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John B. Wharton, PE
Technical Executive
Baltimore, Maryland
October 16, 2013
Perspectives on Grid-Integrated Microgrids
Maryland Clean Energy Summit
3© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
MicrogridsWhat is a microgrid?
DER
DER
Feeder
Other Feeders
DER
DER
• Interconnected loads and distributed energy resources
• Acts as a single controllable entity
• Connects and disconnects from the grid
Bulk supply connection
Single Customer Microgrid
Distribution Substation
Full Substation Microgrid
Full Feeder Microgrid
Partial Feeder Microgrid
4© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why Microgrids?
$-
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
$- $2 $4 $6 $8 $10 $12 $14 $16
LCO
E
Price of Natural Gas ($/MMBTU)
LCOE for DG in Commercial Applications
50 kW Microturbine1 MW Industrial Turbine400 kW PureCell200 kW SOFC
Impact of Natural Gas
Resiliency
Remote Power Systems
5© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Other Drivers for Increased Interest
• Improved Technology
• Opportunities for Combined Heat and Power
• Energy Security
• Public Policy
6© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
What is happening in Japan?
• $32M Subsidy for application of Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) and Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS)
• Feed in Tariff for PV Applications (approx 40 cents/kwh)
• Residential and commercial storage applications also subsidized (Orix storage leasing program $50/month)
• Electric vehicle charging with two way capability
7© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility Challenge – Integration
8© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary – Where do microgrids fit?
1. The Economics of Local Generation• Optimize energy source based on market • Ability to participate in ancillary services and demand response• Combined heat and power opportunities
2. Additional Benefits of a Microgrid• Continuity of Service – Resiliency
3. Additional Costs and Challenges of a Microgrid• Additional costs and complexity for interconnection and protection• Requirements for safety• Requirements for control and capacity during island operation, and
maintaining power quality8
9© 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI Related Research
• Draft Primer on Microgrid Technology and Applications
• Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Micro-Grid-Based Power Systems 1003973.
• Distributed Renewable Energy Generation Impacts on Microgrid Operation and Reliability, 1004045
• Program on Integrating Distributed Generation into the grid
• Program on Energy Storage Systems and Distributed Generation Technologies
• Distribution and Transmission Grid Resiliency