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Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
Second Edition
David D. Yuh, MD, FACC, FACS Professor and Chief, Section of Cardiac Surgery
Department of Surgery
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Surgical Director
Yale-New Haven Hospital Heart and Vascular Center
New Haven, Connecticut
Former Associate Professor of Surgery,
Division of Cardiac Surgery
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
and The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Luca A. Vricella, MD, FACS Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics
Director, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Edited By
Stephen C. Yang, MD The Arthur B. and Patricia B. Modell Professor in Thoracic Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
John R. Doty, MD Adjunct Professor of Surgery
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Intermountain Heart I nstitute at Intermountain Medical Center
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
I Medical New York Chicago Mexico City Milan
San Francisco Athens New Delhi Singapore
London Madrid Sydney Toronto
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To my wife, Dr. Bonnie Hiatt, for accepting my many flaws and idiosyncrasies and for giving me my most cherished gifts, Natalie and Christopher. You each make my life worth living.
-David D. Yuh, MD, FACC, FACS To my wife Simona, for the endless sacrifice of living
twenty years with a surgeon ... and for brightening every day of my life with her presence, love and partnership.
-Luca A. Vricella, MD, FACS To my mentors, students, residents, and colleagues-from
whom I've learned so much. And for the real teachers in life-my parents Muriel and Harry Yang, my wife Marivic, and children
Kristin, Andy, and Alex. -Stephen C. Yang, MD
To my mentors at Georgetown University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Intermountain Medical Center for their patience and dedication to my surgical education, and to my wife and
family for their kindness and understanding during this journey. -John R. Doty, MD
This page intentionally left blank
Contributors xi Foreword xxiii Preface xxv
A GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY 1 ..._,.
1. Preoperative Evaluation of the Thoracic Surgical Patient 3
Kelly K. Nagasawa and John R. Doty
2. Thoracic Trauma 9
George f. Koenig Jr. and David T. Efron
3. Pulmonary Physiology, Function Tests, and Bronchoscopic Techniques 25
Lonny Yarmus and David f. Feller-Kopman
4. Congenital Pulmonary Disorders 41
Anne C. Fischer and Eric Griffiths
5. Benign Diffuse Pulmonary Disorders 49
Christian A. Merlo
6. Thoracic Infections 63
Kaushik Manda/
7. Surgical Management of Emphysema 89
Alex G. Little
8. Tracheal Diseases 97
Dan f. Raz, Todd S. Weiser, and Douglas f. Mathisen
9. Primary Lung Cancer 119
Min P. Kim and Ara A. Vaporciyan
10. Pulmonary Metastasis 145
DuyKhanh P. Ceppa and Betty C. Tong
CONTENTS G
ll. Lung and Heart-Lung Transplantation 157
Ashish S. Shah
12. Esophageal Physiology, Function Tests, and Endoscopic Techniques 169
Daniela Jodorkovsky, John 0. Clarke, and Kerry B. Dunbar
13. Congenital Esophageal Anomalies 183
Nishant D. Patel and Avedis Meneshian
14. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophageal Motility Disorders 191
Shelly Bansal, Brian Goodman, and Edmund S. Kassis
15. Esophageal Perforation 205
Clinton D. Kemp and Stephen C. Yang
16. Esophageal Cancer 215
Jules Lin and Mark B. Orringer
17. Mediastinal Disease 229
Lee Plantmason, Natalie Lui, and Pierre Theodore
18. Chest Wall Tumors 243
Robert A. Meguid and Malcolm V. Brock
19. Congenital Chest Wall Anomalies 267
Ibrahim Sultan and Stephen C. Yang
20. Benign Pleural Disorders 289
Joshua T. Taylor and Maurice A. Smith
21. Benign and Malignant Pleural Tumors 301
Siva Raja, Carol F. Farver, Sudish C. Murthy, and David Mason
22. Diaphragmatic Disorders 309
Jarrod D. Predina and Sunil Singhal
vii
viii Contents
A ADULT CARDIAC SURGERY 321
23. Cardiovascular Function and Physiology 323
Jeffrey M. Dodd-o
24. Cardiopulmonary Bypass 341
Edward H. Kincaid and John W Hammon
25. Myocardial Protection 359
Constantine L. Athanasuleas and Gerald D. Buckberg
26. Postoperative Management of the Cardiac Surgical Patient 371
Rashna Ginwalla, Nauder Faraday, and Glenn Whitman
27. Primary Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery 387
G. D. Rushing and David D. Yuh
28. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass 407
Eric A. Peck and Paul Sergeant
29. Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery 421
Christopher f. Barreiro, George f. Arnaoutakis, and Jay G. Shake
30. Management of Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease 431
Daniel f. Durand, Svati Singla Long, and David D. Yuh
31. Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction 439
Ryan R. Davies, Michael P Robich, and Michael A. Coady
32. Aortic Valve Replacement 501
William M. Yarbrough and John S. Ikonomidis
33. Aortic Root Replacement 525
Kaushik Mandai and Duke E. Cameron
34. Mitral Valve Pathophysiology 539
Tomasz A. Timek and James I. Fann
35. Mitral Valve Replacement 551
Stephen f. Huddleston and David D. Yuh
36. Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Disease 561
Gurjyot Bajwa, Tomislav Mihaijevic, and A. Marc Gillinov
37. Tricuspid Valve Disease 571
David L. Joyce
38. Surgical Treatment of Endocarditis 581
John R. Doty and William T. Caine
39. Ascending and Arch Aneurysms of the Aorta 591
Anthony D. Caffarelli, Pieter J,A. van der Starre, and R. Scott Mitchell
40. Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms 625
Ying Wei Lum and Glenn S. Roseborough
41. Aortic Dissection 647
Thoralf M. Sundt III
42. Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Pathology 663
Timothy f. George and James H. Black III
43. Surgical Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation 681
Timo Weimar and Ralph f. Damiano Jr.
44. Pacemaker and Defibrillator Therapy in Cardiac Surgery Patients 695
Brad S. Sutton, Kenneth C. Bilchick, and Ronald D. Berger
45. Surgical Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease 715
Michael M. Madani and Stuart W Jamieson
46. Role of Surgery in Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 731
Hartzell V Schaff
47. Pericardial Disease 741
Eric f. Okum and Abe DeAnda Jr.
48. Primary Cardiac Tumors 753
Brian T. Bethea and Adam Richter
49. The Immunobiology of Thoracic Transplantation 769
Marc K. Halushka and William M. Baldwin III
50. Cardiac Transplantation 783
Kenneth K. Liao and Sara f. Shumway
51. Mechanical Circulatory Support 797
Clinton D. Kemp and John V Conte
52. Surgical Ventricular Remodeling 835
Clinton D. Kemp and John V Conte
53. Stem Cells for Cardiac Surgical Disease 849
Peter V Johnston and Gary Gerstenblith
54. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery 861
D. Kalavrouziotis and Francois Dagenais
55. Cardiac Catheterization and Interventions 873
Todd A. Dorfman and Jon R. Resar
56. Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery 893
Colleen Harrington, Samia Mora, and Katherine C. Wu
57. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging 921
fens Vogel-Claussen and David A. Bluemke
� CONGENITAL CARDIAC SURGERY 941
58. Milestones in Congenital Cardiac Surgery 943
Luca A. Vricella, Vincent L. Gott, and Duke E. Cameron
59. The Anatomy of Congenital Cardiac Malformations 955
Robert H. Anderson and Andrew C. Cook
60. Perioperative Critical Care of the Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patient 973
Stacie B. Peddy, Marissa A. Brunetti, and J amie McElrath Schwartz
6 1. Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Pediatric Patient 983
Jacob Ostrowsky and Ross Ungerleider
62. Palliative Operations for Congenital Heart Disease 99 1
Tara Karamlou and Gordon A. Cohen
63. Patent Ductus Arteriosus 1001
Tain-Yen Hsia, Jeffrey f. Wu, and Richard Ringel
64. Atrial Septal Defects and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 1009
Dario Troise, Richard Ringel, and Francesco Paolo Annecchino
65. Ventricular Septal Defects 1029
David L.S. Morales, Brandi B. Scully, and Charles D. Fraser Jr.
66. Atrioventricular Septal Defects 1043
Mazyar Kanani and Martin f. Elliott
67. AortopulmonaryWindow 1063
Victor 0. Morell and Ergin Kocyildirim
68. Tetralogy of Fallot 1069
Osami Honjo and Glen S. Van Arsdell
69. Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals 1085
Malcolm f. MacDonald and Frank L. Hanley
Contents
70. Pulmonary Stenosis and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 1095
Cara L. Lawrence, Deborah f. Kozik, and Mark D. Plunkett
7 1. Double Outlet Right Ventricle 1113
Jess Thompson and Joseph A. Dearani
72. Truncus Arteriosus 1 127
Tara Karamlou, D. Michael McMullan, and Gordon A. Cohen
73. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 1141
Ergin Kocyildirim and Victor 0. Morell
7 4. Transposition of the Great Arteries 1 14 7
Richard G. Ohye, Ming-Sing Si, Jennifer C. Hirsch-Romano, Zuhab A. Qamar, and Edward L. Bove
75. Congenitally Corrected Transposition 1161
Emile A. Bacha
76. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 1 17 1
Peter f. Gruber and Thomas L. Spray
77. Tricuspid Atresia and the Functionally Single Ventricle 1183
Carin A. van Doorn, Victor T. Tsang, and Marc R. de Leval
78. Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Children 1193
Tara Karamlou, Lester C. Permut, Marco Ricci, and Gordon A. Cohen
79. Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch 12 15
Mark D. Rodefeld
80. Cor Triatriatum 1233
Giancarlo Crupi
81. Valvular Disease in Children 1243
Christian P. Brizard and Yves d'Udekem df\.coz
ix
82. Cardiac Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Connective Tissue Disorders 1267
Giorgio Zanotti, Duke E. Cameron, and Luca A. Vricella
83. Surgery for Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies 1277
Julie A. Brothers and f. William Gaynor
84. Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Artery Sling 1295
Carl Lewis Backer, Michael C. Monge, and Hyde M. Russell
X Contents
85. Ebstein's Anomaly 13 1 1
Viktor Hraska, Boulos Asfour, and Joachim Photiadis
86. Congenital Anomalies of the Sinuses of Valsalva and Aortico-Left Ventricular Tunnel 1325
Tarin P. Fitton, Christopher M. Sciortino, and Luca A. Vricella
87. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Care 133 1
Tara Karamlou, D. Michael McMullan, Harris P. Baden, Howard Jeffries, and Gordon A. Cohen
88. Ventricular Assist Devices in Children 135 1
Kristen Nelson and Luca A. Vricella
89. Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation 1363
Amy L. Rahm, Nahidh W. Hasaniya, Leonard L. Bailey, Anees f. Razzouk, and Richard E. Chinnock
90. Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease 1377
Kaushik Mandai and Nihal A. Weerasena
Index 1399
Robert H. Anderson, MD, PhD, FRCPath Emeritus Professor of Paediatric Cardiac Morphology Institute of Child Health University College London London, United Kingdom Chapter 59: The Anatomy of Congenital Cardiac Malformations
Francesco Paolo Annecchino, MD Consultant Cardiac Surgeon Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital University of Bari Bari, Italy Chapter 64: Atrial Septal Defects and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
George J. Arnaoutakis, MD Surgery Resident Division of Cardiac Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 29: Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Glen S. Van Arsdell, MD Professor and Head, Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto, Canada Chapter 68: Tetralogy of Fallot
Boulos Asfour, MD Professor Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery German Pediatric Heart Centre Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin, Germany Chapter 85: Ebstein's Anomaly
Constantine L. Athanasuleas, MD Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Chapter 25: Myocardial Protection
CONTRIBUTORS G
Emile A. Bacha, MD Professor of Surgery and Chief Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Columbia University, New York Presbyterian, Morgan S tanley
Children's Hospital New York, New York Chapter 75: Congenitally Corrected Transposition
Carl Lewis Backer, MD Division Head, Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago A.C. Buehler Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, illinois Chapter 84: Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Artery Sling
Harris P. Baden, MD Chief, Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Department of Pediatrics Seattle Children's Hospital The University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Chapter 87: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Care
Leonard L. Bailey, MD Distinguished Professor Department of Cardiovascular a nd Thoracic Surgery Lorna Linda University Medical Center a nd Children's Hospital Lorna Linda, California Chapter 89: Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
Gurjyot Bajwa, MD Assistant Professor Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 36: Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Disease
William M. Baldwin III, MD, PhD Professor Department oflmmunology The Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 49: The Immunobiology of Thoracic Transplantation
xi
xii Contributors
Shelly Bansal, MD Fellow Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Chapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophageal Motility Disorders
Christopher J. Barreiro, MD Cardiac Surgeon Department of Cardiac Surgery Mid-Atlantic Cardiothoracic Surgeons, Ltd.,
Sentara Heart Hospital Norfolk, Virginia Chapter 29: Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Ronald D. Berger, MD, PhD, FHRS Professor of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 44: Pacemaker and Defibrillator Therapy in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Brian T. Bethea, MD Assistant Professor Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, Texas Chapter 48: Primary Cardiac Tumors
Kenneth C. Bilchick, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia Chapter 44: Pacemaker and Defi brillator Therapy in Cardiac Surgery Patients
James H. Black III, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 42: Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Pathology
David A. Bluemke, MD, PhD, MsB Director Senior Investigator, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
and Bioengineering Professor of Radiology and Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Radiology and Imaging Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 57: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Edward L. Bove, MD Professor Department of Cardiac Surgery University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 74: Transposition of the Great Arteries
Christian P. Brizard, MD Associate Professor Department of Paediatrics Director, Cardiac Surgery Unit The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne, Australia Chapter 81: Valvular Disease in Children
Malcolm V. Brock, MD Associate Professor Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 18: Chest Wall Tumors
Julie A. Brothers, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor Division of Cardiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 83: Surgery for Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies
Marissa A. Brunetti, MD Clinical Instructor University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 60: Perioperative Critical Care of the Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patient
Gerald D. Buckberg, MD Professor of Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California Chapter 25: Myocardial Protection
Anthony D. Caffarelli, MD Attending Surgeon Department of Thoracic Surgery Hoag Memorial Hospital Newport Beach, California Chapter 39: Ascending and Arch Aneurysms of the Aorta
William T. Caine, MD Adjunct Assistant Professor Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Intermountain Heart Institute at Intermountain Medical Center Salt Lake City, Utah Chapter 38: Surgical Treatment of Endocarditis
Duke E. Cameron, MD Professor and Cardiac Surgeon in Chief Division of Cardiac Surgery Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 33: Aortic Root Replacement Chapter 58: Milestones in Congenital Cardiac Surgery Chapter 82: Cardiac Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Connective Tissue Disorders
DuyKhanh P. Ceppa, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 1 0: Pulmonary Metastasis
Richard E. Chinnock, MD Professor Department of Pediatrics Lorna Linda University Medical Center and Children's Hospital Lorna Linda, California Chapter 89: Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
John 0. Clarke, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 12: Esophageal Physiology, Function Tests, and Endoscopic Techniques
Michael A. Coady, MD, MPH Chief of Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiac Surgery Stamford Hospital Stamford, Connecticut Chapter 31: Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Gordon A. Cohen, MD, PhD, MBA Julien I.E. Hoffman MD Chair of Cardiac Surgery Professor and Chief Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery UCSF School of Medicine San Francisco, California Chapter 62: Palliative Operations for Congenital Heart Disease Chapter 72: Truncus Arteriosus Chapter 78: Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Children Chapter 87: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Care
John V. Conte, MD Professor of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 51: Mechanical Circulatory Support Chapter 52: Surgical Ventricular Remodeling
Andrew C. Cook, PhD Senior Lecturer Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London, United Kingdom Chapter 59: The Anatomy of Congenital Cardiac Malformations
Giancarlo Crupi, MD Senior Staff Surgeon Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo, Italy Chapter 80: Cor Triatriatum
Yves d'Udekem d'Acoz, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Paediatrics
Contributors
Deputy Director, Cardiac S urgery Unit The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Melbourne, Australia Chapter 81: Valvular Disease in Children
Francois Dagenais, MD Chief of Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiac Surgery Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Quebec City, Quebec Chapter 54: Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Ralph J. Damiano Jr. , MD
xiii
John M. Shoen berg Professor of Surgery, Chief of Cardiac Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital St. Louis, Missouri Chapter 43: Surgical Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation
Ryan R. Davies, MD Cardiothoracic Surgeon Department of Cardiothoracic S urgery Nemours Cardiac Center, A.l. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware
Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 31: Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Abe DeAnda Jr. , MD Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery Director, Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Program Chief of Cardiothoracic S urgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery New York University - Langone Medical Center New York, New York Chapter 47: Pericardial Disease
Joseph A. Dearani, MD Professor of Surgery Chair, Division of Cardiovascular S urgery Mayo Clinic and Foundation Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 71: Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Jeffrey M. Dodd-o, MD, PhD Associate Professor Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 23: Cardiovascular Function and Physiology
Carin A. van Doom, MD, FRCSC/Th Consultant Cardiothoracic S urgeon Department of Cardiothoracic S urgery Skejby University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark Chapter 77: Tricuspid Atresia and the Functionally Single Ventricle
xiv Contributors
Todd A. Dorfman, MD Cardiologist Department of Centennial Heart Summit Medical Center Hermitage, Tennessee Chapter 55: Cardiac Catheterization and Interventions
John R. Doty, MD Adjunct Professor of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Intermountain Heart Institute at Intermountain Medical Center University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Chapter 1: Preoperative Evaluation of the Thoracic Surgical Patient Chapter 38: Surgical Treatment of Endocarditis
Kerry B. Dunbar, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas VA Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 12: Esophageal Physiology, Function Tests, and Endoscopic Techniques
Daniel J. Durand, MD Adjunct Faculty Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology
and Imaging Sciences The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 30: Management of Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease
David T. Efron, MD, FACS Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine/The Johns Hopkins Hospital Chief Division of Acute Care Surgery Trauma, Critical Care, Emergency and General Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Director of Adult Trauma Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 2: Thoracic Trauma
Martin J. Elliott, MD, FRCS Professor Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust London, United Kingdom Chapter 66: Atrioventricular Septal Defects
James I. Fann, MD Professor Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Chapter 34: Mitral Valve Pathophysiology
Nauder Faraday, MD, MPH Professor of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine and Surgery Director, Perioperative Genomic and Translational Research Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 26: Postoperative Management of the Cardiac Surgical Patient
Carol F. Farver, MD Staff Pathologist Department of Anatomic Pathology The Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 21: Benign and Malignant Pleural Tumors
David J. Feller-Kopman, MD, FCCP Director, Bronchoscopy & Interventional Pulrnonology Section of Interventional Pulrnonology Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 3: Pulmonary Physiology, Function Tests, and Bronchoscopic Techniques
Anne C. Fischer, MD, PhD Surgeon in Chief, Beaumont Children's Hospital Department of Surgery Professor and Chief, Pediatric Surgery Department of Surgery Beaumont Health System Royal Oak, Michigan Chapter 4: Congenital Pulmonary Disorders
Torin P. Fitton, MD Senior Surgeon Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lahey Hospital & Medical Center Burlington, Massachusetts Chapter 86: Congenital Anomalies of the Sinuses of Valsalva and Aortico-Left Ventricular Tunnel
Charles D. Fraser Jr. , MD Surgeon-in-Chief Department of Surgery Texas Children's Hospital Chief of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics Congenital Heart Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Chapter 65: Ventricular Septal Defects
J. William Gaynor, MD Associate Professor Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 83: Surgery for Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies
Timothy J. George, MD General Surgery Resident Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 42: Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Pathology
Gary Gerstenblith, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 53: Stem Cells for Cardiac Surgical Disease
A. Marc Gillinov, MD Staff Surgeon Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery The Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 36: Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Disease
Rashna Ginwalla, MD Fellow Trauma, Surgical Critical Care & Emergency General Surgery University of Arizona Medical Center Tucson, Arizona Chapter 26: Postoperative Management of the Cardiac Surgical Patient
Brian Goodman, MD Fellow Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Chapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophageal Motility Disorders
Vincent L. Gott, MD Professor of Surgery Emeritus Former Surgeon-in-Chief Division of Cardiac Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 58: Milestones in Congenital Cardiac Surgery
Eric Griffiths, MD Cardiothoracic Fellow Department of Cardiac Surgery Childrens Hospital Boston Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 4: Congenital Pulmonary Disorders
Peter J. Gruber, MD, PhD Section Chief Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic S urgery University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital Salt Lake City, Utah Chapter 76: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Marc K. Halushka, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland
Contributors
Chapter 49: The Immunobiology of Thoracic Transplantation
John W. Hammon, MD Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emeritus Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina Chapter 24: Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Frank L. Hanley, MD Lawrence Crowley, MD Endowed Professor in Child Health Department of Cardiothoracic S urgery Stanford University School of Medicine Director, Children's Heart Center Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford Stanford, California Chapter 69: Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals
Colleen Harrington, MD Postdoctoral Fellow Division of Cardiology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 56: Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery
Nahidh W. Hasaniya, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Cardiovascular a nd Thoracic Surgery Lorna Linda University Medical Center a nd Children's Hospital Lorna Linda, California Chapter 89: Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
Jennifer C. Hirsch-Romano, MD, MS Assistant Professor Department of Cardiac Surgery University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 7 4: Transposition of the Great Arteries
Osami Honjo, MD, PhD Staff Surgeon, Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chapter 68: Tetralogy of Fallot
Viktor Hraska, MD, PhD Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery German Pediatric Heart Centre Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin, Germany Chapter 85: Ebstein's Anomaly
XV
xvi Contributors
Tain-Yen Hsia, MD, MSc Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon Cardiorespiratory Unit Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children,
NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom Chapter 63: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Stephen J. Huddleston, MD, PhD Cardiothoracic Surgeon Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery St. Luke's Hospital Duluth, Minnesota Chapter 35: Mitral Valve Replacement
John S. Ikonomidis, MD, PhD Horace G. Smithy Professor Department of Surgery Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina Chapter 32: Aortic Valve Replacement
Stuart W. Jamieson, MD, FRCS, F ACS Endowed Chair and Distinguished Professor Chief, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of California San Diego, Medical Center San Diego, California Chapter 45: Surgical Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Howard Jeffries, MD, MPH, MBA Clinical Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine,
Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle, Washington Chapter 87: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Care
Daniela Jodorkovsky, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Diseases New York Medical College Valhalla, New York Chapter 12: Esophageal Physiology, Function Tests, and Endoscopic Techniques
Peter V. Johnston, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 53: Stem Cells for Cardiac Surgical Disease
David L. Joyce, MD HealthEast Heart Care Department of Cardiovascular Surgery St. Joseph's Hospital St. Paul, Minnesota Chapter 37: Tricuspid Valve Disease
D. Kalavrouziotis, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Cardiac Surgery Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Quebec City, Quebec Chapter 54: Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Mazyar Kanani, PhD, FRCS Consultant Congenital Cardiothoracic Surgery Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust London, United Kingdom Chapter 66: Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Tara Karamlou, MD, MSc Assistant Professor of Surgery Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Benioff Children's Hospital University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California Chapter 62: Palliative Operations for Congenital Heart Disease Chapter 72: Truncus Arteriosu Chapter 78: Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Children Chapter 87: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Care
Edmund S. Kassis, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Chapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophageal Motility Disorders
Clinton D. Kemp, MD Cardiothoracic Surgery Fellow Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 15: Esophageal Perforation Chapter 51: Mechanical Circulatory Support Chapter 52: Surgical Ventricular Remodeling
Min P. Kim, MD, FACS Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College The Methodist Hospital Houston, Texas Chapter 9: Primary Lung Cancer
Edward H. Kincaid, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina Chapter 24: Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Ergin Kocyildirim, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 67: Aortopulmonary Window Chapter 73: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
George J. Koenig Jr. , DO, MS Assistant Professor in Surgery Acute Care Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 2: Thoracic Trauma
Deborah J. Kozik, DO Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington, Kentucky Chapter 70: Pulmonary Stenosis and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Cara L. Lawrence, MD Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington, Kentucky Chapter 70: Pulmonary Stenosis and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Marc R. de Leval, MD, FRCS Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS trust London, United Kingdom Chapter 77: Tricuspid Atresia and the Functionally Single Ventricle
Kenneth K. Liao, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Surgery, Surgical Director Heart
Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Chapter 50: Cardiac Transplantation
Jules Lin, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Section of Thoracic Surgery University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 16: Esophageal Cancer
Alex G. Little, MD Elizabeth Berry Gray Chair and Professor Department of Surgery Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University Dayton, Ohio Chapter 7: Surgical Management of Emphysema
Svati Singla Long, MD Radiologist Women's Imaging Raleigh Radiology Raleigh, North Carolina
Contributors xvii
Chapter 30: Management of Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease
Natalie Lui, MD Surgical Resident Department of Surgery UCSF School of Medicine San Francisco, California Chapter 17: Mediastinal Disease
Ying Wei Lum, MD Assistant Professor Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 40: Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Malcolm J. MacDonald, MD Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Cardiothoracic S urgery Division of Pediatric Cardiac S urgery Falk Cardiovascular Research Center Stanford, California Chapter 69: Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals
Michael M. Madani, MD, FACS Professor Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of California San Diego, Medical Center San Diego, California Chapter 45: Surgical Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Kaushik Mandai, MD, MPH, MS, FESC, FRCS(CTh) Assistant Professor Division of Cardiac Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 6: Thoracic Infections Chapter 33: Aortic Root Replacement Chapter 90: Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
David Mason, MD Staff Surgeon Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery The Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 21: Benign and Malignant Pleural Tumors
Douglas J. Mathisen, MD Chief Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 8: Tracheal Diseases
xviii Contributors
D. Michael McMullan, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington Seattle, Washington Chapter 72: Truncus Arteriosu Chapter 87: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Care
Robert A. Meguid, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Surgery Section of General Thoracic Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Chapter 18: Chest Wall Tumors
Avedis Meneshian, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 13: Congenital Esophageal Anomalies
Christian A. Merlo, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 5: Benign Diffuse Pulmonary Disorders
Tomislav Mihaljevic, MD Chief of Staff, Chair Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Chapter 36: Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Disease
R. Scott Mitchell, MD Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Chapter 39: Ascending and Arch Aneurysms of the Aorta
Michael C. Monge, MD Attending Surgeon Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, illinois Chapter 84: Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Artery Sling
Samia Mora, MD, MHS Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Associate Physician Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 56: Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery
David L.S. Morales, MD Professor and Chair of Pediatric Cardiothoracic S urgery Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Chief, Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 65: Ventricular Septal Defects
Victor 0. Morell, MD Associate Professor of Surgery and Chief Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 67: Aortopulmonary Window Chapter 73: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Sudish C. Murthy, MD, PhD Staff Surgeon Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery The Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 21: Benign and Malignant Pleural Tumors
Kelly K. Nagasawa, MD Chief Resident in Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Utah Affiliated Hospitals Salt Lake City, Utah Chapter 1: Preoperative Evaluation of the Thoracic Surgical Patient
Kristen Nelson, MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine
and Pediatrics Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 88: Ventricular Assist Devices in Children
Richard G. Ohye, MD Associate Professor Department of Cardiac Surgery University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 74: Transposition of the Great Arteries
Eric J. Okum, MD Attending Cardiothoracic Surgeon Tri Health Heart Institute Adjunct Associate Professor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 47: Pericardia! Disease
Mark B. Orringer, MD Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Section of Thoracic Surgery University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 16: Esophageal Cancer
Jacob Ostrowsky, CCP Perfusionist Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic S urgery Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 61: Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Pediatric Patient
Nishant D. Patel, MD Resident Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 13: Congenital Esophageal Anomalies
Eric A. Peck, MD Cardiothoracic Surgeon Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery California Cardiac Surgeons Bakersfield, California Chapter 28: Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
Stacie B. Peddy, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 60: Perioperative Critical Care of the Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patient
Lester C. Permut, MD, FACS Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Chapter 78: Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Children
Joachim Photiadis, MD Senior Staff Surgeon German Pediatric Heart Centre Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin, Germany Chapter 85: Ebstein's Anomaly
Lee Plantmason, MD Resident Physician Department of Emergency Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Chapter 17: Mediastinal Disease
Contributors
Mark D. Plunkett, MD Chief, Frank C. Spencer Endowed Chair Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic S urgery University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington, Kentucky
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Chapter 70: Pulmonary Stenosis and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Jarrod D. Predina, MD Resident Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 22: Diaphragmatic Disorders
Zuhab A. Qamar, BA Department of Cardiac Surgery University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 7 4: Transposition of the Great Arteries
Amy L. Rahm, MD Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery UC Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California Chapter 89: Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
Siva Raja, MD, PhD Associate Staff Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery The Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 21: Benign and Malignant Pleural Tumors
Dan }. Raz, MD Assistant Professor Department of Thoracic Surgery City of Hope Medical Center Duarte, California Chapter 8: Tracheal Diseases
Anees J. Razzouk, MD Professor Department of Cardiovascular a nd Thoracic Surgery Lorna Linda University Medical Center a nd Children's Hospital Lorna Linda, California Chapter 89: Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
Jon R. Resar, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Director Adult Cardiac
Catheterization Laboratory and Interventional Cardiology Department of Medicine/Cardiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 55: Cardiac Catheterization and Interventions
XX Contributors
Marco Ricci, MD, MBA Professor of Surgery Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery University of New Mexico Health Science Center Albuquerque, New Mexico Chapter 78: Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Children
Adam Richter, MD Resident in Surgery Department of Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, Texas Chapter 48: Primary Cardiac Tumors
Richard Ringel, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 63: Patent Ductus Arteriosus Chapter 64: Atrial Septal Defects and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Michael P. Robich, MD, MSPH Fellow in Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 31: Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Mark D. Rodefeld, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 79: Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Glenn S. Roseborough, MD, FACS, RVT Medical Director Vascular Division of Salem CardioVascular Associates Salem, Oregon Chapter 40: 7horacoabdominal Aneurysms
G.D. Rushing, MD Clinical Associate Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 27: Primary Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Hyde M. Russell, MD Attending Surgeon Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois Chapter 84: Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Artery Sling
Hartzell V. Schaff, MD Stuart W Harrington Professor of Surgery Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 46: Role of Surgery in Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Jamie McElrath Schwartz, MD Attending Physician Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Children's National Medical Center Washington, D C Chapter 60: Perioperative Critical Care of the Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patient
Christopher M. Sciortino, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 86: Congenital Anomalies of the Sinuses of Valsalva and Aortico-Left Ventricular Tunnel
Brandi B. Scully, MD Surgeon Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Chapter 65: Ventricular Septal Defects
Paul Sergeant, MD, PhD Professor Cardiac Surgery Gasthuisberg University Hospital Leuven, Belgium Chapter 28: Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
Ashish S. Shah, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 11: Lung and Heart-Lung Transplantation
Jay G. Shake, MD Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Scott & White Healthcare Texas A & M Health Science Center Temple, Texas Chapter 29: Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Sara J. Shumway, MD Professor of Surgery, Surgical Director Lung Transplantation,
Vice Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Chapter 50: Cardiac Transplantation
Ming-Sing Si, MD Assistant Professor Department of Cardiac Surgery University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 74: Transposition of the Great Arteries
Sunil Singhal, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Division of Thoracic Surgery University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 22: Diaphragmatic Disorders
Maurice A. Smith, MD Attending Thoracic Surgeon Department of Surgery Beckley Appalachian Regional Hospital Beckley, West Virginia Chapter 20: Benign Pleural Disorders
Thomas L. Spray, MD Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery/
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 76: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Pieter J.A. van der Starre, PhD Professor of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Stanford University School of medicine Stanford, California Chapter 39: Ascending and Arch Aneurysms of the Aorta
Ibrahim Sultan, MD Resident in Surgery Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 19: Congenital Chest Wall Anomalies
Thoralf M. Sundt III, MD Edward D. Churchill Professor of Surgery Chief, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 41: Aortic Dissection
Brad S. Sutton, MD, MBA Assistant Professor of Medicine and Business Department of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky Chapter 44: Pacemaker and Defibrillator Therapy in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Joshua T. Taylor, MD General Surgery Resident Department of Surgery Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee Chapter 20: Benign Pleural Disorders
Pierre Theodore, MD Associate Professor of Surgery
Contributors
Division of Adult Cardiothoracic S urgery Department of Surgery UCSF School of Medicine San Francisco, California Chapter 17: Mediastinal Disease
Jess Thompson, MD, MSc Resident Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Mayo Clinic and Foundation Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 71: Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Tomasz A. Timek, MD Assistant Clinical Professor West Michigan Cardiothoracic Surgeons and Spectrum Health Michigan State University Grand Rapids, Michigan Chapter 34: Mitral Valve Pathophysiology
Betty C. Tong, MD, MHS Assistant Professor Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham, Indiana Chapter 10: Pulmonary Metastasis
Dario Troise, MD Staff Cardiac Surgeon Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari Bari, Italy
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Chapter 64: Atrial Septal Defects and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Victor T. Tsang, MS, MSc, FRCS Chief of Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic S urgery Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust London, United Kingdom Chapter 77: Tricuspid Atresia and the Functionally Single Ventricle
Ross Ungerleider, MD, MBA Professor of Surgery Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Brenner Children's Hospital Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina Chapter 61: Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Pediatric Patient
xxii Contributors
Ara A. Vaporciyan, MD, FACS, MHPE Professor Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Chapter 9: Primary Lung Cancer
Jens Vogel-Ciaussen, MD Associate Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Hanover, Germany Chapter 57: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Luca A. Vricella, MD, FACS Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics Director, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 58: Milestones in Congenital Cardiac Surgery Chapter 82: Cardiac Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Connective Tissue Disorders Chapter 86: Congenital Anomalies of the Sinuses of Valsalva and Aortico-Left Ventricular Tunnel Chapter 88: Ventricular Assist Devices in Children
Nihal A. Weerasena, FRCSEd, FRCSCTh Consultant Cardiothoracic (Congenital) Surgeon Department of Cardiac Surgery Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust Leeds, United Kingdom Chapter 90: Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Timo Weimar, MD Consulting Cardiac Surgeon Department of Cardiac Surgery Sana Cardiac Surgery Stuttgart GmbH Stuttgart, Germany Chapter 43: Surgical Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation
Todd S. Weiser, MD Director Department of Thoracic Surgery White Plains Hospital New York, New York Chapter 8: Tracheal Diseases
Glenn Whitman, MD Associate Professor Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Division of Cardiac Surgery Director Adult Heart Transplant/Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 26: Postoperative Management of the Cardiac Surgical Patient
Jeffrey J. Wu, MD Staff Surgeon Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Honolulu, Hawaii Chapter 63: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Katherine C. Wu, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 56: Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery
Stephen C. Yang, MD The Arthur B. and Patricia B. Modell Professor in Thoracic Surgery Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 15: Esophageal Perforation Chapter 19: Congenital Chest Wall Anomalies
William M. Yarbrough, MD Cardiothoracic Surgeon Providence Hospitals: Thoracic and Cardiovascular Associates Colwnbia, South Carolina Chapter 32: Aortic Valve Replacement
Lonny Yarmus, DO, FCCP Interventional Pulmonology Section of Interventional Pulmonology Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 3: Pulmonary Physiology, Function Tests, and Bronchoscopic Techniques
David D. Yuh, MD, FACC, FACS Professor and Chief, Section of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut
Surgical Director Yale-New Haven Hospital Heart and Vascular Center New Haven, Connecticut
Former Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery
Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
and The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 27: Primary Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Chapter 30: Management of Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease Chapter 35: Mitral Valve Replacement
Giorgio Zanotti, MD Chief Resident Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Chapter 82: Cardiac Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Connective Tissue Disorders
Paradoxically, our information age has flooded us with an unprecedented volume of medical information (the proverbial "drinking from a firehose") , yet clarity and wisdom still seem as rare as a desert oasis. Th is long-awaited second edition of the Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery is an arrival welcomed by all surgeons in our specialty, from the novice to the seasoned, who are thirsty for the insight and perspective vested in each chapter. The subtle title change from "manual" to "textbook" belies the substantial additions and enhancements that mark the second edition, including new chapters and authors, key concepts, color accenting, and expanded bibliographies. This work takes its place as one of the most comprehensive yet readable books on the subject and is the best example I know to support the argument that the printed textbook is alive and well, and in great demand.
Although born at Hopkins under Dr Yuh's leadership while he was on our faculty, the project has grown to include experts from many institutions, which parallels the collaborative and information-sharing spirit of our profession. This is particularly so with cardiothoracic surgeons, who delight
FOREWORD G
over sketches of operations drawn on dinnertime napkins and who earn deep satisfaction from warning each other about pitfalls and unseen hazards of procedures and practice. David Yuh and his co-editors Luca Vricella, S teve Yang, and John Doty deserve rich praise for shepherding this effort to collect so much wisdom within a single cover.
Finally, although it may seem odd that a Hopkins book is edited by a Yale surgeon, straddling of t hese two great institutions by prominent physician educators has precedence in Halsted, Welch, Cushing, Gott, and Reitz, to name j ust a few. Indeed, three of the four cardiac chiefs at Hopkins since Blalock were Yale graduates . Johns Hopkins and Yale have many similar a ttributes, not the least of which is a deep tradition and commitment to medical education and the training of young physicians. We are remembered best by the lives we touch, those of our patients and our students.
Duke E. Cameron, MD Cardiac Surgeon-in-Charge The Johns Hopkins Hospital
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