The Role of Drugs in the Development of Young People Young People at Risk Forum June 2014 .

Today’s Focus

• Why young people use drugs

• What are the risks

• What drugs are young people taking

• The Costs

• Alcohol

• Risk and Protective factors

• Changing our culture

What is a drug?

A drug is a substance, other than food, which is taken to change the way the body and/or mind function.

Australia – a drug taking society

• Alcohol

• Tobacco

• Pharmaceuticals

• Illicit

• New Psychoactive Substances

• PIED’s – Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs

Problems

Stress

Boredom

Relaxation

Curiosity

Good time

Performance enhancement

Weight management

Why do people use drugs

Types of drug use

Therapeutic use

Experimental use

Recreational use

Situational use

Intensive use or 'bingeing'

Dependent use

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Physical injuries Road injury Suicide Assault Drowning

%

Proportion of 16-17 year old current drinkers and the proportion drinking more than four drinks on a single occasion in the past seven days, 1984-2011 2011 ASSAD Survey

Illicit Drug Use

• Increasing use:

– Amphetamines/methamphetamines

– Cocaine

• Decreasing use

– cannabis

– ecstasy

Criminal Black Market

• 1 gram Heroin in Kabul $2 • 1 gram Heroin in Western Europe $300 • Street price set mainly by risk of getting drugs

into countries - “price of risk” • Est. world retail value $320 billion/year

– Cocaine $70b – Heroin $60b

• Farmer’s share $2b

Performance enhancing drugs

Growth hormones

Peptides

Steroids

Acne Hair loss Depression High blood pressure Liver heart problems Testicle and prostate issues

New Psychoactive Substances

Pharmaceuticals Non-medical use of prescription

drugs

Cost in Community

Deaths per year Economic Cost per Year

Tobacco 19,000 $32 billion

Alcohol 3,200 $15 billion

Illicit 1,020 $8 billion

UNDER 25

Studies show that those who drink regularly may be more at risk of learning and memory issues and even suffer from long term effects.

Effects of alcohol

Trends in consumption of Alcohol PER CAPITA ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS FALLEN BELOW 1970'S LEVELS

Adult per capita alcohol consumption over past 30 years

(Population 15 yrs and older, alcohol consumption in litres of pure alcohol - Lals)

11.48 11.54

11.88

11.66

11.87

12.48

12.2

11.62

11.22

10.82

9.94 9.89

9.51

9.84

9.69.73

9.53

9.889.75 9.76

9.65

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

1973

-74

1975

-76

1977

-78

1979

-80

1981

-82

1983

-84

1985

-86

1987

-88

1988

-90

1991

-92

1993

-94

1995

-96

1997

-98

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

Year

Lals

per

cap

ita -

15 y

ears

old

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

Hotel licences

On-premise licences

Packaged licences

Alcohol implicated in:

• 73% assaults

• 77% street offences

• 40% domestic violence

• 60% of all Police call outs

• 90% late night call outs by Police

• 34% of homicide offenders & 31% of their victims

329%

191%

133%

EMERGENCY PRESENTATIONS

HOSPITALISATIONS

INTOXICATION 2000-2010

AMBULANCE ATTENDANCES

INCREASED BY

14,851

86%

27% (Melbourne/metro) 42% (regional)

TRANSPORTED TO HOSPITAL

2012/13 VICTORIAN AMBULANCE ATTENDANCES

ALCOHOL RELATED

INCREASES FROM THE PREVIOUS YEAR

Effectiveness of Alcohol Strategies

Source: Adapted from Babor et al (2003)

Strategy Effectiveness Cost

Regulate pricing $

Lower BAC limits for all drivers $$

Enforce liquor licensing laws $$$

Limit availability of alcohol $

Restrict hours of alcohol sales $

Limit no. of alcohol outlets $

Community mobilisation $$

Workplace interventions $$

Curb sport alcohol sponsorship $$$

Social marketing $$$

Disconnection Unemployment Lack of a future Abusive relationships Mental Health Trauma Peer use Availability

RISK FACTORS

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Life experiences Peer group Effectiveness of family management

Parental AOD misuse

yelling more often, being inattentive, being more self-focused, using reactive or authoritarian parenting, creating an atmosphere of secrecy and allowing children to take on a parenting type role.

Informal relationships - with extended family members, neighbours, friends and friends' families - were very important

Our Good Sports Evidence Metropolitan Football Survey (2000)

Culture

“The way we do things around here!”

Messages sent by:

1. Behaviour, eg. what is done and said

2. Symbols, eg. where time is spent, resources invested

3. Systems, eg. budgeting, people development process, performance management

Changing the culture – Good Sports

1. Behaviour – not serving U/18, drunks etc., leaders (coaches too!) role model required behaviour

2. Symbols – no cheap drink promotions, alcohol not the ‘centre’ of fundraisers, low & non alcohol products in bar

3. Systems – all servers RSA trained, comply with liquor licence conditions, safe transport strategy

Integration, consistency and accountability

Thurgoona Football/Netball Club Prior to 2006

– Alcohol fuelled violence & foul language

– Frequent alcohol licensing irregularities

– Low club membership

– 1 - 2 Drink Driving offences per season

– Very poor local community image

Thurgoona Football/Netball Club

Key Changes

1. ‘Community and Family Orientated’ focus

2. Priorities – Increasing membership

– Increasing financial turnover

– Attracting better skilled players

3. Introduced behaviour ‘Codes of Practice’

4. Sponsored Responsible Service of Alcohol training (23)

5. Reduced liquor operating by two hours to 10pm

Thurgoona Football/Netball Club

Key Outcomes

1. 100% increase in revenue (now $155,000) – Alcohol sales 12% (previously 58%)

2. 65% increase in sponsorship revenue

3. More teams

4. 500% increase in spectators (600 per match)

5. No drink driving offences

6. Police Command regard the club as a model club.

“But wouldn’t Symonds be right to be just a little confused at this moral outrage from an organisation (Cricket Australia) that shows such an enthusiasm for alcohol in its commercial arrangements, and a sport that cannot rid itself of its addiction?”

Mike Atherton, ex Captain of England

RL Approach

“Wherever you go in RL – from an under 6 match to a corporate function - you will get consistent messages around expected alcohol behaviours”

Paul Heptonstall (ARL)

“Our most alarming statistic is that in 2009, we lost more people in alcohol-related incidents than to war. In my view they are not accidents, they are people-made incidents.”

Chief of Army, LTGEN Ken Gillespie, 2010

http://images.defence.gov.au/12132567

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BE INFORMED

www.theothertalk.org.au

Support

• Directline 1 800 888 236

• Counselling online www.counsellingonline.org.au

• Druginfo 1 300 858 584 druginfo@adf.org.au

www.druginfo.adf.org.au

• SMS text 0439 835 563

• Family Drug Support 1 300 660 068

We advocate for change. Change that promotes healthy people, strong communities. Find information on drugs and alcohol at druginfo.adf.org.au or call 1300 85 85 84.