joonas tuominen surround sound. what does ”surround sound” mean? a technique for enriching the...
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Joonas Tuominen
SURROUND SOUND
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WHAT DOES ”SURROUND SOUND” MEAN?
• A technique for enriching the sound reproduction quality of an audio source with additional audio channels from speakers that surround the listener
• Aims to produce a sound field with a 360° radius in the horizontal plane
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HISTORY
• First documented use in 1940 for the Disney film Fantasia
• The first system was called “Fantasound”, three channels and speakers
• Only for experimental use, was excluded in later showings
• Returned in the 1950s as composers started experimenting with surround sound (Karlheinz Stockhausen, Edgar Varese)
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HISTORY
• 1978: Max Bell’s ”Split surround” for Dolby laboratories
• Tested with ”Superman” and perfected with ”Apocalypse Now”
• The 5.1 in 1987 at the famous French Cabaret Moulin Rouge
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THE BASICS
• A surround sound system consists of program sources (a television etc.), the amplification system, speakers and mounting accessories (cables etc.)
• Can be created with a minimum setup of two speakers
• Most common setup is the 5.1-system
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NOTATION
• x.x notation style
• The first digit reflects the number of full range channels
• The second digit reflects the limited range of the LFE channel
• E.g. ”2.0”, ”5.1”, ”7.2”
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TECHNOLOGIES
• Most important ones by two companies, Dolby and DTS
Stored channels Audible channels Speakers
Mono 1 1 1
Stereo 2 2 2
Pro Logic (DD 2.0) 2 4 4 – 5
Pro Logic II 2 5 5
Dolby Digital 5.1 (DD 5.1) 6 5,1 6
DTS 6 6 6
Dolby Digital EX 6.1 6 6,1 7 – 8
DTS-ES 6.1 6 7 7 – 8
DTS-ES Discrete 7 7 7 – 8
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POSITIONING
• Two speakers positioned to the front-left and front-right of the listener, form about a 30° angle
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POSITIONING
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POSITIONING
• 4.0-system: Two ways
• three speakers in front and one behind
• two speakers in front and two at the back
• A five speaker setup: three in front, two at the back, 110° angle
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POSITIONING
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BASS MANAGEMENT AND LFE
• Surround systems may make use of bass management = Not mandatory
• Means the directing of low frequency sounds to certain speakers
• LFE = Low Frequency Effects (channel)
• A separate channel to carry extremely low “sub bass” sounds
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BASS MANAGEMENT AND LFE
• A subwoofer can be added to any setups
• Enables better production of low frequency sounds.
• Positioning: Anywhere around the other speakers, human hearing cannot distinguish the direction
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FUTURE STUFF
• 22.2, surround sound for Ultra High Definition Television, developed by NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories.
• 24 speakers arranged in three layers: A middle layer of ten speakers, an upper layer of nine speakers, and a lower layer of three speakers and two sub-woofers.
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SOMETHING COOL
• Psychoacoustics!
• http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/guy-invented-system-boost-volume-without-pissing-your-neighbours-off-101
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THANK YOU!