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John Deere Engine Pollution Prevention

Patrick Hosty

Robert Weathers

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Diesel Emissions

Products of Combustion

Oxygen

Water Vapor

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen75.5%

10%

8%

6%

Regulated Emissions< 0.5%

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Off-road Emissions Regulations: 20<100 hp

Off-road Tier 3 implemented 2006 - 2008 EPA Tier 4 regulation likely for 2011-2012

Tier 1: 1996-2001 Tier 2: 2001-2004 Tier 3: 2006-2008 Tier 4: 2011-2012

NOx + HC (g/kWh)

20 < 100 hp

.0

.2

.4

.6

.8

0 2 4 6 8

.0

.2

.4

.6

.8

0 2 4 6 8

.0

.2

.4

.6

.8

0 2 4 6 8

.0

.2

.4

.6

.8

0 2 4 6 8

-40%

Parti

cula

tes

(g/k

Wh)

10

4

Tier reductions

   

NOx+NMCHg/KWhr

 PM, g/KWhr  

Tier 1 2000 9.5   0.8  

Tier 2 2005 7.5 -21% 0.8 even

Tier 4 2008 7.5 even 0.4 -50%

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Tier 2 Technologies

NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) - g/kW hr

PM &

Fue

l Con

sum

ptio

n - g

/ kW

hr

Reducing NOx:• Combustion development• Reduce charge air temperature• Retard timing

Reducing Pm:• Optimized fuel air mixture• Increase injection pressure

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Tier 2 Engine and Vehicle Changes

Tier 2 Engine Changes Higher pressure fuel injection system Electronic control of fuel delivery and timing Air system changes

Tier 2 Vehicle Changes Charge air cooling on more applications Redesigned cooling packages on some applications Electronic interface to engine on most applications Fuel coolers some applications

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Tier 2 Compliance: Impact on Vehicles

Machine power, torque, transient response, cold start, productivity will equal or exceed Tier 1

Reliability and durability will be equal to Tier 1 Total operating cost comparable to Tier 1

(application dependent) Cleaner Tier 2 vehicles should demand

higher resale value

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Tier 2Impact on End User

Engine changes to fuel injection system, air system

Minor changes to vehicles Vehicle performance,

reliability, total operating cost comparable to Tier 1

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Tier 3 Technologies

NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) - g/kW hr

PM &

Fue

l Con

sum

ptio

n - g

/ kW

hr

Reducing NOx:• Combustion development• Reduce charge air temperature• Retard Timing• Exhaust Gas Re-circulation

Reducing Pm:• Optimized fuel air mixture• Increase injection pressure• Post Injection• Oxidation Catalyst

A Tradeoff:Fuel Consumption / Heat Rejection vs.

Emissions Compliance

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Tier 3 Engine and Vehicle Changes

Tier 3 engine changes Exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) Variable geometry turbocharger 4 valves per cylinder (>100HP) Advanced electronic controls High-pressure fuel systems Impermeable gas lines

Tier 3 vehicle changes Charge air cooling on most applications Larger radiators, fuel tanks, air cleaners, mufflers, etc. Improved air flow management and fan systems Vehicle changes to accommodate cooling needs

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Tier 3 Compliance: Impact on Vehicles

Machine power, torque, transient response, cold start, productivity will equal or exceed Tier 2

Reliability and durability will be equal to Tier 2 Total operating costs may increase

Fuel consumption ~5% greater than Tier 2 (application dependent)

Deere’s objective is no fuel consumption increase Packaging will meet customer expectations for visibility and

machine operation Cleaner Tier 3 vehicles should demand higher

resale value

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Tier 3 Impact on End User

Significant engine changes EGR, VG turbocharger, etc.

Significant vehicle changes to accommodate additional cooling needs

Performance and reliability comparable with Tier 2 vehicles

Total operating costs may increase due to increased fuel consumption

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Current Ozone Regulations

Current Ozone Standard Future Ozone Standard

Future standards likely implemented 2003-2005

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Emission Reference Info

EPA Emissions & Retrofit Information http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/ EPA Certification Information http://www.epa.gov/oms/certdata.htm Texas http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/oprd/sips/terp.html California http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm Dieselnet http://www.dieselnet.com/standards.html

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Oil Improvements

Higher Fire Temps/ Pressures in engines (after 1990) Prevent forming of carbon deposits, sludge and soot Different additives for less deposits Different viscosities-15w40 vs 0w40 2.7% in fuel

savings. (3.78 gal/mo/machine)

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What is in the future?

Catalytic converters? Reduce Phosphorus in combustion Low Sulfur Diesel fuel New standard of oils (new additives)

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John Deere Portable Power Equipment

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2 Cycle Technology

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New 2 Cycle Technology

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Questions?