jordan’s experience in iwrm and the need for · 2019-05-27 · jordan’s experience in iwrm and...

Jordan’s experience in IWRM and the need for

regional platforms to raise public awareness

and water knowledge

\By Dr Hazim El-Naser

Jordan’s experience in IWRM and the need for regional platforms to raise

public awareness and water knowledge

SWF 19 -

Introduction• Jordan is a very scarce water country, the 2nd water poorest country worldwide. • Per capita water availability is less than 100m3/yr for all uses.• 92% of Country’s area is desert receiving annually less than 50mm of rain • 30% of the population are refugees.• Population growth rate is relatively high about 2.5%• Slow economic growth since 2009 around 2%• The increasing cost of water supply has added a large burden to the Kingdom's fiscal budget in terms of new capital expenditures

• The gap between current tariff and full cost recovery is too big to be bridged by tariff increase alone

• Groundwater over-pumping 100% beyond safe yield

• Significant reductions in surface flows due to groundwater over-pumping and climate change

• Demand exceed supply by 50% at least for the last 20 years

• 50% of Non-Revenue Water due to network losses and illegal uses

• Public expenditure on the water sector has ranged between 2% and 4% of GDP,

within the range of 1-5% of GDP in the Middle East and North Africa region (World Bank, 2010).

• Shared water basins with neighboring countries are politically and technically complicated,

where 40 percent of Jordan's water resources is shared

Zatar Syrian Refugees Camp

How Jordan Responded under the principles of IWRM• - Enabling Environment

• - Institutional Arrangements

• - Management Instruments

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – POLICIES

SWF 19 -

Sectoral Objectives:

1. Development of existing water resources and bring in new water

resources.

2. Provide water for domestic, agricultural, industrial and tourism quantities

and at affordable prices

3. Improve the level of sanitation services

Interim goals:

1.Development of existing water sources and the search for new water sources

2.To increase the storage capacity of the dams

3.Exploitation of treated water in a social, environmental and economic benefit

activities is high

4.Improve supply efficiency and distribution system of water for domestic,

industrial, commercial and agricultural systems and subscribers systems

5.Expansion of sanitation services

6.Improve operation efficiency , water supply and improve energy efficiency in

the water sector

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – POLICIES

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Water Strategy (2016) Policies (2016) Action Plans (2016)

National Strategy Water

(2016 - 2025)

The National Strategy for

Water preparation (2016 -

2025), taking into account the

lessons learned from the

Water Strategy in Jordan

(2008 - 2022) and the water

strategy in Jordan and

policies in 1997

Energy Efficiency

and Renewable

Energy

Capital Investment

Plan (2016-2025)

Surface water

utilization

Executive Program

(2016 -2018)

Water

Reallocation

Water Sector Losses

Reduction Plan(2013)

Groundwater

sustainability

Water Sector

Capacity building

(2016)

Management of

Decentralized

WWTP

Jordan Response

Plan (JRP)

Climate Change

policy for A

Resilient Water

Sector

National Plan for

operational and

maintenance

WWTP`s

Water

substitution

Communication and

Media Plan

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – LEGAL FRAMEWORKS

. Primary Legislation / Main

ObjectiveSpecific Targets Measures to attain targets

Water Authority Law

18/1988

&

Amendments

Survey and conserve water

resources

Developing water resources in the

Kingdom for household and

municipality purposes

Licensing of private wells, drilling

machines, and drillers

Conserve water and water basins

and.

All water resources within the boundaries of

the kingdom shall be deemed a state owned

property (Art 25).

Collect data and information related to water

needs of the Kingdom (Art 23).

Water shall not be sold, granted, or

transported without prior consent(Art 25).

Penalties were modified and tighten for those

who violate water law (Art 30)

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – LEGAL FRAMEWORKS

.

Primary Legislation / Main

ObjectiveSpecific Targets Measures to attain targets

By-law No. 85/2002

Underground water

Control over-drafting of groundwater

and illegal well drilling

Provide for substantive penalties for

illegal use

Motivate farmers to use brackish

groundwater in irrigation.

In case of water pollution or over-abstraction

the Water Authority has the duty to stop the

source of pollution or over-pumping (Art 16).

The distance between wells cannot be less

than 1,000m (Art 25).

A maximum amount of withdrawals is set for

each well (Art 29).

A tariff is set in the regulation for water

abstracted over and above the permitted

annual abstraction rate.

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – INVESTMENT AND FINANCING STRUCTURES

SWF 19 -

Cost

(million JD)

Program

2,567.9• Develop new water resources (RSDSP phase I and phase II,

dams, deep-water)

740.5

523

300

50

• Efficiency enhancement for water supply and distribution

for domestic, industrial and commercial systems projects

(transmissions between governorates, water networks

rehabilitation, reduce water losses and rehabilitation of

pumping stations)

• Jordan Response Plan for Syria Crisis (Water Sector 2016-

2018)

• Energy Efficiency Program and Renewable energy

• Strengthening the sector institutions and good governance

137.1• Irrigation systems efficiency and restructuring of irrigation

networks projects

1,406.2• Sewage networks program projects

496.4• Construction and upgrade Wastewater Treatment plants

60

5400

• Wadi araba integrated development master plan

Total (Capital Investment Program Projects )

Institutional Arrangements – Centralization of Water Allocation

Institutions Geographical level/Nature Mandate

Ministry of Water and

IrrigationNational

To develop strategies, policies and plans for

the water sector.

Water allocations among sectors

Operates through the Water Authority of

Jordan and the Jordan Valley Authority.

Water Authority of

Jordan

Jordan Rift Valley (north and south of

the Dead Sea)

To plan, design, construct, operate and maintain

irrigation projects, dams and hydroelectric power

stations in the Valley.

Jordan Valley

Authority

Jordan Valley

The area 300m above sea level in the

north and 500 m above sea level in

the south

The development of water resources of the

Jordan Valley and their utilization for purposes of

irrigated agriculture, domestic and municipal

uses, industry, hydropower generation and other

SWF 19 -

Public Sector Water Utilities

WAJ owns three water companies providing

water and sanitation for North, Middle and

South Jordan. Although the companies are state

owned but work under companies law and have

all the management flexibility of the private

sector.

Institutional Arrangements – Water supply and Sanitation services

SWF 19 -

Training

Both on job training domestic and abroad training

considered to be essential element for better

management of Jordan’s scarce water resources .

WAJ center for technicians training trains every year in

cooperation with international organizations hundreds

of employees.

Institutional Arrangements – Capacity Building

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –PLANNING

SWF 19 -

Water Resources Development

A permanent water deficit with a rationing program for all sectors all over the year requires detailed long term projections of demand and supply and timing of projects.

For that goal state of the art master planning and modules are needed.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Jordan’s Water Demand and Supply

Demand (Base) Supply (Base) Deficit Base)

AL3482 : CORRIDOR 11

AMMAN-ZARQA BASIN

PGE: 292678 PGN : 174092 ALT : 670 m TD: 323 m Aquifer:Basalt Type: Recorder

-156

-155

-154

-153

-152

-151

-150

-149

-148

-147

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Date

SW

L (

m)

0.43

0.54

0.49

0.59

0.75

-1.70

-1.48

-1.18

-1.45

-1.89

GW

Monito

ring w

ell


SWF 19 -

National Water Master PlanThe major component of an aggressive

strategic planning program to better manage the

water resources in the future is the National

Water Master Plan.

To determine the most appropriate and wisest

use of limited water resources. Sound water

resources planning and management

practices at the national level

It is a tool that will be used to continuously

assess Jordan`s water supply and demand

projections and to assist in evaluating reasonable options and strategies.


SWF 19 -

GIS Implements and utilizes Geographical Information

Systems and other Geo-Information technologies for

the management, update, analysis, and output of

geographically referenced information

Developing GIS know-how within PMU, WAJ, and

the Water Sector

Maintaining a comprehensive GIS Database of

spatial information

Supporting PMU Directorates with GIS-derived

products and services

.

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –EFFECIENCY

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WUE in Domestic

water supply and

delivery

Maximize the efficiency

of the distribution

network: Reduction of

water losses:Non Revenue Water

initiatives to reduce

technical and administrative

losses

Rehabilitation of the

networks

.

Rehabilitation of networksChanging mechanical / classic water meters

to smart water meters: water losses

decreased from 49 to 23%

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –EFFECIENCY

SWF 19 -

WUE in Domestic

water supply and

delivery

Changing of Water MainsEnergy efficient pumping stationsPrompt Maintenance

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT

SWF 19 -

Water Tariff

Water tariff in Jordan is being used as a demand

management tool. By applying a block tariff system,

the large consumers pays about 80% of the water

revenues while protecting the poor. Currently water

tariff revenues cover O&M costs only. Average cost

per m3 is about 3.7 US $. Average tariff revenue per

m3is about 1.9 US $. Due to its scarcity development

of water resources is a very expensive business.

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –SOCIAL CHANGE

SWF 19 -

Demand Management and Public Awareness

1-Introduction and promotion of the

concept of water demand

management through media

campaigns

2- Promotion of water saving

technology and water saving

devices

3- Introducing new water laws and

regulations aimed at conserving

water

4- Introduction of Water Demand

Management cocepts in school

Why a Middle East Water Forum (MEWF) ?

SWF 19 -

Middle East Water Forum

Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser

The Middle East Water Challenges

SWF 19 -



The World Economic Forum asked experts and

leaders in the region: “For which global risks

is your region least prepared?” The majority of

respondents identified water crisis as the

greatest threat to the region-greater even than

political instability or unemployment (World

Economic Forum, 2015)

Elements of ME Water Crisis

SWF 19 -

•Limited Water Resources as the ME is the driest region on earth where 90% of its area with arid-semiarid

climate resulting the 12 of the world’s most scarce countries

•Population growth exceeds water resources development

• Political instability and regional conflicts

•Extremely rich and extremely poor countries



Elements of the ME Water Crisis

SWF 19 -

•High population growth (>3%) and modest economic growth rates (<2%)

Population growth exceeds water resources development

•Transboundary water dispute on surface and groundwater basins

•The region most precious groundwater resources are drying up

•Climate change impacts

•Poor Water Governance



Source: ESCWA-BGR, 2013

Source: IHP-VI, IHP Non Serial Publications in Hydrology UNESCO, Paris

Consequences

SWF 19 -

• Water scarcity affecting regional security and stability with possible conflict between

countries due to disagreement over shared water resources

• Hundreds of millions lacking access to water and sanitation

• Threatening the food security of millions of people

• Leaky or poorly functioning distribution systems

• Insufficient, unreliable, or expensive supplies

• Economies are at risk due to water scarcity



Response to Water Challenge

SWF 19 -

• Demand Management, water conservation and increase tariff

• Increase supply mainly through desalination

• Wastewater reuse

• Water harvesting

• Better water management and water allocation

• Improved irrigated agriculture policies

• Efficient utilization of water resources through new technologies,

private sector participation and proper pricing mechanisms is essential

for sustainable use of resources and good services to the consumers



Our Approach

The Middle East Water Forum (MEWF)

SWF 19 -

Vision

Towards regional water security for the Middle Eastern Countries through technology transfer, technical

dialogue, leadership, and public awareness.



Our Approach


SWF 19 -

Mission

Due to its regional dimension, water problems can't be solved alone on the national level. Therefore, there

is an urgent need for tools that could boost regional cooperation and exchange of experience among the

Middle Eastern Countries. The Forum will act as a hub for countries, utilities, companies, and experts to

work together towards an innovative solution for water resource management, enhancement of services as

well as long-term planning for sustainable water and sanitation projects.



MEWF’S Areas of Focus

SWF 19 -

To work towards water security in the Middle East, MEWF focuses on some of the major elements of water

security:

• Manage water resources under IWRM principles

• Enhancing Delivery of water services,

• Transfer of Technology and knowledge

• Raising Public awareness

• Promotion of Regional cooperation and integration

• Development of leadership in water agencies and

utilities, through enhancing knowledge and E-training

• Exchange of experience, information and data

• Promote relevant research and studies by academia

and international organizations

• Contribute to the implementation of the 17 Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs)

.



MEWF Platform Layout-English

SWF 19 -

.



MEWF Platform Layout-Arabic

SWF 19 -



Our Approach


SWF 19 -

To realize our mission, MEWF invites international

organizations, regional agencies, research institutes,

experts and private sector to contribute with their

experience, studies, technology, articles

and research to enrich MEWF information hub to

help in realizing successfully our objectives and

areas of focus



Our Approach


SWF 19 -

Chairman: Dr Hazim El-Naser

Arar St. 20

P.O. Box. 414, Al Fuheis

19152 Jordan

M: +962 79 5519302

E-mail: [email protected]


Online Platform: www.mewf.de

G II - German Innovation Institution GmbH

GSG-Standort Helmholtzstr

Helmholtzstrasse 2-9

10587 Berlin - GermanyT: +49 30 5490 9202

F: +49 30 5490 9203

M:+49 1520 4222228


W: www.g-ii.eu



mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mewf.de/

http://www.g-ii.eu/

jordan’s experience in iwrm and the need for · 2019-05-27 · jordan’s experience in iwrm and...

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