john d. fluke, ph.d. director child protection research center american humane association
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Outcomes in the Long Run: Ingredients for Children’s Protection and Welfare Outcomes Programs (the good, the bad, and the ugly). John D. Fluke, Ph.D. Director Child Protection Research Center American Humane Association. The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
John D. Fluke, Ph.D.DirectorChild Protection Research CenterAmerican Humane Association
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes Center for Research on Children and Families, Centres of Excellence for Children’s Well-Being: Child Welfare, Montreal, Canada8 – 9 October, 2009
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Brief History of National US Data Collection
State and National Data Outcome Policy and Trends: an Example Building and Maintaining Infrastructure
Sustainability/Overcoming Inertia The Value of Data/Outcomes Systems
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Early Studies in the US◦ Incidents Extracted from Media Reports (1950s – 1970s)◦ National Reporting Study on Child Abuse and Neglect
1976 – 1988
Other Studies of Incidence◦ Strauss and Gelles◦ Finkelhor◦ Prevent Child Abuse America
Major US National Data Collection Activities◦ National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)
1988 -
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Early program conducted by the American Public Human Services Association (then the American Public Welfare Association), Voluntary Cooperative Information System (VCIS)◦ Established 1982◦ Aggregate data only
Chapin Hall Center for State Foster Care and Adoption Data (State Data Center) and the Multistate Foster Care Data Archive◦ Established circa 1989 (three states)◦ Case level multi-year longitudinal data ◦ 20 States are now participating
Federal Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS)◦ Regulations published in 1993 for mandatory reporting◦ First data collection 1995
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Other Major National Data Collection and Analysis Programs
National Incidence Study (NIS) Four Studies to Date (first released in 1980, most recent
data to be released 2009?)
National Study of Child and Adolescent Well Being (NSCAW) Two cohort cycles of data collection (1999 & 2008) Multiple rounds of data collection up to a seven year follow-
up
Chafee National Youth in Transition Database (NYTD) Under development (final regulations published)
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 P.L. 96-272◦ First to Identify Safety, Permanency and Well Being as Outcomes of the
US Child Welfare System◦ Basis for Outcomes Regulations and the Child and Family Services
Review Process (CFSR)
State Automated Child Welfare Information System (SACWIS)◦ Enhanced funding available for state child welfare agencies enacted in
1993 under Title IV-E funding provisions◦ Originally 75% match by US govt., as of 1997 at 50%◦ Critical impetus for the feasibility of data collection (e.g., NCANDS,
AFCARS)
Fostering Connections Act of 2008◦ Improvements to kinship & subsidized guardianship regulation◦ Allows tribes direct access to Title IVE funding
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Several States and Localities Have Strong Data Collection and Analysis Programs Coupled with Research Centers◦ Examples:
All Use Data for Program Management and Outcomes, but add contextualizing analysis
California Illinois
North Carolina Texas
Washington
National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Meets US legal requirements to collect child maltreatment data
Provides data that are critical to policymakers and administrators of CPS programs
Data are used to support a range of US initiatives, notably◦ ASFA Outcome Measures◦ Child and Family Services Review Process◦ Office of Management and Budget Program
Assessment Rating Tool (PART) Contribute to the understanding of child
maltreatment and the impact of intervention policy
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Facilitators of Case Level Data Collection in the US◦ US Legislation◦ Related Programs
State Automated Child Welfare Information Systems (SACWIS)
Child and Family Service Review Process (CFSR)
System has evolved ◦ Almost all States are Now Providing Case Level
Data (48 in 2007)◦ Data are timely and available annually◦ Range of applications has expanded dramatically
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Action (regulations, policy, programs)◦ Data collection program is authorized by US Office of
Management and Budget (OMB)◦ Supports US HHS Children’s Bureau Child and Family
Services Review Process (CSFR)◦ Support Children’s Bureau OMB Program Assessment
Rating Tool (PART) measures Evaluation
◦ Contract is competitively bid by the US HHS Children’s Bureau
Feedback loop◦ Project convenes a State Advisory Group each year◦ Data program is reviewed for revision every three year by
the US Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Longitudinal◦ Aggregate data since 1990; case level data since 1993. ◦ Encrypted unique child and perpetrator identifiers.
Time Period◦ Data are collected annually
Mapping and Validation of Data◦ Data are mapped to national categories◦ Data are validated for coding, internal consistency, and
analytical accuracy and comprehensiveness
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Measures of Maltreatment◦ Six major categories (Physical, neglect, medical
neglect, sexual, emotional, other).
Analytic Environment◦ Comprehensive Data Quality Assessment
Process◦ OLAP Reporting Tools◦ Specialty Ad-hoc Research and Analysis
Capacity
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
In August 2001, the US Children’s Bureau set the first national standard for recurrence :
◦ A State meets the national standard if of all children who were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and/or neglect during the first 6 months of the period under review, 6.1 percent or fewer children had another substantiated or indicated report within 6 months.
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
As of June 2006 the Standard was revised
◦ Of all children who were victims of a substantiated or indicated maltreatment allegation during the first 6 months of FY 2004, what percent were not victims of another substantiated or indicated maltreatment allegation within the 6-months following that maltreatment incident?
◦ National Standard Based on 45 States: 94.6% or higher
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes January 18, 2007
EUROPEAN SEMINAR ON MONITORING SYSTEMS OF CHILD ABUSE
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
In addition to Indicators Based on Federal Data Collection Programs a Sample of Cases is Reviewed to Address Other Standards (30 to 50)
States not meeting standards must implement a 3 year Program Improvement Plan (PIP) approved by the US government◦ Plans address a range of programmatic and intervention strategies, for
example: Multiple maltreatment and chronic neglect Alternative response systems Safety and risk assessment systems Required child and family visits for placed children
Large Investment in Federal Resource Centers to Assist States in Developing and Implementing PIPs
States not in compliance may be subject to penalties After each three year cycle the US standards are reviewed and
revised.
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Stages or Transitions
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Data Analysis/Utilization Stages or Transition
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
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The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Infrastructure◦ Enabling Legislation and Regulatory Framework
for Data◦ Strong Information Technology and Operational
Systems Architecture Key Analytic Design Components (e.g., OLAP capacity)
◦ Data Quality Improvement Processes Research/Evaluation Capacity Mechanisms for insuring data integrity Documentation
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Sustainability◦ Recognition of Long-Term Benefits/Minimal Short
Term Expectations◦ Long Term Funding◦ Data use agreements and confidentiality◦ Workforce
Dissemination◦ Archives◦ Reports and Publications◦ Technical Assistance
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
“Total physical and mental inertia are highly agreeable, much more so than we allow ourselves to imagine.” – John Kenneth Galbraith
Inertia Avoidance◦ Key Issues:Inflexible Regulatory
FrameworksImprovements in Knowledge
Obtaining Buy-In Balancing Input with Action
Data Stability vs. Change Funding
Unintended Consequences
The Second Canadian Roundtable on Child Welfare Outcomes
Value of outcome data supporting policy:◦ Problem Recognition/Definition & some
examples Re-entry (rereporting, recurrence, recidivism, foster
care reentry, disruptions, etc.) Racial Disproportionality and Disparity
◦ Standard Setting Child and Family Services Review Standard Setting Information System Guidelines (SACWIS)
◦ Monitoring Child and Family Services Review Alternative Response Implementation
Current and timely policy support◦ Data Turnaround◦ Rapid data quality
assessment Continuity
◦ Ability to monitor trends
◦ Outcomes and performance
Research◦ Longitudinal design◦ Special populations◦ Infrequent events◦ Decision making
Simulation
◦ Sampling frames Assess Resources
◦ Staffing◦ Workload◦ Costing/Cost
Effectiveness
John D. FlukeDirector
Child Protection Research CenterAmerican Humane Association
USA
(303) 810 [email protected]
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