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Madrid, 26 de mayo 2015
JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE (JRC)
Almudena Agüero Punto Nacional de Contacto del Joint Research Centre
Subdirección General de Relaciones Internacionales y con Europa MINECO-SEIDI
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
Nota: JRC ha sido el proveedor de la información de esta presentación
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
The JRC in the European Commission
President
Jean-Claude Juncker
27 Commission Members
4 17 June 2015 JRC is the in-house science service of the European
Commission
Joint Research Centre
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DIRECTORATES GENERAL
DIRECTORATES INSTITUTES
UNITS SCIENTIFIC UNITS
European Reference
Laboratories, Centres & Bureaus
JRC
17 June 2015
JRC Institutes
• IRMM – Geel, Belgium
Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
• ITU – Karlsruhe, Germany, and Ispra, Italy
Institute for Transuranium Elements
• IET – Petten, The Netherlands, and Ispra, Italy
Institute for Energy and Transport
• IPSC – Ispra, Italy
Institute for the Protection and Security of the
Citizen
• IES – Ispra, Italy
Institute for Environment and Sustainability
• IHCP – Ispra, Italy
Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
• IPTS – Seville, Spain
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
• Established 1957
• 7 institutes in 6 locations in 5 EU Member States
• 3027 staff in June 2014
• Budget: €393 million annually, plus €73 million earned income
• Excellence mapping of JRC activities. 1370 scientific
publications in 2014
JRC at a glance
•Up to 3% belong to the top 1% most cited publications
•Up to 23% belong to the top 10% most cited publications
•In many scientific areas, the JRC scores similarly to the range of the Top-15 organisations
•JRC co-authored publications with 87% of the Top-100 ranked universities
•JRC has formal agreements with almost half of the universities in the Top-100 rankings
As the Commission's in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre's mission is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new methods, tools and standards, and sharing its know-how with the Member States, the scientific community and international partners.
The Mission of the Joint Research Centre
7 17 June 2015
Cooperation and support to Member States
and Associated Countries is central in JRC's
mandate
• Horizon 2020: objectives for non-nuclear work
• nuclear work funded by the EURATOM Research
and Training Programme
• scientific and technical support throughout the
policy-making cycle
8
Overall Objectives (1/2)
• Independence from private or national interests
combined with scientific-technical reference role
enables consensus building between stakeholders
and policy makers
• Support ERA: research networking, training,
opening facilities and databases to users in
Member States and in Associated Countries
• Promote integration of new Member States and
Associated Countries: dedicated training courses
on the scientific-technical basis of the body of
Union law
9
Overall Objectives (2/2)
10
Connections at political level
JRC
Council
- Presidency
- Scientific Attachés
Permanent Representations to EU
Regional authorities
European Parliament
national Ministries
11
Presidency of the Council of the EU
• The Presidency rotates among EU Member States
every 6 months
• Presidency chairs meetings at every level in the
Council to ensure continuity of EU's work
• JRC's support to Latvian Presidency (1 January-30 June 2015)
— Smart specialization event (12-13 February, Riga)
— Council Research Working Party's visit of JRC-Ispra (26-27 March)
— JRC-IHCP speaker - European Consumer Protection Conference (23-24 April , Riga)
— DG JRC's side event "Putting the Science into Standards" - European
Standardization Summit (3 June, Riga)
— Invitation of Latvian delegates - European Biomass Conference and Exhibition (1-4
June, Vienna)
12
Connections at scientific level
JRC
Academia
Research & Technology
organisations (RTOs)
Individual researchers
Industry/ Private
companies
National research
institutions
13
Different modalities of cooperation
• Joint research
• Joint publications
• Access to JRC infrastructure
• Exchange of information and
data
• Exchange of personnel
• Joint conferences and events
• Ad hoc requests…etc.
But no transfer of money.
• Collaboration Agreements, Memoranda of
Understanding, Letters of Intent
e.g. joint research, information sharing and personnel
exchange
• Scientific networks
e.g. methods and measurements
harmonisation/validation, common standards
definition: support to EU legislation implementation
• Competitive Activities
e.g. work carried out at JRC facilities, access to the
JRC’s infrastructure.
Different types of partnership agreements
15
Useful Information
JRC Science Hub
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/
Collaborations per country (country leaflets)
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/working-with-us/collaboration-member-states
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
Science for a healthier life
Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Chemical Assessment and Testing
Systems
Toxicology Public Health Policy Support
Nano-Biosciences
Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Director: K. Maruszewski
Molecular Biology and Genomics
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
M. P. Aguar Fernandez
C. Nicholl
J. Kreysa
M. Whelan
H. Stamm
Our challenges:
• Helping to achieve the highest level of protection of human health in relation to the safety of food
and consumer products.
• Contributing to enabling safe industrial innovation, particularly in the health sector and including ab-
initio safety considerations.
• Resolving the heterogeneity of health registries and information systems across Europe.
• Reducing disparity of healthcare quality and outcomes across Europe.
• Promoting disease prevention and counter environmental and behavioural factors which can
augment the disease burden.
Competencies and Staff Competence in the area of life sciences, especially:
• Analytical chemistry
• Biology
• Material Sciences
• Molecular Biology
• Nanobiosciences
IHCP Staff (January 2015) 261 Staff Members (52% female / 48% male) of which:
• 56 % are permanent statutory (AST/AD officials)
• 10 % are temporary statutory (contractual agents)
• 34 % are non-statutory (grantholders, trainees, SNEs)
• Risk Assessment and Toxicology
• Nutrition and Public Health
• Computational Toxicology
• Behavioural Sciences
• Data Management
22 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Facilities
State-of-the-art laboratories for analytical chemistry, toxicology,
nanobiosciences and molecular biology
23 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
● Alternatives to Animal Testing
● Food and Consumer Products
● Genetically Modified Organisms
● Public Health
● Nanotechnology
Policy Support Areas
24 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
● Chemicals (including mixtures),
nanomaterials, endocrine disrupters, dietary substances
● Integrated risk assessment
methodologies
● Exposure assessment
Risk and benefit assessment
25 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
● Detection and Quantification in Food
and Consumer Products of:
● Chemicals and other contaminants
● Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
● Nanomaterials
● Toxicity Testing of chemicals and
nanomaterials with a strong focus on
alternative-to-animal testing methods
Development and Validation of Sampling Protocols and Analytical Tools for:
26 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Reference Centres and Bureaus hosted by JRC-IHCP
• EURL FCM - European Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials
• EURL GMFF - European Union Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed
• EURL ECVAM - European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to
Animal Testing
27 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
● Coordination of National Reference Laboratories
● Analytical controls are harmonised throughout Europe
● Standardised methods delivering robust analytical results
● Better implementation of legal limits
● Reduced number of analyses in EU Member States
● Safe food and consumer products for European consumers
● Reducing number of animal tests by supporting Replacement, Reduction, Refinement ("3R")
Impact of EU Reference Laboratories
28 17 June 2015
● Databases
• Alternatives to animal testing methods (DB-ALM)
• Nanomaterials (JRC Nanohub)
• JRC (QSAR) Model Database
• European Cancer Information
System (in preparation)
● Material banks
• Food contact materials
• JRC Repository of Representative Nanomaterials
Establishment and Hosting of Databanks and Repositories
29 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Policy Area: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
30 17 June 2015
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- EU Reference Laboratory for GMOs - Capacity building - Impact: ● Supporting EU legislation on GM food and feed and on official controls ● JRC is an important partner in international fora on GMO analysis
31 17 June 2015
- EU Reference Laboratory ECVAM - Research towards next-generation toxicity testing - Impact: ● JRC is a key actor in OECD harmonisation and standardisation activities ● Supporting EU legislation on cosmetics, chemicals (REACH), consumer products, food ● Supporting EU strategy on endocrine disrupting substances and chemical mixtures
Policy Area: Alternatives to Animal Testing
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Policy Area: Nanotechnology
32 17 June 2015
- Nanomaterials in consumer products - Safety assessment of nanomaterials - Impact: ● Providing scientific support and implementation tools to regulators ● Supporting EU legislation on chemicals (REACH), cosmetics, food and consumer products ● JRC is an important partner in OECD, ISO and CEN activities and in EU research projects
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Policy Area: Food and Consumer Products
33 17 June 2015
- EU Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials - Food and consumer products - Impact:
● Supporting EU legislation on cosmetics, official food control, food contact materials ● Active in international harmonisation and standardisation fora, such as OECD and International Cooperation of Cosmetics Regulators
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Policy Area: Public Health
34 17 June 2015
- Improving cancer care in Europe - Nutrition, health and environment - Impact:
● Supporting EU legislation on public health and consumer protection ● JRC is a partner of international organisations such as WHO, IARC, nutrition platforms
JRC - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
OVERVIEW OF ACCESS TO JRC
INFRASTRUCTURES
Opening up access…
Opening up access to JRCs RIs is recognized by the JRC Board of Governors and the Director General as being very important for the JRC:
• The JRC has unique (large scale) Research Infrastructures (RI)
• There is considerable demand by European researchers and industry to access the JRC RIs (FP Programs, Industry)
• The JRC can offer its expertise in key areas of research in line with the Junker's Priorities for the EU
• The large RIs of the JRC offer possibilities of demonstration projects facilitating the transfer of knowledge and innovation from research to industry
37
• Role of JRC and RIs in drafting of European Guidelines
Standardisation
• The JRC is strategically positioned for promoting collaboration at EU and international level
• Key role in the Dissemination of knowledge of research results: databases, PUBSY (open access)
• JRC RIs provide access to training
A JRC Working Group was set-up in 2014 to:
• Discuss concrete possibilities and modalities of cooperation between JRC and ESFRI (European Strategy for Research Infrastructures)
• Develop Guidelines for best practice in Managing Large Scale RIs
38
Collaboration with ESFRI
The association of the JRC to an ESFRI project gives recognition of being part of a network of pan-European interest
39 17 June 2015
Preparatory
(Roadmap)
Construction
(Implementation)
Operation
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Coordinated access at EU Level
European Strategies for Research
Infrastructures
Inclusiveness. Access to JRC scientific facilities
Pilot Projects for Opening up
Access • Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Institute of Environment and Sustainability
• European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
• Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA) and Van de Graaff Generator (VdG)* (EUFRAT Project) Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements
Association to the ESFRI Roadmap:
Memorandum of Understanding or Framework Arrangement
Resources to deliver the full range of services expected by ESFRI
41 17 June 2015
Setting up a Legal Framework for Opening up Access of JRC RIs
Based on the Charter of Access developed by DG RTD
Non-binding common standards and harmonized access rules and conditions for the use of RIs
Considers issues of:
• Access policy
• Research data management
• Intellectual Property, Dissemination
• Education and training
• Health, safety, security and environment
• Rules for entry and stay of visitors at the JRC sites
42 17 June 2015
USER
AGREEMENT
Modes of Access
Excellence-driven (physical) • Calls for proposal, selection process
• Institutional resources JRC Annual Work Program
• Funding scheme for Travel & Subsistence of users visiting the JRC
Market-driven (physical) • Acceptance criteria
• Competitive resources
Wide access (digital) • Scientific data and digital services
• Intellectual Property and security issues
43 17 June 2015
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
European Forum for Science and Industry
Support to Standardisation (ex. Reference Materials and Measurements, Eurocodes)
European IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Bureau - BAT reference documents (BREFs)
European Solar Test Installation Laboratory (ESTI), Ispra
European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA), Ispra
Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (VELA), Ispra
European Union Reference Laboratory
for alternatives to animal testing
(EURL ECVAM)
TTO Circle
The EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard
Scientific support to industry
46
47
European Forum for Science and Industry: a platform for permanent exchange between science and industry, strengthening the dialogue and cooperation with European industry in key sectors for European competitiveness in a regular and structured way
- examines themes of key importance to European industry and is open to interested stakeholders
- aims to reinforce the link between science and industry by providing a platform for dynamic discussion, by integrating different perspectives of an issue and by giving a voice to stakeholders from science and industry, while also involving policy-makers
over 1500 members from public institutions, private companies, the scientific community, European associations, Universities, industrial organisations and related networks
Members
48
49
Through its various tools, the Forum itself is an important tool contributing to strengthening the European competitiveness, stimulating economic growth and job creation.
• Initiatives
• Roundtables in Brussels, also in Member States
• Newsletter
• Other industry related initiatives,
bilateral meetings with high-level stakeholders and technical meetings
Tools
50
providing a framework for science to address the needs of industry in a more structured way
Tools: Initiatives
EU Growth and Jobs: efficient buildings, vehicles and equipment
- launching Conference, 26 March 2013 - Round Table on Scientific Support to
energy efficient buildings
Eco-Industries
- launching Conference, 15 May 2012 - JRC high-level meeting: Building a
Transatlantic Scientific Bridge on Eco-Industries, 26 September 2013
51
addressing issues of key importance to European industry; such events aim to contribute to reinforcing the link between science and industry in support of industry by providing a platform for dynamic discussion, integrating different perspectives of an issue and giving voice to stakeholders from science and industry, but also involving policy-makers
Topics from past Roundtables include Standardisation, Key Enabling Technologies and Innovative SMEs, Energy and Climate change, Health, Energy efficient buildings, Quantum Technologies, JRC – Universities, Financial Stability, Refining, Nuclear decommissioning
Tools: Roundtables
Digital privacy: citizens' rights in the light of new technologies and commercial needs Brussels, 28 January 2015
Scientific support to Europe’s photovoltaic
manufacturing industry Brussels, 27 January 2015
52
Published at least once a month, the EFSI newsletter includes information on JRC activities related to industry needs, updates on science and industry related work from both the JRC and its partners as well as announcements of upcoming events.
Forum members are encouraged to contribute to this publication with an editorial on a study, an innovative idea or an event announcement
Tools: Newsletter
53
Useful links:
European Forum for Science and Industry on the JRC Science Hub:
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/efsi
To become a member and subscribe to the EFSI newsletter:
-
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
JRC in Figures
Brussels:
Headquarters & Directorate General Policy Support Coordination
Directorate Resources Directorate
7 Scientific Institutes in 5 Member States (Italy, Belgium, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands)
2968 staff
Officials AD, 879
Officials AST; 947
Contract Staff, 389
Grantholders, 753
Permanent officials
•https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/working-with-us/jobs/permanent-positions
Administrators (AD): drafting policies, managing scientific research programme, etc.
Assistants (AST): executive and technical role in e.g. administrative, financial, research implementation
Assistants/Secretary Clerk (AST/SC)
Selection organised through open competitions by the European Personnel Selection Office (EPSO) http://europa.eu/epso/index_en.htm
Temporary posts https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/working-with-us/jobs/temporary-positions
Contract staff members
Grantholders
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grantholders
Temporary Agents
Seconded National Experts
Trainees
Unpaid Visiting Scientists
Invited Persons
Contract Staff members
Four Function Groups:
FG I: Manual and administrative support tasks FG II: Clerical secretarial tasks FG III: Executive tasks FG IV: Administrative, advisory or other scientific/technical tasks
For FGII-IV contracts up to the maximum of 6 years For FG I an indeterminate contract can be offered
Selection through open calls organized by EPSO or through dedicated calls for expression
of interest (e.g. http://ec.europa.eu/civil_service/job/index_en.htm)
A new call for researchers in FG IV has been recently launched by the JRC:
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/working-with-us/jobs/vacancies/function-group-IV-researchers
Grantholders
Ph.D. students
Experienced scientists (i.e. at least 10 years of experience at post-doc level)
Can be of any nationality (a derogation from the DG
must be granted for recruitment of Third Country Nationals)
Contracts under the national employment law of the site where the JRC Institute is based:
For Ph.D. students contracts from 12 to 36 months
For experienced scientists contracts from 3 to 24 months
Grantholders are recruited through open calls published on the JRC’s External Staff Recruitment Application (ESRA) http://recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grantholders http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/doc/call/h2020/h2020-msca-if-2014/1600147-
guide_for_applicants_if_2014_en.pdf
Individual Fellowships
Ph.D. students or researchers with at least 4 years of research experience
Compliance with the mobility rule
Contracts under the national employment law of the site where the JRC Institute is based for a duration of 12-24 months
Proposals must be submitted to the MSCA Participant Portal http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal
Specialists dealing with scientific/technical tasks selected through open competitions organized by EPSO
Typically, the contract is awarded for an initial period of 4 years and may be renewed not more than once for a period of 2 years
Temporary Agents
Seconded National Experts
Staff employed by a national, regional or local public administration or an IGO who are working temporarily for the European Commission
SNEs remain in the service of their national employer throughout the period of secondment
The SNE’s employer shall continue to pay their salary and maintain their administrative status throughout the period of secondment
Typically, the secondment may not be less than 6 months or more than 2 years. It may be renewed up to a maximum total of 4 years.
JRC Trainees
Enable students or recent graduates to practise what they have acquired during their studies
Two types of traineeships at JRC:
training related to the preparation of a degree thesis
training after university education
Trainees are selected through open calls published on the JRC’s External Staff Recruitment Application (ESRA) http://recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Duration ranges from 3 to 5 months
Unpaid Visiting Scientist (UVS)
JRC can host scientists from a scientific public body, university, organisation, institute or private company conducting research
An agreement is signed between the sending organisation, the UVS and the JRC
The agreement does not create in any way an employment relationship between the JRC and the UVS
No transfer of money between the parties in connection with the agreement
Duration ranging from 1 to 12 months
Invited Person
Collaboration Agreements provide a legal framework for cooperation between the JRC and other organisations, in particular research institutes, and allow also for the possibility of exchange personnel
Similarly as for UVS invitation of a person to the JRC must be in the framework of scientific and technological collaboration without exchange of funds
The duration of an invitation cannot normally exceed 12 months. Extensions are possible.
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
http://eshorizonte2020.es/que-es-horizonte-2020/horizonte-2020-en-espana/puntos-nacionales-de-contacto
Para la Comunidad Investigadora
Organizar actividades de información y difusión, enfocadas
a las oportunidades de colaboración con el JRC
Asesorar en los procedimientos para colaborar con el JRC.
En su caso, organizar cursos y seminarios de formación para
grupos específicos (PYME, universidades, organizaciones
empresariales, etc)
Diseminar información y noticias sobre los eventos del JRC.
Para el JRC
Apoyo en la organización de eventos nacionales
Proporcionar información que nos solicitan
Punto Nacional de Contacto del JRC
Seminario conjunto Centros Españoles-JRC
Notes on session 2 (Health, Food and Agriculture)
This session gathered over 30 participants, including representation
from 4 JRC institutes and 10 different Spanish centres. Tough some
punctual contacts in the area have taken place, it was recognised
that these are areas of common interest with a lot of potential for
synergies and cooperation.
It was agreed also that the domains are too wide and that better
identifying more detailed areas (as described below) would enhance
the effectiveness of follow-up actions. Some narrower areas to be
explored for possible cooperation (divided into specific and
transversal topics) are listed below.
Some discussion was also held around the possible mechanisms of
cooperation, and a few suggestions are included in this note
What?
Specific Topics
Health Sciences & technologies including areas such as genomics, medical devices & IVD,
biomarkers, sensors, nanomedicine etc..;
Public Health Challenges – Cancer, rare diseases, healthy ageing and integration of clinical and
basic research;
Neurosciences and Behavioural Sciences (including prevention);
Transversal Topics
Dissemination/communication towards policy making: exchange of best practices/experiences
in translating and feeding science into useful policy advice;
Handling of massive information, big data, interoperability of systems, ethical issues,
accessibility, harmonization;
E&I Capacity Building: sharing expertise, experience and networking possibilities for research
cooperation beyond EU-MS (accession and neighbouring countries)
Índice
1. Información general del JRC
2. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores (IHCP)
3. Acceso a las infraestructuras
4. El foro europeo para la ciencia y la industria
5. Oportunidades de acceso y empleo
6. El Papel de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto
7. Conclusiones
1. El JRC es el servicio de investigación de la Comisión Europea para apoyo a sus políticas, es independiente de los EEMM y PA.
2. Conviene colaborar con investigadores del JRC porque investigan para dar servicio a las políticas de la Unión y conocen las estrategias que se implementarán a través de las convocatorias de H2020.
3. El Instituto de la Salud y Protección de los Consumidores realiza actividades de investigación punteras y además se interrelaciona con otras áreas del JRC
4. El acceso a las infraestructuras de alto nivel se fomenta en el marco de las actividades del JRC y las necesidades de otros agentes.
5. El Foro Europeo para la Ciencia y la Industria es una buena oportunidad para colaborar con el JRC a la vez que con la industria
6. Las oportunidades de acceso para desarrollar una labor científica en el JRC son muchas y conviene explorarlas
7. El papel de los NCP es informar sobre cualquier aspecto a los interesados nacionales en el JRC, es fundamentalmente un papel institucional
Conclusiones
…, muchas gracias por su atención