joint civicus-aprodeh upr submission perucivicus.org/images/peru.jointuprsubmission.pdf · relating...

Submitted 30 March 2017

SubmissionbyCIVICUS:WorldAllianceforCitizenParticipation,NGOinGeneralConsultativeStatuswithECOSOC

and

AsociaciónProDerechosHumanos(APRODEH)

CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation

Inés M. Pousadela, [email protected] Renate Bloem, [email protected]

Tel: +41 22 733 3435 Web: www.civicus.org

AsociaciónProDerechosHumanos(APRODEH)

Gloria Cano Legua, [email protected] Walter Vargas Díaz: [email protected]

Tel: +51 1 424 7057

Web: http://www.aprodeh.org.pe

Republic of Peru

Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review

28th Session of the UPR Working Group

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1. Introduction

1.1 CIVICUS isaglobalallianceofcivil societyorganisationsandactivistsdedicated tostrengtheningcitizenactionandcivilsocietyaroundtheworld.Foundedin1993,weproudly promotemarginalised voices, especially from the Global South, and havemembersinmorethan170countriesthroughouttheworld.

1.2 Asociación Pro Derechos Humanos (hereafter APRODEH) is a Peruvian non-governmentalorganisationcommittedtotheintegraldefenceandthepromotionofhumanrights.Ourmissionistocontributetolegalandpoliticalprocessesconducivetoguaranteeing theactual enjoymentof all rights. Sinceour founding in1983,wehaeprioritisedlinkswithvulnerableandexcludedgroups.

1.3 In this document, CIVICUS and APRODEH examine the Government of Peru’s

compliancewithitsinternationalhumanrightsobligationstocreateandmaintainasafe and enabling environment for civil society. Specifically, we analyse Peru’sfulfilment of the rights to freedom of association, assembly, and expression andunwarrantedrestrictionsonhumanrightsdefenders(HRDs)sinceitspreviousUPRexamination in November 2012. To this end, we assess Peru’s implementation ofrecommendations received during the 2nd UPR cycle relating to these issues andprovideanumberofspecific,action-orientedfollow-uprecommendations.

1.4 During the 2nd UPR cycle, the Government of Peru received 15 recommendations

relating to civic space.Of these recommendations, 14were accepted andonewasnoted. An evaluation of a range of legal sources andhuman rights documentationaddressed in subsequent sections of this submission demonstrate that theGovernment of Peru has not implemented 11 recommendations relating to civilsociety space. The government has persistently failed to address unwarrantedrestrictions on civic space, and implementation gaps were found regardingindigenousconsultationlawsandhumanrightstrainingforthesecurityforces.

1.5 CIVICUS and APRODEH are deeply concerned by the situation of journalists and

HRDs, particularly those covering sensitive issues and working to advanceenvironmental,indigenouspeoples’andlandrights.

1.6 CIVICUSandAPRODEHarefurtheralarmedbytheuseofbothlegalandextra-legal

restrictionsontherighttofreedomofpeacefulassembly,andparticularlybytheuseofexcessiveforceleadingtofrequentinjuriesanddeathsofprotesters.CivicspaceinPeruiscurrentlyratedas‘obstructed’ontheCIVICUSMonitor.1

1https://monitor.civicus.org/country/peru/.

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• In Section B, CIVICUS and APRODEH examine Peru’s implementation of UPRrecommendations and compliance with international human rights standardsconcerningfreedomofassociation.

• In Section C, CIVICUS and APRODEH examine Peru’s implementation of UPRrecommendations and compliance with international human rights standardsrelatedtotheprotectionofHRDs,civilsocietyactivistsandjournalists.

• In Section D, CIVICUS and APRODEH examine Peru’s implementation of UPRrecommendations and compliance with international human rights standardsconcerning to freedomofexpression, independenceof themediaandaccess toinformation.

• In Section E, CIVICUS and APRODEH examine Peru’s implementation of UPRrecommendations and compliance with international human rights standardsrelatedtofreedomofassembly.

• In Section F, CIVICUS and APRODEH make a number of recommendations toaddresstheconcernslisted.

2. (B) Freedom of association

2.1 DuringPeru’s examinationunder the2ndUPR cycle, the government received tworecommendations on the right to freedomof association and creating an enablingenvironment for civil society organizations (CSOs). Both recommendations wereaccepted. The Peruvian government committed to organising a visit of the UNSpecialRapporteurontherightstofreedomofpeacefulassemblyandofassociation(117.5) and to “effectively enforce national labour laws, including laws related tofreedomofassociation”(116.42).Asevidencedbelow,thegovernmenthasfailedtotake adequate measures to fully realize these recommendations. It has, however,extendedanopeninvitationtoallUNspecialproceduremandateholders.

2.2 Article 2.13 of the Peruvian Constitution recognises every person’s right to“associate and form foundations and various forms of not-for-profit organisationswithoutpriorauthorisationandinagreementwiththelaw”.2TheConstitutionalsoprotectsorganisationsagainstadministrativedissolution.Moreover,article22oftheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights(ICCPR),towhichPeruisastateparty,alsoguarantees the freedomofassociation.Despite thesecommitments, theenjoyment of these rights has been hindered in Peru by the introduction ofmorestringent controls on CSO funding and the criminalisation and outright violenceagainstHRDs.

2.3 CSOs are primarily regulated by the 1984 Civil Code,3which offers little practicalguidanceregardingCSOregistration.Asaresult,publicregistriesineachjurisdictionexercise wide discretion to allow, deny or delay registration, often leading to

2ConstitutionofPeru,http://goo.gl/OiznTr. 3CivilCode,http://www.oas.org/juridico/pdfs/mesicic4_per_cod_civil.pdf.

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arbitrariness. Additional regulations are contained in the Law of TechnicalCooperation, the Law for the Creation of the Peruvian Agency for InternationalCooperation(APCI),theIncomeTaxandtheIncomeTaxExemptionlaws,andnormsconcerning theRegistry of Legal Entities and the prevention ofmoney launderingandterroristfinancing.4

2.4 No legislation bans access to funding for Peruvian CSOs. However, obstacles toreceiving foreign funds have mounted as a result of increasing APCI controls. In2015,forinstance,tightercontrolswereorderedonCSOsimplementingprojectsinregions with social and environmental conflicts,5after the government accusedEuropeaninternationalcooperationagenciesofundulyfundingsocialprotest.6

2.5 In the case ofworkers’ rights, the freedomof association is limited by a series ofbarriers to the establishment of trade unions - including excessive representativerequirements, restrictions to affiliating in confederations, and the exclusion ofcertain categories ofworkers – and to unions’ ability to carry out their functions.Article 14of the IndustrialRelations Law7requires aminimumof 20members toformaunion insomecases (asaresultofwhich therearenounions insmallandmedium-sizedcompanies),andamaximumof50inothercases.Additionally,article19of SupremeDecreeNo.003-82-PCM8prohibitspublic servants’ federationsandconfederations from affiliating to confederations encompassing organisations notrepresenting State employees. Law No. 28518 and the General Education Lawexclude trainee workers from collective bargaining. The Industrial Relations Lawrequiresanexcessivemajorityinaballottocallastrike(Article73b),banscertainformsofstrikes,suchasthosedeliberatelyreducingproductivity(Article81),allowsthe Administrative Labour Authority to declare a strike illegal (Article 82) and todecidetheextentoftheminimumservicetobeprovidedbyessentialpublicservicesduring a strike (Article 83), and authorises theMinistry of Labour to end strikesdeemed to pose serious risks to the enterprise or production sector, or as havingseriouspotentialconsequences(Article68).9

2.6 Casesof state surveillance and infiltrationofCSOshavealsobeendocumented. InJune 2014, for instance, the Quechua Indigenous Federation of Pastaza detectedthree infiltrated police officers in their communal assembly. This occurred in the

4ICNL,CivicFreedomMonitor:Peru,http://goo.gl/pQAzDd.5ANDINA,25May2015,”ApcisupervisaráproyectosdeONGenzonasconaltoíndicedeconflicto”,http://goo.gl/txAmUW.6CartadeEmbajadoresdeEstadosMiembrosdelaUniónEuropeaenPerúalMinisteriodeRelacionesExteriores,25May2015,http://goo.gl/m5FPB1.7LegislativeDecreeNo.25593,Leyqueregulalasrelacioneslaboralesdelostrabajadoressujetosalrégimendelaactividadprivada,1992,http://goo.gl/4V7ln7.8SupremeDecreeNo.003-82-PCM,1982,http://goo.gl/iHFxNd.9ITUC,SurveyofViolationsofTradeUnionRights:Peru,http://goo.gl/Q1zsd6.

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contextofan indigenouspeoples’ strikedemandingdialoguewith thegovernmentoverpollutionofAmazonterritoryattributedtotheoilcompanyPluspetrol.10

3. (C) Harassment, intimidation and attacks against human rights defenders, civil society activists and journalists

3.1 Under Peru’s previous UPR examination, the government received threerecommendations on the protection of HRDs, journalists and civil societyrepresentatives.Oftheserecommendations,twowereacceptedandonewasnoted.The government therefore committed to “engage constructively” (116.74) and“protect human rights defenders from threats and intimidation” (116.72).Additionally, three relevant recommendationswere provided – and supported bythe Peruvian government – regarding the proper implementation of priorconsultationmechanismsinthecontextofextractiveprojects(116.111,116.112and116.113).However,asexaminedinthissection,noneofthethreerecommendationsontheprotectionofHRDswasimplemented,andwhilelegislationtoestablishpriorconsultationmechanismswaspassed,inconsistentregulationfailedtoguaranteeitseffectiveandintegralimplementation.

3.2 Article12oftheUNDeclarationonHumanRightsDefendersmandatesstatestotakemeasures to protect HRDs. The ICCPR further guarantees the freedoms ofexpression,associationandassembly.However,inspiteoftheseprotections,HRDsin Peru routinely face harassment, intimidation, criminalisation and physicalviolence, including extra-judicial killings. Worryingly, no state protectionmechanismexiststoguaranteeanenablingenvironmentforactivism.

3.3 Criminal legislation is routinely used to suppress the legitimate work of HRDs,particularly -butnotexclusively - against indigenous, environmental,peasantandland rightsactivists,whoareoften judiciallyharassed in retaliation fororganisingandspeakingup.Proceduralguaranteesforthoseaccusedhaveweakenedasaresultof Administrative Resolution 096-2012-CE-PJ, issued by the Chief Justice in May2012. This resolutionmoved judicial proceedings against peasants, social leadersandlocalauthoritiestoplacesfarawayfromwheretheallegedcrimeshadoccurred,effectivelylimitingaccesstojusticeforpeopleoflimitedmeans.11

3.4 Spurious and politically motivated charges against HRDs and their organisationshave included conspiracy to commit a crime, money laundering, financing fromillegalsources,extortionandtheobstructionofroads.Basedonunfoundedcriminalcharges,courtproceedingsarefrequentlydroppedorendinacquittalneverthelessresultinginharassment.AcaseinpointisthatofMiltonSanchezCubas,aleaderof

10SERVINDI,6June2014,“QuechuasdelPastazaentregantrespolicíasinfiltradosenasambleanativa”,http://goo.gl/4176rd. 11AdministrativeResolutionNo.096-2012-CE-PJ,http://goo.gl/pC0kOG.

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the opposition against the Conga mining project in Cajamarca, who has beensubjected todozensofdifferentcourtproceedingsplaguedwith irregularities,andnever convicted.12Anotherprominent case concluded inSeptember2016with theacquittal of 52 indigenous personswho stood accused of killing 12 police officersduringclashesin2009.Clasheshadtakenplaceassecurityforcestriedtodisperseindividuals occupying a road in Bagua, in the Amazon region, and resulted in 33being killed - including 23 police officers - and over 200more suffering injuries.While no state officialwas held accountable, dozens of indigenous demonstratorsand two of their leaders were subjected to judicial proceedings lasting severalyears.13Manyother civil society leaderswhohavebeen judiciallypersecutedovertheyearshavereceivedsuspendedprisonsentencesandonerousfines.14Thestatehas consistently resorted to the arbitrary imposition of preventive detention ofmembers of indigenous communities, social leaders and women HRDs claimingrightsthroughsocialmobilisation.15

3.5 Criminal legislation isalsoemployedagainst journalists, as seen in thecaseof thePanorama TV reporters who in April 2016 revealed irregularities in the area ofmilitary intelligence, including theembezzlementof state fundsand thewritingoffraudulent intelligence reports. In response, the DefenceMinistry filed a criminalcomplaintagainsttheTVoutletforspreadingnationalsecrets.Personallyaccusedoftreason, the journalists who worked in the investigation face up to 15 years inprisonifconvicted.16

3.6 HRDs, andparticularly land, indigenous and environmental rights defenders, havealsobeenstigmatised,threatened,subjectedtosurveillance,physicallyattackedandevenkilled.Overthepastfewyears,forinstance,securityforcesandprivatesecuritypersonnel of theYanacocha goldmining companyhave systematically intimidatedpeasant leaderMáxima Acuña, her family and other locals opposed tomining ontheir land in the Cajamarca region.Despite precautionarymeasures issued by theInter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), state protection forthreatened individuals has rarely if ever been granted.17As a result, murders ofHRDs are a relatively common occurrence. Among recently assassinated HRDs isEdwin Chota Valera, killed by illegal loggers in September 2014, alongwith threeother leaders of the Asháninka indigenous community of Alto Tamaya-Saweto,

12GRUFIDES,13November2014,“Cajamarca:16dirigentessocialespodríanserarrestadosacusadosdesecuestroagravado”,http://goo.gl/uCzG7O.13Gestión,22September2016,“Absuelvena52indígenasacusadosdematara12policíasenPerú”,http://goo.gl/3igQN6. 14SeeforinstancethecaseofTíaMaría,inLaRepública,26May2016,“TíaMaría:DirigentesdelvalledeTamboenlaclandestinidad”,http://goo.gl/7U2PqX.15ICJ(2016)IndustriasExtractivas,DerechosHumanosyconflictossocialesenPerú.InformedeMisión,pp.42-47,availablein:http://goo.gl/HFQJ9O. 16Vanguardia(Mexico),1July2016,“DenunciacontraperiodistasenPerúesuna‘restricciónalalibertaddeprensa’:SIP”,http://goo.gl/pxRVhF.17ElComercio,18September2016,“SereportaunnuevoincidenteentreMáximaAcuñayYanacocha”,http://goo.gl/CpKY5M.

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Ucayali.Theactivistswerekilledinretaliationfortheirresistancetoillegalloggingontheirancestral lands.Whilemembersoftheircommunityhadpreviouslyraisedconcerns about their safety, the authorities had failed to provide adequateprotectionmeasures.18

3.7 MuchoftheviolenceagainstindigenousHRDsinPeruappearstobecorrelatedwiththe country’s insufficient progress in the protection of indigenous peoples' rights,and particularly in the implementation of the provisions concerning priorconsultation with indigenous and peasant communities affected by extractiveprojects. In April 2013, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture published a regulatoryframework on the 2011 Law on the Right of Indigenous Peoples to PriorConsultation.19 34 consultationprocesseswere initiated between2013 and2016.CivilsocietyhoweverhasexpressedconcernsovertheinconsistentimplementationofbothILOConvention169andtheabovementionedlaw.Althoughmorethan48%of the Andean indigenous communities’ territories have concessions for miningactivities, there are currently only ten consultation processes pertaining to stagessubsequent to the granting of the mining concession to private extra-communityparties.20Extractiveconcessionshavebeengrantedeveninterritoriespopulatedbyindigenouspeoples living involuntary isolation. Inaddition, inMay2015LawNo.3032721waspassedallowinglandexpropriationandreducingrequirementsfortheapproval of environmental impact assessments formajor development projects.22Mostrecently,LegislativeDecreeNo.133323createdaspecialregimeforpublicandprivateaccesstolandtofosterinvestmentinpriorityareas.Despitethefactthatitwilllikelyaffectcommunalterritories,indigenouspeopleswerenotconsultedaboutthisdecree.24

3.8 Union leaders have also been attacked. According to the General Workers’Confederation of Peru (CGTP), 15 leaders from the civil construction union wereassassinated between 2011 and 2015, allegedly by members of unrepresentative“pseudo unions” within the sector, dedicated to extorting and competing withlegitimateworkers’organisations.25

18LaRepública,2January2015,“EdwinChota,mártirporculpadelaindiferencia”,http://goo.gl/Lov2UD. 19LawNo.29785,Leydelderechoalaconsultapreviaalospueblosindígenasuoriginarios,reconocidoenelConvenio169delaOrganizaciónInternacionaldelTrabajo(OIT),2011,http://goo.gl/3eEtjt.20MinistryofCulture,Procesosdeconsultaprevia,http://goo.gl/0Wi5tr.21LawNo.30327,Leydepromocióndelasinversionsparaelcrecimientoeconómicoyeldesarrollosostenible,2015,http://goo.gl/4Gxv6w. 22RedMuqui,Paquetesnormativos2013–2015ysuimpactoenlosderechosfundamentalesenelPerú.Análisis,http://goo.gl/EZaeDU.23DiarioOficialElPeruano,Ley1333,5January2017,http://goo.gl/2VgZfq.24 GRUFIDES, 28 February 2017, “Pacto de Unidad exige derogatoria de Decreto Legislativo 1333”,http://goo.gl/R8PByu.25LaRepública,17July2014,“Hayunos60‘sindicatos’queextorsionanenobrasdeconstruccióncivilenLima”,http://goo.gl/fhOK04;DiarioUno,23October2015,“Justiciaparalos15sindicalistasasesinados”,http://goo.gl/7QR5Po; DiarioUno,25October2015,“<Mafiasestánasesinandoadirigentessindicales>”,http://goo.gl/ZrndoR.

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3.9 Physicalattacksagainst journalists, includingmurder,havehadachillingeffectontheworkof independentmedia. Journalistshavebeentargetedforsimilarreasonsas HRDs, including reporting on the impact of lucrative megaprojects or drugtrafficking,denouncingcorruptionandpublicmismanagement,andcoveringsocialconflict and protests. Among assassinated journalists is Buchelli Cueva, a radioownerandhostreportingoncorruptioninlocalpoliticswhowastorturedandkilledathishomein July2014.26InNovember2014,22-year-old journalismstudentandmagazinewriterFernandoRaymondiwasalsokilled.Atthetimeofhisdeath,hewaswritingaboutastringofkillingscarriedoutbylocalgangs.Themostrecentcasualtywas radio host Hernán Choquepata Ordóñez, shot dead on 20 November 2016duringalivebroadcastinCamaná,Arequipa.Ordóñezhostedaprogrammeinwhichlisteners voiced their complaints and criticised the authorities, and had receiveddeaththreatspriortohisassassination.27

3.10 Peruvian journalists are also frequently subjected to threats, intimidation,surveillance and the theft or confiscation of equipment,28as well as specificallytargeted while covering demonstrations.29According to the National Journalists’Association (ANP), 114 aggressions against reporters were documented in 2016.Thesewereperpetratedbybothstateandprivateactors, includingpublicofficials,civilians,unidentifiedattackers,andpolice,militaryandprivatesecurityofficers.30AnillustrativecaseisthatofCésarEstradaChuquilin,amemberoftheNetworkofIndigenous Communicators of Peru, who was the target of intimidation, threats,beatings,confiscationofequipmentand judicialharassment forreportingcriticallyon the Conga mining project. 31 In October 2015, he was the victim of anassassination attempt.32As repeatedly denounced by the Peruvian Press Council,impunity for crimes against journalists generally prevails. 33 This trend wasconfirmed by the recent case of Marco Ramón, a young photojournalist whowasshot in the facebypolicewhilecoveringaprotest in January2017,despitehaving

26LaRepública,11July2014,“EnPacasmayo,torturanyasesinanaperiodistaDonnyBuchelliCueva”,http://goo.gl/2Y5W0Q.27ANP,n/d,“AsesinanaperiodistaenArequipa”,http://goo.gl/r1Xd4L.28Casesofintimidationandthreatsaretoonumeroustolist.Afewprominentcasesthatweredocumentedin2014–includingthoseofonlinejournalistsPedroEscuderoCárdenasandGermánEscuderoSaldarriaga,radiodirectorHenryPinedo,TVreporterManuelCalloquispeFloresandweeklyeditorSantosPorras–aredescribedinFreedomHouse’sFreedomofthePress2015:Peru,availablein:https://goo.gl/8dkUIK.29Forarecentexample,seethecaseofAlanBenavides,whosufferedpolicerepressionwhilecoveringthemobilisationofstudentsandworkersinLimaagainsttheTrans-PacificPartnershipAgreement(TPP)inFebruary2016.Cf.FederacióndePeriodistasdelPerú(FPP),15March2016,“Altoalarepresióncontraelperiodismo!”,http://goo.gl/rL5slQ.30CrónicaViva,31December2016,“ANP:Perúregistró114ataquesaperiodistasduranteel2016”,http://goo.gl/c14Ivo.31FrontLineDefenders,CesarEstradaChuquilin,http://goo.gl/NEgwFrv.32GRUFIDES,4November2015,“OrganizacióndeDerechosHumanosexpresasupreocupaciónporlaintegridaddelperiodistaCésarEstradaChuquilín”,http://goo.gl/JcEMyv.33ElComercio,3November2016,“ConsejodelaPrensapidesanciónacrimenescontraperiodistas”,http://goo.gl/4maVSY.

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identifiedhimselfasareporter.Nobodyhasbeenheldaccountable34fortheattackagainstRamón,whonowfacesapossiblelossofaneye.35

4. (D) Freedom of expression, independence of the media and access to

information

4.1 Underthe2ndUPRcycle,thegovernmentreceivedtworecommendationsrelatingtofreedom of expression and access to information. The government supported themoregeneralrecommendationof“takingthenecessarystepstoeliminateanylegalprovisions thatmay be viewed as limiting freedom of expression” (116.73)whilenoting the more specific one calling for the repeal of criminal defamation laws(119.5).Asdiscussedbelow,thegovernmentdidnotsubsequentlytakeanyeffectivemeasurestoimplementtheserecommendations.

4.2 Article19oftheICCPRguaranteestherighttofreedomofexpressionandopinion.Articles2and61oftheConstitutionofPerualsoguaranteetherighttofreedomofexpression and the freedomof the press.36However, criminal defamation statutesaresystematicallyusedagainstPeruvian journalists,andparticularlyagainst thosecoveringsensitivesocialandpoliticalissues.

4.3 Althoughopencensorship israre inPeru, informalpressuresandtheever-presentthreat of defamation charges often result in self-censorship. Indeed, defamationremainsa criminaloffencepunishablewithprison.According toarticle132of thePeruvianCriminal Code, it is punishablewith fines andprison sentences betweenone and three years if committed through ‘a book, the press or other socialcommunicationsmedia’.37Additionally,pressfreedomorganisationshavecriticisedthe 2011 Law on Personal Data Protection (in force since May 2015) forundermining the work of investigative journalists, although state officials haverepeatedassurancesthatthislawdoesnotrestrictaccesstopublicinformationbutrather protects private data.38Furthermore, a Cybercrime Law that was hastilypassedbyCongress in late2013currentlyrestricts theuseofgovernmentdatabyattaching3- to6-yearprisonsentences to thenewlydefinedcrimeof interceptingcomputer information from public institutions.39It also establishes 3- to 5-yearprisonsentencesforbuildingdatabasestotrackpersonal,professional,orfinancial

34Altavoz,23January2017,“EstaeslahistoriadeAtoqRamon,elfotoperiodistadePeru.21heridoenPuentePiedra”,http://goo.gl/TDWnSh35Altavoz,23January2017,“EstaeslahistoriadeAtoqRamon,elfotoperiodistadePeru.21heridoenPuentePiedra”,http://goo.gl/TDWnSh36ConstituciónPolíticadelPerú,http://goo.gl/OiznTr.37CódigoPenaldelPerú,http://goo.gl/ws6r9K.38LawNo.29733,LeydeProteccióndeDatosPersonales,http://goo.gl/ynuSsI.SeealsoLaRepública,26May2015,“LeydeProteccióndeDatosPersonales:¿afectalibertades?”,http://goo.gl/mehDrs. 39LawNo.30096,LeydeDelitosInformáticos,2013,http://goo.gl/3xxivQ.

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information about individuals or companies - a practice frequently used bytransparencyCSOstomonitorgovernmentcontractors.40

4.4 Defamation charges are frequently brought against Peruvian journalists, althoughprisonsentencesareoftensuspended.Pressfreedomorganisationshaveidentifieddefamation laws as themain threat to the freedom of expression in the country,leadingnotjusttocriminalprosecutionbutalsotointimidationandself-censorship.Recentexamplesabound.Forinstance,inMarch2014,CésarQuinoEscudero,editorof thebiweeklymagazineElObservador,washandeda6-monthsuspendedprisonsentence, a fine and120days of community service for defaming the governor ofAncash, who has a long record of suing critical reporters for defamation.41Morerecently, in September2016, the editorof theweeklypaperPrensaalDía, RonaldDaniel OrmeñoGonzales,was jailed for failing to pay a fine resulting from a libelconviction.42Another journalist, Milagros Rodríguez Hidalgo of Diario Tumbes 21,was ordered to pay a disproportionate fine43as a result of a defamation casetriggeredbyherreportingofallegedcorruptionintheregionaladministration.44

4.5 AlthoughPeruhashadaTransparencyandAccesstoPublicInformationLawsince2002,45 actual access to official documents remains difficult and uneven, withseveral exceptions justifying thewithholding of information by a number of stateagencies,andvariousdebilitatingdefactoobstaclesattheregionalandlocallevels.Inaddition,LegislativeDecreeNo.1129ofDecember2012deniespublicaccesstoany information related tonational security anddefence, and establishes that anyperson revealing such information could be criminally charged and imprisoned.46AsexpressedbythePeruvianCSOInstitutodePrensaySociedad(IPYS),thisnormenshrinessecrecyas therulerather thantheexception in theareaofsecurityanddefence.47The decreewas challenged by the Ombudsman in Peru’s Constitutional

40IPS,27November2013,“Peru’sNewCybercrimeLawUnderminesTransparencyLegislation”,http://goo.gl/y63d1b. 41ElComercio,25March2014,“Áncash:fallocontraperiodistaamenazalibertaddeexpresión”,http://goo.gl/AsaS9E.GovernorÁlvarezlaterfacedmurderchargesfortheassassinationofapoliticalopponent;seeNTN24,2July2014,“Justiciaperuanaordenalacapturadeungobernadoracusadodelasesinatodesuprincipalopositor”,http://goo.gl/2ybNcu. 42CrónicaViva,14September2016,“ANPexigelibertaddeperiodistaquerelladopordifamación”,http://goo.gl/5BzCkR.43RSF,5October2016,“Perú:RSFdenunciaprocesosjudicialesabusivoscontradosperiodistas”,http://goo.gl/7hD3bq.44Inaddition,StatewillingnesstoimprovetheenvironmentforjournalisticworkwascalledintoquestionbytheappointmentofretiredmilitaryintelligenceofficialDanielUrrestiasInteriorMinisterinJune2014.Urresti,whoserveduntilFebruary2015,waseventuallyforcedtoresignfollowingdenunciationsofpoliceabusesandinvolvementinthe1988murderofjournalistHugoBustíos.Cf.Perú21,2July2014,“MinistroUrrestiesprocesadoporasesinatodeperiodistaenAyacucho”,http://goo.gl/dX0iFP.45LawNo.27806,LeydeTransparenciayAccesoalaInformaciónPública,2002,http://goo.gl/PMdzWb.46LegislativeDecreeNo.1129,Decretolegislativoqueregulaelsistemadedefensanacional,http://goo.gl/Vs35Y3.47InstitutodePrensaySociedad(IPYS),10December2012,“ElIPYSdenunciagraveatentadodelgobiernocontralatransparencia,elaccesoalainformaciónylalibertaddeexpresión”,http://goo.gl/esfsWI

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Court,48but a ruling has not yet been issued at the time of reporting. On amorepositive note, the president of the Council of Ministers recently announced thedecisiontocreateanautonomousagencytoensurecitizens’effectiverighttoaccesspublicinformation.49

5. (E) Freedom of peaceful assembly

5.1 DuringPeru’sexaminationunderthe2ndUPRcycle,thegovernmentreceivedsevenrecommendationsontherighttofreedomofassembly,allofwhichwereaccepted.Accordingly, the government committed to establish “adequate and mandatorytraining on international rights standards” for the security forces (116.54) and“mechanismsaimedatpreventingsecurityforcesfromusingforceinanyexcessiveorunjustifiedmanner”(116.34).However,asevidencedbelow,thegovernmenthasfailed toadequately realizemostof these recommendations.Six recommendationson freedom of assembly were not implemented, while one was only partiallyimplemented.Guidelineswereissuedtoregulatetheuseofforce,butnomandatoryhumanrightstrainingtopoliceandmilitaryforceswasprovidedtopreventabuses.

5.2 Article 21 of the ICCPR guarantees the freedomof peaceful assembly. In addition,article 2.12 of the Peruvian Constitution50also guarantees the right to freedomofassembly, specifically stating that gatherings inpublic spacesdonot requirepriorauthorisation but simple advance notification. However, the system in practicefunctionsasoneofpriorauthorisation. Additionally,recentlegislativedevelopmentshaveincreasedimpunityforpoliceviolenceagainstdemonstrators.

5.3 AcurrentorderbythePeruvianMinistryoftheInteriorrequiresthesubmissionofa“requestforguarantees”atleastthreedaysbeforeademonstration,51establishingade facto system of administrative authorisation. The minimum 3-day notice issometimes difficult to comply with, given that immediate calls to assemble inreaction to current events, enabled by social media, are increasingly frequent.Omitting the procedure is viewed asmisconduct, and it is up to the jurisdictionalpolice whether an “unauthorised” demonstration may proceed, and under whatconditions.52

48DefensoríadelPueblo,15February2013,ProcesodeInconstitucionalidad,http://goo.gl/oaNo0a.49EntornoInteligente,18August2016,“PERÚ:Destacancreacióndeautoridadautónomaquetransparentaráinformaciónpública”,http://goo.gl/KA05H2.50ConstitutionofPeru,http://goo.gl/OiznTr.51Requiredinformation,tobeprovidedinwriting,includestheidentitiesandpersonaladdressesoftheconveners,thedate,timeandrouteoftherally,itsmotiveandtheestimatednumberofparticipants.Inaddition,anofficialagreementmustbesignedincludingtheplannedrouteandacommitmentnottoalterpublicorder,interferewithtraffic,damagepropertyorcarryarmsorbluntobjects.Seehttp://goo.gl/YFLXER.52Foranexampleofrestrictionsimposedthroughpriornotificationprocedures,seeCELS(2016)LatinAmericanStateResponsestoSocialProtest.BuenosAires:CELS.Availablein:http://goo.gl/eSEZZa.

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5.4 Article200ofthePeruvianCriminalCodebroadlydefinesthecrimeofextortionasanyaction that throughviolence, threatsorbykeeping someonehostage, forcesaperson to concede any benefit or advantage, economic or otherwise. 53 Asinterpretedbytheauthorities,thiscrimehascometoencompasstheoccupationofpremises,theobstructionoftransportationroutesandstreets,andthedisruptionofpublicservices.Attachedpenaltiesarebetween5and10yearsinprison,andupto25 years if two or more people have taken part. As a result of this overbroadinterpretation,anyactofprotestcreatingobstaclestotrafficor transportationcanbecriminallyprosecuted.

5.5 Additionally, Law No. 30151, in force since January 2014, modified the CriminalCode in order to grant immunity from prosecution to “armed forces and policepersonnelwhoinfulfilmentoftheirdutyandusingtheirweaponsorothermeansofdefence,cause injuryordeath,”regardlessofcompliancewithnationalregulationsor international standards.54On theotherhand, inAugust2015 theConstitutionalCourt ruled the unconstitutionality of the articles of Legislative Decree No. 1095(2010) allowing for the use of the Armed Forces to support the police against“hostile” social groups, and for military officers accused of human rights abusesagainst civilians to be tried inmilitary courts. Although this ruling seeks to alignlegislation to international human rights standards ruling out the use of militarycourtsforhumanrightscases,itstillallowsaroleforthearmedforcesinrestoringpublicorderevenintheabsenceofthedeclarationofastateofemergency.55

5.6 TheincorporationofminimumprinciplesregardingtheuseofforceintoPeru’slegalframeworkhasnotyethadasignificant impacton thepracticesofsecurity forces.LegislativeDecreeNo.1186,56adopted inAugust2015, incorporatedprinciplesonthe use of police force, including the graduated and exceptional use of lethalweaponsandtheobligationtoprovidemedicalcare,communicatewithnextofkinoftheinjuredordead,andreportonevents.However,legislationstillallowsfortheuse of lethal weapons in the event of a “violent, tumultuous assembly,” withoutclearly defining these conditions. Excessive use of lethal force has thereforecontinued, and barely amonth after the decree came into effect three protestorswerekilledbythepoliceintheLasBambasminingcamp.57

5.7 Additionally, it is common practice for the Peruvian government to arbitrarilydeclareastateofemergency–providedforinArticle137oftheConstitution–for

53CriminalCode,http://goo.gl/ws6r9K.54LawNo.30151,Leyquemodificaelinciso11delartículo20delCódigoPenal,referidoalusodearmasuotromediodedefensaporpersonaldelasFuerzasArmadasydelaPolicíaNacionaldelPerú,2014,http://goo.gl/33A6Me.55TribunalConstitucional,ResoluciónAdministrativaNo.080-2015-P/TC,9July2015,http://goo.gl/iWQoTT.56LegislativeDecreeNo.1186,DecretoLegislativoqueregulaelusodelafuerzaporpartedelaPolicíaNacionaldelPerú,15August2015,http://goo.gl/pXCjBi. 57SeeCELS(2016)LatinAmericanStateResponsestoSocialProtest.BuenosAires:CELS.Availablein:http://goo.gl/eSEZZa.

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30 or 60 days to prohibit demonstrations and public gatherings in high-impactconflicts, and to militarise control of public order. This has occurred repeatedlyduring mass protests against mining. While a state of emergency is in place,constitutional guarantees on the personal freedoms of movement and peacefulassembly and the inviolability of private residences are suspended and the policeand armed forces are put in charge of protecting roads, industrial sites andgovernment buildings. A state of emergency was declared for 30 days in theprovincesofCotabambas,Grau,Andahuaylas,Chincheros,EspinarandChumbivilcasafterfourpeoplediedand22werewoundedduringprotestsagainstLasBambasinSeptember 2015.58Subsequent efforts to unblock a local road resulted in anotherdeath and several additional injuries.59Additionally, human rights organisationshave repeatedly denounced the existence of undisclosed service-providingagreementsbetweenthenationalpoliceandminingcompanies,asaresultofwhichthepoliceoftenfunctionsasminingcorporations’privatesecurityagency.60

5.8 Despite theprinciplesofnecessity, legalityandproportionalitybeingenshrined intheir Manual of Human Rights Applied to Police Duties, 61 there is evidence ofexcessive forceagainstdemonstratorsbeingsystematicallyappliedby thesecurityforces. TheOmbudsman’sOffice has recorded thedeaths of 58 civilians and1019civiliansinjuredasaresultoftheuseofexcessiveforceindemonstrationsbetween2012 and 2015.62Similarly, according tomonitoring by CoordinadoraNacional deDerechos Humanos (CNDDHH), a domestic human rights umbrella organisation,repressionofsocialprotestsbetweenJanuary2013andDecember2016left30deadatthehandsoftheNationalPolice.Littleprogresshasbeenmadeininvestigationstodeterminethecircumstancesofthesefatalities,andimpunityisreportedtohaveprevailedin88.9%ofcases.63ImpunitywasrecentlyreinforcedbyLawNo.30151:barely amonth after thebill entered into force, a court of first instance acquittedfour police officers accused in the deaths of four civilians during a 2011demonstrationinthecityofHuancavelicathatwasrepressedwithfirearms.

5.9 Amajorityofthosekilledandinjuredinprotestshavebeenmembersofpeasantandindigenous communities involved in conflicts surrounding extractive projects. An

58Desinformémonos,30September2015,“EstadodeemergenciaenPerú,trasrepresiónainconformesconproyectominero”,http://goo.gl/Xh3OCx.59HispanTV,15October2016,“1muertoy20heridosporrepresiónpolicialenprotestaenPerú”,http://goo.gl/u4vPHT.60CoordinadoraNacionaldeDerechosHumanos,3November2016,“PolicíaNacionalsíprestaserviciosaempresasmineras,brindándolesprotecciónyseguridad”,http://goo.gl/EclKoE.61TheManualstipulatesthattheuseofforceshouldbeavoidedincrowddispersalorlimitedtotheminimumnecessary,andrecommendsfirearmsbeusedonlywhenthereisanimminentthreatofdeathorseriousinjury.SeeCELS(2016)LatinAmericanStateResponsestoSocialProtest.BuenosAires:CELS.Availablein:http://goo.gl/eSEZZa62ElComercio,29May2015,“ConflictossocialesenPerúhandejado63muertosdesdeel2011”,http://goo.gl/ysIivF.63CoordinadoraNacionaldeDerechosHumanos,Criminalizacióndelaprotesta.Observatoriodecasos,http://goo.gl/zHpb4i.

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emblematic example is Las Bambas, one of the largest mining projects in Peru’shistory–aChineseinvestmentworthUS$10billion.AtleastfourpeoplewerekilledinprotestsagainsttheseoperationsinSeptember2015,andanotherindividualwaskilled in October 2016. Dozens were injured on both occasions. 64 Beyondenvironmental conflicts, various student protests have recently been met withexcessive force, includinguseof tear gas, birdshots and flares, resulting indozensinjuredandarrested.65

6. (F) Recommendations to the Government of Peru

CIVICUSandAPRODEHcallontheGovernmentofPerutocreateandmaintain,inlawandinpractice,anenablingenvironmentforcivilsociety,inaccordancewith therightsenshrined in the ICCPR, theUNDeclarationonHumanRightsDefendersandHumanRightsCouncilresolutions22/6,27/5and27/31.

At a minimum, the following conditions should be guaranteed: freedom ofassociation,freedomofexpression,freedomofpeacefulassembly,therighttooperate free from unwarranted state interference, the right to communicateand cooperate, the right to seek and secure funding and the state’s duty toprotect.Inlightofthis,thefollowingspecificrecommendationsaremade:

6.1 Regardingfreedomofassociation

• Take measures to foster a safe, respectful, enabling environment for civilsociety,includingthroughremovinglegalandpolicymeasuresunwarrantedlylimitingtherighttoassociation.

• Abstain from harassing or stigmatising the legitimate activities of CSOs andinternationalcooperationagencies.Ceaseongoingsmearcampaignsmountedto accuse them of promoting social conflagration in areas with socio-environmentalconflicts.

64Perú21,29September2015,“LasBambas:Yason4losmuertosporprotestacontraproyectominero”,http://goo.gl/9j1fFY;Perú21,14October2016,“LasBambas:UnmuertoyvariosheridosdejóenfrentamientoentrecomunerosyPolicía”,http://goo.gl/YCZJzW.65Amongthemwasamarchofabout1,500studentsandyouthswhoprotestedagainsttheTrans-PacificPartnership(TPP)inLimainFebruary2016;andademonstrationbystudentsoftheUniversidadNacionalFedericoVillarrealindemandofaninvestigationintocorruptionallegationsagainstuniversityauthoritiesinAugust.AsrecentlyasJanuary2017,policeforcesfiredindiscriminatelyandinjuredseveralpeoplewhowereprotestingagainstnewtollsarbitrarilyimposedonaroadintoLima.Todate,nobodyhasbeenheldaccountable.Cf.Telesur,25February2016,“Peru’spoliceviolentlyclashwithanti-TPPprotesters”,http://goo.gl/5NdpXJ;ElComercio,8August2016,“Villarreal:marchallegóaCongresoenmediodeenfrentamientos”,http://goo.gl/e8CzIl;DiarioUno,26January,“PidenjusticiaporheridosenprotestadePuentePiedra”,http://goo.gl/ZQwfhh.

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• Stopunwarrantedraidsoncivilsocietygroupsandunjustifiabledisruptionstoconferences, seminars and other activities organised by CSOs. Morespecifically,respecttheautonomyofindigenouscommunityorganisationsandpreventundueinterferencesandtheirinfiltrationbysecurityagents.

• Refrain from acts leading to the closure of CSOs or the suspension of theirpeaceful activities, and instead promote meaningful political dialogueencompassingandembracingdivergingviews,includingthoseofHRDs,CSOs,journalistsandpoliticalactivists.

• AmendSupremeDecree010-2003toremoveunduerestrictionsonfreedomofassociationincompliancewitharticles21and22ofICCPR,includingtherightof dismissed unionisedworkers tomaintain their unionmembership until afinaldecisionregardingtheirreinstatementhasbeenmade.

• Guarantee the effective and independent functioning of autonomous tradeunionsbyremovingunduelimitationsontherighttostrike.

6.2 Regardingtheprotectionofhumanrightsdefenders

• Establish a national protection mechanism to ensure that HRDs are able tocarry out their legitimate activitieswithout fear or undue hindrance or legaland administrative harassment, in accordance with resolution 27.31 of theHumanRightsCouncil.

• Conduct impartial, thorough and effective investigations into all cases ofattacks,harassment,andintimidationagainstHRDs,andbringperpetratorsofsuchoffencestojustice.

• Repeal laws and decrees that unwarrantedly restrict the legitimate work ofHRDs in line with the UN Declaration Human Rights Defenders. Specifically,Article200oftheCriminalCodeshouldbemodifiedsothatthetypifiedcrimeofextortionisnotmisappliedtoHRDsfortakingpartinsocialprotests.

• Ensure that judicial measures of preventive imprisonment are notunwarrantedly employed against HRDs exercising their rights to expression,assemblyandassociationinthecontextofsocialconflicts,therebysafeguardingtherightstopersonalfreedomanddueprocessenshrinedintheICCPR.

• Address violence and discrimination against indigenous HRDs by applyingappropriatetoolsandmechanismsformeaningfulgood-faithconsultationandparticipation of local communities regarding large-scale or high-impactdevelopment projects, and ensure participatory impact assessments andredressforanyharmcaused.Guaranteetheexerciseoftherighttoprior, freeandinformedconsentbyindigenouscommunities.

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• Seniorgovernmentofficialsshouldpubliclycondemn instancesofharassmentandintimidationofcivilsocietyactivistsandorganisations.

6.3 Regardingfreedomofexpression, independenceofthemediaandaccesstoinformation

• Ensure freedom of expression and media freedom by bringing nationallegislation into line with international standards, including article 19 of theICCPR.

• Reformdefamation legislationandprivacyprovisionstoensurethat theyarenot used to censor reporting on sensitive issues, including on the Internet.Morespecifically,reviewLegislativeDecreeNo.1129inordertoalignitwithbest practices and international standards in the area of freedom ofexpression.

• Ensure that journalists and writers may work freely and without fear ofretribution for expressing critical opinions or covering topics that thegovernmentmayfindsensitive.

• Guarantee the safety and physical integrity of journalists duringdemonstrations by training law enforcement officials and establishing policeprotocolsbasedonnon-violentprocedures.

• Takeadequatestepsto liftrestrictionsonfreedomofexpressionandadoptaframeworkfortheprotectionofjournalistsfrompersecution,intimidationandharassment.

• Develop an action plan ensuring that Internet laws comply with thegovernment’s commitment to guarantee freedom of expression andinformation,soastoensurefreeaccesstoelectronicmedia, loosenelectronicmediaownershiprulesandallownationalbloggers,journalists,otherInternetuserstoplayafullandactiveroleinpromotingandprotectinghumanrights.

• Guarantee unfettered access for all persons in Peru to domestic and foreignmediainformation,bothofflineandonline.

• Refrainfromcensoringsocialandconventionalmediaandensurethatfreedomofexpressionissafeguardedinallforms,includingthearts.

• Establish mechanisms to facilitate public access to information in line withbestpracticesavailable.

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6.4 Regardingfreedomofassembly

• Adoptbestpracticeson freedomofpeacefulassembly,asput forwardby theUNSpecialRapporteuron theRight toPeacefulAssemblyandAssociation inhis2012annualreport,whichcallsforsimplenotificationratherthanexplicitpermissiontoassemble.

• Bantheuseoflethalweaponsandtheinterventionofmilitaryforcestocontrolpublicdemonstrations,andabstainfromdeclaringastateofemergencybasedsolelyontheexistenceofpublicdemonstrations.

• Amend Legislative Decree No. 1095 in order to ban the intervention of themilitaryforcestodissolvedemonstrationsorpublicassemblies.

• Modifythe“requestforguarantees”procedureinordertofullyguaranteetherighttofreedomofassembly.

• Unconditionally and immediately release all demonstrators, journalists andHRDsdetainedforexercisingtheirrighttofreedomofpeacefulassembly,andreviewtheircasestopreventfurtherharassment.

• Immediately and impartially investigate all instances of extra-judicial killingand excessive force committed by security forces whilemonitoring protestsanddemonstrations.

• Repeal Article 20.11 of the Criminal Code that exempts military and policeofficerscausinginjuryordeathfromcriminalresponsibilityfortheiractions.

• Provide recourse for judicial review and effective remedy, includingcompensation,incasesofunlawfuldenialoftherighttofreedomofassemblybystateauthorities.

• Reviewand ifnecessaryupdateexistinghumanrights training forpoliceandsecurity forces with the assistance of independent CSOs to foster moreconsistent application of international human rights standards, including theUNBasicPrinciplesontheUseofForceandFirearms.

• Abstainfromprivatesecurityserviceagreementsbetweenpolicedepartmentsandcompanieswithinvestmentsindevelopmentprojectsthatareattherootofpublicprotestsandsocio-environmentalconflicts.

• Seniorgovernmentofficialsshouldpubliclycondemntheuseofexcessiveandlethal force by security forces in the dispersal of protests. A formalinvestigationintosuchinstancesshouldbelaunched,andperpetratorsshouldbebroughttojustice.

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6.5 RegardingaccesstoUNSpecialProceduresmandateholders

• The Government of Peru has extended a standing invitation to all UN SpecialProcedure mandate holders. Official visits should be prioritized with the: 1)SpecialRapporteuronthesituationofhumanrightsdefenders(scheduledforthesecondhalfof2017);2)SpecialRapporteurontherightstofreedomofpeacefulassembly and of association; 3) Special Rapporteur on the promotion andprotection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression; and 4) SpecialRapporteurontheIndependenceofJudgesandLawyers.

6.6RegardingStateengagementwithcivilsociety

• ImplementtransparentandinclusivemechanismsofpublicconsultationswithCSOsonallissuesmentionedaboveandenablemoreeffectiveinvolvementofcivilsocietyinthepreparationoflawandpolicy.

• IncludeCSOsintheUPRprocessbeforefinalizingandsubmittingthenationalreport.

• Systematically consultwith civil society andNGOs on the implementation ofUPR including by holding periodical comprehensive consultations with adiverserangeofcivilsocietysectors.

• IncorporatetheresultsofthisUPRintopublicpoliciesaimedatpromotingandprotectingallhumanrights,takingintoaccounttheproposalsofcivilsociety;andpresentamidtermevaluationreporttotheHumanRightsCouncilontheimplementationoftherecommendationsofthissession.

Assessmentofimplementationofcivicspacerecommendations:

Recommendation Position Fulllistofthemes Assessment/commentsonlevelofimplementation

Theme:A24Cooperationwithspecialprocedures

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117.5.OrganisevisitsoftheWorkingGrouponEnforcedorInvoluntaryDisappearances,theWorkingGrouponArbitraryDetentionandtheSpecialRapporteursontorture;freedomofpeacefulassemblyandassociation;andsaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography(Belarus)

Sourceofposition:A/HRC/22/15-Para.117

Supported A24Cooperationwithspecialprocedures

D33Arbitraryarrestanddetention

A28Cooperationwithotherinternationalmechanismsandinstitutions

D45Freedomofassociation

F33Children:protectionagainstexploitation

D44Righttopeacefulassembly

D32Enforceddisappearances

D25Prohibitionoftortureandcruel,inhumanordegradingtreatment

Affectedpersons:

-disappearedpersons

-general

-children

-personsdeprivedoftheirliberty

Status:Notimplemented

Source:2.1,2.2andss.

Theme:A54Awarenessraisinganddissemination

116.54.StrengthentrainingonhumanrightsforStatesecurityforcesandbodies(Spain)


Supported A54Awarenessraisinganddissemination

Affectedpersons:

-militarystaff

-lawenforcement/policeofficials


Source:5.5,5.6

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116.55.Thatallsecurityforcespersonnel,includingthepenitentiarypolice,receiveadequateandmandatorytrainingoninternationalhumanrightsstandards(Italy)


Supported A54Awarenessraisinganddissemination

Affectedpersons:

-militarystaff



Source:5.5,5.6

Theme:B51Righttoaneffectiveremedy

116.53.Takemeasurestoavoidhumanrightsabusesbythearmedforcesandnationalpolicepersonnelduringconflicts,includingbycomplyingwithinternationalnormsontheuseoflethalforce,ensuringthatenforcementpersonnelreceiverelevanttraining,andbyinvestigatingactsofviolenceinatimelymanner(Canada)


Supported B51Righttoaneffectiveremedy

D21Righttolife

D22Extrajudicial,summaryorarbitraryexecutions

A54Awarenessraisinganddissemination

Affectedpersons:

-personsaffectedbysocialconflict

-general


-militarystaff


Source:5.5,5.6

Theme:B6Business&HumanRights

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116.113.Involveindigenouspeoplesandpeasantcommunitiesintheimplementationandplanningofprojectsrelatedtotheextractivesector(Mexico)


Supported B6Business&HumanRights

E31Righttowork

G3Indigenouspeoples

Affectedpersons:

-Indigenouspeoples

Status:Partiallyimplemented

Source:3.7

Theme:D25Prohibitionoftortureandcruel,inhumanordegradingtreatment

116.34.Establishmechanisms,suchasadditionaltrainingandguidelinesforpoliceforces,aimedatpreventingsecurityforcesfromusingforceinanyexcessiveorunjustifiedmanner(Poland)


Supported D25Prohibitionoftortureandcruel,inhumanordegradingtreatment

A53Professionaltraininginhumanrights

Affectedpersons:

-general


Source:5.5,5.6

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116.35.TakeeffectivestepstoensurethatthePeruvianNationalPolice,armedforces,municipalsecurityofficers,andprisonguardsrefrainfromallcruelandinhumantreatmentofcitizensandprisoners(Norway)


Supported D25Prohibitionoftortureandcruel,inhumanordegradingtreatment

D26Conditionsofdetention

Affectedpersons:

-general

-personsdeprivedoftheirliberty


Source:5.5,5.6

Theme:D27Prohibitionofslavery,trafficking

116.42.Improvecoordinationontraffickinginpersons(TIP)investigations,increasefundingforTIPvictimservices,implementprogramstocombattheworstformsofchildlabourandforcedlabour,andeffectivelyenforcenationallabourlaws,includinglawsrelatedtofreedomofassociation(UnitedStatesofAmerica)


Supported D27Prohibitionofslavery,trafficking

D45Freedomofassociation

F33Children:protectionagainstexploitation

B51Righttoaneffectiveremedy

E33Tradeunionrights

B53Supporttovictimsandwitnesses

Affectedpersons:

-general

-children

-women


Source:2.5,3.8

Theme:D31Libertyandsecurity–general

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117.4.Implementmechanismsthatpermitthepreventionofsocialconflicts,particularlythroughintegratinghumanrightsintrainingforpoliceforces(France)


Supported D31Libertyandsecurity-general

A54Awarenessraisinganddissemination

Affectedpersons:



Source:5.5,5.6

Theme:D43Freedomofopinionandexpression

116.73.Considertakingthenecessarystepstoeliminateanylegalprovisionsthatmaybeviewedaslimitingfreedomofexpression(Poland)


Supported D43Freedomofopinionandexpression

A41Constitutionalandlegislativeframework

Affectedpersons:

-general


Source:4.2,4.3,4.4

119.5.Repealcriminaldefamationlawsinordertocombatreprisalsagainstthejournalistsandhumanrightsdefenders(Netherlands)

Sourceofposition:A/HRC/22/15/Add.1

Noted D43Freedomofopinionandexpression

H1Humanrightsdefenders

A41Constitutionalandlegislativeframework

Affectedpersons:

-humanrightsdefenders

-media


Source:4.2,4.3,4.4

Theme:E31Righttowork

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116.112.TakethenecessarystepsincooperationwiththeILOtoensureaninclusiveconsultationprocesswithindigenouspeoplesaimingatamoreeffectiveimplementationoftherelevantlegislation(Hungary)


Supported E31Righttowork

G3Indigenouspeoples

Affectedpersons:

-Indigenouspeoples


Source:3.7

Theme:G3Indigenouspeoples

116.111.Ensurethatthenewlegislationof‘ConsultaPrevia’iseffectivelyimplementedinordertoprotecttherightsoftheindigenouspopulation(Germany)


Supported G3Indigenouspeoples

Affectedpersons:

-Indigenouspeoples


Source:3.7

Theme:H1Humanrightsdefenders

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116.74.Engageconstructivelywithhumanrightsdefendersinseekingsolutionstoaddresshumanrightsproblems(Netherlands)


Supported H1Humanrightsdefenders

A61Cooperationwithcivilsociety

Affectedpersons:



Source:3.3,3.4,3.6

116.72.Continueeffortstoprotecthumanrightsdefendersfromthreatsandintimidationtoensuretheycanperformtheirfunctionsproperly(Australia)


Supported H1Humanrightsdefenders

D31Libertyandsecurity-general

Affectedpersons:



Source:3.6

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