journal kwl chart what do you know about beef? write a paragraph what would you like to know about...
TRANSCRIPT
JournalKWL ChartWhat do you know about beef? Write a
paragraphWhat would you like to know about beef?
Write another paragraph.
Meat, Poultry, Fish, and Shellfish
CHAPTER 19
State Standards
Meat Selection and Storage
SECTION 19-2
Types of MeatBeef: meat from cattle more than 1 year old
Cuts have bright red fleshFat is firm with a white, creamy white, or yellowish
colorVeal: meat from very young claves
Light pink color with very little fatLamb: Meat from young sheep
Cuts are a bright pink-red color white, brittle fat
Pork: meat from hogsMeat is greyish-pinkWhite, soft fat
Cuts of MeatWholesale cuts: also called primal cuts,
these cuts are large cuts for marketingRetail cuts: smaller cuts you can find in
the supermarketPrice label on the meat identifies the cutType of meat listed 1st, wholesale cut 2nd,
retail cut 3rd
Example: Beef Chuck Steak
Wholesale Cuts
Bone ShapeBone shapes in the wholesale cuts are
distinctiveThese shapes are nearly identical in beef,
pork, lamb, and vealKnowing the shape can help you
determine if the meat is tender
Which Cuts are Lean? Beef Roasts and Steaks: round, loin, sirloin,
and chuck armPork Roasts and Chops: tenderloin, center
loin, hamVeal Cuts: all except ground vealLamb Roasts and Chops: leg, loin, and
foreshankAppearance is the best indicator of leanessInspect the package carefullyFat should be trimmed to ¼ inch
Ground MeatGround beef is made from meat trimmingsCannot have more than 30% fat by weightAlso find packages of ground lamb, pork,
veal, turkey, chicken
Organ MeatsLiver: highly nutritious and tenderLamb and Veal kidneys: tender with mild
flavorBeef and Pork Kidneys: strong flavor, less
tenderChitterlings: usually intestines of pigs, but
may come from calvesOther organ meats: brains, heart, tongue,
tripe (stomach linning of cattle), sweetbreads (thymus gland)
Inspection and Grading
Meat must be inspected by the USDAWholesale cuts are stampedGrading is voluntaryGrading is based on standards that include
amount of marbling, age of the animal, and texture and appearance
Prime: highest and most expensiveChoice: most common grade sold in
supermarkets Select: least expensive and sometimes sold as
store brandPork is not graded
Processed MeatsAbout 35% meat produced in the US is
processedMeats are processed to impart distinctive
flavorsTypical processed meats: ham, bacon,
sausage, and cold cutsCuring: placing the meat in a mixture of
salt, sugar, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ascorbic acid, and water
Smoking: liquid smoke for flavoring
Using Processed Meats
HamMeat from the thigh of a hog that has been cured
and either smoked or cannedSometimes hams are cooked, but sometimes they are
notSausage
Made from ground meatSome must be cooked before eating, but others are
ready to eatCold Cuts
Processed meats that are sliced and packaged
Storing MeatRequires cold storageGround meat and variety meats- use
within 1-2 days Other meats: use within 3-5 daysFreeze meat for longer storage
Journal Wrap UpGo back to your journal, now write what
you know about beef
Poultry Selection and Storage
SECTION 19-3
AssignmentReteaching 19-2
Types of Poultry
Chicken: light and dark meatThe bird’s age determines the tenderness of its meat and
the cooking method to useBroiler-fryer Chicken: the most tender and most common ;
cook using almost any methodRoaster Chicken: raised to be roasted whole; slightly larger
and older and yield more meatStewing Chicken: older, mature birds; older so they must be
cooked in moist heatRock Cornish Game Hens: young, small chickens of a special
breed; Less meat in relation to other chickens; 1 hen=1 serving; broil or roast
Capons: desexed roosters under 10 months old; best roasted
Types, ContinuedTurkey: larger than chickens and have stronger flavor
Beltsville or Fryer-Roaster Turkeys- smallest, average 5-9 pounds
Hen Turkeys- female, weigh 8-16 pounds Tom Turkeys- male, can weigh up to 24 pounds
Ducks and Geese: all dark meat, relatively high in fatGround Poultry- read the label carefully “ground turkey
breast” or “ground chicken” means both flesh and skin used Use ground turkey or chicken in place of ground beef; add a
little more seasonings and water to the meatGiblets: edible poultry organs; include liver, gizzard, and
heartProcessed Poultry: frankfurters and sausages
Inspection and GradingInspected by the USDAGrading is voluntary Grading and inspection marks are found
on the label or tag attached to the birdGrade A most commonly found in
supermarkets Indicates it is practically free of defects, has
a good shape and appearance, and is meaty
Buying and Storing PoultryLook for plump, meaty birdsSkin should be smooth and soft, color can
vary from creamy white to yellowAvoid poultry with tiny feathers or bruised
or torn skinUse poultry within 1-2 daysFreeze for longer storage
Assignment Reteaching 19-3
Fish and Shellfish Selection and Storage
SECTION 19-4
JournalHave you ever eaten fish you caught
yourself? What are 3 advantages to eating fish you
caught?What are 3 disadvantages to eating fish
you caught?
Fish and ShellfishFish- most fish have bony skeleton and
backboneShellfish- no fins or bones but have a shellFreshwater and saltwater varietiesSome types of fish and shellfish are raised
on fish farms
Fish CutsDrawn: whole fish with scales, gills, and internal organs removed
Dressed: drawn fish with head, tail, and fins removed
Fillets: sides of fish cut lengthwise away from bones and backbone. Usually boneless
Steaks: cross sections cut from large, dressed fish. May contain bones from ribs and backbone
Types of Fish and Shellfish
Shellfish: almost all come oceans and seas, but a few come from freshwaterCrustaceans: shellfish that have long bodies with
jointed limbs, covered with a shell. Examples: Crabs- oval shell, 4 pairs of walking legs, and 2
claws; different varieties are available; sold live, cooked, or frozen
Crayfish- freshwater ; sold live, whole, or cookedLobsters- long, jointed body with 4 pairs walking
legs and 2 large claws; fresh lobster sold liveShrimp- vary in size and color, buy raw shrimp or
cooked shrimp with or without the shell
Types, continuedMollusks- shellfish with soft bodies that are
covered with at least 1 shellClams- 2 shells hinged at the back; sold live or
shuckedMussels- thin, oblong shell; flesh is creamy tan
and not as tender as that of oysters or clams; sold live in the shell
Oysters- rough, hard grey shell; sold live or shucked
Scallops- grow in beautiful fan-shaped shells; only the muscle that hinges the two shells is sold
Squid- AKA calamari; sold fresh
Processed FishDried SmokedCuredCanned fish and shellfish- read to eat or
use Look for fish packed in water instead of oilFrozen, breaded fish
Inspection and GradingFDA- food and drug administration
Modern food safety system for fish known as hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP- HAS-sip)
All seafood processors, repackers, and warehouses must use the system
Voluntary grading by the FDA and the National Marine Fisheries Service of the US Department of Commerce
Buying Fish and ShellfishFishy odor- be suspicious!Buy from a reliable sourcePay attention to the display- layers should not be
piled on top of iceDo not buy ready to eat fish piled next to fresh fishUse appearance, aroma, and touch to judge quality Fresh fish should have shiny skin and glistening
colorWhole fish should have clear eyes and bright red or
pink gillsSkin should spring back when pressedSome shellfish must be alive if bought fresh- look
for movement
Storing Fish and ShellfishRefrigerate or freeze immediatelyRefrigerate live shellfish in a container
covered with a clean, damp clothUse fish with 1-2 days or freeze
AssignmentReteaching 19-4