1. Resultados preliminares del proyecto Los Desiertos Verdes Segundo seminario LIFE+ Los Desiertos Verdes Recuperacin del suelo en reas abandonadas: Hacia un nuevo modelo productivo agroforestal Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014

2. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Land degradation leads to a significant reduction of the productive capacity of land. Extent and causes of land degradation Deforestation. 580 million ha Forest Fire Overgrazing. 680 million ha Fuelwood consumption. 137 million ha Agricultural mismanagement. 550 million ha Industry and urbanization. 19.5 million ha Mining Desertification United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) o Desertification" means land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub- humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities; Introduction Enviromental Improvement 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 3. LAND DEGRADATION - UNEP Prevention: implies the use of conservation measures that maintain natural resources and their environmental and productive function on land that may be prone to degradation. Mitigation: is intervention intended to reduce ongoing degradation. This comes in at a stage when degradation has already begun. Rehabilitation: is required when the land is already degraded to such an extent that the original use is no longer possible, and land has become practically unproductive. Here longer-term and more costly investments are needed to show any impact. Source: Hanspeter Liniger, Godert van Lynden, Freddy Nachtergaele, Gudrun Schwilch (2008) A Questionnaire for Mapping Land Degradation and Sustainable Land Management. CDE/WOCAT, FAO/LADA, ISRIC Introduction Enviromental Improvement 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 4. EUROPEAN COMMISSION http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/three_en.htm Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2006). Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2012). The implementation of the Soil Thematic Strategy and ongoing activities. The Four Pillars of The Strategy 1. Awareness raising 2.Research 3. Integration Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Industrial installations. Cohesion Policy. State aids for the remediation of soil contamination. 4. Legislation Introduction Enviromental Improvement 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 201 5. INTERACTION SOIL POLICIES WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/comm2006/2020.htm European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2011). Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 COM(2011) 244 final European Commission. Commission Staff Working Document - Accompanying the Document - Communication from the Commission To the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic And Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the forest-based sector. SWD(2013) 342 final Introduction Enviromental Improvement 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 6. 8th EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation in Horizon 2020 FORESTRY EUROPEAN BIOECONOMY Innovative, Sustainable and Inclusive Bioeconomy Agroecological Farming Systems Bioeconomy Strategy for Europe Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry BIOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE ACTION INNOVATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES) Introduction Improvement Engineering 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 7. Demonstration that the proposed planting techniques allow to cultivate trees in dry climates, on poor dry soil and on rocks, in response to desertification phenomena due to climate change. Survives and grows well 3-4 years after planting and if this success rate is achieved for at least 75 % of the used species Objetives LIFE 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 8. Objetives UVA-Partners Development of a best practices for the use of waterboxx. Suggest improvements to waterboxx design. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 9. The decision on which species to plant Planting of sapling and bushes 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 10. Planting sapling and bushes with waterboxx Planting sapling and bushes without waterboxx (test plots) Planting of sapling and bushes 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 11. Planting of sapling and bushes 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 12. Planting of sapling and bushes 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 13. Data sheet for survival and ecological conditions Control by GPS of survival species Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 14. Control by GPS of survival species Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 15. Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 16. Control water level into waterboxx 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 17. Control temperature into waterboxx Control temperature out of waterboxx Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 18. Temperature monitored by sensors Control temperature into waterboxx Control temperature out of waterboxx Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 19. CONTROL BY DRONES Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 20. CONTROL BY DRONES Maintenance, control and technical monitoring 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 21. 70.00% 75.00% 80.00% 85.00% 90.00% 95.00% 100.00% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Porcentaje/Percentage Meses/Months Supervivencia/ Survival Supervivencia Tendencia Muestreos/Samplings Survival Trends Results and Discussion Statistical Analysis 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 22. Inicio Estudio 1 Plantacin Start of the Sudy 1st Planting Final Estudio Final Study2 Plantacin Muestreos/Samplings Muertes/Death Supervivencia/Survival Abandono/Give up 2 Plantacin / 2th Planting Incorporacin Results and Discussion Statistical Analysis 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 23. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 24. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 25. -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov DegreesC TEMPERATURES Mean monthly temperatures Mean annual temp erature Maximum tempera tures Minimum temperatures San Isidro annual rainfall 1351 mm Spain average annual rainfall 675 mm Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 26. PROBLEMS: - Sandy soil > 90%. - Lot of stones. - Unstable soil. - Snow. Altitude 1750 m. Overload of Snow over a Horizontal Ground 5.3 kN/m2 540.5 kg/m2 * * Zone I Norte-Atlntica: Source Notas para una Climatologa de la Nieve y Bases para un Estudio de la Cobertura Nivosa Invernal en Espaa". Instituto Nacional De Meteorologa (1984) Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 27. SNOW COVER 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 28. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 29. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 30. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 31. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 32. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 33. Survival analysis - population total Waterboxx - Test Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 34. Survival analysis - Birch Waterboxx Types - Test Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 35. Electric fence Cerca elctrica/ Pastor elctrico Management and Control of Animal Damage Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Tree Protection tubes 36. CONCLUSIONS - THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT OF MICRO- LANSLIDE. ALTHOUGH THE WATERBOXX BREAKS. - THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT OF SNOW AND LOW TEMPERATURES. - GOOD SURVIVAL OF WATERBOOX. - NULL BIODEGRADABILITY - PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE PLANTATION. - IT'S ESSENTIAL THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL DAMAGE. Results and Discussion Pto. San Isidro 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 37. Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 38. PROBLEMS: - Basic pH > 8. - Organic matter in the soil are low. - Low rainfall. - Wind The wind erodes the soil. Windy weather drying out the soil Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 39. San Mateo de Gllego annual rainfall 386 mm Spain average annual rainfall 675 mm 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 40. Plantations LIFE 09: - Waterboxx Green, Yellow, Bio April 2011. - Waterboxx Carton April 2013. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 41. 10 m/s = 36 km/h Source: Departamento de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente Oficina del Regante Weather station Zuera Height 282m Utmx:685330.0m Utmy:4639810.0 m Huso:30 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 42. FEGA 2003 Source: SITAR PNOA 2012 Source: SITAR April 2011 1 2 1 2 3 3 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 43. Problem in placing of the waterboxx 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 44. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 45. Winter 2011 Dry PROBLEMS WITH THE PLANT? PROBLEMAS WITH PLACEMENT OF THE WATERBOXX? LACK OF MAINTENANCE? 46. AREAS 1-2-3 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 47. AREAS 1-2-3 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 48. AREAS 1-2-3-CARDBOARD WATERBOXX 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 49. AREAS WITH THE CARDBOARD WATERBOXX 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 50. AREAS WITH THE CARDBOARD WATERBOXX 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 51. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 52. CONCLUSIONS - GOOD SURVIVAL OF WATERBOOX. - THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURES. - THE QUALITY OF PLANT IS VERY IMPORTANT. - PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE PLANTATION. - IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THE CORRECT PLACEMENT OF THE WATERBOXX. - BAD PERFORMANCE OF THE CARDBOARD WATERBOXX 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion San Mateo de Gllego 53. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 54. Source: La vanguadr Incendio 29/07/2010 http://www.lavanguardia.com/20100729/53973981330/imagen-del-incendio- forestal-en-las-proximidades-de-la-ermita-de-sant-ramon-en-viladecans- xavier-gom.html http://www.lavanguardia.com/sucesos/20100729/53973939300/los-dos- incendios-forestales-en-viladecans-podrian-haber-sido-intencionados.html Source: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacin y Medio Ambiente Geoportal Mapa de Cultivos y Aprovechamientos 2000 - 2010 Pinus halepensis Carob/Algarrobo (Ceratonia siliqua) Quercus spp. Pinus halepensis Brush LIFE 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 55. Sant Climent de Llobregat Sant Boi de Llobregat Viladecans ZONA B - Marzo 2012 ZONA A - Marzo 2011 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 56. Plantations LIFE 09: - AREA A - March 2011. - AREA B - March 2012. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 57. PROBLEMS: - Burnt area and with only a few trees - Basic pH > 7.5 8. Lot of stones. - Wild Boars have attacked the 60 % of waterboxx for to drink in Zone B. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 58. Source: Generalitat de Catalua. Ruralcat Weather station Viladecans Height 3m Utmx:419544m Utmy:4572631 m Huso:31 Sant Boi de Llobregat annual rainfall 701 mm Spain average annual rainfall 675 mm 59. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 60. Wild Boars have attacked the 60 % of waterboxx for to drink in Zone B. But not all trees have died 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 61. Common vole Topillo Campesino (Microtus arvalis) Plague in Castilla y Len 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 62. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 63. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 64. ZONE B TOTAL alive plant with Waterboxx - 50.9% TOTAL dead plant with Waterboxx - 25.1% TOTAL missing plant - 24.0% TOTAL dead plant in plots test - 96.0%. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 65. CONCLUSIONS - GOOD SURVIVAL OF WATERBOOX. - THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT OF HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES. - NULL BIODEGRADABILITY - PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE PLANTATION. - IT'S ESSENTIAL THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL DAMAGE. WILD BOARS HAVE ATTACKED THE WATERBOXX FOR TO DRINK IN ZONE B. THE WATERBOXX WITH WILDLIFE REPELLENTS. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Sant Boi de Llobregat 66. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Valladolid 67. Matallana annual rainfall 543 mm Spain average annual rainfall 675 mm 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Valladolid 68. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Valladolid 69. Better Grow 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Valladolid 70. Common vole Topillo Campesino (Microtus arvalis) Plague in Castilla y Len 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Valladolid 71. CONCLUSIONS - GOOD SURVIVAL OF WATERBOOX. - THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT OF HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES. - NULL BIODEGRADABILITY - PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE PLANTATION. - IT'S ESSENTIAL THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL DAMAGE. WILDLIFE HAVE ATTACKED THE WATERBOXX FOR TO DRINK. THE WATERBOXX WITH WILDLIFE REPELLENTS. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Valladolid 72. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Riofro de Aliste 73. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Riofro de Aliste 74. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Riofro de Aliste 75. PNOA-CYL-NW 2011- 50 cm-1-1 Fuente: ITACYL PNOA-CYL-NW 2008- 25 cm-1-2 Fuente: ITACYL 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Riofro de Aliste 76. Deposit of open pit mining solid waste 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Riofro de Aliste 77. CONCLUSIONS - GOOD SURVIVAL OF WATERBOOX. - THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT OF HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES. - SAND ON TOP OF WATERBOXX AND IN SIPHONS WITH WEED GROWING CONSEQUENTLY - PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE PLANTATION. - NULL BIODEGRADABILITY - IT'S ESSENTIAL THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL DAMAGE. 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Results and Discussion Riofro de Aliste 78. CONTROL BY DRONES 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 Maintenance, control and technical monitoring Control by Drones 79. Maintenance, control and technical monitoring Control by Drones 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 80. Temperature monitored by sensors Control temperature into waterboxx Control temperature out of waterboxx Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 81. Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 82. Growth population of algae into Waterboxx Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 83. Transmittance Measurement into waterboxx Seaweed into Waterboxx Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 84. Transmittance Measurement into waterboxx Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 85. Waterboxx container light colour Second cover light colour Light outside waterboxx Light inside waterboxx Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 86. Waterboxx container dark colour Second cover black colour Light outside waterboxx Light inside waterboxx Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014 87. More light in the visible spectrum transmitted into waterboxx more Photosynthetic Active Radiation for photosynthesis. More light in the infrared spectrum transmitted into waterboxx more heat reaches the water. Good for the population growth of algae Other Research 2th Meeting/Seminar LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayo de Vidriales, March 2014