JOINT PUB 4-01.3

JOINT TACTICS,TECHNIQUES, ANDPROCEDURES FOR

MOVEMENT CONTROL

26 January 1994

A large body of joint doctrine (and its supporting tactics, techniques,and procedures) has been and is being developed by the US Armed Forcesthrough the combined efforts of the Joint Staff, Services, and combatantcommands. The following chart displays an overview of the developmentprocess for these publications.

MAKING A JOINT PUB

PROJECTPROPOSAL

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All joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organizedinto a comprehensive hierarchy. Joint Pub 3–04 .1 is located in theoperations series of joint publications .

Joint Pub 1–01, "Joint Publication System, " provides a detailed list ofall joint publications. Joint pubs are also available on CD–ROM throughthe Joint Electronic Library (JEL) . For information, contact : JointDoctrine Division, J-7, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon Washington, D. C.20318–7000 .

Reply ZIP Code: Joint Pub 4-01.320318-0300 26 January 1994

MEMORANDUM FOR: Distribution List

Subject: Joint Pub 4-01.3, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures for Movement Control"

1. This publication has been prepared under the direction of theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrineand military guidance to govern the joint activities andperformance of the Armed Forces of the United States.

2. Recommendations for changes to this publication should besubmitted to the Director for Operational Plans andInteroperability (J-7), 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon, Washington, D.C.20318-7000.

3. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to theChairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff that would change sourcedocument information reflected in this publication, thatdirectorate will include a proposed change to this publication asan enclosure to its proposal.

4. The Military Services and other organizations are requestedto notify the Director, J-7, Joint Staff, when changes to sourcedocuments reflected in this publication are initiated.

5. Additional copies of this publication can be obtained throughService publication centers.

6. Local reproduction is authorized and access to unclassifiedpublications is unrestricted. However, access to andreproduction authorization for classified joint publications mustbe in accordance with DOD Regulation 5200.1-R.

7. Only approved pubs and test pubs are releasable outside thecombatant commands, Services, and Joint Staff. Release of anyjoint publication to foreign governments or foreign nationalsmust be requested through the local embassy (Defense AttacheOffice) to DIA Foreign Liaison Branch, C-ASI, Room 1A674,Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20301-6111.

8. The lead agent for this publication is the US Army.

9. The Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is theDirector for Logistics (J-4).

For the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff:

T. R. PATRICKColonel, USASecretary, Joint Staff

Enclosure

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

Distribution:

By Secretary, Joint Staff:

Joint Staff OSD NSA CIA JWFC USELEMNORADFEMA DISA DIA DLA DMA DNANDU MCCDC JEWC AFSC JDC DISA-JIEOCIO

Additional copies may be obtained from the Secretary, JointStaff (Documents Division).

Five copies each to: Offices of CSA, CNO, CSAF, CMC, USCG

Twenty-five copies each to:

USACOM USCENTCOM USEUCOMUSPACOM USSOUTHCOM USSPACECOMUSSOCOM USSTRATCOM USTRANSCOM

Additional copies should be obtained from the MilitaryService assigned administrative support responsibility byDOD Directive 5100.3, 1 November 1988, "Support of theHeadquarters of Unified, Specified, and Subordinate JointCommands."

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

JOINT TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FORMOVEMENT CONTROL

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In accordance with the procedures contained in Joint Pub 1-01,change recommendations to this publication will be forwarded to:

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

The following is a list of effective pages. Use this list toverify the currency and completeness of your document. An "O"indicates a page in the original document.

PAGE CHANGE PAGE CHANGEi thru vi O A-1 thru A-4 OI-1 thru I-8 O B-1 thru B-2 OII-1 thru II-8 O C-1 thru C-4 OIII-1 thru III-10 O GL-1 thru GL-8 O

Deleted pages: None.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

JOINT TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURESFOR MOVEMENT CONTROL

PREFACE

1. Purpose. This publication sets forth doctrine and selectedtactics, techniques, and procedures to govern the jointactivities of the Armed Forces of the United States. It providesmilitary guidance for the exercise of authority by combatantcommanders and prescribes doctrine and selected tactics,techniques, and procedures for joint operations. It providesmilitary guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing theirappropriate plans.

2. Application

a. Doctrine and guidance established in this publicationapply to the commanders of combatant commands, subordinateunified commands, JTFs, and subordinate components of thesecommands. These principles and guidance also may apply whensignificant forces of one Service are attached to forces ofanother Service, or when significant forces of one Servicesupport forces of another Service.

b. In applying the doctrine set forth in this publication,care must be taken to distinguish between distinct butrelated responsibilities in the two channels of authority toforces assigned to combatant commands. The MilitaryDepartments and Services recruit, organize, train, equip,and provide forces for assignment to the combatant commandsand administer and support these forces. Commanders of theunified commands exercise Combatant Command (commandauthority) over these assigned forces. Service componentcommanders are responsible both to joint force commanders inthe operational chain of command and to the MilitaryDepartments and Services in the chain of command for mattersthat the joint force commander has not been assignedauthority.

c. This publication is authoritative but not directive.Commanders will exercise judgement in applying theprocedures herein to accomplish their missions. Thisdoctrine should be followed, except when, in the judgementof the commander, exceptional circumstances dictateotherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of thispublication and the contents of Service publications, thispublication will take precedence for activities of jointforces unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,normally in consultation with other members of the JointChiefs of Staff, has provided mor

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current and specific guidance.

3. Scope. The JTTP in this publication covers the integration,management, and utilization of common-user air, sea, and landtransportation. Its focus is at the supported combatant commandlevel.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

JOINT TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURESFOR MOVEMENT CONTROL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I MOVEMENT CONTROL OVERVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1Introductio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1Theater Logistic Concep t . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3Movement Contro l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3Concept of Movement Control . . . . . . . . . . . I-4Principles of Movement Contro l . . . . . . . . . . I-4Functions of Joint Movement Control . . . . . . . I-6

II STRATEGIC MOVEMENT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1Defense Transportation System . . . . . . . . . . II-1Joint Operation Planning and

Execution Syste m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1Global Transportation Network . . . . . . . . . . II-1Strategic Movement Control Proces s . . . . . . . . II-2Responsibilities of USTRANSCO M . . . . . . . . . . II-5Responsibilities of a Supporting

Theater Combatant Commander . . . . . . . . . . II-6Responsibilities of the Supported Theater

Combatant Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-6Strategic and Theater Interface . . . . . . . II-6

III THEATER MOVEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM. . . . . . . . III-1

Introductio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1Theater Movement Control Organization . . . . . III-1Theater Movement Control System . . . . . . . . III-3Transportation Request Proces s . . . . . . . . . III-5Component Movement Capabilities and

Organizatio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-6Other Theater Movement

Control Consideration s . . . . . . . . . . . III-9

APPENDIX

A Joint Movement Center Organizatio n . . . . . . . A-1B Joint and Service Publication References . . . . . . B-1C Users Evaluation Report . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

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Glossary

Part I--Abbreviations and Acronym s . . . . . . . . GL-1Part II--Terms and Definition s . . . . . . . . . . GL-3

FIGURE

I-1 Deployment Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-2II-1 The Strategic Transportation Flow . . . . . II-2II-2 Command Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . II-8

III-1 Suggested JMC Organization . . . . . . . . III-3

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

CHAPTER I

MOVEMENT CONTROL OVERVIEW

1. Purpose. This chapter contains an overview of joint movementcontrol. It establishes how important a well-defined, integratedtransportation system is to successful tactical operations andpresents the five phases of force deployment. This chapterdescribes the theater logistic concept and the two methods,dominant user or most capable service, commonly used forimplementing the movement control support. It defines movementcontrol, and also describes how joint movement control, receptionmethodology, and terminal operations work in unison to produce anefficient, effective transportation system. This chapterconcludes with four principles and six functions of movementcontrol.

2. Introduction

a. The employment of military forces and combat powerdecides the outcome of campaigns and operations. The successof these forces often depends on sound, timely deployment andsupport. A well-defined, integrated transportation system isa critical part of this support. It provides time and placeutility for units and sustainment. Inadequate control oflogistic movement results in waste, reduced efficiency, andloss of potential combat power.

b. The three elements of a transportation system are modeoperations (surface, water, air), terminal operations, andmovement control. Movement control is the most criticalcomponent of the system. It must coordinate thetransportation assets of all modes, terminals, Services,commands, and host nations during deployment, sustainment,and redeployment.

c. Force deployments occur in five phases. The phases arepredeployment, movement to a port of embarkation (POE),strategic movement, in-theater reception at a port of debarkation(POD), and theater onward movement. Figure I-1 showsthis process, using CONUS as the origin. In general,predeployment activities are a Service responsibility andmovement to a POE within CONUS is shared between the Servicesand United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM).Commercial movement to a POE within CONUS is arranged byUSTRANSCOM’s Military Traffic Management Command (MTMC).Additionally, USTRANSCOM executes the strategic movement tothe theater. The last two phases, in-theater reception andonward movement, are the responsibility of the supportedtheater combatant commander.

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Figure I-1. Deployment Phases

d. The transportation system also encompasses patient and enemy prisoners of war evacuations, noncombatant evacuation operations, and force redeployment. Redeployments can take twice as long as deployments, and planners must address them early in an operation. The transportation system must be capable of moving joint forces by multiple modes. It must move forces over long distances and through an array of different types of terminals. It must accomplish all this while adhering to the timetable of the supported joint force commander (JFC).

e. The complexity of the transportation system requires that both the providers and users develop integrated, executable movement plans. An effective interface between the strategic and theater movement systems is crucial. The supported combatant commander and USCINCTRANS, along with other supporting combatant commanders, are responsible for

Joint Pub 4-01.3

establishing that interface.

3. Theater Logistic Concept.

a. DOD Directive 5100.1, "Functions of the Department ofDefense and Its Major Components," states that each Servicewill provide its own logistic support. However, title 10,USC, as amended by the DOD Reorganization Act of 1986, statestheater combatant commanders have directive authority overlogistics within their AOR. This authority ensures theeffective execution of operation plans. Theater combatantcommanders are also responsible for tailoring their logisticoperations to provide an economy of force by eliminatingunnecessary duplications among the Service components.Supporting commands, Services, and Defense agencies mustsource and support the movement of logistic requirements tomeet the theater combatant commander’s strategic andoperational objectives.

b. Theater combatant commanders have many options whenestablishing their transportation systems. They may use uni-Service, cross-servicing, common-servicing, or joint-servicing support arrangements. Based on the type of Servicesupport agreement, the theater combatant commander assignslogistic responsibilities. They may use either the dominant-user or the most-capable-Service concept. Regardless of themethod, it should allow the components to use the common-usersystem for requirements that exceed organic capabilities.When implementing a concept, the theater combatant commandershould plan for contingencies that would require a differentarrangement.

(1) Dominant User Concept. The theater combatantcommander assigns the Service component which is theprinciple consumer responsibility for providing orcoordinating logistic support to the other Servicescomponents in the theater or designated area.

(2) Most-Capable-Service Concept. The theater combatantcommander assigns responsibilities to the Servicecomponent most capable of performing the mission.Usually, the most-capable-Service arrangement is the mostefficient and flexible.

4. Movement Control. Movement control is the planning, routing,scheduling, and controlling of common-user assets, andmaintaining of in-transit visibility to assist commanders andoperations staffs in force tracking. It also includes receptionand onward movement of personnel, equipment, and supplies overlines of communications in accordance with command directives and

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responsibilities. Movement control is a system involving thecoordination and integration of movement information and programsspanning all levels of operations.

5. Concept of Movement Control. Movement control coordinatestransportation resources to enhance combat effectiveness and meetthe priorities of the supported combatant commander. Efficienttransportation in a theater involves establishing effectiveorganization and control procedures. It also involves movementand resource management.

a. Organization for Movement Control. The theater combatantcommander has a wide range of options for performing movementcontrol. These options include directing subordinate JFC andService components to perform their own movement control, orcreating a fully integrated joint organization. Regardless,the theater combatant commander should task organize themovement control functions commensurate with the mission,size, and geography of the area of operations.

b. Command Authority and Organization. Normally, thetheater combatant commander (1) delegates OPCON of thevarious parts of the transportation system to the most-capable-Service components and (2) monitors the entireoperation and retains the authority to set priorities andapportion resources. To exercise this authority, heestablishes a Joint Transportation Board (JTB), a JointMovement Center (JMC), or both. In addition, he may assignthe responsibility to a staff element, normally the command’ssenior logistic staff officer.

c. Resource Management. In relation to movement control,effective resource management requires the establishment andmaintenance of a flow of resources through the transporationsystem that permits efficient utilization of user andtransportation resources and capabilities. Maximumthroughput at all transportation route segments, ports, andnodes, along with timely deliveries, are key measures ofsuccess in this effort. For the mode, terminal, and facilityoperator functions resource management pertains to theefficient employment of personnel, materiel, and facilities.

6. Principles of Movement Control. Five movement controlprinciples form the foundation for management of all transportationoperations. They are centralized control and decentralizedexecution, fluid and flexible movements, regulated movements,maximized use of delivery capability, and forward support.

a. Centralized Control and Decentralized Execution.USCINCTRANS and the theater combatant commander controlmovement planning and resource allocation. Using the most-capable-Service concept, the theater combatant commander

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

usually delegates OPCON of movements to the Service componentthat has the required assets or capabilities to fulfill themission. This delegation of authority achieves twoobjectives: it satisfies requirements at the lowest levelpossible, and it frees the theater combatant commander tofocus on theater-wide critical issues.

b. Fluid and Flexible Movements. The transportation systemmust provide an uninterrupted flow of supplies. It must alsobe flexible enough to change with mission modifications. Thekey to successful execution is the ability to regulate andmanage the transportation system.

c. Regulated Movements. Movement control authorities mustregulate moves to prevent terminal congestion and schedulingconflicts between Service components. Proper management oftransportation assets and the transportation network iscritical. Advances in technology have increased both thecapability and requirement to regulate movements. Highlymobile forces, longer distances, increased consumption rates,and shared LOCs are a few of the new challenges.

d. Maximized Use of Carrying Capacity. Transportation is alimited asset. As such, planners must understand when to usea specific mode of transport and when to maximize the use ofeach mode’s unique capabilities. This does not mean simplyloading each mode to its capacity. It means thesimultaneous, synergistic use of all transportation resourcesthat best meet the combatant commander’s requirements.However, some situations may not allow adherence to thisprinciple. The theater combatant commander may decide tohold certain transportation modes in reserve. The followingconsiderations apply:

(1) The expeditious movement of cargo to meet thecombatant commander’s requirements may be more importantthan maximizing carrying capacity.

(2) Terminal congestion may preclude the use of a givenmode.

(3) Delays during off-loading cause a lost transportcapability.

(4) Stress keeping transport modes loaded and moving.

e. Forward Support. Forward-oriented transportation supportis a combat multiplier; it allows the commander toconcentrate all his forces on the enemy.

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7. Functions of Joint Movement Control. The functions ofmovement control include planning, apportioning, allocating,deconflicting and validating priorities, coordinating movements,and maintaining or updating in-transit visibility systems.

a. Planning. Planning begins when either the theatercombatant commander is tasked for a deliberate plan under theJoint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP), receipt of someother planning order, or when the National CommandAuthorities (NCA) assign a task to a theater combatantcommander. It ends with the withdrawal or accomplishment ofthe mission, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)approval of a deliberate plan. Transportation planning isideally done under the deliberate planning process of JointOperation Planning and Execution System (JOPES). However,planning may have to be done under the crisis action planningprocedures of JOPES. Ideally, deliberate planning shouldprovide the insights and understanding which would allowquick adaption of a deliberate Operations Plan (OPLAN) underthe crisis action planning procedures.

b. Apportioning. Apportioning distributes the common-usertransport capability among the transportation tasks.Apportioning is a very important decisionmaking process. Itis difficult to apportion assets in a saturated system.Saturated systems exist when demands exceed capabilities.During the JOPES deliberate planning process, CJCS apportionsstrategic mobility and theater assets in the JSCP. Thetheater combatant commander may further apportion their totalcapability among Service components or subordinate JFCs fordeliberate planning purposes. Apportionment is expressed inpercentages.

c. Allocating. Allocating is the actual matching ofapportioned assets to operational requirements by the CJCSduring crisis planning or actual execution. CJCS transmitsthe allocation decision by execution order to USCINCTRANS forstrategic lift assets and the combatant commander for theaterassets. Normally, USCINCTRANS and the theater combatantcommander refine their execution planning based on the CJCSresource allocation and pass this allocation decision totheir components. The component allocating agency expressesthe allocations as a quantifiable measure. Examples ofquantifiable measures are sorties, gross tonnages, and squarefootage.

d. Deconflicting Priorities. The number of conflictingpriorities in a transportation system depends on the demandplaced on the system. With decentralized execution, it isthe responsibility of the lowest possible echelon to resolveconflicts. Decentralized execution assures that USCINCTRANSand the combatant commander must resolve only the most

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

critical conflicting requirements. If the lower levels areunable to resolve the conflicts the combatant commander mayelect to use a theater JTB to do the job. If resolution isnot satisfactory, either USCINCTRANS or the combatantcommander may request the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff to convene a higher-level JTB.

e. Validation. Shipments presented to USCINCTRANS or acombatant command transportation controller for movement mustbe validated by authorities within the requesting units chainof command. The validation confirms the need for themovement, shipment configuration, dimensions, and routing.This assures that all parties including the chain of commandare cognizant of the requirement.

f. Coordinating

(1) Special Moves. Special moves involve the movementof special weapons or large formations within CONUS or atheater. Special moves are often politically sensitiveand can adversely impact other operations. USCINCTRANSand the theater combatant commander may choose to retainmovement control of special moves.

(2) Combined Operation Moves. In almost all cases,strategic movement will require integration with themovement organizations and capabilities of friends andallies of international military organizations. Specificconsiderations include:

(a) Inland Surface Lines of Communication. Whenoperating in overseas theaters, use must be made ofavailable highways, railroads, and canals to moveunits and resupply forward. The theater combatantcommander must integrate his operation with thehost government’s own requirements. In the eventthere is not an operating host government, thetheater combatant commander is responsible forintegrating both assigned forces’ requirements withany civilian population requirements.

(b) Host-Nation Support. The simplest and mostoften used combined arrangement is host-nationsupport (HNS). Frequently, US forces operate withforces from other nations. Although each countrynormally provides for its own logistic support,competing transportation and LOC demands willrequire close coordination. For speed and economy,US forces often secure HNS agreements for localtransport and facilities. The Department of State

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initially contacts and arranges for HNS; however,it may delegate this authority to the theatercombatant commander. The theater combatantcommander identifies transportation requirementsand monitors their consideration duringnegotiations.

(c) Support from Other Nations. Under certainarrangements, the United States obtains strategiclift support assets from other nations.

(d) Support to Other Nations. The United Stateshas certain commitments to provide strategic liftsupport and movement control to other nations andinternational organizations, such as the UnitedNations.

(e) International Military Staffs. The UnitedStates often benefits from coordination,scheduling, and movement control contributions ofallies and host nations, both for strategic liftand for intra-theater lift.

(f) Combined Operations. Normally each countryprovides for its own logistic support, to includetransportation. However, when conducting combinedoperations, US forces may find their transportationarrangements furnished by the forces of anothernation or US forces may be responsible forproviding transportation for the forces of anothernation.

g. In-transit Visibility and Force Tracking. In-transitvisibility (ITV) is the continuous updating of unitidentities, mode of transport, and location during movement.USCINCTRANS and the supported combatant commander trackunits, personnel, equipment, and materiel during thestrategic phases of a deployment. The supported combatantcommander also performs this function within theater. Thesystems that comprise this interface are Global TransportationNetwork (GTN) and JOPES. This will normally requiredetailed coordination and support from USTRANSCOM for thestrategic phases of deployment. This interface allows thetheater combatant commander to monitor and change deploymentpriorities.

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CHAPTER II

STRATEGIC MOVEMENT CONTROL

1. Purpose. This chapter outlines the Defense TransportationSystem (DTS), JOPES, and GTN. It explains deliberate and crisisaction planning and the role of strategic movement control. Itdescribes the strategic movement control responsibilities ofUSTRANSCOM and the theater responsibilities of the supported andsupporting combatant commands. It concludes by describing theconcept for integrating the strategic and theater movementcontrol system.

2. Defense Transportation System. The DTS is that portion ofthe nation’s transportation infrastructure controlled by theDepartment of Defense. It entails both organic common-usermilitary and contracted commercial assets, services, and systems.Joint Pub 4-01, "Defense Transportation System," contains moreinformation on DTS.

3. Joint Operation Planning and Execution System. JOPES is anintegrated C2 system. It provides information to seniordecisionmakers concerning joint plans and operations. Decision-makers use JOPES to plan, execute, and monitor mobilization,deployment, employment, and sustainment activities. Bothsupported and supporting organizations use the system. JOPESprovides users an ordered and comprehensive set of procedures forsolving complex strategic mobility force deployment andsustainment problems. JOPES movement and sustainment informationis distributed over WWMCCS. Joint Pubs 5-03.1 through 5-03.3contain detailed descriptions of the joint planning and executionprocesses. The Joint Training Manual, MCM 59-91, containsdetailed JOPES information for all CJCS and combatant commandsponsored exercises.

4. Global Transportation Network. GTN is a DTS automated systemfor managing cargo and passengers movements. GTN, when fullyfielded, will provide an integrated database which accept inputfrom automated data processing systems used by the Services,Defense agencies, and USTRANSCOM. GTN will provide USTRANSCOMthe ability to maintain in-transit visibility of units,personnel, equipment, and materiel. This data will assist incommands tracking units and sustainment during strategicmovements on a global basis. They will use the information tomanage movement operations, evaluate performance, and identifytransportation costs to users. To enhance the effectiveness ofany transportation effort, therefore, Services, Servicecomponents, and other organizations must be prepared to feeddeployment and sustainment requirements and movement information,as required to the GTN or equivalent systems. Joint Pub 4-01,

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"Defense Transportation Systems," contains additional informationon the GTN.

5. Strategic Movement Control Process. The strategic movementcontrol process covers moves planned under both the deliberateand crisis action planning process.

Figure II-1. Developing Transportation Requirements in JOPES Deliberate Planning Process

a. Deliberate Planning Process. Movement control planning for operations conceived under the deliberate planning process is continuous, but not necessarily detailed. It begins with the assignment of a task in the JSCP to a theater combatant commander. It ends with the approval or disapproval of an OPLAN. The deliberate planning process focuses on the time-phasing of movements and the assigning of transportation resources to support initial deployments for a set period, normally around 90 days after deployment commences. Figure II-1 portrays the strategic transportation

Joint Pub 4-01.3

methodology the deliberate planning system uses in creatingtransportation feasible OPLANs.

(1) Theater combatant commanders develop a concept ofoperations for each JSCP assigned task. Componentcommanders and supported combatant commanders use theOPLAN to develop their supporting plans. For thedevelopment of an OPLAN, the combatant commander,Services, supporting commands and agencies, and othermembers of the Joint Planning and Execution Community(JPEC) ensure the plans are executable and meet therequirements of the CINC’s concept of operations.Appendix 4, Annex D, of the appropriate OPLAN shouldcontain the combatant commander’s movement controlprocedures. Joint Pub 5-03.1, 5-03.11, 5-03.2, and5-03.22, "Joint Operation Planning and Execution System(JOPES) Vols I and II and both Supplements," specify thepolicies, procedures, and formats to be used across thespectrum of deployment, employment, mobilization, andsustainment activities associated with OPLAN development.

(2) Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD) is thelist of units and sustainment requirements needed toexecute the plan. It phases them into the theater ofoperations at the times and places required to supportthe concept of operations. Its development andrefinement are critical to achieving executable OPLANsand to developing executable OPORDS when using anapproved TPFDD in crisis action planning.

(3) USTRANSCOM uses TPFDD to analyze the flow of forcesand cargo from their points of origin to arrival intheater. They distribute the apportioned strategictransportation resources. During this process,USCINCTRANS follows CJCS guidance and coordinates allmajor decisions with the supported combatant commander.

b. Crisis Action Strategic Movement Control. Crisis actionmovement control follows the basic process of deliberateplanning. The fundamental difference is the reduced amountof time available to reach allocation, scheduling,identification of threats to transportation assets en routeto the debarkation ports, en route access or overflightstatus, and other execution decisions. Service componentsusually send representatives to the TCC crisis action cellsto coordinate their Service transportation priorities. Earlyidentification of the force and its movement requirements arekey to rapid crisis action movement planning. Upon initialexecution of an OPORD’s TPFDD, and until the situationstabilizes or the theater matures, USCINCTRANS and the

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theater combatant commander may have to exercise directcontrol of movement operations. Repetitive validations ofprojected movement requirements (both mode and destination)may be necessary using an established teleconference. Inaddition, ascertaining of transportation asset availabilitythrough an accurate TPFDD is also critical to optimization ofstrategic mobility resources and to keep the chain of commandappraised of deployment progress.

c. Peacetime Movement Control. Peacetime movement controland execution procedures are the same as those in wartime.Each Service coordinates its CONUS DTS movements with theappropriate TCC. USCINCTRANS and the supported combatantcommander monitor the system to ensure it meets theirpriorities. Joint Pubs 4-01.1, "JTTP for Airlift Support toJoint Operations," 4-01.2, "JTTP for Sealift Support toJoint Operations," and 4-01.5 "JTTP for Water TerminalOperations," contain information on routine sustainmentoperations.

(1) Organic convoy is an important mode of transport.CONUS convoy movements are the responsibility of therespective Service. They are not visible to USTRANSCOMduring peacetime movement (during wartime, the TPFDD inJOPES indicates the phased movement and thus somevisibility). Convoy movements are coordinated withUSTRANSCOM to ensure correct arrival times at theassigned ports.

(2) Military Traffic Management Command (MTMC) isresponsible for the commercial ground movement of cargoto POE. A routing authority is delegated by MTMC to theinstallation transportation officer (ITO) ortransportation movement office (TMO) based on shipmentweight and mode. Depending on shipment weight and mode,the ITO or TMO may arrange for the movement or mayrequest and receive a routing/rating from MTMC.

(3) Air Mobility Command (AMC) is responsible forproviding all strategic air movements. Users submitrequests for airlift through their Service or combatcommand air clearance authority to AMC. Specialassignment airlift mission (SAAM) movements are handledthrough AMC and the requesting Service or command.

(4) Military Sealift Command (MSC) is responsible forproviding all strategic sealift movements. Users submitrequests for common-user sealift through their Service toMSC.

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6. Responsibilities of USTRANSCOM. USTRANSCOM is the transportationmanager for the Department of Defense. USTRANSCOM is responsible forproviding global transport in support of national security objectives.It uses the GTN and JOPES to manage the movement of cargo andpassengers through the DTS. It has three subordinate TCCs: the AMC,the MSC, and the MTMC. USTRANSCOM coordinates the efforts of the TCCwith the supported and supporting combatant commands.

a. AMC. AMC provides the airlift for strategic deploymentand sustainment operations and for special common-usermissions such as aeromedical evacuation. AMC is alsoresponsible for operating some military aerial ports bothwithin and outside CONUS. When strategic deployments occur,Air Force organic airlift assets may be augmented by assetsfrom US commercial carriers either through contracts oractivation of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) stages.Also, at the earliest practical point during large-scalesustainment operations, USTRANSCOM, the theater combatantcommander, and AMC should consider establishing an airexpress service to link the established CONUS commercial airtransportation infrastructure with the overseas theater.Joint Pub 4-01.1, "JTTP for Airlift Support to JointOperations," contains more detailed information.

b. MSC. MSC provides sealift for strategic deployment andsustainment operations. MSC acquires organic assets fromfunding provided by the Department of the Navy. MSC may beaugmented from US-flag charter, assets from the Ready ReserveForce, and through charter agreements from US and foreignflag commercial carriers. Joint Pub 4-01.2, "JTTP forSealift Support to Joint Operations," contains more detailedinformation.

c. MTMC. MTMC manages the surface transport of defensemateriel and the CONUS air and surface transport ofpassengers. Transport is from the point of origin to theSPOE or APOE. MTMC recommends all activities with thesupported combatant commander. It recommends SPOEs,establishes booking procedures, and manages the movement ofcargo onto common-user ships. MTMC operates common-userCONUS ocean terminals and some SPODs in overseas theaters.MTMC can operate ports during contingencies, if contracts orHNS provide the labor needed to load and unload the ships.MTMC can work with the combatant commander to create waterterminal operations force packages to operate SPODs whereinsufficient infrastructure or unreliable stevedoring laborwould preclude the use of HNS. Joint Pub 4-01.5, "JTTP forWater Terminal Operations," contains more detailedinformation.

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7. Responsibilities of a Supporting Theater Combatant Commander.Certain situations may require that a theater combatant commandersupport another combatant commander. This support may range fromthe deployment of forces, en route basing activities, to theprovision of sustainment. Regardless of the mission, thesupporting theater combatant commander should establish amovement control system capable of interfacing with USTRANSCOM’sand the supported combatant commander’s movement control systems.A JMC, with supporting component movement cells, can be used tomanage all moves and assures compliance with the supportedtheater combatant commander’s priorities. For deployments toanother theater, the supporting combatant commander shouldestablish port of embarkation activities, which could includeArrival/Departure Airfield Control Group (A/DACG), Port SupportActivity (PSA) or Port Operations Group (POG), and movementcontrol organizations.

8. Responsibilities of the Supported Theater Combatant Commander

a. The supported theater combatant commander must ensurethat USTRANSCOM and its TCCs clearly understand theatertransport requirements. While developing requirements andpriorities, the supported theater combatant commandercoordinates with USTRANSCOM to ensure that the movementcontrol system will be ready to manage strategic movement.The supported theater combatant commander normally outlinesthe organization and describe the operational concept formovement control in appropriate OPLAN’s Annex D, Appendix 4,titled: Mobility and Transportation.

b. The supported theater combatant commander establishes atheater movement control organization that has a communicationslink with the strategic movement system. He alsoestablishes port of debarkation support activities. Theseinclude the A/DACG, PSA or POG, and movement controlactivities. They receive and manage the onward movement offorces and equipment.

9. Strategic and Theater Interface. The integration of thestrategic and theater movement control systems is the jointresponsibility of USTRANSCOM and the supported combatant command.USTRANSCOM normally establishes forward elements within thetheater to coordinate strategic transportation information withthe supported combatant commander’s agencies.

a. Information Exchange. Strategic movement informationexchange occurs primarily among USTRANSCOM, Serviceactivities, and supporting combatant commanders. Thesecommanders have the responsibility for keeping the supportedcombatant commander informed of issues that require jointattention.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

b. USTRANSCOM Forward Elements. USTRANSCOM may placeelements from each of its subordinate TCCs in a theater toprovide management of strategic mobility operations into andout of the theater. Figure II-2 portrays the typicalorganizational structure and relationship of the TCC forwardelements to a combatant commander.

(1) To coordinate airlift, theater combatant commanderswill be offered augmentation forces to help support theC2 of theater assigned airlift. AMC can provide avariety of augmentation packages that the supportedcombatant command can chose from. Augmenters can workwithin the Air Mobility Element (AME) of the Air Forcecomponent commander’s Air Operations Center (AOC). If aJoint Movement Center is established, the theatercommander may also request a senior director for theAirlift Movements Branch (AMB) in the JMC or appoint onefrom his own staff. Direct connectivity between the AMEand the JMC’s AMB is required.

(2) MTMC operates overseas ocean terminals based onagreements negotiated with USTRANSCOM, the theatercombatant commander, and the host nation. MTMC terminalcommanders have access to MTMC’s information network.The Army component is normally responsible for waterterminal operations in theater and its transportationunits are specially designed to provide C2 of operatingunits responsible for terminal and inland transportationservices. The size and number of the designated SPODsand the CINC’s deployment flow requirement will normallydetermine the terminal unit force structure.

(3) MSC usually establishes Military Sealift CommandOffices (MSCO) at theater port facilities, as directed byUSCINCTRANS. Each MSCO is responsible for coordinatingthe arrival, loading or discharge, and departure ofvessels under the OPCON of MSC.

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Figure II-2. Command Relationships

Joint Pub 4-01.3

CHAPTER III

THEATER MOVEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM

1. Introduction. This chapter outlines movement controloperations at the theater level. It describes the capabilitiesof each Service component and major considerations that thecombatant commander must integrate as the theater expands andmovement from ports of debarkation (POD) must integrate withmovements to sustain operations. It presents a suggestedorganization and identifies procedures available to theatercombatant commanders on deciding how to control theatermovements. The nature of the theater, composition of the force,and agreements with the host nation (HN) affect the proceduresused for movement control operations.

2. Theater Movement Control Organization. The theater combatantcommander has a wide range of options for performing movementcontrol. He may direct subordinate JFC and Service components toperform their own movement control. He may establish a theaterJTB or a JMC, or both. However, to ensure a fully integrated andresponsive transportation system, the combatant commander shouldconsider assigning responsibility for theater transportationmovement control to a single joint office, the JMC. This JMCmust be equipped with sufficient communication and automationcapability to ensure adequate interface between strategic andtheater transportation systems and the combatant commander’sstaff. This organization must be skilled in coordinating anddirecting theater transportation operations in support of unitmovements and/or logistic resupply operations. The combatantcommander’s logistics staff would form the nucleus of a movementcontrol organization, but to properly execute a theater movementcontrol mission, an additional predesignated, fully trained jointorganization is required. Ideally, such an organization would beidentified as a force deployment option in an OPLAN and beestablished early in the theater to coordinate arrival, theaterexpansion, and operations movement planning and execution.

a. Joint Movement Center. If the theater combatantcommander establishes a JMC, it should coordinate theemployment of all means of theater transportation (includingthat provided by allies or HNs) to support the concept ofoperations. The JMC should also be the single coordinator ofstrategic movements between the combatant commander andUSTRANSCOM. In addition, it oversees the execution oftheater transportation priorities. The JMC should beresponsible for planning movement operations and formonitoring the overall performance of the theatertransportation system. The JMC conducts cyclic reviews ofapportionment decisions and acts on emergency transportation

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requests. When there is no theater JTB, the JMC is theprimary advisor to the theater combatant commander in theapportionment process. The JMC identifies the variancebetween forecasted requirements and current capabilities ofall modes to assist in the planning process. It expeditesaction and coordination for immediate movement requirementsto ensure effective and efficient use of transportationresources.

(1) Organization. The JMC is organized functionallyand designed with a peacetime nucleus. It expands inproportion to the size of the force and the desires ofthe theater combatant commander. A fully developed JMCshould have an Administrative Section and two divisionssuch as a Plans and Programs Division and an OperationsDivision. (See Appendix A.) Advisory members fromfunctional areas that impact movement planning andexecution augment the JMC, as needed. Figure III-1 showsa suggested organization.

(2) Manning. The theater combatant commander shouldfirst use his own staff and Service component staffpersonnel resources to form the nucleus of a JMC. Thecommander should consider including manning to coordinaterequirements for contracting with HN authorities for useof available civil transportation and facilities. Whenexpanding a JMC, the theater combatant commander mustconsider the structure of his dominant force andcomponent-unique movement control requirements. Thecombatant commander may also draw on reserve personnel toaugment the JMC. Reserve augmentation personnel shouldparticipate in exercises to assure they are familiar withthe procedures of a joint force headquarters. Theatercommanders should ensure reserve augmentation forces areproperly sequenced in either and exercise or actualTPFDD. Finally, the combatant commander may coordinatethrough USCINCACOM and USCINCTRANS on the creation of aJMC force deployment option package that could be easilyinserted into an OPLAN. Likewise, if this JMCaugmentation package is established, it must be providedthe opportunity to train with the combatant commander’sand Service components’ staffs.

b. Theater Joint Transportation Board. The theatercombatant commander may establish a theater JTB to review anddeconflict policies, priorities, and apportionments beyondthe authority of a JMC. This JTB consists of representativesfrom the Service components, movement control agencies, andthe combatant command J3, J4, and J5. The combatantcommander determines who should chair the theater JTB,normally this would be the J4. If the theater JTB is unableto support the CINC’s concept of operations with assigned

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

assets, requests should be initiated to CJCS for additionaltransportation assets. The Joint Staff would likewiseconvene a JTB to address transportation apportionment andallocation issues.

3. Theater Movement Control System. The JMC must plan,allocate, coordinate and deconflict transportation, as well asestablish and operate an in-transit visibility system to assistin tracking theater movements of units, personnel, unitequipment, and materiel.

a. Planning. The JMC serves as the primary advisor throughthe J-4 to the combatant commander on all matters pertainingto the theater transportation support structure necessary toquickly establish a viable movement network in either well-developed or under-developed theaters. The JMC develops thetheater movement plan that supports the combatant commander’s

SUGGESTED JMC ORGANIZATION

COMBATANT OR JTFCOMMANDER

ADMIN CHIEF LIAISONSEC JMC

HOST NATION

PLANS AND PROGRAMS OPERATIONS DIVISIONDIVISION

AIRLIFT MOVEMENTS SEALIFT MOVEMENTS INLAND SURFACEBRANCH BRANCH MOVEMENTS BRANCH

Figure III-1. Suggested JMC Organization

priorities and concept of operation. The JMC develops thisplan while considering theater cargo throughput capabilities(including in-depth analysis of airfield, seaports, andsurface transportation routes), the TPFDD, apportionment andallocation of transportation resources, and resourceprotection requirements. The plan must mesh incomingstrategic movements with theater reception and onwardmovement operations. It excludes bulk fuel and water thatmove by pipeline; however, it must incorporate their movement

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by any other mode of transportation. Balancing resources iscritical to maintaining a flexible system. To provide anuninterrupted flow of supplies and units, the system’sreception capability must match its strategic movementcapability. Likewise, the system’s onward movementcapability must match its reception capability. Apportioningresources is, therefore, a key element of the plan. The planincludes apportionments developed in consultation with thecomponent commanders.

b. Apportioning. Theater level apportionments, usuallyexpressed in percentages and developed in cycles, support thecombatant commander’s campaign and operational plans.Apportionment decisions must consider the joint forcemission, resources available, threat, and geography of theAOR. The components use the apportionment decision forallocation and employment.

c. Allocating. Allocating is the assignment of specifictransportation resources against specific movement missions.If a JMC is not established, the theater combatant commanderusually delegates the allocation process to the Servicecomponents. Components normally express allocations assorties by type of aircraft, gross tonnages, number ofvehicles, or other appropriate terms. If a JMC isestablished, the Service components work with the JMC tooptimize daily movements based on projected dailytransportation resources available.

d. Coordinating. The JMC coordinates all common-usertheater air, land, and sea transportation. The JMC initiallycoordinates common-user transportation through the movementplan. The JMC monitors the transportation system, analyzesmovement performance, and prepares adjustments. The JMC alsocoordinates the accomplishment of unfulfilled requirementsforwarded by component control elements. Implementation ofadjustments occurs during the development of priorities orthe scheduling of assets. The JMC must be able to coordinatewith a Joint Rear Area Coordinator (JRA), if a JRA isestablished. The JMC approves all unit surface movementsthat use common-user assets and main supply routes.

e. Deconflicting Requirements. The JMC deconflicts theatertransportation requirements. Deconflicting requirementsinvolves establishing and managing the transportation requestprocess. It includes validating requests and taskingappropriate transportation assets as described in paragraph 4below. Those transportation requirements that cannot bedeconflicted by the JMC are forwarded to the JTB forresolution.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

f. Force Tracking. The JMC provides the theater combatantcommander the ability to locate units that are using common-user transport within the theater. The JMC can monitor theinland surface movement of forces during theater movements(such as documenting arrivals at air ports of debarkation(APOD)/seaports of debarkation (SPOD) and movements tointermediate staging area or to final tactical assemblyareas).

4. Transportation Request Process. The JMC establishes thelocation, identity, and communications facilities of nodes in thetransportation system. It also promulgates tasking procedures,cycles, and deadlines. The routine request process for all modesof transportation flows through Service component logisticchannels. The components validate each request and forward it tothe JMC.

a. Validation

(1) Validation includes verification of the requirement,review of the threat levels or threat assessments(see Joint Pub 3-10, "Doctrine for Joint Rear AreaOperations"), and determination of available and feasiblemode of movement. The validator considers competingtransportation requirements and the combatant commander’stransportation priorities.

(2) Normally, there is a validating movement controlauthority within each component and at each level ofcommand. After validation, the authority tries to fillthe request with assigned assets. For requirementsbeyond his capability, he sends the validated request tothe next higher level for action. To ensure thecapability to expedite transportation movement requests,validating authorities should have access to dedicatedcommunication facilities. In any event, the theatercombatant commander should provide for the simultaneousvalidation of emergency and routine requests.

b. Surface, Sealift, and Inland Waterway TransportationRequests. The theater combatant commander usually delegatesexecution of this portion of the movement plan to the Armycomponent commander. However, specific responsibilities mayvary in theaters where both Army and Marine Corps forcesexist in large numbers. For example, it is normal todelegate the responsibility for coordinating main supplyroute traffic to the component that has primary use of theroute.

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(1) The Army establishes transportation movementMovement Control Centers (MCC) and/or Movement ControlTeams (MCT) in command of movement regions to managesurface and inland waterway transportation. The numberof MCC/MCT varies depending on the volume and complexityof movements. The size of a region depends on itscritical areas and geographic boundaries. MCC/MCTs acton requests received from regional users. They taskrail, water, or motor transport elements. They areresponsible for controlling and supervising all movementsthrough their AOR. They also advise users and serve asan interface with local HN operators.

(2) The Army validates sealift requests in coordinationwith MSC and MTMC forward elements.

c. Airlift Request Process

(1) When organic or supporting surface or seatransportation is inappropriate or not available, theService component validating authority may submit arequest for airlift to the JMC. The JMC validatescomponent requests and sends them to the DIRMOBFOR. TheJMC sends the requests using standard message formatthrough the Joint Interoperability of Tactical Commandand Control Systems (JINTACCS). Joint Pub 6-04.10, "USMessage Text Formatting Program, Description of USMessage Text Formatting Program," contains moreinformation on message text formatting.

(2) There are two basic types of airlift request (seeJoint Pub 4-01.1, "JTTP for Airlift Operations," fordetails of the airlift request process):

(a) Preplanned airlift requests are forecastedresupply and movement requirements.

(b) Immediate airlift requests are unanticipated,high priority requirements.

5. Component Movement Capabilities and Organization. Thetheater combatant command movement control plan is key to a soundmovement control system. The plan should integrate thetransportation capabilities of the component commands. It shouldproduce a movement control system with centralized planning anddecentralized execution. The following paragraphs describe thetransportation and movement control capabilities of each Servicecomponent.

a. Army Component. The Army component usually providescommon-user land and inland waterway transport. They alsofurnish water terminal operations and, when necessary,

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

Logistics-Over-The-Shore (LOTS) operations. They providecommon-user land transport through a Theater Army MovementControl Agency (TAMCA), Movement Control Center (MCC), andDivision Transportation Office (DTO). Field Manual (FM) 55-10,"Movement Control in a Theater of Operations," containsadditional information on Army movement control in a theaterof operations.

(1) TAMCA. The Army fields a TAMCA to support echelonsabove corps. The TAMCA positions movement controlelements throughout the theater. They provide movementcontrol through movement regulating teams for suchoperations as LOTS and commercial carrier support. TheTAMCA coordinates and monitors all throughput shipmentsin the theater to the final destination. TAMCA selectsand controls theater main supply routes.

(a) Contract Supervision Teams. The Armycomponent negotiates and awards contracts for theuse of commercial carriers within a host nation.To manage these elements, the Army places contractsupervision teams in the theater.

(b) Movement Regulating Teams. The Army componentestablishes movement regulating teams to monitorand control traffic on theater Army and corps roadnetworks.

(2) MCC. The Army component will normally establish aMCC to manage movements and transportation assets withina corps area of AOR. It positions movement controlelements throughout the corps AOR to provide support.

(3) DTO. Each Army division has an organic DTO. TheDTO is responsible for movement control within thedivision.

(4) LOTS Operations. LOTS provides the theatercombatant commander a limited seaport or over-the-shorecapability where port facilities are damaged orinsufficient for arriving sealift. The Army uses truck,helicopter, rail, watercraft, terminal service, and cargotransfer units to perform this mission. The Navy and/orMarine components can operate in concert with Army unitsin JLOTS operations.

b. Air Force Component. The Air Force component providestheater common-user airlift. The theater combatant commanderexercises COCOM over all theater-assigned and OPCON ofattached airlift forces through the Air Force Component

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Commander (AFCC), who exercises OPCON through the componentairlift staff.

(1) Director of Mobility Forces. The DIRMOBFOR managestheater airlift for validated requests. The theatercombatant commander establishes the theater transportationpriorities. The cargo and personnel with thehighest theater transportation priority move first.

(2) Air Mobility Element. The AME is subordinate tothe DIRMOBFOR. It executes validated, prioritizedairlift requests with theater-assigned airlift assets.The AME monitors USTRANSCOM strategic airlift assetsoperating in theater. However, the AME cannot commitstrategic airlift because it is a theater-levelorganization.

c. Navy Component. The Navy component, through MSC,provides common-user sealift to the theater. The Navycomponent, in concert with Army units, can provide thecombatant commander with over-the-shore discharge andtransfer capabilities, where port facilities are notavailable or inadequate. NCHB and NAVCHAPGRU are Navycomponent organizations that conduct limited common-user portoperations. The Navy component performs its movement controloperations through the NCC, ALSS, FLS, or a designatedrepresentative. The ALSS and FLS provide logistic support,to include movement management, to theater naval forcesduring major contingency and wartime periods. Theycoordinate Navy land transportation requirements with Armymovement control organizations or the JMC. The NCC submitsrequirements for airlift to the JMC.

d. Marine Corps Component. The Marine Corps component has astrategic mobility officer (SMO) and an embarkation officerorganic to their MAGTF staffs. SMO can coordinate USMCmovement requirements with the theater combatant commander,the JMC, and USTRANSCOM. The Marine Corps activates a ForceMovement Control Center (FMCC) within theater to coordinateand provide transportation services to all land-basedelements of the MAGTF. As the Marine’s primary movementcontrol agency within theater, the FMCC establishes liaisonand communications with the JMC and forwards alltransportation shortfalls to the JMC. If Marine forces areafloat and part of an amphibious force, the commandrelationships established between the Commander AmphibiousTask Force (CATF) and the Commander Landing Force (CLF) wouldtake precedence.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

6. Other Theater Movement Control Considerations. The theatercombatant command movement control plan must also considermedical evacuation, retrograde, enemy prisoners of war (EPW),refugee, humanitarian missions, and other HN requirements.

a. Medical Evacuation System. Medical elements such as theJoint Medical Regulating Office (JMRO) or AeromedicalEvacuation Control Center (AECC) may collocate with or havedirect access to movement control organizations. They ensuremovement control personnel consider all modes of transportfor evacuating sick, injured, and wounded personnel. Theysend requests for CONUS patient evacuation to the ArmedServices Medical Regulating Office (ASMRO). The ASMROcoordinates with USTRANSCOM for patient transfers to specificCONUS hospitals through the JMC or the senior theatermovement control organization designated by the combatantcommander. Joint Pubs 4-02 and 4-02.1 contain additionalinformation on the JMRO and ASMRO.

b. Retrograde Movements. Planners must understand that theretrograde of cargo is crucial to the overall sustainmenteffort. Retrograde also contributes to the maximum use ofcarrying capacity. All retrograde cargo requiring movementto CONUS and certain overseas destinations requiresinspection by the military quarantine inspection authoritybefore release.

c. Evacuation of EPW. The theater combatant commandershould consider evacuation of EPW during retrogradeoperations. Movement control personnel must be aware of theimportance of swift evacuation of captured enemy troops.They should also give ample consideration to EPW evacuationduring the validation phase of the transportation requestprocess. FM 55-10, "Movement Control in a Theater ofOperations," contain additional information on EPWevacuation.

d. Component Liaisons. Component commanders may assignliaison officers to key transportation nodes operated byanother component or the HN. These liaison officers ensuresatisfaction of component logistic requirements. Theliaisons’ key tasks are to monitor and, if necessary,prioritize the actual flow of their components’ materielthrough the node. They also locate and expedite the shipmentof component critical items.

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(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

APPENDIX A

JOINT MOVEMENT CENTER ORGANIZATION

The JMC is functionally organized and designed for expansion inproportion to the size of the force. An Administrative Section,Plans and Programs Division, and Operations Division are normalstaff elements of the JMC. The Operations Division may befurther subdivided into Airlift, Sealift, and Inland SurfaceMovement Branches. The JMC staff elements should develop asystem of reports to assist in managing the theatertransportation program. The following are the suggested dutiesof each JMC element.

a. Administrative Section

(1) Provides administrative support to the JMC,including physical security and classified documentcontrol.

(2) Coordinates communication requirements, includingdedicated lines as required.

b. Plans and Programs Division

(1) Develops, coordinates, publishes, and distributesthe movement plan that apportions the availableintratheater common-user transportation assets accordingto the theater combatant commander’s priorities.

(2) Recommends joint transportation policy andprocedures for the request and use of common-usertransportation resources.

(3) Provides transportation support requirements,including requests and material handling or containerhandling equipment (MHE/CHE), to supporting CINCs and HNagencies

(4) Analyzes requirements, capabilities, shortfalls,alternatives, and enhancements to the theatertransportation system. Develops options and recommendssolutions.

(5) Develops standards and procedures for the collectionand presentation of statistical data necessary to performmovement control, including forecasts of long-termmovement requirements.

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(6) Prepares augmentation plans to facilitate theexpansion of the JMC when required.

(7) Coordinates policies and procedures with othermilitary forces, in-country US government agencies, andHN or indigenous authorities concerned with theevacuation of refugees and civilians.

(8) Receives, evaluates, and maintains transportationintelligence.

c. Operations Division. This division oversees the dailyoperations of the JMC. It evaluates movement performance toassure adherence to the theater combatant commander’spriorities. The following are the three Operations Divisionbranches.

(1) Airlift Movement Branch

(a) Receives and validates airlift requests fromService components. Coordinates with the AME’sDIRMOBFOR for the theater airlift schedule, orroutes to other modes of transportation if theatercommon-user airlift cannot meet the requirement.

(b) Monitors theater airlift requirements andcapabilities.

(c) Monitors the operation of aerial ports andother airfields to determine capabilities andlimitations.

(d) Reviews and validates regularly scheduledairlift channel missions to determine adequacy ofsupport.

(e) Monitors the air deployment of major forces.Effects changes to airlift movement requirementsand priorities contained in the JOPES data base bythe supported combatant commander.

(f) Coordinates aeromedical evacuation missions.

(g) Develops and manages theater air containerpolicy (436L pallet system) and procedures.

(h) Notifies the Chief, Operations Division, whenforecasted airlift requirements exceed the airliftcapability.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

(2) Sealift Movement Branch

(a) Monitors the sea deployment of forces andmateriel by sealift. Effects changes to thesealift movement requirements and prioritiescontained in the JOPES data base. Ensures theactual time the Unit Line Number (ULN) arrives atthe SPOD is entered into the JOPES data base.

(b) Represents the JFC in international bodiesregulating the priority of ship arrivals and theirdestinations.

(c) Coordinates with MTMC and MSC representativesand the appropriate port commanders for all seaportand JLOTS site operations, and assesses each waterterminal’s or LOTS/JLOTS site’s limitations andcapabilities.

(d) Monitors and determines requirements forchanges to scheduled sealift routes or channels.

(e) Monitors joint container control activitieswithin ports.

(f) Arbitrates conflicting sealift requirementsthat cannot be resolved at lower levels in themovement control system.

(g) Maintains data on the entire sealift orientedtransportation infrastructure.

(h) Notifies the Chief, Operations Division, whenforecasted sealift requirements exceed the sealiftcapability.

(3) Inland Transportation Branch

(a) Arbitrates conflicting land transportationrequirements that cannot be resolved at lowerlevels in the movement control system.

(b) Monitors the movement of forces using rail,highway, or inland waterway assets.

(c) Monitors port clearance, rail, highway, andinland waterway activities. Coordinates withSealift Movement Branch on special case LOTS/JLOTSoperations movement support.

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(d) Maintains and disseminates information onmilitary and HN surface transportation network.This information includes data on obstructions,detours, capacities, critical choke points, surfaceconditions, and enemy activities affecting highway,inland waterway, and rail nets.

(e) Develops short-and long-range transportationplans pertaining to repair priorities of thesurface transportation network. Coordination withHN activities and the senior engineer assigned tothe theater combatant commander’s or JTF staff isessential.

(f) Notifies the Chief, Operations Division, whenforecasted land transportation requirements exceedthe land capabilities.

(g) Monitors inland container management program.

(h) Monitors effectiveness of negotiation andaward of tenders to commercial carriers.

(i) Develops policy and procedures of theatercommercial surface transportation.

(j) Monitors border crossings, port clearance andinland waterway activities.

(k) Validates and/or coordinates requests for HNinland surface movement support.

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

APPENDIX B

JOINT AND SERVICE PUBLICATION REFERENCES

1. DOD Directives

a. DOD Directive 5100.1, "Functions of the Department ofDefense and Its Major Components."

2. Joint Publications

a. Joint Pub 0-2, "Unified Action Armed Forces."

b. Joint Pub 1-02, "Dictionary of Military and AssociatedTerms."

c. Joint Pub 3-0, "Doctrine for Joint Operations."

d. Joint Pub 4-0, "Doctrine for Logistic Support of JointOperations."

e. Joint Pub 4-01, "Joint Doctrine for the DefenseTransportation System."

f. Joint Pub 4-01.1, "Airlift Support to Joint Operations."(Draft)

g. Joint Pub 4-01.2, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures for Sealift Support to Joint Operations." (Draft)

h. Joint Pub 4-01.5, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures for Water Terminal Operations."

i. Joint Pub 4-01.6, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures for Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS)."

j. Joint Test Pub 4-02, "Doctrine for Health Service Supportin Joint Operations." (Draft)

k. Joint Test Pub 5-0, "Doctrine for Planning JointOperations."

l. Joint Pub 5-00.2, "Joint Task Force (JTF) PlanningGuidance and Procedures."

m. Joint Pub 5-03.1, "Joint Operation Planning and ExecutionSystem, Volume I, Planning Policies and Procedures."

n. Joint Pub 6-04.1, "US Message Text Formatting Program."

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3. Army Publications

a. FM 10-500-1, "Airdrop Support Operations in a Theater ofOperations."

b. FM 55-10, "Movement Control in a Theater of Operations."

c. FM 55-65, "Strategic Deployment by SurfaceTransportation."

d. FM 90-25/FMFRP 5-33/MACP 55-35, "Airlift for CombatOperations."

e. FM 100-27/FMFM 4-61/AFM 2-50, "Doctrine for Multi-ServiceAir Movement Operations."

f. AR 55-355, "Defense Traffic Management Regulations."

4. Navy Publications

a. Naval Warfare Publication No. 39, "Naval Coastal WarfareDoctrine."

b. FMFM 4-1 (USMC), "Combat Service Support Operations."

5. Coast Guard Publication

a. US Coast Guard, Commandant Instruction 16601.1, "Guidancefor Formulation of Local Port Readiness Committees."

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

APPENDIX CUSERS EVALUATION REPORT

ON JOINT PUB 4-01.3

1. Users in the field are highly encouraged to submitcomments on this pub. Please fill out the following: Users’POC, unit address, and phone (DSN) number.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Contenta. Does the pub provide a conceptual framework for thetopic? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Is the information provided accurate? What needs tobe updated? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Is the information provided useful? If not, how canit be improved? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. Is this pub consistent with other joint pubs?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. Can this pub be better organized for the bestunderstanding of the doctrine and/or JTTP? How?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Writing and Appearancea. Where does the pub need some revision to make thewriting clear and concise? What words would you use?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Are the charts and figures clear and understandable?How would you revise them? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Recommended urgent change(s) (if any). _____________________________________________________________________________

5. Other ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Please fold and mail comments to the Joint DoctrineCenter (additional pages may be attached if desired) or FAXto DSN 564-3990 or COMM (804) 444-3990.

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_________________________________________________________( FOLD )

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

APPENDIX CUSERS EVALUATION REPORT

ON JOINT PUB 4-01.3

1. Users in the field are highly encouraged to submitcomments on this pub. Please fill out the following: Users’POC, unit address, and phone (DSN) number.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Contenta. Does the pub provide a conceptual framework for thetopic? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Is the information provided accurate? What needs tobe updated? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Is the information provided useful? If not, how canit be improved? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. Is this pub consistent with other joint pubs?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. Can this pub be better organized for the bestunderstanding of the doctrine and/or JTTP? How?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Writing and Appearancea. Where does the pub need some revision to make thewriting clear and concise? What words would you use?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Are the charts and figures clear and understandable?How would you revise them? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Recommended urgent change(s) (if any). _____________________________________________________________________________

5. Other ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Please fold and mail comments to the Joint DoctrineCenter (additional pages may be attached if desired) or FAXto DSN 564-3990 or COMM (804) 444-3990.

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JOINT DOCTRINE CENTERBLDG R-52

1283 CV TOWWAY STE 100NORFOLK VA 23511-2491

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

GLOSSARY

PART I-ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

A/DACG Arrival/Departure Airfield Control GroupAECC Aeromedical Evacuation Control CenterAFCC Air Force Component CommanderALCC Airlift Control CenterALSS naval advanced logistic support siteAMB air mobility branchAMC Air Mobility CommandAME air mobility elementAOC Air Operations CenterAOR area of responsibilityAPOD aerial port of debarkationAPOE aerial port of embarkationASMRO Armed Services Medical Regulating Office

C2 command and controlCHE container handling equipmentCLF Commander Landing ForceCOCOM combatant command (command authority)CONUS continental United StatesCRAF Civil Reserve Air Fleet

DIRMOBFOR Director Mobility ForcesDTO divison transportation officeDTS Defense Transportation System

EPW enemy prisoner of war

FLS naval forward logistic siteFMCC Force Movement Control Center

GTN Global Transportation Network

HN host nationHNS host-nation support

ITV in-transit visibility

JFC joint force commanderJINTACCS Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command

and Control SystemsJLOTS joint logistics-over-the-shoreJMC Joint Movement CenterJMRO Joint Medical Regulating OfficeJOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution SystemJPEC joint planning and execution community

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JRA joint rear areaJSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities PlanJTB Joint Transportation BoardJTF joint task forceJTTP joint tactics, techniques, and procedures

LOC(s) line(s) of communicationsLOTS logistics-over-the-shore

MAGTF Marine Air-Ground Task ForceMCC Movement Control CenterMHE materiel handling equipmentMSC Military Sealift CommandMSCO Military Sealift Command OfficeMTMC Military Traffic Management Command

NAVCHAPGRU Navy Cargo Handling and Port GroupNCA National Command AuthoritiesNCC Navy component commandNCHB Navy cargo handling battalion

OPCON operational commandOPORD operation orderOPLAN operation plan in complete format

POD port of debarkationPOE port of embarkationPOG port operations groupPSA port support activities

SAAM space available airlift missionSMO Strategic Mobility OfficeSPOD seaport of debarkationSPOE seaport of embarkation

TAMCA Theater Army Movement Control AgencyTCC Transportation Component CommandTMO transportation movement officeTPFDD Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data

ULN unit line numberUSACOM United States Atlantic CommandUSCINCTRANS Commander in Chief, United States

Transportation CommandUSTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command

WWMCCS Worldwide Military Command and Control System

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

GLOSSARY

PART II-TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

aerial port. An airfield that has been designated for thesustained air movement of personnel and materiel, and to serve asan authorized port for entrance into or departure from thecountry in which located. (Joint Pub 1-02)

aeromedical evacuation. The movement of patients under medicalsupervision to and between medical treatment facilities by airtransportation. (Joint Pub 1-02)

airlift control center.* An air operations center that executesvalidated, prioritized airlift requests with theater-assignedairlift assets. The AME monitors USTRANSCOM strategic airliftasstets operating in theater. However, the AME cannot commitstrategic airlift since it is a theater-level organization. Alsocalled AME.

air logistic support. Support by air landing or airdrop,including air supply, movement of personnel, evacuation ofcasualties and prisoners of war, and recovery of equipment andvehicles. (Joint Pub 1-02)

allocation (transportation). Apportionment by designatedauthority of available transport capability to users. (Joint Pub1-02)

allotment. The temporary change of assignment of tactical airforces between subordinate commands. The authority to allot isvested in the commander having operational command. (Joint Pub 1-02)

apportionment. The determination and assignment of the totalexpected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should bedevoted to the various air operations and/or geographic areas fora given period of time. (Joint Pub 1-02)

area of responsibility. 1. A defined area of land in whichresponsibility is specifically assigned to the commander of thearea for the development and maintenance of installations,control of movement, and the conduct of tactical operationsinvolving troops under his control along with parallel authorityto exercise these functions. 2. In naval usage, a predefinedarea of enemy terrain for which supporting ships are responsiblefor covering by fire on known targets or targets of opportunityand by observation. (Joint Pub 1-02)

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combatant commander. A commander-in-chief of one of the unifiedor specified combatant commands established by the President.(Joint Pub 1-02)

common servicing. That function performed by one militaryService in support of another military Service for whichreimbursement is not required from the Service receiving support.(Joint Pub 1-02)

cross-servicing. That function performed by one Military Servicein support of another Military Service for which reimbursement isrequired from the Service receiving support. (Joint Pub 1-02)

deployment data base. The JOPES (Joint Operation Planning andExecution System) data base containing the necessary informationon forces, materiel, and filler and replacement personnelmovement requirements to support execution. The data basereflects information contained in the refined time-phased forceand deployment data from the deliberate planning process, ordeveloped during the various phases of the crisis action planningprocess, and the movement schedules or tables developed by thetransportation component commands to support the deployment ofrequired forces, personnel, and materiel. (Joint Pub 1-02)

dominant user concept. The concept that the Service which is theprincipal consumer will have the responsibility for performanceof a support workload for all using Services. (Joint Pub 1-02)

force tracking. The identification of units and their specificmodes of transport during movement to an objective area.(Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

host nation. A nation which receives the forces and/or suppliesof allied nations and/or NATO organizations to be located on, orto operate in, or to transit through its territory. (Joint Pub1-02)

host nation support. Civil and/or military assistance renderedby a nation to foreign forces within its territory duringpeacetime, times of crisis/emergencies, or war based uponagreements mutually concluded between nations. (Joint Pub 1-02)

in-transit visibility. The capability provided to a theatercombatant commander to have visibility of units, personnel, andcargo while in-transit through the Defense Transportation System.(Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

joint servicing. That function performed by a jointly staffedand financed activity in support of two or more militaryServices. (Joint Pub 1-02)

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

joint tactics, techniques, and procedures. The actions andmethods which implement joint doctrine and describe how forceswill be employed in joint operations. They will be promulgatedby the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultationwith other members of the Join Chiefs of Staff. Also calledJTTP. (Joint Pub 1-02)

movement control. The planning, routing, scheduling, and controlof personnel and cargo movements over lines of communications;also an organization responsible for these functions. (Joint Pub1-02)

National Command Authorities. The President and the Secretary ofDefense or their duly deputized alternates or successors.Commonly referred to as NCA. (Joint Pub 1-02)

naval advanced logistic support site. An overseas location usedas the primary trans-shipment point in the theater of operationsfor logistic support. A naval advanced logistic support sitepossess full capabilities for storage, consolidation, andtransfer of supplies in support of forward-deployed units(including replacement units) during major contingency andwartime periods. Naval advanced logistics support sites, withport and airfield facilities in close proximity, are locatedwithin the theater of operations but not near the main battleareas, and must possess the throughput capacity required toaccommodate incoming and outgoing intertheater airlift andsealift. When fully activated, the naval advanced logisticsupport site should consist of facilities and services providedby the host nation, augmented by support personnel located in thetheater of operations, or both. (Joint Pub 1-02)

naval forward logistic site. An overseas location, with port andairfield facilities nearby, which provides logistic support toforces within the theater of operations during major contingencyand wartime periods. A naval forward logistic site may belocated in close support proximity to main battle areas to permitforward staging of services, throughput of high priority cargo,advanced maintenance, and battle damage repair. Naval forwardlogistic sites are linked to in-theater naval advanced logisticsupport sites by intratheater airlift and sealift, but may alsoserve as transshipment points for intertheater movement of high-priority cargo into areas of direct combat. In providing fleetlogistic support, naval forward logistic site capabilities mayrange from very austere to near that of an advanced logisticsupport site. (Joint Pub 1-02)

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operational control. Transferable command authority which may beexercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level ofcommand. Operational control is inherent in Combatant Command(command authority) and is the authority to perform thosefunctions of command over subordinate forces involving organizingand employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designatingobjectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary toaccomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritativedirection over all aspects of military operations and jointtraining necessary to accomplish missions assigned to thecommand. Operational control should be exercised through thecommanders of subordinate organizations; normally this authorityis exercised through the Service component commanders.Operational control normally provides full authority to organizecommands and forces and to employ those forces as the commanderin operational control considers necessary to accomplish assignedmissions. Operational control does not, in and of itself,include authoritative direction for logistics or matters ofadministration, discipline, internal organization, or unittraining. Also called OPCON. (Joint Pub 1-02)

specified command. A command that has a broad continuing missionand that is established and so designated by the Presidentthrough the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistanceof the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It normally is composed of forcesfrom but one Service. See also combatant command; unifiedcommand. (Joint Pub 1-02)

time-phased force and deployment data. The JOPES data baseportion of an operation plan; it contains time-phased force data,non-unit-related cargo and personnel data, and movement data forthe operation plan, including: (a) In-place units; (b) units tobe deployed to support the operation plan with a priorityindicating the desired sequence for their arrival at the port ofdebarkation; (c) routing of forces to be deployed; (d) movementdata associated with deployment of forces; (e) estimates ofnon-unit-related cargo and personnel movements to be conductedconcurrently with the deployment of forces; and (f) estimate oftransportation requirements that must be fulfilled by common-userlift resources, as well as those requirements that can befulfilled by assigned or attached transportation resources. Alsocalled TPFDD. This term and definition is provided forinformation and is proposed for inclusion in the next edition ofJoint Pub 1-02 by Joint Pub 5-0)

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Joint Pub 4-01.3

Transportation Component Command. The three component commandsof USTRANSCOM: The Air Force’s Air Mobility Command, NavyMilitary Sealift Command, and Army’s Military Traffic ManagementCommand. Each transportation component command remains a majorcommand of its parent Service and continues to organize, train,and equip its forces as specified by law. Each transportationcomponent command also continues to perform Service-uniquemissions. Also called TCC. (Joint Pub 1-02)

unified command. A command with a broad continuing mission undera single commander and composed of significant assignedcomponents of two or more Services, and which is established andso designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defensewith the advice and assistance of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, or,when so authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, by a commanderof an existing unified command established by the President.(Joint Pub 1-02)

_______________* This term and definition are applicable only in the

context of this pub and cannot be referenced outside ofthis publication.

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